WO2011037329A2 - Apparatus and method for providing context-aware service - Google Patents

Apparatus and method for providing context-aware service Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011037329A2
WO2011037329A2 PCT/KR2010/005774 KR2010005774W WO2011037329A2 WO 2011037329 A2 WO2011037329 A2 WO 2011037329A2 KR 2010005774 W KR2010005774 W KR 2010005774W WO 2011037329 A2 WO2011037329 A2 WO 2011037329A2
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Prior art keywords
contextual information
user
accuracy
context
environment
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PCT/KR2010/005774
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French (fr)
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WO2011037329A3 (en
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Byoung Hoon Lee
Dong Wook Lee
Jai Hoon Kim
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Ajou University Industry Cooperation Foundation
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B21/00—Alarms responsive to a single specified undesired or abnormal condition and not otherwise provided for
    • G08B21/02—Alarms for ensuring the safety of persons
    • G08B21/04—Alarms for ensuring the safety of persons responsive to non-activity, e.g. of elderly persons
    • G08B21/0438—Sensor means for detecting
    • G08B21/0492—Sensor dual technology, i.e. two or more technologies collaborate to extract unsafe condition, e.g. video tracking and RFID tracking
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B21/00—Alarms responsive to a single specified undesired or abnormal condition and not otherwise provided for
    • G08B21/02—Alarms for ensuring the safety of persons
    • G08B21/04—Alarms for ensuring the safety of persons responsive to non-activity, e.g. of elderly persons
    • G08B21/0407—Alarms for ensuring the safety of persons responsive to non-activity, e.g. of elderly persons based on behaviour analysis
    • G08B21/0423—Alarms for ensuring the safety of persons responsive to non-activity, e.g. of elderly persons based on behaviour analysis detecting deviation from an expected pattern of behaviour or schedule

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an apparatus and method for providing a context-aware service, and more particularly, to an apparatus and method for providing a context-aware service capable of providing a user with an optimal service by extracting an accuracy of sensed or reasoned contextual information using a variety of contextual information awareness methods and increasing a reliability level of context-awareness.
  • Ubiquitous computing is a new concept computing environment in which a various types of computers are inherent into humans, articles, and environments and are interacted with each other over a network to provide humans with an individually customized service reflecting a seamless and a current context anywhere and anytime without quietly showing their existences.
  • a context-aware computing technology is mostly spotlighted as a base technology for building a ubiquitous computing environment.
  • the context-aware computing technology is a technology for identifying user's current contextual information, such as a user's current location, time, other persons or information home appliances around the user, a user's activity and operation history, and the like, analyzing the user's current contextual information, searching for a service necessary for a user's current context, and driving the service.
  • a context-aware service is a service for determining whether to provide a service and content of the service according to a change in context defined by a service object.
  • Context means information used to determining a service activity defined by a context-aware service object.
  • the information includes a time when a service is provided, whether to provide the service, a subject to which the service is provided, a position to which the service is provided, and the like.
  • the context may be classified into context (when-context) for determining the time when the service is provided, context (why-context) for determining whether to provide the service, and context (how-context) for determining the content of the service, according to the characteristics of the service activity to be determined.
  • the context-aware service provides a service corresponding to the how-context if the why-context is satisfied at a time when the when-context is satisfied.
  • the contextual information may be identified by analyzing materials collected from a plurality of sensors in a sensor network.
  • the essential definition of context may be "information defined by characterizing a status of an entity existing in a real world".
  • the entity may refer to humans, places, or an interaction between humans and services.
  • the context-aware service or technology may be applied to the overall fields, such as a medical care, education, disaster, rescue, shopping, and the like.
  • many researches into a home automation have been conducted.
  • the context-aware service or technology can realize an environment in which a function of a residential environment can be changed in accordance with residents living patterns and activities (a resident's schedule for a commutation time and a time for using a service).
  • the context-aware service or technology can apply a nerve network theory to a value of residents activity patterns obtained from various types of sensing information, such as an indoor temperature sensor, an illumination brightness sensor, a motion sensor, etc., be aware of residents,living patterns, and predict resident's next activities.
  • Contextual information and context requested by a service can be changed in accordance with an operation environment or a user's preference.
  • the contextual information of the context-aware service means all types of information for specifying context of an entity.
  • the entity includes humans, places, or articles regarded as relating to an interaction between a user and an application program, and the user and the application program for themselves.
  • a context-aware system mainly includes a part for obtaining data from a sensor, a part for extracting and analyzing high level context from the obtained information, and a part for executing a service suitable for the high level context.
  • the context-aware system has the characteristics that a new requirement may be added or a given service model may be changed even in the same physical environment to which a user belongs, and changes frequently occur.
  • the conventional context-aware technologies have been aware of context by analyzing a sensing technology or employed a single context-aware method.
  • the conventional context-aware technologies based on an analysis of sensing data may cause improper contextual information when an error occurs in a sensor.
  • a context-aware method using a user's living pattern based inference engine is not accurately aware of context regarding a user's optional activity that does not match a user's pattern.
  • the present invention provides an apparatus and method for providing a context-aware service capable of providing a user with an optimal service by extracting an accuracy of sensed or reasoned contextual information using a variety of contextual information awareness methods and increasing a reliability level of context-awareness.
  • an apparatus for providing a context-aware service including: a plurality of sensor nodes for sensing environment contextual information and user contextual information by using a variety of sensing methods; a plurality of context inference engines for inferring the user contextual information by using a variety of inference methods; a user interface unit for receiving the user contextual information; a contextual information comparing unit for extracting an accuracy of environment contextual information and user contextual information of each of the plurality of sensor nodes and an accuracy of engine contextual information of each of the plurality of context inference engines based on the contextual information input into the user interface unit; and a service providing unit for providing a personal service corresponding to the contextual information input into the user interface unit, a personal service corresponding to the environment contextual information and the user contextual information sensed by the plurality of sensor nodes and having an accuracy greater than a reference value extracted by the contextual information comparing unit, or a personal service corresponding to the contextual information inferred by the plurality of context inference engines and having the accuracy greater than
  • the user interface unit may receive the user contextual information irregularly.
  • the contextual information comparing unit may extract the accuracy of environment contextual information and user contextual information of each of the plurality of sensor nodes and the accuracy of engine contextual information of each of the plurality of context inference engines whenever the user interface unit receives the user contextual information.
  • the plurality of sensor nodes may include at least one selected from the group consisting of a temperature detection sensor, a pressure sensor, a moisture sensor, an infrared ray sensor, and a weight sensor.
  • the plurality of context inference engines may include at least one of an ontology based inference engine and a rule based inference engine.
  • the environment contextual information may include a temperature, moisture, and an illumination brightness of a space for a ubiquitous environment.
  • the plurality of sensor nodes may sense time contextual information.
  • the service providing unit may provide the personal service corresponding to the environment contextual information and the user contextual information sensed by the sensor node and having highest accuracy.
  • the service providing unit may provide the personal service corresponding to the contextual information inferred by the inference node and having highest accuracy.
  • a method of providing a context-aware service including: sensing environment contextual information and user contextual information by using a plurality of sensor nodes constructed by a variety of sensing methods; inferring the user contextual information by using a plurality of context inference engines through a variety of inference methods; inputting the user contextual information; extracting an accuracy of the sensed environment contextual information and user contextual information and an accuracy of the inferred engine contextual information based on the input user contextual information; and providing a personal service corresponding to the input contextual information, a personal service corresponding to the sensed environment contextual information and the user contextual information and having the extracted accuracy greater than a reference value, or a personal service corresponding to the inferred contextual information and having the extracted accuracy greater than the reference value.
  • the inputting of the user contextual information may include irregularly inputting the user contextual information.
  • the extracting of the accuracy may include: extracting the accuracy of environment contextual information and user contextual information of each of the plurality of sensor nodes and the accuracy of engine contextual information of each of the plurality of context inference engines whenever the user contextual information is input.
  • the plurality of sensor nodes may include at least one selected from the group consisting of a temperature detection sensor, a pressure sensor, a moisture sensor, an infrared ray sensor, and a weight sensor.
  • the plurality of context inference engines may include at least one of an ontology based inference engine and a rule based inference engine.
  • the environment contextual information may include a temperature, moisture, and an illumination brightness of a space for a ubiquitous environment.
  • the plurality of sensor nodes may sense time contextual information.
  • the providing of the personal service include:, if a plurality of sensor nodes has the accuracy greater than the reference value, and the personal services corresponding to the environment contextual information and the user contextual information sensed by the plurality of sensor nodes and having the accuracy greater than the reference value are contradictory to each other, providing the personal service corresponding to the environment contextual information and the user contextual information sensed by the sensor node and having highest accuracy.
  • the providing of the personal service may include:, if a plurality of inference engines has the accuracy greater than the reference value, and the personal services corresponding to the contextual information inferred by the plurality of inference engines and having the accuracy greater than the reference value are contradictory to each other, providing the personal service corresponding to the contextual information inferred by the inference node and having highest accuracy.
  • an apparatus and method for providing a context-aware service can increase an accuracy of context-aware, compared to context-aware obtained by using the conventional single context-aware method, thereby providing a user with an optimal service.
  • the apparatus and method for providing the context-aware service can measure the accuracy of context-aware by utilizing various context-aware methods, and more accurately perform context-aware so as to increase reliability of context-aware, and solve a problem that the conventional context-aware technology based on an analysis of sensing data causes improper contextual information when an error occurs in a sensor.
  • the apparatus and method for providing the context-aware service can solve a problem that a context-aware method through a user's living pattern based inference engine does not perform accurately context-aware regarding a user's optional activity that does not match a user's pattern.
  • the apparatus and method for providing the context-aware service can complement an error of a sensor device or an error of a user's abnormal pattern through integrated context-aware utilizing user's intermittent feedback information, measure an accuracy of various types of context-aware information, and more accurately perform context-aware by using context-aware information having a high accuracy, thereby providing the user with the optimal service.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an apparatus for providing a context-aware service according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating a method of providing a context-aware service according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an example of an apparatus for providing a context-aware service applied to a ubiquitous environment according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an apparatus for providing a context-aware service according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the apparatus for providing the context-aware service of the present embodiment includes a plurality of sensor nodes 110, a plurality of context inference engines 120, a user interface unit 130, a contextual information comparing unit 140, and a service proving unit 150.
  • the plurality of sensor nodes 110 senses and obtains environment contextual information and user contextual information by using a variety of sensing methods.
  • the plurality of sensor nodes 110 may further sense and obtain time contextual information.
  • the environment contextual information includes a temperature, moisture, an illumination brightness, etc. of a space for a ubiquitous environment.
  • the plurality of sensor nodes 110 may include a collection of an illumination sensor, a temperature detection sensor, a pressure sensor, a moisture sensor, an infrared ray sensor, and a weight sensor.
  • whether a user gets up can be determined by using the pressure sensor of a bed.
  • the plurality of sensor nodes 110 may include various sensors so as to obtain contextual information by using different sensing methods. Although respective sensors do not necessarily use different sensing methods, respective sensors included in the plurality of sensor nodes 110 must not use a single sensing method.
  • the plurality of sensor nodes 110 must not include pressure sensors.
  • the plurality of sensor nodes 110 may include two temperature detection sensors, one pressure sensor, one moisture sensor, three infrared ray sensors, and three weight sensors.
  • the plurality of context inference engines 120 infers the user contextual information by using various inference methods.
  • the plurality of context inference engines 120 may infer context based on a living habit having a high consistency with context to be aware.
  • the plurality of context inference engines 120 may include a collection of an ontology based inference engine and a rule based inference engine.
  • the rule based inference engine informs a user with a final occurrence of context by applying input facts to various rules in connection with the facts.
  • Desired occurrence conditions of context are described by describing rules applied according to the occurrence conditions of facts.
  • semantic information containing the context meaning is generated by utilizing the background knowledge represented in an ontology manner.
  • the semantic information expresses the meaning of the sensed facts, and thus the current context is inferred through the correlations between the semantic information.
  • the apparatus for providing the context-aware service must not include a single context inference engine, in the same manner as the plurality of sensor nodes 110.
  • the user interface unit 130 receives the user contextual information.
  • a user's direct input can make it possible to clearly be aware of context.
  • the user contextual information obtained by the user interface unit 130 is the most accurate context-aware method since the user directly inputs the user contextual information.
  • the user interface unit 130 may receive the user contextual information according to device operations that can be performed only during a getup status, like operating a toaster or a mixer.
  • the user interface unit 130 receives the user contextual information irregularly and randomly.
  • the contextual information comparing unit 140 extracts accuracies of the environment contextual information and the user contextual information of each of the plurality of sensor nodes 110 and an accuracy of the engine contextual information of each of the plurality of context inference engines 120 based on the contextual information input into the user interface unit 130.
  • the contextual information comparing unit 140 extracts accuracies of the environment contextual information and the user contextual information of each of the plurality of sensor nodes 110 and an accuracy of the engine contextual information of each of the plurality of context inference engines 120 whenever the user interface unit 140 receives the user contextual information.
  • the accuracies extracted by the contextual information comparing unit 140 may be displayed as values based on the contextual information input into the user interface unit 130.
  • the service proving unit 150 provides a personal service corresponding to the contextual information input into the user interface unit 130, a personal service corresponding to the environment contextual information and the user contextual information sensed by the plurality of sensor nodes 110 and having an accuracy greater than a reference value or the highest accuracy extracted by the contextual information comparing unit 140, or a personal service corresponding to the contextual information inferred by the plurality of context inference engines 120 and having the accuracy greater than the reference value or the highest accuracy extracted by the contextual information comparing unit 140.
  • the service providing unit 150 provides the personal service corresponding to the environment contextual information and the user contextual information sensed by the plurality of sensor nodes 110 and having the accuracy greater than the reference value or the highest accuracy, or the personal service corresponding to the contextual information inferred by the plurality of context inference engines 120 and having the accuracy greater than the reference value or the highest accuracy, based on the accuracies extracted by the contextual information comparing unit 140 whenever the user interface unit 140 receives the user contextual information.
  • the service providing unit 150 provides the personal service corresponding to the contextual information that is received as to be the most accurate.
  • the service providing unit 150 provides the personal service corresponding to the contextual information that is obtained by the plurality of sensor nodes 110 or the plurality of context inference engines 120 and has the accuracy greater than the reference value.
  • the service providing unit 150 provides personal services based on the contextual information only collected by the sensor nodes or context inference engines and having the highest accuracy.
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating a method of providing a context-aware service according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a plurality of sensor nodes that use a variety of sensing methods senses environment contextual information and user contextual information (step 210).
  • the plurality of sensor nodes may include a collection of an illumination sensor, a temperature detection sensor, a pressure sensor, a moisture sensor, an infrared ray sensor, and a weight sensor.
  • the plurality of sensor nodes may include various sensors so as to obtain contextual information by using different sensing methods. Although respective sensors do not necessarily use different sensing methods, respective sensors included in the plurality of sensor nodes 110 must not use a single sensing method.
  • a plurality of context inference engines infers the user contextual information by using various inference methods (step 220).
  • the plurality of context inference engines may include a collection of an ontology based inference engine and a rule based inference engine.
  • the method of providing the context-aware service must not use a single context inference engine, in the same manner as the plurality of sensor nodes.
  • the user contextual information is received (step 230).
  • the user contextual information is received irregularly and randomly.
  • Accuracies of the environment contextual information and the user contextual information obtained in the step of sensing the contextual information and an accuracy of the engine contextual information obtained in the step of inferring the context are extracted based on the received contextual information (step 240).
  • step 240 the extracting of the accuracies is performed whenever the user contextual information is received. That is, the accuracies of the environment contextual information and the user contextual information of each of the plurality of sensor nodes and the accuracy of the engine contextual information of each of the plurality of context inference engines are extracted whenever the user contextual information is received.
  • a personal service corresponding to the input contextual information, a personal service corresponding to the environment contextual information and the user contextual information sensed by the plurality of sensor nodes and having an accuracy greater than a reference value or the highest accuracy extracted in step 240, or a personal service corresponding to the contextual information inferred by the plurality of context inference engines and having the accuracy greater than the reference value or the highest accuracy extracted in the step 240 is provided (step 250).
  • the personal service corresponding to the contextual information that is received as to be the most accurate is provided.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an example of an apparatus for providing a context-aware service applied to a ubiquitous environment according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a user's daily living pattern is that a user gets up at 6 a.m., drinks water, takes a shower, has a breakfast, and goes to a work.
  • the apparatus for providing the context-aware service of the present embodiment applies a user's abnormal living pattern that the user takes a holiday due to a cold and gets up late up to 9 a.m.
  • the user is supposed to get up at 6 a.m. due to a thirsty as usual, drinks water in a kitchen, and go to sleep again.
  • the apparatus for providing the context-aware service of the present embodiment includes a time measurement sensor node for sensing time context at 6 a.m., a pressure sensor node for sensing a reduction of pressure of a bed, a first infrared ray sensor node for sensing a user's location movement from the bed to a living room, a second infrared ray sensor node for sensing a user's location movement from the living room to the kitchen, and a third infrared ray sensor node for sensing a user's location movement from the kitchen to the bed.
  • a sensor node 310 for collecting contextual information in a space where the user is resident includes the time measurement sensor node, the pressure sensor node, and the first through third infrared ray sensor nodes.
  • the user got up.
  • the user's daily living pattern is to provide a service of putting on an indoor lamp in a bathroom based on the collected contextual information.
  • the user's daily living pattern is to provide a service of putting off an indoor lamp in the bed.
  • the user does not want a service of putting on the indoor lamp in the bathroom when the user takes the holiday due to the cold and gets up late up to 9 a.m.
  • a context inference engine 330 includes a rule based inference engine and an ontology based inference engine.
  • the rule based inference engine is aware of context that the user gets up when an indoor lamp is put on after 6 a.m.
  • the user's daily living pattern is to provide a service of putting on the indoor lamps in the bathroom and a dressing room.
  • the ontology based inference engine is aware of context that the user gets up only when an indoor lamp is put on after 6 a.m. and a TV is turned on.
  • the user's daily living pattern is to provide a service of putting on the lamps in the bathroom and the dressing room.
  • the ontology based inference engine if the TV is not turned on, the service of putting on the lamps in the bathroom and the dressing room is not provided.
  • the user is provided with various service questions, such as 1) will you watch a TV?, 2) will you take a shower?, and 3) will you go to sleep again?, through a screen positioned on a table of the kitchen, and inputs contextual information "yes" in response to the question 3).
  • a user interface unit 320 of the present embodiment receives the contextual information "will go to sleep again?" from the user.
  • a contextual information comparing unit 340 of the present embodiment may extract the more accurate contextual information sensed by the second and third infrared ray sensor nodes than the contextual information sensed by the time measurement sensor node, the pressure sensor node, and the first infrared ray sensor node, based on the contextual information input into the user interface unit 320.
  • the contextual information comparing unit 340 may extract the more accurate contextual information inferred by the ontology based inference engine than the contextual information inferred by the rule based inference engine.
  • the accurate contextual information extracted by the contextual information comparing unit 340 may be compared to the contextual information input into the user interface unit 320 and be displayed as values.
  • the apparatus for providing the context-aware service of the present embodiment provides personal services corresponding to the contextual information sensed and collected by the second and third infrared ray sensor nodes.
  • a personal service is provided based on the contextual information sensed and collected by the third infrared ray sensor node and having the highest accuracy.
  • the personal service corresponding to the contextual information sensed and collected by the third infrared ray sensor node and having the highest accuracy is provided.
  • a service providing unit 350 of the apparatus for providing the context-aware service of the present embodiment provides a service of putting off an indoor lamp corresponding to the contextual information input into the user interface unit 320.
  • a personal service corresponding to contextual information newly inferred by the ontology based inference engine rather than the rule based inference engine is provided.
  • the present invention can be used for a space monitoring system.

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Abstract

Provided are an apparatus and method for providing a context-aware service capable of providing a user with an optimal service by extracting an accuracy of sensed or reasoned contextual information using a variety of contextual information awareness methods and increasing a reliability level of context-awareness. According to the present invention, an apparatus and method for providing a context-aware service can increase an accuracy of context-aware, compared to context-aware obtained by using the conventional single context-aware method, thereby providing a user with an optimal service.

Description

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR PROVIDING CONTEXT-AWARE SERVICE
The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for providing a context-aware service, and more particularly, to an apparatus and method for providing a context-aware service capable of providing a user with an optimal service by extracting an accuracy of sensed or reasoned contextual information using a variety of contextual information awareness methods and increasing a reliability level of context-awareness.
Ubiquitous computing is a new concept computing environment in which a various types of computers are inherent into humans, articles, and environments and are interacted with each other over a network to provide humans with an individually customized service reflecting a seamless and a current context anywhere and anytime without quietly showing their existences.
A context-aware computing technology is mostly spotlighted as a base technology for building a ubiquitous computing environment.
The context-aware computing technology is a technology for identifying user's current contextual information, such as a user's current location, time, other persons or information home appliances around the user, a user's activity and operation history, and the like, analyzing the user's current contextual information, searching for a service necessary for a user's current context, and driving the service.
A context-aware service is a service for determining whether to provide a service and content of the service according to a change in context defined by a service object.
Context means information used to determining a service activity defined by a context-aware service object. The information includes a time when a service is provided, whether to provide the service, a subject to which the service is provided, a position to which the service is provided, and the like.
The context may be classified into context (when-context) for determining the time when the service is provided, context (why-context) for determining whether to provide the service, and context (how-context) for determining the content of the service, according to the characteristics of the service activity to be determined.
The context-aware service provides a service corresponding to the how-context if the why-context is satisfied at a time when the when-context is satisfied.
The contextual information may be identified by analyzing materials collected from a plurality of sensors in a sensor network.
The essential definition of context may be "information defined by characterizing a status of an entity existing in a real world". The entity may refer to humans, places, or an interaction between humans and services.
The context-aware service or technology may be applied to the overall fields, such as a medical care, education, disaster, rescue, shopping, and the like. In particular, many researches into a home automation have been conducted.
The context-aware service or technology can realize an environment in which a function of a residential environment can be changed in accordance with residents living patterns and activities (a resident's schedule for a commutation time and a time for using a service).
Further, the context-aware service or technology can apply a nerve network theory to a value of residents activity patterns obtained from various types of sensing information, such as an indoor temperature sensor, an illumination brightness sensor, a motion sensor, etc., be aware of residents,living patterns, and predict resident's next activities.
Contextual information and context requested by a service can be changed in accordance with an operation environment or a user's preference.
The contextual information of the context-aware service means all types of information for specifying context of an entity. The entity includes humans, places, or articles regarded as relating to an interaction between a user and an application program, and the user and the application program for themselves.
A context-aware system mainly includes a part for obtaining data from a sensor, a part for extracting and analyzing high level context from the obtained information, and a part for executing a service suitable for the high level context.
Many researches into a middleware system or a context inference for processing the context-aware system have been conducted.
However, the context-aware system has the characteristics that a new requirement may be added or a given service model may be changed even in the same physical environment to which a user belongs, and changes frequently occur.
The conventional context-aware technologies have been aware of context by analyzing a sensing technology or employed a single context-aware method.
Therefore, the conventional context-aware technologies based on an analysis of sensing data may cause improper contextual information when an error occurs in a sensor.
Furthermore, a context-aware method using a user's living pattern based inference engine is not accurately aware of context regarding a user's optional activity that does not match a user's pattern.
To solve problems of conventional space monitoring, the present invention provides an apparatus and method for providing a context-aware service capable of providing a user with an optimal service by extracting an accuracy of sensed or reasoned contextual information using a variety of contextual information awareness methods and increasing a reliability level of context-awareness.
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for providing a context-aware service, the apparatus including: a plurality of sensor nodes for sensing environment contextual information and user contextual information by using a variety of sensing methods; a plurality of context inference engines for inferring the user contextual information by using a variety of inference methods; a user interface unit for receiving the user contextual information; a contextual information comparing unit for extracting an accuracy of environment contextual information and user contextual information of each of the plurality of sensor nodes and an accuracy of engine contextual information of each of the plurality of context inference engines based on the contextual information input into the user interface unit; and a service providing unit for providing a personal service corresponding to the contextual information input into the user interface unit, a personal service corresponding to the environment contextual information and the user contextual information sensed by the plurality of sensor nodes and having an accuracy greater than a reference value extracted by the contextual information comparing unit, or a personal service corresponding to the contextual information inferred by the plurality of context inference engines and having the accuracy greater than the reference value extracted by the contextual information comparing unit.
The user interface unit may receive the user contextual information irregularly.
The contextual information comparing unit may extract the accuracy of environment contextual information and user contextual information of each of the plurality of sensor nodes and the accuracy of engine contextual information of each of the plurality of context inference engines whenever the user interface unit receives the user contextual information.
The plurality of sensor nodes may include at least one selected from the group consisting of a temperature detection sensor, a pressure sensor, a moisture sensor, an infrared ray sensor, and a weight sensor.
The plurality of context inference engines may include at least one of an ontology based inference engine and a rule based inference engine.
The environment contextual information may include a temperature, moisture, and an illumination brightness of a space for a ubiquitous environment.
The plurality of sensor nodes may sense time contextual information.
If a plurality of sensor nodes has the accuracy greater than the reference value, and the personal services corresponding to the environment contextual information and the user contextual information sensed by the plurality of sensor nodes having the accuracy greater than the reference value are contradictory to each other, the service providing unit may provide the personal service corresponding to the environment contextual information and the user contextual information sensed by the sensor node and having highest accuracy.
If a plurality of inference engines has the accuracy greater than the reference value, and the personal services corresponding to the contextual information inferred by the plurality of inference engines and having the accuracy greater than the reference value are contradictory to each other, the service providing unit may provide the personal service corresponding to the contextual information inferred by the inference node and having highest accuracy.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of providing a context-aware service, the method including: sensing environment contextual information and user contextual information by using a plurality of sensor nodes constructed by a variety of sensing methods; inferring the user contextual information by using a plurality of context inference engines through a variety of inference methods; inputting the user contextual information; extracting an accuracy of the sensed environment contextual information and user contextual information and an accuracy of the inferred engine contextual information based on the input user contextual information; and providing a personal service corresponding to the input contextual information, a personal service corresponding to the sensed environment contextual information and the user contextual information and having the extracted accuracy greater than a reference value, or a personal service corresponding to the inferred contextual information and having the extracted accuracy greater than the reference value.
The inputting of the user contextual information may include irregularly inputting the user contextual information.
The extracting of the accuracy may include: extracting the accuracy of environment contextual information and user contextual information of each of the plurality of sensor nodes and the accuracy of engine contextual information of each of the plurality of context inference engines whenever the user contextual information is input.
The plurality of sensor nodes may include at least one selected from the group consisting of a temperature detection sensor, a pressure sensor, a moisture sensor, an infrared ray sensor, and a weight sensor.
The plurality of context inference engines may include at least one of an ontology based inference engine and a rule based inference engine. The environment contextual information may include a temperature, moisture, and an illumination brightness of a space for a ubiquitous environment.
The plurality of sensor nodes may sense time contextual information.
The providing of the personal service include:, if a plurality of sensor nodes has the accuracy greater than the reference value, and the personal services corresponding to the environment contextual information and the user contextual information sensed by the plurality of sensor nodes and having the accuracy greater than the reference value are contradictory to each other, providing the personal service corresponding to the environment contextual information and the user contextual information sensed by the sensor node and having highest accuracy.
The providing of the personal service may include:, if a plurality of inference engines has the accuracy greater than the reference value, and the personal services corresponding to the contextual information inferred by the plurality of inference engines and having the accuracy greater than the reference value are contradictory to each other, providing the personal service corresponding to the contextual information inferred by the inference node and having highest accuracy.
According to the present invention, an apparatus and method for providing a context-aware service can increase an accuracy of context-aware, compared to context-aware obtained by using the conventional single context-aware method, thereby providing a user with an optimal service.
According to the present invention, the apparatus and method for providing the context-aware service can measure the accuracy of context-aware by utilizing various context-aware methods, and more accurately perform context-aware so as to increase reliability of context-aware, and solve a problem that the conventional context-aware technology based on an analysis of sensing data causes improper contextual information when an error occurs in a sensor.
Further, according to the present invention, the apparatus and method for providing the context-aware service can solve a problem that a context-aware method through a user's living pattern based inference engine does not perform accurately context-aware regarding a user's optional activity that does not match a user's pattern.
According to the present invention, the apparatus and method for providing the context-aware service can complement an error of a sensor device or an error of a user's abnormal pattern through integrated context-aware utilizing user's intermittent feedback information, measure an accuracy of various types of context-aware information, and more accurately perform context-aware by using context-aware information having a high accuracy, thereby providing the user with the optimal service.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an apparatus for providing a context-aware service according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating a method of providing a context-aware service according to an embodiment of the present invention; and
FIG. 3 illustrates an example of an apparatus for providing a context-aware service applied to a ubiquitous environment according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The present invention will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an apparatus for providing a context-aware service according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Referring to FIG. 1, the apparatus for providing the context-aware service of the present embodiment includes a plurality of sensor nodes 110, a plurality of context inference engines 120, a user interface unit 130, a contextual information comparing unit 140, and a service proving unit 150.
The plurality of sensor nodes 110 senses and obtains environment contextual information and user contextual information by using a variety of sensing methods.
The plurality of sensor nodes 110 may further sense and obtain time contextual information.
The environment contextual information includes a temperature, moisture, an illumination brightness, etc. of a space for a ubiquitous environment.
The plurality of sensor nodes 110 may include a collection of an illumination sensor, a temperature detection sensor, a pressure sensor, a moisture sensor, an infrared ray sensor, and a weight sensor.
As an example of the user contextual information obtained by the plurality of sensor nodes 110, whether a user gets up can be determined by using the pressure sensor of a bed.
The plurality of sensor nodes 110 may include various sensors so as to obtain contextual information by using different sensing methods. Although respective sensors do not necessarily use different sensing methods, respective sensors included in the plurality of sensor nodes 110 must not use a single sensing method.
That is, all of the plurality of sensor nodes 110 must not include pressure sensors. However, the plurality of sensor nodes 110 may include two temperature detection sensors, one pressure sensor, one moisture sensor, three infrared ray sensors, and three weight sensors.
The plurality of context inference engines 120 infers the user contextual information by using various inference methods.
The plurality of context inference engines 120 may infer context based on a living habit having a high consistency with context to be aware.
As an example of inferring the user contextual information, if an indoor lamp is put on after 6 a.m., and a TV is turned on, context that the user gets up can be inferred.
The plurality of context inference engines 120 may include a collection of an ontology based inference engine and a rule based inference engine.
The rule based inference engine informs a user with a final occurrence of context by applying input facts to various rules in connection with the facts.
Desired occurrence conditions of context are described by describing rules applied according to the occurrence conditions of facts.
To more accurately understand the meaning of the sensed facts, semantic information containing the context meaning is generated by utilizing the background knowledge represented in an ontology manner.
The semantic information expresses the meaning of the sensed facts, and thus the current context is inferred through the correlations between the semantic information.
To realize this, a technology of converting real-time facts into ontology instances and clearly representing background semantic knowledge contained in ontology is needed.
The apparatus for providing the context-aware service must not include a single context inference engine, in the same manner as the plurality of sensor nodes 110.
The user interface unit 130 receives the user contextual information.
A user's direct input can make it possible to clearly be aware of context.
For example, if there is a reaction by asking a variety of service questions, like "will you see today's news article?", "will you watch news?" etc., by using various information communication devices, it is determined that the user gets up, and if there is no reaction, it is determined that the user has not got up.
The user contextual information obtained by the user interface unit 130 is the most accurate context-aware method since the user directly inputs the user contextual information.
The user interface unit 130 may receive the user contextual information according to device operations that can be performed only during a getup status, like operating a toaster or a mixer.
The user interface unit 130 receives the user contextual information irregularly and randomly.
The contextual information comparing unit 140 extracts accuracies of the environment contextual information and the user contextual information of each of the plurality of sensor nodes 110 and an accuracy of the engine contextual information of each of the plurality of context inference engines 120 based on the contextual information input into the user interface unit 130.
The contextual information comparing unit 140 extracts accuracies of the environment contextual information and the user contextual information of each of the plurality of sensor nodes 110 and an accuracy of the engine contextual information of each of the plurality of context inference engines 120 whenever the user interface unit 140 receives the user contextual information.
The accuracies extracted by the contextual information comparing unit 140 may be displayed as values based on the contextual information input into the user interface unit 130.
The service proving unit 150 provides a personal service corresponding to the contextual information input into the user interface unit 130, a personal service corresponding to the environment contextual information and the user contextual information sensed by the plurality of sensor nodes 110 and having an accuracy greater than a reference value or the highest accuracy extracted by the contextual information comparing unit 140, or a personal service corresponding to the contextual information inferred by the plurality of context inference engines 120 and having the accuracy greater than the reference value or the highest accuracy extracted by the contextual information comparing unit 140.
The service providing unit 150 provides the personal service corresponding to the environment contextual information and the user contextual information sensed by the plurality of sensor nodes 110 and having the accuracy greater than the reference value or the highest accuracy, or the personal service corresponding to the contextual information inferred by the plurality of context inference engines 120 and having the accuracy greater than the reference value or the highest accuracy, based on the accuracies extracted by the contextual information comparing unit 140 whenever the user interface unit 140 receives the user contextual information.
However, when the user interface unit 140 receives the user contextual information, since the user directly inputs the user contextual information, the service providing unit 150 provides the personal service corresponding to the contextual information that is received as to be the most accurate.
The service providing unit 150 provides the personal service corresponding to the contextual information that is obtained by the plurality of sensor nodes 110 or the plurality of context inference engines 120 and has the accuracy greater than the reference value.
However, if personal services provided by two or more sensor nodes or context inference engines and having the same accuracy are contradictory to each other, the service providing unit 150 provides personal services based on the contextual information only collected by the sensor nodes or context inference engines and having the highest accuracy.
FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating a method of providing a context-aware service according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Referring to FIG. 2, a plurality of sensor nodes that use a variety of sensing methods senses environment contextual information and user contextual information (step 210).
The plurality of sensor nodes may include a collection of an illumination sensor, a temperature detection sensor, a pressure sensor, a moisture sensor, an infrared ray sensor, and a weight sensor.
The plurality of sensor nodes may include various sensors so as to obtain contextual information by using different sensing methods. Although respective sensors do not necessarily use different sensing methods, respective sensors included in the plurality of sensor nodes 110 must not use a single sensing method.
A plurality of context inference engines infers the user contextual information by using various inference methods (step 220).
The plurality of context inference engines may include a collection of an ontology based inference engine and a rule based inference engine.
The method of providing the context-aware service must not use a single context inference engine, in the same manner as the plurality of sensor nodes.
The user contextual information is received (step 230).
The user contextual information is received irregularly and randomly.
Accuracies of the environment contextual information and the user contextual information obtained in the step of sensing the contextual information and an accuracy of the engine contextual information obtained in the step of inferring the context are extracted based on the received contextual information (step 240).
In step 240, the extracting of the accuracies is performed whenever the user contextual information is received. That is, the accuracies of the environment contextual information and the user contextual information of each of the plurality of sensor nodes and the accuracy of the engine contextual information of each of the plurality of context inference engines are extracted whenever the user contextual information is received.
A personal service corresponding to the input contextual information, a personal service corresponding to the environment contextual information and the user contextual information sensed by the plurality of sensor nodes and having an accuracy greater than a reference value or the highest accuracy extracted in step 240, or a personal service corresponding to the contextual information inferred by the plurality of context inference engines and having the accuracy greater than the reference value or the highest accuracy extracted in the step 240 is provided (step 250).
Whenever the user contextual information is received, the personal service corresponding to the environment contextual information and the user contextual information sensed by the plurality of sensor nodes and having the accuracy greater than the reference value or the highest accuracy, or the personal service corresponding to the contextual information inferred by the plurality of context inference engines and having the accuracy greater than the reference value or the highest accuracy, based on the extracted accuracies.
However, when the user contextual information is received, since a user directly inputs the user contextual information, the personal service corresponding to the contextual information that is received as to be the most accurate is provided.
FIG. 3 illustrates an example of an apparatus for providing a context-aware service applied to a ubiquitous environment according to an embodiment of the present invention.
A user's daily living pattern is that a user gets up at 6 a.m., drinks water, takes a shower, has a breakfast, and goes to a work.
However, the apparatus for providing the context-aware service of the present embodiment applies a user's abnormal living pattern that the user takes a holiday due to a cold and gets up late up to 9 a.m.
The user is supposed to get up at 6 a.m. due to a thirsty as usual, drinks water in a kitchen, and go to sleep again.
The apparatus for providing the context-aware service of the present embodiment includes a time measurement sensor node for sensing time context at 6 a.m., a pressure sensor node for sensing a reduction of pressure of a bed, a first infrared ray sensor node for sensing a user's location movement from the bed to a living room, a second infrared ray sensor node for sensing a user's location movement from the living room to the kitchen, and a third infrared ray sensor node for sensing a user's location movement from the kitchen to the bed.
A sensor node 310 for collecting contextual information in a space where the user is resident includes the time measurement sensor node, the pressure sensor node, and the first through third infrared ray sensor nodes.
According to the contextual information sensed by the time measurement sensor node, the pressure sensor node, and the first infrared ray sensor node, the user got up. The user's daily living pattern is to provide a service of putting on an indoor lamp in a bathroom based on the collected contextual information.
Then, if the contextual information of the user's location movement is collected by the second and third infrared ray sensor nodes after 6 a.m., the user's daily living pattern is to provide a service of putting off an indoor lamp in the bed.
The user does not want a service of putting on the indoor lamp in the bathroom when the user takes the holiday due to the cold and gets up late up to 9 a.m.
A context inference engine 330 includes a rule based inference engine and an ontology based inference engine.
The rule based inference engine is aware of context that the user gets up when an indoor lamp is put on after 6 a.m. The user's daily living pattern is to provide a service of putting on the indoor lamps in the bathroom and a dressing room.
The ontology based inference engine is aware of context that the user gets up only when an indoor lamp is put on after 6 a.m. and a TV is turned on. The user's daily living pattern is to provide a service of putting on the lamps in the bathroom and the dressing room.
According to the ontology based inference engine, if the TV is not turned on, the service of putting on the lamps in the bathroom and the dressing room is not provided.
The user is provided with various service questions, such as 1) will you watch a TV?, 2) will you take a shower?, and 3) will you go to sleep again?, through a screen positioned on a table of the kitchen, and inputs contextual information "yes" in response to the question 3).
That is, a user interface unit 320 of the present embodiment receives the contextual information "will go to sleep again?" from the user.
A contextual information comparing unit 340 of the present embodiment may extract the more accurate contextual information sensed by the second and third infrared ray sensor nodes than the contextual information sensed by the time measurement sensor node, the pressure sensor node, and the first infrared ray sensor node, based on the contextual information input into the user interface unit 320.
The contextual information comparing unit 340 may extract the more accurate contextual information inferred by the ontology based inference engine than the contextual information inferred by the rule based inference engine.
The accurate contextual information extracted by the contextual information comparing unit 340 may be compared to the contextual information input into the user interface unit 320 and be displayed as values.
For example, if the contextual information extracted by the second and third infrared ray sensor nodes have accuracies of 70 % and 80 %, respectively, the apparatus for providing the context-aware service of the present embodiment provides personal services corresponding to the contextual information sensed and collected by the second and third infrared ray sensor nodes.
However, if the personal services corresponding to the contextual information sensed and collected by the second and third infrared ray sensor nodes are contradictory to each other, a personal service is provided based on the contextual information sensed and collected by the third infrared ray sensor node and having the highest accuracy.
That is, if the second infrared ray sensor node provides a service of putting on an indoor lamp, and the third infrared ray sensor node provides a service of putting off the indoor lamp, the personal service corresponding to the contextual information sensed and collected by the third infrared ray sensor node and having the highest accuracy is provided.
A service providing unit 350 of the apparatus for providing the context-aware service of the present embodiment provides a service of putting off an indoor lamp corresponding to the contextual information input into the user interface unit 320.
Further, before next contextual information is input into the user interface unit 320, personal services corresponding to contextual information newly obtained by the second and third infrared ray sensor nodes and having high accuracies are provided.
Further, before next contextual information is input into the user interface unit 320, a personal service corresponding to contextual information newly inferred by the ontology based inference engine rather than the rule based inference engine is provided.
The present invention can be used for a space monitoring system.

Claims (18)

  1. An apparatus for providing a context-aware service, the apparatus comprising:
    a plurality of sensor nodes for sensing environment contextual information and user contextual information by using a variety of sensing methods;
    a plurality of context inference engines for inferring the user contextual information by using a variety of inference methods;
    a user interface unit for receiving the user contextual information;
    a contextual information comparing unit for extracting an accuracy of environment contextual information and user contextual information of each of the plurality of sensor nodes and an accuracy of engine contextual information of each of the plurality of context inference engines based on the contextual information input into the user interface unit; and
    a service providing unit for providing a personal service corresponding to the contextual information input into the user interface unit, a personal service corresponding to the environment contextual information and the user contextual information sensed by the plurality of sensor nodes and having an accuracy greater than a reference value extracted by the contextual information comparing unit, or a personal service corresponding to the contextual information inferred by the plurality of context inference engines and having the accuracy greater than the reference value extracted by the contextual information comparing unit.
  2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the user interface unit receives the user contextual information irregularly.
  3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the contextual information comparing unit extracts the accuracy of environment contextual information and user contextual information of each of the plurality of sensor nodes and the accuracy of engine contextual information of each of the plurality of context inference engines whenever the user interface unit receives the user contextual information.
  4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the plurality of sensor nodes comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of a temperature detection sensor, a pressure sensor, a moisture sensor, an infrared ray sensor, and a weight sensor.
  5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the plurality of context inference engines comprises at least one of an ontology based inference engine and a rule based inference engine.
  6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the environment contextual information comprises a temperature, moisture, and an illumination brightness of a space for a ubiquitous environment.
  7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the plurality of sensor nodes senses time contextual information.
  8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, if a plurality of sensor nodes has the accuracy greater than the reference value, and the personal services corresponding to the environment contextual information and the user contextual information sensed by the plurality of sensor nodes and having the accuracy greater than the reference value are contradictory to each other, the service providing unit provides the personal service corresponding to the environment contextual information and the user contextual information sensed by the sensor node and having highest accuracy.
  9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, if a plurality of inference engines has the accuracy greater than the reference value, and the personal services corresponding to the contextual information inferred by the plurality of inference engines and having the accuracy greater than the reference value are contradictory to each other, the service providing unit provides the personal service corresponding to the contextual information inferred by the inference node and having highest accuracy.
  10. A method of providing a context-aware service, the method comprising:
    sensing environment contextual information and user contextual information by using a plurality of sensor nodes constructed by a variety of sensing methods;
    inferring the user contextual information by using a plurality of context inference engines through a variety of inference methods;
    inputting the user contextual information;
    extracting an accuracy of the sensed environment contextual information and user contextual information and an accuracy of the inferred engine contextual information based on the input user contextual information; and
    providing a personal service corresponding to the input contextual information, a personal service corresponding to the sensed environment contextual information and the user contextual information and having the extracted accuracy greater than a reference value, or a personal service corresponding to the inferred contextual information and having the extracted accuracy greater than the reference value.
  11. The method of claim 10, wherein the inputting of the user contextual information comprises: irregularly inputting the user contextual information.
  12. The method of claim 2, wherein the extracting of the accuracy comprises: extracting the accuracy of environment contextual information and user contextual information of each of the plurality of sensor nodes and the accuracy of engine contextual information of each of the plurality of context inference engines whenever the user contextual information is input.
  13. The method of claim 10, wherein the plurality of sensor nodes comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of a temperature detection sensor, a pressure sensor, a moisture sensor, an infrared ray sensor, and a weight sensor.
  14. The method of claim 10, wherein the plurality of context inference engines comprises at least one of an ontology based inference engine and a rule based inference engine.
  15. The method of claim 10, wherein the environment contextual information comprises a temperature, moisture, and an illumination brightness of a space for a ubiquitous environment.
  16. The method of claim 10, wherein the plurality of sensor nodes senses time contextual information.
  17. The method of claim 10, wherein the providing of the personal service comprises:, if a plurality of sensor nodes has the accuracy greater than the reference value, and the personal services corresponding to the environment contextual information and the user contextual information sensed by the plurality of sensor nodes and having the accuracy greater than the reference value are contradictory to each other, providing the personal service corresponding to the environment contextual information and the user contextual information sensed by the sensor node and having highest accuracy.
  18. The method of claim 10, wherein the providing of the personal service comprises:, if a plurality of inference engines has the accuracy greater than the reference value, and the personal services corresponding to the contextual information inferred by the plurality of inference engines and having the accuracy greater than the reference value are contradictory to each other, providing the personal service corresponding to the contextual information inferred by the inference node and having highest accuracy.
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