WO2011032376A1 - 电感性电抗器 - Google Patents

电感性电抗器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011032376A1
WO2011032376A1 PCT/CN2010/071438 CN2010071438W WO2011032376A1 WO 2011032376 A1 WO2011032376 A1 WO 2011032376A1 CN 2010071438 W CN2010071438 W CN 2010071438W WO 2011032376 A1 WO2011032376 A1 WO 2011032376A1
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Prior art keywords
magnetic
inductive reactor
core
coil
inductive
Prior art date
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PCT/CN2010/071438
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
廖洋
田质
Original Assignee
上海东沪电器自动化设备厂
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Publication date
Priority claimed from CN2009202089298U external-priority patent/CN201549894U/zh
Priority claimed from CN201010128604A external-priority patent/CN101807467A/zh
Application filed by 上海东沪电器自动化设备厂 filed Critical 上海东沪电器自动化设备厂
Priority to CN2010800412887A priority Critical patent/CN102792399A/zh
Publication of WO2011032376A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011032376A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F37/00—Fixed inductances not covered by group H01F17/00

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of power electronics, and more particularly to an inductive reactor. ⁇ Background technique ⁇
  • the high-order harmonic current generated by the non-linear load is fed back into the power grid, causing harmonic pollution to the power grid, thereby reducing the power supply efficiency of the power supply grid and destroying the power quality of the power supply of the power grid.
  • Inductive reactors can usually be connected in series on the live line of the user's electricity meter. Since the frequency of the carrier signal is usually high, the role of the inductive reactor is to prevent the clutter-to-carrier generated by all the appliances below the power meter end of the user. The interference of the frequency signal segment, on the one hand, also prevents the carrier signal from being short-circuited by the low impedance load of the user terminal. Or decay.
  • the inductive reactor disclosed in the prior art can function to filter out clutter in principle, it is found in the actual use that once the current through the inductive reactor increases to several tens of amperes, the prior art The inductive reactor in the process produces magnetic saturation and cannot function as a wave blocking, and the saturated inductive reactor itself generates new clutter, which is harmful to the purification of the power grid. As the number and power consumption of home appliances continue to increase, it is common for currents through the user's meter to reach tens of amps. Therefore, the magnetic saturation phenomenon of the prior art inductive reactor at a large current has become a major obstacle to its widespread application in the power grid.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an inductive reactor capable of avoiding magnetic saturation under a large current, so that it can be applied to a power grid.
  • the present invention provides an inductive reactor comprising a core, a coil surrounding the core, and a magnetic box enclosing the coil, the number of the magnetic boxes being at least two, sequentially along the longitudinal axis of the core Stacked, the core is made of a magnetically resistant material.
  • the core material has a relative magnetic permeability of not more than 1.
  • the material of the core is copper or engineering plastic.
  • the winding used in the coil has a DC resistance of no more than 0.002 ohms and an inductance greater than 25 microhenries.
  • the inductive reactor further includes a casing for accommodating the magnetic box, and the size of the casing cooperates with the size of the leakage protector installed in the power grid to facilitate the inductive reactor Installed adjacent to the leakage protector.
  • the invention has the advantages that the structure of the sealed magnetic box is used, and the magnetic flux is not generated to the outside under the rated power frequency and large current excitation state, the purpose is to avoid the occurrence of magnetic saturation phenomenon, and the occurrence of magnetic leakage due to the outside world is not caused. Electromagnetic interference.
  • the invention also adopts a diamagnetic material as a partial core medium, further avoids a coupling magnetic field generated in the core body and magnetic saturation occurs under a large current. Combining the above two points, the inductive reactor disclosed in the present invention can effectively avoid Magnetic saturation occurs at high currents A wide range of reactance linearity.
  • FIG. 1 is an exploded view of an inductive reactor according to the embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the components shown in FIG. 1 after being combined
  • FIG. 1 is an exploded view of the inductive reactor 10 of the present embodiment
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the inductive reactor 10 after the combination of the components shown in FIG.
  • the inductive reactor 10 includes: a core 110; a coil 120 surrounding the core 110 and a magnetic cartridge 130 enclosing the coil 120.
  • There are two magnetic boxes in the embodiment which are magnetic boxes 131 and 132 respectively. In other embodiments, more magnetic boxes may be included, and more magnetic boxes should be disposed in the magnetic boxes 131 and 132. Between these, they are stacked along the axial direction of the core 110.
  • the inductive reactor 10 further includes annular loop-fit coil sleeves 191 and 192 which are made of an insulating material and are fastened to each other and mounted between the coil 120 and the magnetic box 130 to isolate the two.
  • the inductive reactor 10 further includes a nut 111 mated with the core 110, which are screwed to each other to fix the magnetic cartridge 130 and the coil 120.
  • the present embodiment designs the magnetic cartridge 130 into two magnetic cases 131 and 132 stacked on each other.
  • a current is passed through the coil 120, a coupling magnetic field is formed in the magnetic cartridge 130.
  • the magnetic cartridge 130 includes two magnetizations 131 and 132 stacked on each other, magnetic flux leakage occurs between the two to prevent magnetic generation. Saturated phenomenon.
  • the technical solution proposed by the specific embodiment further improves the material of the core 110.
  • the material of the core 110 used in the manner is a diamagnetic material.
  • the diamagnetic material refers to a substance that cannot be magnetized in a magnetic field.
  • the diamagnetic material used in the core 110 should be a substance having a relative magnetic permeability of not more than 1, such as gold, silver, copper, lead or engineering plastics, especially copper and engineering.
  • Plastics are inexpensive and easy to process and are preferred materials for the core 110.
  • the so-called engineering plastics are usually polyamide (also known as nylon, abbreviated as PA), polyoxymethylene (POM), polycarbonate (PC), modified polyphenylene ether (PPO, also abbreviated as PPE) and polyester (PBT and PET) is a general term for several plastics.
  • the magnetic cassettes 131 and 132 are preferably made of a high-frequency ferrite alloy material, which can improve the magnetic saturation resistance of the reactor 10 at a large current.
  • the coil used in the coil 120 has a DC resistance of no more than 0.002 ohms and an inductance greater than 25 microhenries.
  • the inductive reactor 10 further includes a housing for housing the magnetic cartridge.
  • 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of an inductive reactor 10 having a housing 180 on which a coil holder 170 and two fastening screws 171 and 172 are further mounted. The two joints of the coil 120 of the inductive reactor 10 are caught in the wiring holes of the coil holder 170, and are clamped by the fastening screws 171 and 172.
  • the coil deck 170 further includes an interface (not shown) that is externally coupled. Therefore, after the inductive reactor 10 is equipped with the outer casing 180, it can be installed in an office for use, for example, in series on the live line of the user's electric meter.
  • the outer casing 180 is preferably sized so that the installation of the inductive reactor 10 does not occupy an already small space. It is designed to match the size of the leakage protector installed in the power grid, that is, the length and width of the outer casing 180 are the same as the leakage protector, so that it can be installed adjacent to the leakage protector.
  • the material of the coil wire is an enamelled copper wire having a diameter of 3 mm, a total of 6 turns, and a coil diameter of 350 mm.
  • a coil sleeve made of nylon is used outside the coil.
  • the magnetic box outside the sleeve is two upper and lower separated.
  • the inner diameter of the magnetic ring is 86 mm and the outer radius is 210 mm. It is made of high frequency ferrite alloy material.
  • the core is made of nylon and has a diameter of 5 mm. Blocking wave for the above structure A large current test showed that no saturation was observed with 100 amps of current.
  • the following table shows the test results of the AC high current test for the above inductors.

Description

电感性电抗器
【技术领域】
本发明涉及电力电子领域， 尤其涉及一种电感性电抗器。 【背景技术】
随着国民经济的快速发展，智能化电网对低压电网的用电管理提出了更高 的要求。低压电力线上的载波通信已经越来越多的在电网中普遍应用了。经过 不断的研究试验利用现代科技实现低压电网用电管理的现代化、 自动化已经成 为智能电网的重要组成部分。 目前， 低压电力线上载波通信的主要用途之一是 实现对用户的远程抄表。通过在用户的电表上加装专用的芯片， 将用户电表中 的数据通过电力线以载波的方式传输到电力部门的数据中心，从而获得用户电 表中存储的信息。 这种应用避免了传统的 "挨门挨户"的抄表方式， 节约了大 量的人力， 提高了电力部门的工作效率。
但是大量新型用电器的接入不但给低压电网造成了严重的杂波干扰，而且 在电网上形成了许许多多低阻抗点，这些随处可见的低阻抗点使载波的传输一 直处在阻抗不匹配状态， 导致载波在传输过程中的急剧衰落。 具体地说， 当电 网提供给负载电源工作的过程中， 由于负载中存在非线性器件而产生高次谐波 电流。 负载的非线性阻抗的特性会表现出在某一频点上呈极低阻抗， 在这一频 点上， 严重衰减了载波信号增益。 同时由非线性负载产生的高次谐波电流反馈 到电网中， 引起对电网的谐波污染， 从而降低了供电电网的供电效率， 破坏了 电网供电电能质量。
为了解决这一问题，人们提出了采用与电表串联的电感性电抗器对电网中 的杂波实施阻隔， 避免其对有意义的载波信号产生干扰。 电感性电抗器通常可 以串接在用户电表的火线上， 由于载波信号的频率通常较高， 因此采用电感性 电抗器的作用一方面在于阻止用户电能表端以下的所有电器产生的杂波对载 波频率信号段的干扰，一方面也在于阻止载波信号被用户端的低阻抗负载短路 或者衰减。 关于现有技术中的电感性电抗器结构， 可以参考申请号为
CN02266518和 CN200820030407的中国专利申请。
现有技术中所揭露的电感性电抗器虽然从原理上可以起到滤去杂波的作 用， 但实际使用过程中发现， 一旦经过电感性电抗器的电流增大到数十安培， 现有技术中的电感性电抗器便产生了磁饱和现象而无法起到阻波的作用，并且 饱和后的电感性电抗器本身又会产生新杂波， 对净化电网非但无益反而有害。 随着家用电器的数量和功耗不断增加，经过用户电表的电流达到几十安培是很 常见的现象。因此现有技术中的电感性电抗器在大电流下的磁饱和现象已经成 为了阻碍其在电网中广泛应用的最大障碍。
【发明内容】
本发明所要解决的技术问题是， 提供一种电感性电抗器， 能够避免在大电 流下发生磁饱和现象， 使其能够应用在电网中。
为了解决上述问题， 本发明提供了一种电感性电抗器， 包括芯体、 围绕芯 体的线圈以及包裹线圈的磁盒， 磁盒的数目至少为两个， 沿着芯体纵轴的方向 依次堆叠放置， 所述芯体采用抗磁饱和性材料制成。
作为可选的技术方案， 所述芯体材料的相对磁导率不大于 1。
作为可选的技术方案， 所述芯体的材料是铜或者工程塑料。
作为可选的技术方案，所述线圈所采用的绕线的直流电阻不大于 0.002欧 姆， 并且电感量大于 25微亨。
作为可选的技术方案，所述电感性电抗器进一步包括一用于容置磁盒的外 壳， 所述外壳的尺寸与安装于电网中的漏电保护器的尺寸相互配合， 以便于电 感性电抗器同漏电保护器相邻安装。
本发明的优点在于，采用密闭磁盒的结构，在额定工频大电流励磁状态下， 对外界不产生漏磁， 目的在于避免发生磁饱和现象的同时， 对外界不会产生因 漏磁而引起的电磁干扰。本发明还采用了抗磁性材料作为部分芯体介质， 进一 步避免芯体中产生耦合磁场并在大电流下发生磁饱和， 综合以上两点， 本发明 所揭露的电感性电抗器器能够有效地避免在大电流下发生磁饱和现象，从而获 得很宽的电抗线性范围。
【附图说明】
附图 1所示是本发明所述具体实施方式中电感性电抗器的分解图； 附图 2是附图 1所示各个部件组合之后的立体示意图；
附图 3是附图 2所示电感性电抗器与外壳组合之后的结构示意图； 附图 4是本发明实施例中所述电抗器的测试曲线。
【具体实施方式】
下面结合附图对本发明提供的电感性电抗器的具体实施方式做详细说明。 附图 1所示是本具体实施方式所述电感性电抗器 10的分解图， 附图 2是 附图 1所示的各个部件组合之后的电感性电抗器 10的立体示意图。 所述电感 性电抗器 10包括： 芯体 110; 围绕芯体 110的线圈 120以及包裹线圈 120的磁 盒 130。 本具体实施方式中的磁盒为两个， 分别是磁盒 131与 132， 在其他的 具体实施方式中， 还可以包括更多的磁盒， 更多的磁盒应当设置在磁盒 131与 132之间， 沿着芯体 110的轴向方向堆叠设置。
所述电感性电抗器 10进一步包括环形的相互扣合的线圈套筒 191与 192， 采用绝缘材料制成， 相互扣合后安装在线圈 120和磁盒 130之间， 将两者隔离 起来。
所述电感性电抗器 10还包括与芯体 110配套的螺母 111，两者相互螺接以 固定磁盒 130和线圈 120。
为了避免电感性电抗器在大电流下发生磁饱和， 本具体实施方式将磁盒 130设计成两个相互堆叠在一起的磁盒 131与 132。 在线圈 120中有电流通过 时，会在磁盒 130中形成耦合磁场，由于磁盒 130包括两个相互堆叠的磁化 131 与 132， 因此在两者之间会产生漏磁， 目的在于避免发生磁饱和现象。
而进一步实验表明， 这种设计并不能够完全避免电感性电抗器 10在大电 流下的磁饱和， 因此本具体实施方式所提出的技术方案进一步对芯体 110的材 料进行了改进。 为了避免在大电流的情况下芯体 110发生磁饱和， 本具体实施 方式所采用的芯体 110的材料是抗磁性物质。 所谓抗磁性物质， 是指在磁场中 不能够被磁化的物质， 采用这种物质作为芯体 110的材料， 可以避免芯体 110 在线圈 120通过大电流的情况下发生磁饱和。作为对抗磁性物质的进一步量化 描述， 所述芯体 110所采用的抗磁性物质应当是相对磁导率不大于 1的物质， 例如金、 银、 铜、 铅或者工程塑料等， 尤其是铜和工程塑料价格低廉且易于加 工， 是芯体 110所采用的优选材料。 所谓工程塑料通常是聚酰胺 (又称尼龙， 缩写为 PA)、聚甲醛 (POM)、聚碳酸酯 (PC)、改性聚苯醚 (PPO,也有缩写为 PPE 的)和聚酯 (PBT和 PET)等几种塑料的统称。
所属磁盒 131与 132优选采用高频铁氧体合金材料制成，可以提高电抗器 10在大电流下的抗磁饱和性能。
所述线圈 120所采用的绕线的直流电阻不大于 0.002欧姆， 并且电感量大 于 25微亨。
进一步地， 所述电感性电抗器 10还包括一用于容置磁盒的外壳。 附图 3 所示为带有外壳 180的电感性电抗器 10结构示意图， 外壳 180上进一步安装 了线圈卡座 170和两个紧固螺丝 171和 172。电感性电抗器 10的线圈 120的两 个接头卡入线圈卡座 170的接线孔中， 并通过紧固螺丝 171和 172卡紧。线圈 卡座 170进一步包括同外部连接的接口 （图中未示出）。 因此， 电感性电抗器 10配上外壳 180之后，便可以安装在工作场合进行使用，例如串联在用户电表 的火线上。由于电表通常都安装在很小的空间内，各种组件的安放都非常紧凑， 为了使电感性电抗器 10的安装不会占用本来就很狭小的空间， 因此所述外壳 180的尺寸最好能够设计成与安装于电网中的漏电保护器的尺寸相互配合， 即 外壳 180的长宽和漏电保护器相同， 这样就可以和漏电保护器相邻安装。 接下来给出本发明的一个实施例。
本实施例所述电感性电抗器中，线圈导线的材料为漆包铜线，直径 3 毫米， 共绕 6 匝， 线圈直径 350毫米。线圈之外采用尼龙制成线圈套筒。套筒外的磁 盒为上下分离的两个， 磁环的内半径 86毫米， 外半径 210毫米， 采用高频铁 氧体合金材料材料制成。 芯体采用尼龙制成， 直径 5毫米。 对上述结构的阻波 器进行大电流测试表明， 在通过 100安培电流的情况下， 仍然未观察到饱和现 象。下表是对上述电感做交流大电流测试的测试结果。测试在相同条件下重复 进行六次， 因此在每个电流值下都获得了对应的六个电压值， 最终将六个电压 值取算术平均为最终的电压值。采用电流为纵坐标， 对应的电压为横坐标绘制 曲线图， 如附图 4所示， 可见本实施例所给出的电感性电抗器， 在 100A的大 电流下仍未出现饱和迹象。
Figure imgf000007_0001
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式， 应当指出， 对于本技术领域的普通 技术人员， 在不脱离本发明原理的前提下， 还可以做出若干改进和润饰， 这些 改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1. 一种电感性电抗器， 包括芯体、 围绕芯体的线圈以及包裹线圈的磁盒， 其 特征在于， 磁盒的数目至少为两个， 沿着芯体纵轴的方向依次堆叠放置， 所述芯体采用抗磁饱和性材料制成。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的电感性电抗器， 其特征在于， 所述芯体材料的相对 磁导率不大于 1。
3. 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的电感性电抗器， 其特征在于， 所述芯体的材料 是铜或者工程塑料。
4. 根据权利要求 1所述的电感性电抗器， 其特征在于， 所述线圈所采用的绕 线的直流电阻不大于 0.002欧姆， 并且电感量大于 25微亨。
5. 根据权利要求 1所述的电感性电抗器， 其特征在于， 所述电感性电抗器进 一步包括一用于容置磁盒的外壳， 所述外壳的尺寸与安装于电网中的漏电 保护器的尺寸相互配合， 以便于电感性电抗器同漏电保护器相邻安装。
PCT/CN2010/071438 2009-09-18 2010-03-30 电感性电抗器 WO2011032376A1 (zh)

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CN200920208929.8 2009-09-18
CN2009202089298U CN201549894U (zh) 2009-09-18 2009-09-18 一种电网谐波抑制器
CN201010128604A CN101807467A (zh) 2010-03-19 2010-03-19 电感性电抗器
CN201010128604.6 2010-03-19

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