WO2011031068A2 - Method for controlling the speed of an electric automobile depending on the state of charge of the vehicle's battery - Google Patents

Method for controlling the speed of an electric automobile depending on the state of charge of the vehicle's battery Download PDF

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WO2011031068A2
WO2011031068A2 PCT/KR2010/006130 KR2010006130W WO2011031068A2 WO 2011031068 A2 WO2011031068 A2 WO 2011031068A2 KR 2010006130 W KR2010006130 W KR 2010006130W WO 2011031068 A2 WO2011031068 A2 WO 2011031068A2
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battery
less
cell
vehicle
vehicle speed
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French (fr)
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WO2011031068A3 (en
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이정용
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주식회사 레오모터스
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L15/00Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/20Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
    • B60L15/2036Electric differentials, e.g. for supporting steering vehicles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L15/00Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/10Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for automatic control superimposed on human control to limit the acceleration of the vehicle, e.g. to prevent excessive motor current
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/12Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64Electric machine technologies in electromobility
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72Electric energy management in electromobility

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for controlling the speed of an electric automobile depending on the state of charge of the vehicle's battery, comprising the steps of: identifying the magnitudes of the voltages of each of the cells of the battery, which consists of a plurality of cells; deciding whether the magnitude of the voltage of at least one of the plurality of cells is below a reference value; and effecting control such that the maximum value of the vehicle speed is no higher than a preset figure if the results of the decision show that the voltage of any of the cells is below the reference value.

Description

전기자동차의 배터리 충전상태에 따른 차량속도 제어방법Vehicle speed control method according to battery charging state of electric vehicle
본 발명은 전기에너지를 이용하는 자동차에 관한 것으로, 더욱 상세하게는 배터리 팩을 구성하는 각 셀의 충전상태에 따라 차량속도를 제어할 수 있도록 한 전기자동차의 배터리 충전상태에 따른 차량속도 제어방법에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a vehicle using electric energy, and more particularly, to a vehicle speed control method according to a battery charge state of an electric vehicle to control the vehicle speed according to the state of charge of each cell constituting the battery pack. will be.
가솔린이나 중유를 주연료로 사용하는 내연 엔진을 이용하는 자동차는 대기오염 등 공해발생에 심각한 영향을 주고 있다. 따라서 최근에는 공해발생을 줄이기 위하여, 전기 자동차 또는 하이브리드(Hybrid) 자동차의 개발에 많은 노력을 기울이고 있다.Automobiles using internal combustion engines that use gasoline or heavy oil as their main fuels have serious effects on pollution, such as air pollution. Therefore, in recent years, in order to reduce the occurrence of pollution, much efforts have been made in the development of electric vehicles or hybrid vehicles.
전기 자동차는 배터리(battery)에서 출력되는 전기에너지에 의해 동작하는 배터리 엔진을 이용하는 자동차이다. 이러한 전기 자동차는 충방전이 가능한 다수의 2차 전지(cell)가 하나의 팩(pack)으로 형성된 배터리를 주동력원으로 이용하기 때문에 배기가스가 전혀 없으며 소음이 아주 작은 장점이 있다. An electric vehicle is a vehicle using a battery engine operated by electric energy output from a battery. Such an electric vehicle uses no battery as a main power source because a plurality of secondary cells capable of charging and discharging are used as a pack has no exhaust gas and has a very small noise.
한편, 하이브리드 자동차라 함은 내연 엔진을 이용하는 자동차와 전기 자동차의 중간 단계의 자동차로서, 두 가지 이상의 동력원, 예컨대 내연 엔진 및 배터리 엔진을 사용하는 자동차이다. 현재에는, 내연 엔진과 수소와 산소를 연속적으로 공급하면서 화학반응을 일으켜 직접 전기 에너지를 얻는 연료 전지를 이용하거나, 배터리와 연료 전지를 이용하는 등 혼합된 형태의 하이브리드 자동차가 개발되고 있다. A hybrid vehicle, on the other hand, is an intermediate vehicle between an automobile using an internal combustion engine and an electric vehicle, and a vehicle using two or more power sources such as an internal combustion engine and a battery engine. At present, a hybrid vehicle of a hybrid type has been developed, such as using a fuel cell that directly generates an electric energy by chemical reaction while continuously supplying an internal combustion engine and hydrogen and oxygen, or uses a battery and a fuel cell.
이와 같이 전기 에너지를 이용하는 자동차는 배터리의 성능이 자동차의 성능에 직접적인 영향을 미치므로, 각 전지 셀의 성능이 뛰어나야 할 뿐만 아니라 각 전지 셀의 전압, 전체 배터리의 전압 및 전류를 측정하여 각 전지 셀의 충방전을 효율적으로 관리할 수 있는 배터리 관리 시스템(Battery Managament System, 이하 BMS)이 절실히 요구되는 실정이다. As such, the vehicle using electric energy has a direct effect on the performance of the battery. Therefore, the performance of each battery cell must be excellent, and each battery cell is measured by measuring the voltage of each battery cell and the voltage and current of the entire battery. The battery management system (BMS) that can efficiently manage the charging and discharging of the (BMS) is urgently required.
이러한 배터리 관리 시스템은 각 배터리 셀에 대해서 미리 지정된 용인 가능한 범위 내에서 전압이 분포하도록 전압 불균형을 수정하는 "셀 밸런싱"을 수행한다. 그러나, 이러한 셀 밸런싱에 더하여 각 셀 전압의 크기에 따라 차량속도를 제어하도록 구성한다면, 배터리의 방전으로 인하여 불측의 사고를 미연에 방지할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 연비개선의 효과를 극대화시킬 수 있는 것이다.This battery management system performs " cell balancing " to correct the voltage imbalance so that the voltage is distributed within a predetermined acceptable range for each battery cell. However, if the vehicle speed is configured to control the vehicle speed according to the size of each cell voltage in addition to such cell balancing, it is possible not only to prevent accidents due to the discharge of the battery, but also to maximize the effect of fuel efficiency.
본 발명은 상기와 같은 필요성에 의해 안출된 것으로, 본 발명의 목적은 배터리 충전상태에 따라 차량속도를 자동으로 제어할 수 있도록 하여서 배터리 방전을 미연에 방지할 수 있고 배터리 전압이 작은 경우에도 장시간 주행이 가능하도록 하는 전기자동차의 배터리 충전상태에 따라 차량속도 제어방법을 제공하고자 하는 것이다.The present invention has been made by the necessity as described above, the object of the present invention is to be able to automatically control the vehicle speed in accordance with the state of charge of the battery to prevent the battery discharge in advance, even when the battery voltage is low running long It is to provide a vehicle speed control method according to the state of charge of the battery of the electric vehicle to enable this.
상기 목적을 달성하기 위한 본 발명은 복수의 셀로 이루어진 배터리의 각 셀의 전압의 크기를 식별하는 단계; 상기 복수의 셀들 중 적어도 하나의 셀 전압의 크기가 기준치 미만인지를 판별하는 단계; 및 상기 판별결과 어느 하나의 셀 전압이 기준치 미만인 경우 차량 속도의 최대치가 설정값 이하로 되도록 제어하는 단계;를 포함하여 이루어진 것을 특징으로 한다.The present invention for achieving the above object comprises the steps of identifying the magnitude of the voltage of each cell of the battery consisting of a plurality of cells; Determining whether a magnitude of at least one cell voltage among the plurality of cells is less than a reference value; And controlling the maximum value of the vehicle speed to be less than or equal to the set value when any one of the cell voltages is less than the reference value as a result of the determination.
상기 복수의 셀들의 모든 셀 전압의 합이 기준치 미만인지를 판별하는 단계;를 더 구비하고, 상기 설정값을 제1설정값과 그 제1설정값보다 작은 제2설정값으로 분류하여서, 상기 모든 셀 전압의 합이 기준치 미만인 경우에, 상기 차량 속도의 최대치가 상기 제2설정값 이하로 되도록 제어하고, 상기 모든 셀 전압의 합이 기준치 이상인 경우에, 상기 차량 속도의 최대치가 상기 제1설정값 이하로 되도록 제어하는 것이 바람직하다.Determining whether the sum of all cell voltages of the plurality of cells is less than a reference value; classifying the set value into a first set value and a second set value smaller than the first set value, thereby all When the sum of the cell voltages is less than the reference value, the maximum value of the vehicle speed is controlled to be equal to or less than the second set value, and when the sum of all the cell voltages is equal to or more than the reference value, the maximum value of the vehicle speed is the first set value. It is preferable to control so that it may become the following.
상기 판별결과 어느 하나의 셀 전압이 기준치 미만인 경우에 사용자에게 경고메세지를 송출시키는 단계;를 더 구비하는 것이 바람직하다.And sending a warning message to the user when any one cell voltage is less than the reference value as a result of the determination.
상술한 바와 같은 구성을 가지는 전기자동차의 배터리 충전상태에 따른 차량속도 제어방법은 배터리 충전상태에 따라 차량속도를 자동으로 제어할 수 있도록 구성됨으로써, 배터리 방전으로 인한 불측의 피해를 미연에 방지할 수 있고 연비개선의 효과를 극대화시킬 수 있는 장점을 가진다.The vehicle speed control method according to the state of charge of the battery of the electric vehicle having the above-described configuration is configured to automatically control the vehicle speed according to the state of charge of the battery, thereby preventing inadvertent damage due to battery discharge. It has the advantage of maximizing the effect of fuel economy.
도 1은 본 발명의 일실시예에 따른 전기자동차의 배터리 충전상태에 따른 차량속도 제어방법의 제어흐름도.1 is a control flow diagram of a vehicle speed control method according to a battery charging state of an electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
도 2는 본 발명에 의한 다른 실시예에 따른 전기자동차의 배터리 충전상태에 따른 차량속도 제어방법의 제어흐름도.2 is a control flow diagram of a vehicle speed control method according to a battery charging state of an electric vehicle according to another embodiment of the present invention.
이하에서는 본 발명의 일실시예에 따른 전기자동차의 배터리 충전상태에 따른 차량속도 제어방법을 첨부된 도면을 참조하여 상세하게 설명하기로 한다.Hereinafter, a vehicle speed control method according to a battery charging state of an electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
도 1은 본 발명의 일실시예에 따른 전기자동차의 배터리 충전상태에 따른 차량속도 제어방법의 제어흐름도이다. 1 is a control flowchart of a vehicle speed control method according to a battery charging state of an electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
이 도면에 도시된 바와 같이, 본 발명에 의한 전기자동차의 배터리 충전상태에 따른 차량속도 제어방법은, 배터리 팩을 구성하는 복수의 셀의 전압의 크기를 각각 식별하고, 상기 복수의 셀들 중 적어도 하나의 셀 전압의 크기가 기준치 미만인지를 판별하며, 그 판별결과 어느 하나의 셀전압이 기준치 미만인 경우 차량 속도의 최대치가 설정값 이하로 되도록 구성된다.As shown in this figure, the vehicle speed control method according to the state of charge of the battery of the electric vehicle according to the present invention, respectively identifying the magnitude of the voltage of the plurality of cells constituting the battery pack, at least one of the plurality of cells It is determined whether the magnitude of the cell voltage is less than the reference value, and if the cell voltage is less than the reference value, the maximum value of the vehicle speed is less than the set value.
여기서, 상기 기준치는 예컨대 각 셀의 최대전압의 50%에 해당하는 값 등으로 설정이 가능하고, 상기 설정값은 차량의 최대속도의 50%에 해당하는 값 등으로 설정이 가능하다. Here, the reference value may be set to, for example, a value corresponding to 50% of the maximum voltage of each cell, and the set value may be set to a value corresponding to 50% of the maximum speed of the vehicle.
이와 같이, 본 발명에 의하면, 각 셀의 전압의 크기가 기준치 미만인 경우에 차량속도를 자동으로 제어할 수 있도록 구성되어서, 효율적인 배터리 소모를 가능하게 하여 연비개선의 효과를 극대화시킬 수 있고 자동차 주행 중 배터리 방전으로 인한 불측의 사고를 미연에 방지할 수 있는 것이다.Thus, according to the present invention, when the voltage level of each cell is less than the reference value is configured to automatically control the vehicle speed, it is possible to maximize the effect of fuel efficiency improvement by enabling efficient battery consumption and driving a car It is possible to prevent accidents caused by battery discharge in advance.
본 실시예는, 상기 어느 하나의 셀 전압이 기준치 미만인 경우에 차량속도를 제어함에 더하여 사용자에게 경고메시지를 송출시키도록 구성되어 있다. 이러한 실시예에 의하면, 사용자에게 배터리 방전에 대한 경고를 함으로써 차량속도가 제한됨을 알리고 사용자가 연비를 고려한 운행을 할 수 있도록 세심한 주의를 하게 한다.This embodiment is configured to send a warning message to the user in addition to controlling the vehicle speed when any one of the cell voltages is lower than the reference value. According to this embodiment, the warning about the battery discharge to the user to inform that the vehicle speed is limited and careful attention to allow the user to drive in consideration of fuel economy.
한편, 도 2는 본 발명에 의한 다른 실시예에 따른 전기자동차의 배터리 충전상태에 따른 차량속도 제어방법의 제어흐름도이다.On the other hand, Figure 2 is a control flow diagram of the vehicle speed control method according to the battery charging state of the electric vehicle according to another embodiment of the present invention.
이 도면에 도시된 실시예는, 복수의 셀들 중 어느 하나의 셀전압의 크기가 기준치 미만인지 여부를 판별하는 단계 이외에 모든 셀전압의 합이 기준치 미만인지 여부를 판별하는 단계를 더 구비한다.The embodiment shown in this figure further includes determining whether the sum of all cell voltages is less than the reference value in addition to determining whether the magnitude of any one of the plurality of cells is less than the reference value.
예컨대, 각 셀의 최대전압이 4.5V이고 셀의 개수가 13인 경우에 모든 셀전압의 합은 58.5V이다. 여기서, 기준치를 상기 셀전압의 합의 50%에 해당하는 값으로 설정한 경우에, 본 실시예는 모든 셀전압의 합이 29.25V 미만인지 여부를 판별하게 된다.For example, when the maximum voltage of each cell is 4.5V and the number of cells is 13, the sum of all cell voltages is 58.5V. In this case, when the reference value is set to a value corresponding to 50% of the sum of the cell voltages, the present embodiment determines whether the sum of all cell voltages is less than 29.25V.
판별결과, 상기 어느 하나의 셀전압이 4.5V의 50%에 해당하는 2.25V 미만이면서 모든 셀전압의 합이 29.25V 미만인 경우에는 차량속도 최대치가 제2설정값 이하로 되도록 제어하고, 상기 어느 하나의 셀전압이 2.25V 미만이나 모든 셀전압의 합은 29.25V 이상인 경우에는 차량속도 최대치가 상기 제2설정값보다 큰 제1설정값 이하로 되도록 제어한다. As a result of the determination, when the cell voltage is less than 2.25V corresponding to 50% of 4.5V and the sum of all the cell voltages is less than 29.25V, the vehicle speed is controlled to be equal to or less than the second set value. If the cell voltage is less than 2.25V but the sum of all the cell voltages is 29.25V or more, the vehicle speed is controlled to be equal to or less than the first set value greater than the second set value.
즉, 본 실시예는 어느 하나의 셀전압의 크기와 모든 셀전압의 합이 각각 기준치 미만인부를 판별하여서, 배터리의 충전상태에 따라 더욱 효율적인 배터리 사용을 가능하게 하여 앞에서 설명한 실시예에 비해 연비개선의 효과를 더욱 극대화시킬 수 있게 된다. That is, the present embodiment determines whether the sum of any one cell voltage and the sum of all cell voltages is less than the reference value, thereby enabling more efficient battery use according to the state of charge of the battery, thereby improving fuel efficiency compared to the above-described embodiment. The effect can be further maximized.
이상, 본 발명에 대한 바람직한 실시예들을 설명하였으나, 본 발명은 위에서 설명된 실시예들에 한정되지 않고 청구범위에 기재된 바에 의해 정의되며 본 발명이 속하는 기술분야에서 다양한 변형과 개작을 할 수 있음은 자명하다. As mentioned above, although preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments but is defined by the claims, and various modifications and adaptations can be made in the technical field to which the present invention belongs. Self-explanatory

Claims (3)

  1. 복수의 셀로 이루어진 배터리의 각 셀의 전압의 크기를 식별하는 단계;Identifying the magnitude of the voltage of each cell of the battery consisting of a plurality of cells;
    상기 복수의 셀들 중 적어도 하나의 셀 전압의 크기가 기준치 미만인지를 판별하는 단계; 및Determining whether a magnitude of at least one cell voltage among the plurality of cells is less than a reference value; And
    상기 판별결과 어느 하나의 셀 전압이 기준치 미만인 경우 차량 속도의 최대치가 설정값 이하로 되도록 제어하는 단계;를 포함하여 이루어진 것을 특징으로 하는 전기자동차의 배터리 충전상태에 따른 차량속도 제어방법.And controlling the maximum value of the vehicle speed to be less than or equal to the set value when any cell voltage is less than the reference value as a result of the determination.
  2. 제1항에 있어서,The method of claim 1,
    상기 복수의 셀들의 모든 셀 전압의 합이 기준치 미만인지를 판별하는 단계;를 더 구비하고, 상기 설정값을 제1설정값과 그 제1설정값보다 작은 제2설정값으로 분류하여서,Determining whether the sum of all cell voltages of the plurality of cells is less than a reference value; classifying the set value into a first set value and a second set value smaller than the first set value,
    상기 모든 셀 전압의 합이 기준치 미만인 경우에, 상기 차량 속도의 최대치가 상기 제2설정값 이하로 되도록 제어하고, If the sum of all the cell voltages is less than a reference value, the maximum value of the vehicle speed is controlled to be equal to or less than the second set value,
    상기 모든 셀 전압의 합이 기준치 이상인 경우에, 상기 차량 속도의 최대치가 상기 제1설정값 이하로 되도록 제어하는 것을 특징으로 하는 전기자동차의 배터리 충전상태에 따른 차량속도 제어방법.And when the sum of all the cell voltages is equal to or greater than a reference value, controlling the maximum value of the vehicle speed to be equal to or less than the first set value.
  3. 제1항 또는 제2항에 있어서,The method according to claim 1 or 2,
    상기 판별결과 어느 하나의 셀 전압이 기준치 미만인 경우에 사용자에게 경고메세지를 송출시키는 단계;를 더 구비하는 것을 특징으로 하는 전기자동차의 배터리 충전상태에 따른 차량속도 제어방법.And transmitting a warning message to a user when one cell voltage is less than a reference value as a result of the determination.
PCT/KR2010/006130 2009-09-14 2010-09-09 Method for controlling the speed of an electric automobile depending on the state of charge of the vehicle's battery WO2011031068A2 (en)

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