WO2011028258A2 - Techniques et systèmes de prise en charge du transfert intercellulaire pour au moins deux réseaux de services d'accès radio différents dans des télécommunications sans fil - Google Patents

Techniques et systèmes de prise en charge du transfert intercellulaire pour au moins deux réseaux de services d'accès radio différents dans des télécommunications sans fil Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011028258A2
WO2011028258A2 PCT/US2010/002343 US2010002343W WO2011028258A2 WO 2011028258 A2 WO2011028258 A2 WO 2011028258A2 US 2010002343 W US2010002343 W US 2010002343W WO 2011028258 A2 WO2011028258 A2 WO 2011028258A2
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
asn
handover
cell
network
private
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PCT/US2010/002343
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English (en)
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WO2011028258A3 (fr
Inventor
Jianquan Song
Tricci So
Wen Luo
Li Chu
Yangwei Tu
Junsheng Chu
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Zte (Usa) Inc.
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Publication of WO2011028258A2 publication Critical patent/WO2011028258A2/fr
Publication of WO2011028258A3 publication Critical patent/WO2011028258A3/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
    • H04W36/14—Reselecting a network or an air interface
    • H04W36/142—Reselecting a network or an air interface over the same radio air interface technology
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W48/00—Access restriction; Network selection; Access point selection
    • H04W48/16—Discovering, processing access restriction or access information
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W84/00—Network topologies
    • H04W84/02—Hierarchically pre-organised networks, e.g. paging networks, cellular networks, WLAN [Wireless Local Area Network] or WLL [Wireless Local Loop]
    • H04W84/04—Large scale networks; Deep hierarchical networks
    • H04W84/042—Public Land Mobile systems, e.g. cellular systems
    • H04W84/045—Public Land Mobile systems, e.g. cellular systems using private Base Stations, e.g. femto Base Stations, home Node B

Definitions

  • This patent document relates to wireless communication systems.
  • Wireless communication systems can include a network of one or more base stations to communicate with one or more wireless devices such as a mobile device, cell phone, wireless air card, mobile station (MS), user equipment (UE), access terminal (AT), or subscriber station (SS).
  • a base station emits radio signals that carry data such as voice data and other data content to wireless devices.
  • Such a base stations can be referred to as an access point (AP) and can be included as part of an access network (AN) for one or more wireless devices.
  • a wireless communication system can include one or more access networks to control one or more base stations.
  • Radio coverage of the base stations can be limited under certain circumstances.
  • An extension base station can be implemented to extend the coverage of the base stations and such an extension base station is often referred to as a femtocell base station (FBS) or Femto Access Point (FAP).
  • FBS femtocell base station
  • FAP Femto Access Point
  • a FAP is used to provide radio coverage for a femto cell by wirelessly transmitting radio signals to mobile stations or subscriber stations located in the femto cell based on a wireless air link standard.
  • the FAP can adopt the home or offices' wired broadband connection, like ADSL or cable modem or on-premise fiber link, as backhaul to connect to the wireless core network.
  • the mobile station could switch its connection from a regular base station serving a macro cell to the FAP and continues its wireless service connectivity via the FAP.
  • Wireless communication systems for implementing the above design is wireless networks based on WiMAX (wireless interoperability for microwave access) technology based on IEEE 802.16 standards (e.g., IEEE 802.16e).
  • Wireless communication systems such as one based on WiMAX can include one or more Access Service Network (ASN) for wireless device communications.
  • a wireless communication system can include a base station configured as a WiMAX Femto Access Point (WFAP).
  • WFAP WiMAX Femto Access Point
  • the system can include one or more ASN Gateway (GW) units to control the base stations.
  • the system can include one or more Connectivity Service Networks (CSNs) for WiMAX communications.
  • CSNs Connectivity Service Networks
  • a method for providing handover of a mobile station in wireless communications includes providing a first access service network (ASN) of first base stations to provide wireless communication services with one or more mobile stations, each first base station configured to provide radio coverage over a first cell area; providing a second access service network (ASN) of second base stations to provide wireless communication services with the one.
  • ASN access service network
  • each second base station configured to provide radio coverage over a second cell area that is less than the first cell area; assigning the first base stations and second femto base stations to subscriber groups where mobile stations belong to the subscriber groups as members; operating a serving first base station in the first ASN that serves a mobile station to cause the mobile station to scan for one or more suitable second base stations in the second ASN to handover, wherein the scanning of the one or more suitable second base stations is given priority to a second base station that is in a subscriber group to which the mobile station is a member; and performing handover of the mobile station from the serving first base station to a selected second base station that is selected based on the scanning by the mobile station.
  • the first ASN is a WiMAX macro ASN and the second ASN is a WiMAX femto ASN.
  • a method for supporting idle and paging in a wireless communication system.
  • This method includes providing a first access service network (ASN) of first base stations to provide wireless communication services with one or more mobile stations, each first base station configured to provide radio coverage over a first cell area;
  • ASN access service network
  • ASN access service network
  • each second base station configured to provide radio coverage over a second cell area that is less than the first cell area
  • ASN access service network
  • a method for supporting idle and paging in a communication system and includes providing an access service network (ASN) of base stations based on wireless interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) technology to provide wireless communication services with one or more mobile stations; providing a WiMAX femto service network (femto ASN) of WiMAX femto base stations to provide wireless communication services with the one or more mobile stations and to extend coverage of the wireless
  • ASN access service network
  • WiMAX WiMAX femto service network
  • WiMAX ASN assigning the WiMAX base stations and WiMAX femto base stations to closed subscriber groups as paging groups for paging mobile stations in an idle mode, where each closed subscriber group includes one or more selected members of the WiMAX base stations and/or WiMAX femto base stations; operating an anchor paging controller in the WiMAX ASN or the WiMAX femto ASN to send ⁇ 'a paging announcement message for a targeted mobile station to one or more WiMAX base stations that belong to a closed subscriber group to which the targeted mobile station is a member and most recently attached; operating an anchor paging controller in the WiMAX ASN or the WiMAX femto ASN to send a paging announcement message for a targeted mobile station to one or more WiMAX base stations or WiMAX femto base stations that belong to a closed subscriber group to which the targeted mobile station is a member and most recently attached; and operating the anchor paging controller not to send the
  • a wireless communication system for supporting idle and paging in wireless communications based on wireless interoperability for microwave ' access (WiMAX) technology.
  • This system includes an access service network (ASN) of base stations based on WiMAX to provide wireless communication services with one or more mobile stations; a WiMAX femto service network (femto ASN) of WiMAX femto base stations to provide wireless communication services with the one or more mobile stations and to extend coverage of the wireless communication services of the WiMAX ASN, wherein the WiMAX base stations and WiMAX femto base stations are assigned to closed subscriber groups as paging groups for paging mobile stations in an idle mode and each closed subscriber group includes one or more selected members of the WiMAX base stations and/or WiMAX femtb base stations; a mechanism that operates an anchor paging controller in the WiMAX ASN or the WiMAX femto ASN to send a paging announcement message for
  • This document also includes techniques and systems for performing handover of a mobile station between a cellular wireless network and a private cell or private network.
  • techniques for performing handover can include operating a macrocell base station to provide wireless service to mobile stations, determining a candidate group of one or more femtocell base station candidates based at least on respective one or more proximities to the macrocell base station to perform a handover of a mobile station that is being served by the macrocell base station, causing the mobile station to take measurements of signals from one or more base stations identified by the candidate group, and selecting a target femtocell base station from the candidate group for the handover based on the measurements.
  • the one or more femtocell base station candidates can provide wireless service in respective coverage areas that are smaller than a coverage area of the macrocell base station.
  • Other implementations can include corresponding systems, apparatus, and computer programs, configured to perform the actions of the techniques, encoded on computer readable mediums.
  • Determining the candidate group can include selecting one or more private femtocell base stations based on one or more access privileges that grant access to the mobile station to communicate with the respective one or more private femtocell base station. Determining the candidate group can include selecting one or more one public femtocell base station candidates. Implementations can include prioritizing the candidate group based on one or more access privileges associated with the mobile station.
  • Causing the mobile station to take measurements can include causing the mobile station to use a result of the prioritization to direct the taking of measurements.
  • Causing the mobile station to take measurements can include causing the mobile station to use a service provisioning information to direct the taking of measurement, wherein the service provisioning information indicates a preferred base station scanning order.
  • Selecting the handover femtocell base station can include operating the mobile station to select the handover femtocell base station based on the measurements. Implementations can include receiving the measurements from the mobile station, where selecting the handover femtocell base station can include selecting the handover femtocell base station based on the received measurements.
  • Implementations can include transmitting a broadcast mobile neighbor base station advertisement over a broadcast channel to multiple mobile stations.
  • the broadcast mobile neighbor base station advertisement can include one or more base station identifiers associated with the macrocell base station's one or more neighboring macrocell base stations.
  • Implementations can include transmitting one or more base station identifiers associated with one or more base stations included in the candidate group in a unicast mobile neighbor base station advertisement over a unicast channel to the mobile station.
  • Implementations can include providing to the target femtocell base station one or more identities of base stations that are potential handover targets from the target femtocell base station for the mobile station.
  • the one or more identities of base stations can include an identity of a femtocell base station that grants wireless access to the mobile station.
  • the one or more identities of base stations can include an identity of a macrocell base station that grants wireless access to the mobile station.
  • techniques for performing handover can include determining one or more handover base station candidates for a specific mobile station associated with a serving base station based at least on respective one or more proximities of the one or more handover base station candidates to the serving base station and one or more base station access privileges associated with the mobile station; and providing handover candidate information to the serving base station, wherein the handover candidate information includes one or more identities corresponding to the one or more handover base station candidates.
  • FIG. IB shows an example of a wireless communication system having both macro and femto cells.
  • FIG. 2 shows an example of a radio transceiver station architecture for a wireless communication device or a base station in FIGS. 1 A and IB.
  • FIG. 3 shows an example of a network reference model for implementing the wireless communication system having both macro and femto cells.
  • FIG. 4A shows an example of a wireless communication system that includes a first radio access service network based on hierarchical cells and a second private radio access service network to collectively provide wireless communication services to mobile stations within the system.
  • FIG. 4B shows an example of a flow of operations for handover from a macrocell to a private cell in the system in FIG. 4A.
  • FIG. 5 shows an example of a handover operation between a macrocell and a femtocell in FIG. 4A.
  • FIG. 6 shows an example of providing handover candidate information
  • FIG. 7 shows an example of an operational flow of a handover from a macro base station in a macro access service network to a femto access point or femto base station of a femto access service network within a WiMAX system based on the architecture in FIG. 3.
  • Wireless communication services to a mobile communication device can be provided via a wireless communication system that includes two or more different wireless radio access service networks to provide better radio coverage and other operational functions.
  • One important feature in such wireless communication services based on two or more different wireless radio access service networks is handover of the wireless communications with a mobile device from one wireless radio access service network to another without interruption of the wireless communications to the mobile device.
  • This patent document provides techniques and systems for wireless communications that provide handover functions between two different wireless radio access networks, and idle and paging mechanisms involving two different wireless radio access networks.
  • wireless services via both (1) public wireless networks that cover public accessible areas and are open to subscribed mobile users and (2) private networks that are only available at limited locations and open to certain mobile users.
  • Various private wireless networks are separate from public wireless networks for providing mobile communication services to the general public, and are increasingly used for providing wireless communication services to selected users.
  • Such private networks provide radio cells that cover selected service areas such as a home, one or more offices, and a corporate or university campus and can provide wireless services in conjunction with public wireless networks.
  • a cell represents a radio coverage area that may require a handover to maintain communications continuity as a mobile station moves into the radio coverage area.
  • a cell can include an omni-cell or sectors of a sectorized cell in a real-world deployment and operations and processing by a cell are performed by a base station associated with that cell.
  • a macrocell is a cell in a wireless network to which the entire population of users of the wireless network has the right and privileges to access.
  • a private cell or a private network in the following examples has restricted access for only selected users and examples for such private cells or private networks include femto cells and home wireless access points. Such a private cell or a private network has certain characteristics that are different from those of traditional wireless networks. Thus, in private cells and networks such as the home- area, office-area and campus cells or networks, techniques to support handover from one cell to another used in a microcell network can be inefficient in handling handover between a macro cell network and a private network.
  • one feature in some traditional handover mechanisms that do not scale well to support handover between a macro cell network and a private network is the use of neighbor lists that are considered generally applicable to all users in the coverage area. More specifically, there can be a large potentially large number of the underlying cells and the neighbor list applicable to the overlying macrocell can become large and broadcasting of this large neighbor list to assist mobile stations to determine potential target cells may consume significant over-the-air capacity.
  • a underlying cell may admit only a small subset of users and prohibit access by other users, including and advertising all such cells in the general neighbor list makes determination of a target cell for handover by all mobile stations inefficient because non-applicable entries are received and processed and there is no mechanism for the MS to determine which neighbors are applicable to it for the handover.
  • various macrocell mobile networks use autonomous MS scanning to determine the best prospective candidate cell(s) for handover. Since a cell in the list may admit only a small subset of users and prohibit access by other users, the MS may be forced to evaluate and propose potential handover target cells to which it cannot successfully have access when the MS is not provided with information on the subset membership and accessibility of cells.
  • This application describes examples and implementations of techniques and network designs that provide efficient handover between a macro cell network and a private network.
  • the overall system interactions described here between the private cell/network and the macro cell network applies also between the private cell/network and pico or micro cell network. Therefore, whenever the reference of the macro cell described herein shall also apply to the picocells and microcells.
  • Femto radio access service networks are an example of many private networks.
  • FIG. 1 A shows an example of a wireless femto communication system.
  • This wireless femto communication system can include one or more femto base stations 105 (e.g., BS 105), one or more wireless devices 1 10 (e.g., a mobile station MS 1 10), a Security Gateway 1 15, Femto Gateway 120, a server such as a Femto-AAA (Authentication, Authorization, Accounting) 125, and a server such as a Home AAA 130.
  • a MS 1 10 can be associated with a home AAA 130.
  • a femto base station 105 can transmit a signal on a forward link (FL), called a downlink signal, to one or more wireless devices 1 10.
  • FL forward link
  • a wireless device 1 10 can transmit a signal on a reverse link (RL), called an uplink signal, to one or more femto base stations 105 or one or more other base stations.
  • a femto base station 105 can include a WiMAX Femto Access Point (WFAP).
  • WFAP WiMAX Femto Access Point
  • a wireless communication system can include different networks such as a Access Service Network (ASN) and a Connectivity Service Network (CSN).
  • ASN Access Service Network
  • CSN Connectivity Service Network
  • One or more wireless femto base stations 105 can be used as extension base stations to extend the radio coverage of deployed base stations of an existing wireless
  • FIG. IB a wireless communication system
  • One or more deployed base stations 140 are located to provide radio cells known as macro cells, microcells, or picocells depending on sizes of the cells of the deployed base stations 140.
  • each base station 140 is referred to as a macro base station and its associated radio coverage cell is referred to as a macro cell.
  • a FAP 105 is shown to be deployed to extend the radio coverage of the lower macro base station 140.
  • the system can include one or more core network components 150 to provide wireless services via the base stations 105 and 140.
  • Various wireless communication technologies can be implemented in FIG. 1, such as Code division Multiple Access (CDMA) such as CDMA2000 lx, High Rate Packet Data (HRPD), evolved HRPD (eHRPD), Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN), Evolved UTRAN (E-UTRAN), Long-Term Evolution (LTE), and Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) based on an IEEE 802.16 standard.
  • CDMA Code division Multiple Access
  • HRPD High Rate Packet Data
  • eHRPD evolved HRPD
  • UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
  • UTRAN Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network
  • E-UTRAN Evolved UTRAN
  • LTE Long-Term Evolution
  • WiMAX Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access
  • the wireless communication device 1 10 in FIG. I B is also known as a wireless subscriber station (SS) or mobile station (MS) and is capable of wirelessly communicating with the base station 140 or the WFAP 105 and may be implemented as a mobile or fixed device which may be relocated within the system.
  • SS wireless subscriber station
  • MS mobile station
  • Examples of a stationary wireless device may include desktop computers and computer servers.
  • Examples of a mobile wireless device may include mobile wireless phones, Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs), mobile computers and other mobile computing devices.
  • PDAs Personal Digital Assistants
  • FIG. 1 is an example of a wireless system with two different types of base stations to provide different cell coverage operations for supporting idle and paging functions.
  • a method for achieving this can include providing a first access service network (ASN) of first base stations to provide wireless communication services with one or more mobile stations, each first base station configured to provide radio coverage over a first cell area; providing a second access service network (ASN) of second base stations to provide wireless communication services with the one or more mobile stations and to extend coverage of the wireless communication services of the first ASN, each second base station configured to provide radio coverage over a second cell area that is less than the first cell area; assigning the first base stations and second femto base stations to paging groups for paging mobile stations in an idle mode, wherein each paging group includes one or more selected members of the first base stations and/or second base stations; operating an anchor paging controller in the first ASN or the second ASN to send a paging announcement message for a targeted mobile station to one or more first and/or second base stations that belong
  • FIG. 3 shows an example of a WiMAX implementation of the wireless communication system in FIG. IB based on the WiMAX technology that provides the above idle and paging functions.
  • the system includes one or more macro radio access service networks (ASNs) 310, a Connectivity Serving Network (CSN) 320 with an AAA module 322 for authentication, authorization and accounting (AAA) functions and a home agent (HA) module 324 for user registration functions for WiMAX communications, and one or more femto radio access service networks (Femto ASNs) 330.
  • a femto network service provider (NSP) module 340 is provided to manage or control the femto ASN 330.
  • the ASN 310 includes one or more base stations (BSs) 312 or base transceiver stations (BSTs) that are spatially distributed in a service area to provide the radio access and an ASN-Gateway (GW) 314 to control the BS 312 and to manage the communications of the ASN 310 with the CSN 320 and the femto ASN 330.
  • the femto ASN 330 includes one or more WFAPs 332, one or more security gateways (SeGWs) 334 that safeguards the WFAP access by the WFAP 332, and a femto gateway (Femto-GW) 336 that manages communications of the femto ASN 330 with ASN 310 and the CSN 320.
  • the femto NSP 340 is provided to manage the femto ASN 330 and is responsible for the operation, authentication and management of the WFAP 332.
  • the femto NSP 340 includes a femto-AAA module 342 to perform the authentication and accounting of the WFAP 332.
  • a WFAP management server 344 can be implemented as part the femto NSP 340 to provide operation and maintenance (O&M) features of the WFAP 332 based on a standard such as Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP), TR069 or DOCSIS.
  • O&M operation and maintenance
  • Entities in a wireless communication system such as MS, ASN, and CSN can represent a grouping of functional entities. Each of these functions may be realized in a single physical functional entity or may be distributed over multiple physical functional entities. The grouping and distribution of functions into physical devices within the ASN is an
  • a logical representation of a WiMAX network architecture is based on a Network Reference Model (NRM) that identifies functional entities and reference points over which interoperability is achieved between functional entities.
  • NRM Network Reference Model
  • the intent of the NRM is to allow multiple implementation options for a given functional entity, and yet achieve interoperability among different realizations of functional entities. Interoperability is based on the definition of communication protocols and data plane treatment between functional entities to achieve an overall end-to-end function, for example, security or mobility management.
  • a reference point (RP) is a conceptual link that connects two groups'of functions that reside in different functional entities of an ASN, CSN, or MS and thus RP is not necessarily a physical interface.
  • a reference point becomes a physical interface when the functional entities on either side of the RP are contained in different physical entities.
  • the functional entities on either side of RP represent a collection of control and Bearer Plane end-points.
  • a wireless system can include multiple RPs such as those described below.
  • Reference Point Rl includes the protocols and procedures between MS and ASN as per the air interface (PHY and MAC) specifications (e.g., IEEE P802.16e-2005, IEEE P802.16-2004 and IEEE 802.16g). Reference point Rl may include additional protocols related to the management plane. Reference Point R2 includes protocols and procedures between the MS and CSN associated with Authentication, Services Authorization and IP Host Configuration management. The authentication part of reference point R2 runs between the MS and the CSN operated by the home NSP, however the ASN and CSN operated by the visited NSP may partially process the aforementioned procedures and mechanisms.
  • PHY and MAC air interface
  • Reference Point R2 might support IP Host Configuration Management running between the MS and the CSN (operated by either the home NSP or the visited NSP).
  • Reference Point R3 includes the set of Control Plane protocols between the ASN and the CSN to support AAA, policy enforcement and mobility management capabilities. It also encompasses the Bearer Plane methods (e.g., tunneling) to transfer user data between the ASN and the CSN.
  • Reference Point R4 includes a set of Control and Bearer Plane protocols originating/terminating in various functional entities of an ASN that coordinate MS mobility between ASNs and ASN-GWs. R4 is an interoperable RP between similar or heterogeneous ASNs.
  • Reference Point R5 includes the set of Control Plane and Bearer Plane protocols for internetworking between the CSN operated by the home NSP and that operated by a visited NSP.
  • Reference point R6 includes the set of control and Bearer Plane protocols for communication between the BS and the ASN-GW.
  • the Bearer Plane can include an intra-ASN datapath between the BS and ASN gateway.
  • the Control Plane includes protocols for datapath establishment, modification, and release control in accordance with the MS mobility events.
  • Reference Point R8 can include protocols and primitives.
  • Types of operators associated with a wireless communication system can include a Network Access Provider (NAP), Network Service Provider (NSP), and Femto-NSP.
  • NAP Network Access Provider
  • NSP Network Service Provider
  • Femto-NSP can belong to different operators and also can belong to the same operator depending on the deployment needs or arrangements.
  • NAP runs the ASNs.
  • a Single NAP can have both ASNs which don't support WiMAX femto and ASNs (Femto-ASN) which support WiMAX femto.
  • NSP operates the CSN (for MS) which contain MS's AAA, HA, etc.
  • Femto-NSP operates the CSN (Femto-CSN) for Femto. It is a CSN supporting the WiMAX Femto, containing Femto-AAA, etc.
  • a wireless communication system can include a Security Gateway (SGW or
  • a SGW can be part of the Femto-NSP system component/function and can belong to the same operator as the WFAP, e.g., the SGW belongs to the Femto-NSP.
  • Rs reference point is used between the WFAP and the SGW.
  • a Security tunnel (e.g. IPSec) can be established in Rs between the WFAP and the SGW to provide backhaul security.
  • R3 or R3+ reference point is used between the SGW and the Femto-AAA.
  • SGW can be co-located with the Femto-GW and can be a standalone entity. In case the SGW is not co-located with the Femto-GW, then a new open/closed interface between them MAY be required.
  • Some implementations can terminate IPsec Tunneling for a WFAP. Some implementations can filter out unauthorized traffic on the links between the Security Gateway and the WFAP. Some implementations can provide access control of WFAP to the Network. Some implementations can inspect data packets from FAP over R6f to verify the correct source ID. Some implementations can encrypt the data between FAP and SeGW and can provide integrity protection.
  • a wireless communication system can include a Femto-GW.
  • a Femto-GW can reside in the ASN (Femto-ASN). It is a separate GW in the NRM for the support of WiMAX Femto. Femto GW can have the same set of functionalities which are provided by macro GW and additional functionalities which are defined for femto-specific operation.
  • a wireless communication system can include a Femto-AAA.
  • a femto-AAA, belonging to the Femto-NSP can reside in CSN (Femto-CSN) which is operated by a Femto-NSP.
  • R5 reference point is used between the Femto-AAA and the AAA (which is for MS).
  • the Femto-AAA and the AAA (which is for MS) can be a same device.
  • a femto-AAA can provide authentication and authorization of the WFAP.
  • Reference Point Rl can include protocols and procedures between MS and ASN per the air interface (PHY and MAC) specifications (e.g., IEEE P802.16e-2005, IEEE P802.16- 2004).
  • the Reference Point R3 can include Control Plane protocols and Bearer Plane protocols to support AAA and also to transfer of user data between the ASN and the CSN.
  • AAA is responsible for subscriber authentication and charging.
  • the Reference Point R4 can include Control Plane protocols and Bearer Plane protocols originating/terminating in various functions entities of an ASN that coordinates MS mobility between different ASNs and Femto-GW as well as between Femto-GWs.
  • the Femto- GW may also be connected to Macro ASN-GW through R4 if the interoperability with Macro network is required.
  • R4/R4+ reference point is used between the Femto-GWs, and R4 reference point is used between a Femto-GW and a ASN-GW.
  • the Reference Point R6F can include Control Plane and Bearer Plane for communication between the WFAP and the Femto-GW.
  • Reference Point R6F can support Femto specific features and the existing features of R6. All control and bearer plane traffic over the Reference Point R6-F will be sent through an IPsec tunnel between the FAP and the SeGW.
  • the Reference Point R3+ can include Control Plane and Management Plane protocols to support the management, authorization and authentication of the WFAP between WFAP and other entities in Femto NSP, such as Femto-AAA can be added in R3+.
  • the Reference Point Rs can include protocols for establishing IPsec tunnel using
  • Reference Point Rs can be used to transmit R6F control and bearer traffic between FAP and Femto-GW.
  • the Reference Point R5 can be used between the Femto-NSP's CSN (which contains the Femto- AAA) and the CSN. Reference Point R5 can be used for communication between the Femto- AAA and the AAA.
  • the MS can be in an idle mode in which the MS receives downlink broadcast service messages in a certain period interval and the MS does not register with base stations in cell areas where the MS roams.
  • the idle mode allows the MS to roam to different cells without performing normal operation processes such as handover, so the idle mode allows savings in the power consumption by the MS and in air interface resources.
  • the areas covered by base stations can form a paging group where a MS is in the idle mode and does not need to send uplink services.
  • the MS in the idle mode can operate to determine presence of downlink services sent to the MS by a downlink paging channel.
  • the paging group can be sufficiently large so that most MS members in the paging group can remain in the same paging group over a time period while the paging group can be sufficiently small to make sure the overhead of paging the MS members within the paging group is reasonable.
  • a paging controller is a network entity that controls activities of MSs in the idle mode and may be implemented in various ways, e.g., as part of the access service network gateway (ASN GW) of the WiMAX network or femto network.
  • ASN GW access service network gateway
  • the macro ASN GW can be configured to include the macro PC function and the femto ASN GW can be configured to include the femto PC function.
  • the characteristics of the home-area and office-area cells differ substantially from the expected characteristics of mobile terminals in the macro-cellular network. For at least this reason, simply assigning cells to paging groups may become ineffective. Specifically, the following methods of assigning cells to paging can be reconsidered with Closed Subscriber Group (CSG) support.
  • CSG Closed Subscriber Group
  • Assignment of adjacent cells to a paging group can be performed. Accessible
  • Femtocell(s) for a given MS tend to be scattered and may not provide access to the same set of users. Therefore, grouping Femtocells in general vicinity of each other into a paging group may not be effective because paging a user in the non-accessible Femtocell where the user cannot be reached can be a waste of both backhaul and over-the air resources. Similar wasteful situation occurs when Femtocells are grouped in a paging group with macro-cells in the same vicinity.
  • the CSG generally admits only a small subset of users.
  • the CSG Femtocell includes a Femtocell that allows access to the femtocell only to subscribers that are assigned to the CSG.
  • Open Subscriber Group (OSG) Femtocell is referred to as the Femtocell which may have the CSG configured for a group of subscribers, but also allow the public access (similar to the macro cell public access) to the Femtocell.
  • OSG Femtocell Open Subscriber Group
  • the Femtocell will have minimum of two different paging groups, one for the subscribers assigned to the CSG and one for the public access subscribers similar to the macrocell.
  • a preamble alone can be used to differentiate between the non-accessible
  • Femtocell and the accessible Femto/Macro Cell and to identify the appropriate Femtocell or Macro Cell for the MS to perform the location update (LU) or to respond to paging.
  • This approach is not practical because there are only a small limited number of "fixed" preambles to be used in Mobility WiMAX Rel-1.0 and Rel-1.5.
  • the mapping between the Cell ID and the Preamble Index could be replicated across different geographical locations and different WiMAX access operators, not to mention the additional complexity to plan in advance and to coordinate the assignment of those preambles between the Femtocells and the Macrocells.
  • the Femtocell Paging/Idle modes as described in this specification support product solution based on the following major aspects: An efficient organization of Femtocells' subscribers can be implemented according to the subscribers' access privileges into paging groups. Paging overheads can be minimized for paging users who are currently served by Femtocells. A procedure for handling the MS effectively can be implemented to perform the location update (LU), to respond to the paging with the appropriate Femtocell or with the Macrocell and to exit from Idle mode with the appropriate Femtocell or with the Macrocell. Also, the solution can be based on the existing WiMAX Forum Mobility Profile Rel-1.0 and/or Rel-1.5 profiles.
  • the subscribers can be assigned to one or more paging groups that are specifically designated to the CSG subscribers of Femtocells from ' the subscribers who are non-CSG subscribers to the OSG Femtocells or to the macrocells.
  • the paging controller recognizes the designated paging groups which are assigned specific for CSG subscribers, a more intelligent paging operation which is specific to CSG subscriber will be executed.
  • the basic general rule includes having the Paging Controller target to a specific femtocell that the subscriber is last known to be served, rather than a large group of BSs to be paged even though they belong to the same paging group.
  • one or more preamble indices together with the corresponding cell- ids and the corresponding geographical location of the target femtocells can be pre-provisioned to the MS.
  • Such pre-provisioning parameters can assist the MS to perform an intelligent scanning to select the appropriate Femtocell for LU, paging response or exiting the idle mode.
  • the techniques and systems described in this specification can include the following characteristics.
  • the paging groups can be designated which are particularly for the subscribers belonged to the CSG.
  • a subscriber can be associated with a Femtocell to which the CSG subscriber has access privilege.
  • the subscriber can also be associated with the
  • Paging can be performed to a user last known to be served by a given Femtocell.
  • the MS can be supported to perform the LU, to respond to Paging and to exit from Idle Mode.
  • the techniques and systems as described in this specification can provide pre-condition information needed by the MS to perform the intelligent scanning to select the appropriate Femtocell to proceed with the LU, paging response and idle mode exit operation.
  • the pre-condition information can include a set of one or more preamble indices together with corresponding cell-ids and corresponding geographical location of the target cells.
  • the precondition information can include other cell type specific information (i.e. OSG Femtocell, CSG Femtocell, Macrocell etc.). This information can be pre-provisioned to the MS via Over the Air (OTA) provisioning, manual provisioning or any other mean.
  • OTA Over the Air
  • CSG subscribers can be assigned to separate paging groups from the non-CSG subscribers who are served by the OSG or macro-cells. This allows the Paging Controller to apply a more intelligent paging mechanism to the specific Femtocell target. Also, the amount of extraneous paging in ASN can be reduced because these Femtocells generally only provide access to a very small subset of users.
  • paging groups are set aside by the ASN that supports CSG subscribers. For example, CSG subscribers are divided into different paging groups according to geographic proximity.
  • each CSG subscriber can be defined as a paging group on its own because a CSG subscriber is expected normally to stay within the coverage area of the CSG/OSG
  • LBS Location Based Services
  • the CSG subscribers are defined for the paging group via geographic proximity with some reasonable geographic boundary.
  • a geographic boundary may be around a neighborhood or adjoining neighborhoods with sizeable open space around the perimeter.
  • Secure private information associated with each authorized user for a given CSG can be entered into a subscriber management database.
  • this information that associates permission for access to the specific Femtocell is made known to the ASN once the subscriber is attached to the ASN, and the ASN will be updated periodically if there is new update while the subscriber is still attaching to the ASN.
  • the information that associates permission for access to the specific Femtocell can be identified by an agreed-to cell identifier and/or by a specific subscriber as identified by an agreed-to user identifier (which may be the identifier of a device associated with the subscriber).
  • the ASN is able to maintain a list of Femtocells that a particular subscriber has been granted access to and to which paging group each of these CSG Femtocells belong.
  • Any new such CSG access privilege entries for each Femtocell are incorporated into the user's subscriber operational information. This type of information is maintained as part of the subscriber profile information at the Femtocell Access Configuration Server (ACS) function distributed across the Femtocells that are associated with the user. From ACS, the full set of Femtocell CSG access control list information (along with other necessary configuration and operational information associated with the user) come into effect each time the subscriber is successfully authenticated for service in one or more CSG/OSG Femtocells.
  • ACS Femtocell Access Configuration Server
  • this Femtocell CSG access control list is empty, it indicates that the subscriber has not been assigned to any Femtocell. If the list is non-empty, then logically, the subscriber has a list of entries containing the following information in each entry in its operational data:
  • Femto Cell ID identifies the Femtocell and Paging Group ID identifies the paging group . to which the CSG subscriber has been assigned for the given Femtocell.
  • the MS enters an Idle Mode after the MS has already been authorized for and is being served by a CSG/OSG Femtocell.
  • the network assigns the MS to the paging group that corresponds to the CSG assigned to the MS as the MS enters Idle Mode operation.
  • the incoming bearer path with destination routing that targets the MS is associated with this specific CSG Femtocell paging group.
  • the MS has already been in an Idle Mode when the MS arrives at the cell coverage of the Femtocell to which the MS has the access privilege.
  • the following describes the precursor steps that would typically occur when an MS in an idle state moves from the Macrocell or from the OSG Femtocell that the MS is served.
  • An MS is in an idle state and is currently being served by a Macrocell or by a OSG Femtocell.
  • the MS moves within the coverage area of its associated CSG Femtocell to which the MS has been given access privileges, and the MS's cell selection algorithm determines that the target
  • the MS begins reading the system parameters being broadcast by the target Femtocell and finds out its CSG access privilege with the target
  • the MS performs a location update to the network and identifies the need for a change of paging group.
  • the CSG Femtocell recognizing that the MS access privilege, allows the location update to proceed. Otherwise, it proceeds with the additional procedures that are described in the next section for more details - i.e. Procedures for Location Update (LU), Paging Response and Idle Mode Exit. Recognizing that the MS is part of the CSG of this new target Femtocell, the network provides the ID of the CSG specific paging group to the MS as its new active paging group (e.g. this can be done as part of the acknowledgement to complete the location update signaling procedure to the MS).
  • LU Location Update
  • Paging Response Paging Response
  • Idle Mode Exit Recognizing that the MS is part of the CSG of this new target Femtocell, the network provides the ID of the CSG specific paging group to the MS as its new active paging group (e.g. this can be done as part of the acknowledgement to complete the
  • the incoming bearer path of which the destination routing target is the MS, is associated with this specific Femtocell's paging group.
  • the MS is remained in an idle state and from the network's perspective, the MS's last known location is the Femtocell through which it experienced a change of paging groups.
  • the Paging Control Function in the network retrieves the list of Femtocells within this paging group to which the user has access privileges and belongs to the same geographical region, and the ID of the Femtocell through which the MS has performed its last location update from the operational data maintained with respect to the MS.
  • the Paging Control Function generates a page to the Femtocell(s) which allow the MS's access privilege, and belong to the special paging group that the MS last performed a location update. Because the user is expected to stay within its CSG Femtocell for an extended period of time, there is a high likelihood that the page will succeed by just paging the MS's CSG Femtocell(s).
  • the Paging Control Function retries a configurable number of retries within this same set of Femtocells in this paging group before attempting paging on a wider scope, such as to the public accessible to OSG Femtocell and macro-cells that covers the same and neighboring geographic areas as the paging group assigned for the CSG.
  • OSG Femtocell and macro-cells that covers the same and neighboring geographic areas as the paging group assigned for the CSG.
  • On successfully getting a response to the page (such as via the initiation of exit from idle state procedure by the MS), normal procedures follow to activate the MS from idle state.
  • the paging procedure is deemed to have failed and the MS may be considered dis-engaged from the wireless network (such as by being powered off).
  • the fundamental guiding principle is for the MS to select the macro cell or the OSG capable Femtocell.
  • the target Femtocell shall re-direct the MS to one or more closed by Macro Cells or OSG Femtocell by including the list of preamble indices of the Macro Cells or OSG Femtocell in the airlink message of the Ranging Response - i.e. RNQ RSP.
  • the MS can proceed with the desired operation as soon as possible while minimizing the airlink overhead to trial for another target cell which may also fail.
  • the redirection can also allow the possibility to apply the load balancing to distribute the MSs across multiple Macro Cells or OSG Femtocells.
  • the idle and paging procedures should comply with IEEE 802.16 WiMAX airlink specification and WiMAX Technical Working Group (TWG) profile.
  • TWG WiMAX Technical Working Group
  • the NWG Rel-1.0 Idle/Paging Procedures can apply to the Femto Paging Support for intra-NAP and inter-NAP operations.
  • the macro access network 310 is aware of its underlying WFAP neighbors (e.g., WFAP 332) and the femto system 330 is aware of its overlapping Macro BS neighbors (e.g., BS 312).
  • the macro BS has the knowledge of Closed Subscriber Group (CSG)-configuration status of its neighboring WFAPs for its associated MS.
  • CSG Closed Subscriber Group
  • the TDD timing is synchronized between Femto system via the femto ASN 330 and macro network via the macro ASN 310.
  • the network can first send the Paging Announcement to the CSG-Closed WFAP to which the MS is the member and is most recently or previously attached.
  • the femto system and its overlay macro network allow the same Paging Group (PG) assignment for MS.
  • PG Paging Group
  • the idle mode entry at the CSG- Closed WFAP that the MS is a member of can be implemented as follows.
  • the NWG Rel-1.0 Idle Mode Entry Procedures can apply to the Femto Paging Support for intra-NAP and inter-NAP operations.
  • the MS that is the member of the CSG-Closed WFAP is assigned to the PG which is shared with its Macro BS neighbors and with other WFAP neighbors.
  • the anchor Paging Controller (PC) can be resided at the Macro network which manages the PG that also composes of respective WFAP neighbors of the Macro BS neighbors.
  • the Anchor PC can also be resided at the Femto System which manages the PG that also composes of respective Macro BSs.
  • the anchor PC can be configured to have the knowledge of MS's membership with the
  • Paging for the MS associated with CSG-Closed WFAP can be implemented as follows.
  • the NWG Rel-1.0 Paging Procedures can apply to the Femto Paging Support for intra-NAP and inter-NAP operations.
  • the anchor PC can first send the Paging Announcement to the CSG-Closed WFAP to which the MS is a member and is most recently attached.
  • the Anchor PC does not send paging announcement message to those CSG-Closed WFAPs which are not associated with the paged MS.
  • the Anchor PC anchored to the Macro network can send paging announcement message to the target WFAPs in the Femto system over the secure tunnel between ASN-GW and Femto-GW.
  • the Anchor PC anchored to the Femto system can send a paging announcement message to the target Macro BS over the secure tunnel between ASN-GW and Femto-GW.
  • the target mobile station when the target mobile station is not a member of a target closed subscribe group for a WiMAX femto base station or a WiMAX macro base station, operating the WiMAX femto base station or the WiMAX macro base station to re-direct the target mobile station to other WiMAX femto base stations or WiMAX macro base stations.
  • the location update (LU) procedure in the MS for the system in FIG. 3 can be implemented as follows.
  • the existing NWG Rel-1.0 LU (LocationUpdate) Procedures can apply to the Femto Paging Support for intra-NAP and inter-NAP operations.
  • the MS performs the LU only on the CSG-Closed WFAP that the MS is a member of. However, if MS performs the LU on the CSG-Closed WFAP that the MS is not a member of, the LU is rejected and is not performed by the MS.
  • Inter NAP LU communications between the macro ASN and femto ASN are supported over the secure tunnel between ASN-GW and Femto-GW.
  • the femto ASN 330 can communicate with an anchor PC in the macro network ASN 310 over the secure tunnel between ASN-GW and Femto-GW.
  • the macro BS in the macro ASN 310 can communicate with a respective anchor PC in the femto system (e.g., on the Femto-GW) over the secure tunnel between ASN-GW and Femto-GW.
  • the procedure for an MS to exit the idle mode for the system in FIG. 3 can be implemented as follows.
  • the existing NWG Rel-1.0 Idle Mode Exit Procedures can apply to the Femto Paging Support for intra-NAP and inter-NAP operations.
  • the MS is operated to perform idle mode exit only in a CSG-Closed WFAP to which it is a member. However, if the MS performs the Idle Mode Exit on the CSG-Closed WFAP that the MS is not a member of, the associated Idle Mode Exit can be rejected.
  • Inter NAP communications for performing the IDLE Mode Exit are supported over a secure tunnel between ASN-GW and Femto-GW.
  • the femto ASN 330 can communicate with a respective anchor PC in the macro network over the secure tunnel between ASN-GW and Femto-GW.
  • the macro BS can communicate with the respective anchor PC in the femto NAP (e.g., on the Femto-GW) over the secure tunnel between ASN-GW and Femto-GW.
  • FIG. 4 A shows an example of a wireless communication system that includes a first radio access service network based on hierarchical cells and a second private radio access service network to collectively provide wireless communication services to mobile stations within the system.
  • Multiple macrocells are provided in the service coverage region for access by all subscribed users.
  • Microcells and picocells that are accessible by all subscribed users are also illustrated.
  • Private cells and networks in FIG. 4A are different from macrocells, microcells and picocells and are private in that only a subset of subscribed users for the macro-cellular network can access. Because access is limited, the control of which users can be allowed access to private cells and networks is administered separately from the subscription for access to the macro-cellular network.
  • the access control in the underlying cell or network can be done by using an Access Control List (ACL) to determine the right for a user device to access the cell or network based on a discernable identifier, such as a MAC address, in protocol messages sent by the device.
  • ACL Access Control List
  • the access control can be a full authentication and authorization of both device and user.
  • the administrative relationship between the underlying private cell or network and the macro-cellular network includes the following characteristics.
  • the underlying private cell or network and the macro-cellular network can be operated by the same business entity.
  • the macro-cellular network has knowledge of the geographic location and coverage area of a underlying private cell and network. With this knowledge, the macro-cellular network can map the location of the private cell or the location of one or more border cells of a private network to the coverage area of the macro-cells of the macrocell cellular network.
  • the present handover techniques can be used to augment and supplement existing mechanisms of neighbor lists and autonomous MS scanning for potential handover targets with other mechanisms to provide efficient, effective and fast determination of a private cell or network as a potential handover while the MS is being served by a respective overlying macrocell in the macrocell cellular network.
  • the neighbor list is maintained for other adjoining macro-cells but no neighbor list entries are added for the underlying private cells, or one or more cells of a private wireless network that are considered to be border cells between this private network and the macrocell network.
  • relevant operational information for each MS being served is kept at the serving macrocell to facilitate the efficient, effective and fast determination of an underlying cell as a potential handover target in a private cell or network.
  • the above relevant operational information for each mobile station kept at the serving macrocell includes the identity of underlying private cells within the coverage area of the macrocell that the user of the MS has permission to access.
  • the macrocell can use the network-initiated scanning to instruct the MS to take and report measurements on the identified underlying private cells for which the MS has permission to access. Based on these measurement reports, the macrocell can determine when to instruct the MS to perform a handover to a permitted underlying private cell based on a handover policy.
  • a handover policy is to always force a handover to the permitted underlying private cell as long as the estimated service is deemed to be acceptable in the underlying cell.
  • Another policy may be to use the foregoing policy as a base policy amended with the exception if the speed of the MS is determined to be greater than a certain limit such as 10 miles per hour as an example.
  • the MS can be operated based on existing mechanisms defined by the technology or by other means, such as some manual indication by the user and the MS may initiate handover to the permitted underlying private cell.
  • the macrocell network can leverage the operational information described above to support the MS's decision for the appropriate handoff target private cell For example, the user may depress a key or otherwise execute a command of the MS device to force the macro-to- private cell handover. For another example, the MS detects that the certain handover decision threshold has been reached and then initiates the handover to a potential target private cell.
  • ACL Access Control List
  • AAA Administration, Authentication and Authorization
  • the private cell/network Under an existing trust relationship between the administrative entity of the underlying private cell/network and the macro-cellular network, whenever a new user is granted access to the private cell/network by being provisioned with access privileges, the private cell/network provides the macro-cellular network with this information that associates permission for access to the specific private cell/network (as identified by an agreed-to cell or network identifier) by a specific user as identified by an agreed-to user identifier (which may be the identifier of a device associated with the user).
  • This information exchange can occur via various means. For example, this exchange can be a person to person communications. For another example, this exchange can occur autonomously via a signaling protocol between the private cell/network and the macro-cellular network.
  • the macro-cellular network is kept up-to-date as to the current list of users each being granted access to a particular private cell/network.
  • the macro-cellular network can be operated to associate the user with the specific private cell, or border cells of the private network, and the specific macro-cells within its network that can be involved in handovers from the macro-cellular network to the private cell/network.
  • the macrocell network can be operated to include one entry for a user who is newly granted for access to a private cell or network into the macro-cellular networks operational data associated with the user and this entry includes the cell ID for the private cell or each of the one or more border cells in a private network, and Macro Cell IDs for macrocells, if any, from which the user may perform handover to the Private Cell or to which the user may perform handover from the Private Cell.
  • the entry for the Macro Cell ID can be set zero to indicate that mobility service cannot be provided from the macro-cellular network to this particular Private Cell. In this case, nomadic service may be provided to the user.
  • Any new such Private Cell entries are incorporated into the user's macro-cellular subscriber operational information.
  • this information can be maintained as part of the subscriber profile information and stored at the Home AAA (H-AAA) function from where the full set of Private Cell ID information (along with other necessary configuration and operational information associated with the user) come into effect each time the user is successfully authenticated for service.
  • H-AAA Home AAA
  • the new Private Cell ID is provided to the serving macrocell to be added as a potential Private-Cell handover target for the user. This information may also be added to the handover context information that will be transferred to the target cell if the target is a macro-cell.
  • Various mechanisms can be provided for a macrocell to obtain the applicable Private Cell information for a user when the user is served by the macro-cell.
  • the macrocell queries a more centralized location function in the network for any such information for the user.
  • This more centralized location/function may be the H- AAA itself or private cell gateway to allow the local agent of the private cell at the current ' serving access network to provide such information to support the handoff operation for the appropriate user.
  • the full set of Private Cell IDs and their associated macro-cells can be directed to the macrocell as part of the handoff context information from the previous serving macro-cell.
  • the macrocell can determine whether the user has any Private Cells within the macro-cell's coverage area to which the user has access privileges.
  • the H-AAA or the private cell gateway can be operated to push the access privilege information to the local agent of the private cell at the access network. This operation can be used to ensure that the handoff context is kept up-to-date as the private cell/network may add or delete new user to access the private cell/network while the user has been active with the current serving access network. Consequently, the handoff context of the corresponding user will be updated with the access privilege to the private cell.
  • the handover target can be selected from the private cells or networks identified in the above private cell mapping for handover from a Macrocell to a Private Cell
  • a macrocell knows that a user currently being served by the macrocell has permission to access one or more Private Cells to which the macrocell is able to support handover.
  • FIG. 4B shows an example of a flow of operations for handover from a macrocell to a private cell in the system in FIG. 4A. This example illustrates a procedure between the macrocell and the user's MS in order to allow these Private Cells as potential handover targets without the necessary support by the advertised neighboring cell list.
  • a user MS begins the wireless service from the access network via a macrocell (405). This can occur via a number of ways including 1) a handover from another macrocell or from an underlying Private Cell, 2) a re-entry or re-activation into the network from a MS idle state, or 3) from a full entry activation into the network on the MS's first access attempt or after the MS was previously de-activated (such by the MS having been powered off) and is then reactivated. [00119] On completion of the network entry or re-entry procedure, the macrocell obtains handoff context information about the user's access privileges to all Private Cells to which the macrocell can support handover (410). There are a number of methods whereby this information is obtained and the particular implementation may choose to use one or more of these methods based on system performance, cost, and complexity considerations.
  • the Private_Cell_Scan_List for the user is not empty, then MS is instructed by the macrocell using network-initiated target cell scanning procedures provided by the wireless technology to report an initial set of measurement for each of the Private Cells in the list (415). These measurements aid the evaluation of relative likelihood that one of the Private Cells is more likely a handover target than others. These measurements can include, for example, RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indication) and CINR (Carrier to Interference and Noise Ratio).
  • RSSI Receiveived Signal Strength Indication
  • CINR Carrier to Interference and Noise Ratio
  • the Private_Cell_Scan_List can be used to build a set of private neighbor cell information that is installed in the MS.
  • Each MS which has access privileges to one or more private cell/networks can have its own set of private neighbor cell information - that is, as opposed to the general macrocell neighbor list, this information is not available to other MSs.
  • the information contained in each entry of this private cell neighbor list may be similar to the information in the general macrocell neighbor list to provide sufficient information for the MS to perform scanning (such as carrier frequency and basic cell identification), for target handover selection (such as signal quality thresholds), and to support fast handover (such as critical physical and MAC layer communications parameters).
  • the mobile station can process the measurements of the signal qualities with different private cells and select one or more candidates for the handover target private cell.
  • the mobile station communicates the selected one or more candidates to the base station of the macrocell and the macrocell can evaluate this information and make a final selection of the target private cell for the handover.
  • the private cell neighbor information can contain handover/cell- selection policy information such as the priority for selection of a private cell versus other private cells or versus the macro-cell.
  • the MS uses this private cell neighbor information to augment the general macrocell neighbor information that it receives normally as broadcast information from the macro-cell.
  • the private cell neighbor information can be provisioned statically or semi-statically in the MS if the information for all private cells to which the MS has access privileges are provided where the information may only change when the MS gains or loses access privileges to private cells or when any private cell neighbor information is changed.
  • the private cell neighbor information can also be maintained dynamically when only a subset of the private cell neighbor information, such as those which are within the coverage area of a group of one or more macro-cells, are provided to the MS at any time and this corresponds to the scenario where Private_Cell_Support_Zones are defined.
  • Such dynamic updating can occur via signaling from macrocell to MS when MS acquires service from a particular macrocell either via entry or re-entry into the network at or via handover to the particular macro-cell, and such signaling is only necessary if the MS does not already have the appropriate set of private cell neighbor information, where the appropriateness of such a set may be identified by a code (e.g. Private_Cell_Support_Zone_ID).
  • private cell neighbor information When installed in the MS, it may proceed with scanning for private cell neighbors without being instructed explicitly by the macrocell and may report back scan measurement results or propose handover candidates to the macrocell based on particular configurations in the neighbor information which is similar to its operation based on the general macrocell neighbor list.
  • the MS performs the requested measurements when it is not otherwise busy supporting communications active for the user (420). At least once when all requested measurements are complete or also when requested intermediate results are available, such measurements are reported back to the macro-cell.
  • the macrocell processes the measurement results and determines scanning requirements for each Private Cell in the Private Cell Scan List according to the relative likelihood as a potential handover target if this is apparent (425). If not, the scanning settings can be set the same for all Private Cells.
  • the mobile station can be operated based on the scanning requirements to measure signal parameters of wireless links with private cells and networks (430).
  • the macrocell evaluates the results for all Private Cells in the Private Cell Scan List to determine if any of the targets meets configured handover target selection criteria, e.g., such RSSI is greater than a RSSI Threshold and CINR is greater than a CINR Threshold. If MS is in a handover hold off period, the first evaluation occurs upon expiry of the holdoff period.
  • the macrocell can select a private cell or network as the handover target for the mobile Station (435). In some implementations, if one or more Private Cells meet their respective target selection criteria, the one that should provide best service can be selected as the handover candidate which can be the Private Cell for which the highest CINR is measured.
  • the handover target selection can also be conditioned by policy-based criteria, such as a Private Cell designated as a Home Private Cell having priority in selection versus one without this designation.
  • Handover of the mobile station from the macrocell to the selected handover target private cell can be performed (440).
  • the handover from the serving macrocell to the selected handover target private cell can be performed based on a network- initiated handover as defined by the wireless technology.
  • the above handover processes for handover of a MS from a macrocell to a private cell or network is based network initiated handover processes.
  • the MS can also leverage the procedures and information collected as described above to conduct the MS initiated handover procedures towards the target private cell.
  • the serving macrocell can obtain the handoff context information about the user access privileges for accessing private cells and networks via various techniques. Several examples are described below.
  • the full set of mapping of macro-cells can be transferred from the prior serving macrocell to the current serving macrocell as part of the MS's Handover Context information.
  • This information can support MS's handover decision to each Private Cell which is the neighbor of the current serving BS and the user of the corresponding MS has access privileges to the base station of the new target private cell that the MS can handover to.
  • the current serving macrocell processes the list of Private Cell(s) to macro-cell(s) mapping information and determines to which of these Private Cells which are the neighbors of the current serving macro-cell, if any, the user & MS can potentially perform handover.
  • the list of the potential Private Cells that the MS has the access privilege may be prioritized to optimize the network-initiated scanning and/or the network-initiated handover decisions. If there is not a single suitable private cell or network, then the remainder of this Private-Cell specific handover target selection procedure does not take effect (i.e. this procedure is exited). If one or more suitable target private cells or networks are present, then the identities of these Private Cells are inserted into a new list, Private_Cell_Scan_List, as possible Private Cell handover targets. If these Private Cells have been prioritized, the list shall be organized according to the priorities that were assigned.
  • the macro-cells can be organized into subsets called, Private_Cell_Support_Zones, which are identified by a Private_Cell_Support_Zone_ID. Each macrocell is assigned to a specific
  • Private_Cell_Support_Zone for a given user has associated with it a
  • Private_Cell_Support_Zone_ID Some pre-processing of the full set of Private Cell to macrocell mapping information for the user & MS has been done elsewhere within the macro-cellular network to divide this large full set into a reasonable number of subsets of smaller size based on the partitioning of all macro-cells in the macro-cellular network into reasonable
  • the Private Cell Support Zone lD if assigned, is provided by the potential target cell to the current serving macrocell during the handover preparation procedure, if the handover target belongs to the same Private Cell Support Zone as determined by having been assigned the same Private_Cell_Support_Zone_ID, the current serving macrocell includes the subset of Private Cell to macrocell mapping information that it has and passes it to the target macrocell as part of the MS's Handover Context information and the procedure can be completed based what is described above.
  • the full set of the Private Cell to macrocell mapping information for the user is passed to the macrocell and the macrocell itself processes and retains for use the subset of Private Cells to which the user has access privileges and to which the macrocell can support handover.
  • the processing of this full set of mapping information can be performed as described above.
  • the procedure implementation intends to include the Private Cell to macrocell mapping information as part of the Handover Context information
  • several mechanisms can be provided.
  • the macrocell is not assigned a Private_Cell_Support_Zone_ID
  • the full set of Private Cell to macrocell mapping information for the user is obtained from the more centralized location/function and is retained as part of the MS's Handover Context information (either at the macrocell or at a more centralized location/function).
  • the macrocell has been assigned a Private_Cell_Support_Zone_ID
  • Private Cell Support Zone lD then only the subset of Private Cell to macrocell mapping information for the user in the Private_Cell_Support_Zone is obtained by the macrocell from the more centralized location/function and is retained as part of the MS's Handover Context information (either at the macrocell or at a more centralized location/function).
  • a user MS being served by a private cell or network can also be handed over a macrocell or other cell in a macrocell cellular network.
  • the information on the neighboring macrocells of the serving private cell is obtained.
  • the set of macro-cells that are potential handover targets from a specific Private Cell can be provided to that cell by the macro-cellular network the first time that this Private Cell registers a user with permitted access or from time to time as required if the potential macrocell handover target candidates change (e.g. perhaps due to some radio coverage reconfiguration of the macro-cellular network within the vicinity).
  • the Private Cell uses this information to build its neighbor list of handover target candidates which is used in the traditional fashion to evaluate neighboring cells for suitability as handover targets and to trigger handover to one of these macrocell targets when the appropriate condition is met.
  • the handover target selection process can follow a MS-driven process, such as MS-initiated scanning, to select a macrocell to handover the MS.
  • a MS-initiated macrocell-to-macrocell handover procedure can be used where the setting values of the parameters of the handover target selection criteria are selected to condition the handover to some policy-based behavior, such as biasing service to the Private Cell unless quality of service becomes unacceptable versus using a best quality of Service condition.
  • the above examples illustrate a number of features for efficiently handling handover between a macro cell network and a private network. These features include sharing of list of valid users between the macro cell network and a private cell network to provide mapping between the macro cell and the corresponding neighbor private cells, and supporting dynamic update of the mapping between the macro cell and the corresponding neighbor private cells; adding new private cell to macrocell mapping information to the subscriber information;
  • mapping information to a macrocell can be used in various implementation, including sending a macrocell query to a more centralized location/function with only those Private Cells valid for the user and applicable to the macro-cell; operating a macrocell to extract the Private Cells in this list applicable to the macrocell from all Private Cell to Macrocell mapping information; providing the full set of Private Cell to Macrocell mapping information as part of the Handover Context information from the previous serving macro-cell; providing a defined subset of the Private Cell to Macrocell mapping information, as partitioned by Private_Cell_Support_Zone and transferred as part of Handover Context information from the previous serving macro-cell.
  • the handover techniques for handover between the private cells and the macrocells can be implemented to be compatible with handover processes between different macrocells.
  • a wireless communication system that implements the present handover techniques can include a cellular wireless network comprising a plurality of cells with base stations to provide wireless access to subscribed mobile stations, the cellular wireless network comprising a list of neighboring cells for cells in the cellular wireless network; a private wireless network comprising one or more private cells to provide wireless access to a subset of the subscribed mobile stations in the cellular wireless network; a mechanism to obtain mapping information between a serving cell in the cellular wireless network for a mobile station and radio cells in the private wireless network to which the mobile station is granted access; a first handover mechanism to perform a handover from the serving cell in the cellular wireless network to another cell in the cellular wireless network based on the list of neighboring cells for cells in the cellular wireless network; and a second handover mechanism to perform a handover from the serving cell in the cellular wireless network to
  • a wireless communication system can implement one or more of the techniques described herein.
  • a wireless communication system includes a cellular wireless network comprising a plurality of cells with base stations to provide wireless access to subscribed mobile stations, the cellular wireless network comprising a list of neighboring cells for cells in the cellular wireless network; a private wireless network comprising one or more private cells to provide wireless access to a subset of the subscribed mobile stations in the cellular wireless network; a mechanism to obtain mapping information between a serving cell in the cellular wireless network for a mobile station and radio cells in the private wireless network to which the mobile station is granted access; and a mechanism to select radio cells in the one or more private wireless networks as candidate radio cells for handover of the mobile station from the serving cell in the cellular wireless network to one of the selected radio cells of the private wireless network.
  • a wireless communication system includes a mechanism to select radio cells in the one or more private wireless networks as candidate radio cells for handover of the mobile station from the serving cell in the cellular wireless network to one of the selected radio cells of the private wireless network based on respective one or more proximities of the private wireless networks to the serving cell.
  • a wireless communication system can include a cellular wireless network comprising a plurality of cells with base stations to provide wireless access to subscribed mobile stations, the cellular wireless network comprising a list of neighboring cells for cells in the cellular wireless network; a private wireless network comprising one or more private cells to provide wireless access to a subset of the subscribed mobile stations in the cellular wireless network; a mechanism to obtain mapping information between a serving cell in the cellular wireless network for a mobile station and radio cells in the private wireless network to which the mobile station is granted access; a first handover mechanism to perform a handover from the serving cell in the cellular wireless network to another cell in the cellular wireless network based on the list of neighboring cells for cells in the cellular wireless network; and a second handover mechanism to perform a handover from the serving cell in the cellular wireless network to a cell in the one or more private wireless networks based on the information on access to one or more private wireless networks granted to, the mobile station that is being served by the cell of the cellular wireless network
  • a method for handling handover between a cellular wireless network and a private wireless network can include providing the cellular wireless network with information on access to one or more private wireless networks granted to a mobile station that is subscribed to the cellular wireless network and is being served by a cell of the cellular wireless network.
  • Each of the one or more private wireless networks provides wireless access for a subset of all users subscribed to the cellular wireless network.
  • This method can include operating the cellular wireless network to obtain mapping information between the serving cell in the cellular wireless network and radio cells in the one or more private wireless networks to which the mobile station is granted access; and selecting radio cells in the one or more private wireless networks as candidate radio cells for handover of the mobile station from the serving cell in the cellular wireless network to one of the selected radio cells of the one or more private wireless networks.
  • a wireless communication system can provide one or more mechanisms for a handover between a femtocell base station to different base station such as a macrocell base station or a different femtocell base station.
  • a wireless communication system can provide one or more mechanisms for a handover between a macrocell base station to a femtocell base station.
  • Various handover mechanism can use or provide handover candidate information.
  • FIG. 5 shows an example of a handover operation between a macrocell and a femtocell in the system in FIG. 4A.
  • a wireless communication system can determine a candidate group of femtocell base station candidates based at least on respective proximities to a macrocell base station to perform a handover of a mobile station (505).
  • the system can communicate information to cause the mobile station to take measurements of signals from one or more base stations identified by the candidate group (510).
  • the system can select a target femtocell base station from the candidate group for the handover based on the measurements (515).
  • the mobile station can initiate the handover to the selected target femtocell base station.
  • the macrocell base station can initiate the handover to the selected target femtocell base station.
  • a macrocell base station in a wireless communication system can handover a mobile station to a femtocell base station.
  • Business agreements relating to handover support between a femto system and a macro-cellular network can affect a handover process.
  • a macro-cellular network can determine which private femtocell base stations grant access to a mobile station based on access privilege(s) associated with the mobile station, which can be based on a business agreement(s).
  • Mobile station context information such as access privileges of a mobile station can be disseminated within the network to support various mobile station system operation such as handover.
  • a macro-cellular network can determine a list of one or more private femtocell base stations that are within a handover range of a base station currently serving a mobile station. In some implementations, the macro-cellular network can make such a determination based on the information such as, geographic location, coverage area of the serving macro BS, and femtocell access privileges of the mobile station.
  • a macro-cellular network can maintain a handover candidate list of base station suitable for a handover of a specific mobile station.
  • the macro-cellular network can maintain a handover candidate list of public femtocell base stations that neighbor the serving base station and grant access to the mobile station.
  • the handover candidate list can include one or more of public or private femtocells and can include one or more macrocell base stations.
  • the macro-cellular network can start to collect RF measurements to evaluate the potential handover target.
  • the macro-cellular network can transmit the handover candidate list to the mobile station to cause the mobile station to take measurements of base stations on the handover candidate list.
  • RF measurements can be collected via support of the mobile station to evaluate potential handover targets to be suggested to the MS without including potential target femtocell base stations in a neighbor cell list to be advertised to the MS.
  • the availability of a femtocell can change.
  • a femtocell base station may be powered on or off. Therefore, the availability of the private or public femtocell base station neighbor cell(s) may be periodically updated to the serving network.
  • the serving network can use the availability information to update a mobile station context.
  • a list of femtocell base station scanning targets is identified by the macro cell base station to trigger a network-initiated scanning.
  • the network can prioritize the list of the potential target femtocell base stations based on the private or the public femtocell access privilege(s) for the mobile station.
  • the mobile station can be instructed by the serving macrocell base station via network- initiated target cell scanning procedure(s) to report an initial set of measurement for one or more of the targets.
  • the mobile station can access a list of preferred femtocell base stations. For example, a mobile station can obtain such a preferred list via over- the-air (OTA) provisioning. The mobile station can prioritize the scanning targets based on service provisioning preferences such as the preferred list.
  • OTA over- the-air
  • a network can transmit a mobile neighbor list advertisement (MOB NBR ADV) over a unicast channel to a specific mobile station to inform the mobile station about potential base station neighbors.
  • Scanning femtocell base station information can be used to enable unicast MOB_NBR ADV messaging which can include one or more macrocell base station neighbors.
  • a broadcast MOB_NBR_ADV such as one transmitted to multiple mobile stations, can include macrocell base station neighbor information. Such information can be used by the mobile station to initiate a scanning process.
  • a broadcast MOB_NBR_ADV does not include information on private femtocell base stations.
  • the serving macrocell base station can process the measurement results from the network, and can determine one or more handover target femto base stations.
  • the MS can use the measurement results to select one or more target base stations to trigger a handover operation.
  • the mobile station can select handover targets according to the service provisioning preferences or other policies for selecting the handover targets.
  • a femtocell base station can handover a mobile station to another base station such as a neighboring femtocell base station or macrocell base station.
  • a set of one or more of macrocell base station(s) or femtocell base station(s), that are the potential handover targets from the current serving femtocell base station can be provided by the network when the mobile station attaches to the serving femtocell base station.
  • Such information can be provided after the mobile station successfully enters or re-enters the network or after a successful MS handover to the serving femtocell base station.
  • the serving femtocell base station can be updated periodically by the network with a list of neighbor targets based on changes in availability. The serving femto BS can use this information and the knowledge of its
  • a serving femtocell base station can maintain a separate target neighbor list for each attached mobile station to the serving femtocell base station.
  • not all neighbor base stations in the list will be advertised by the femtocell base station in the in the broadcast MOB_NBR_ADV message, only the macrocell and the public femtocell base station in the neighbor list are included in the broadcast MOB NBR ADV. If the unicast MOB_NBR_ADV is supported in the network, then, the private femtocell base stations in the neighbor list can be sent to the mobile station for reference to determine an appropriate set of potential target base stations to handover to. If the unicast MOB_NBR_ADV is not supported, then the serving femtocell base station can initiate a network-initiated scanning to trigger the mobile station to scan for associated private femtocell base stations.
  • handover target selection process can support mobile station initiated scanning and network-initiated scanning. Some implementations can include setting parameters associated with handover target selection criteria to condition the selection process based on a policy-based behavior.
  • a wireless communication system can include a mechanism such as a digital processing apparatus to determine a candidate group of one or more femtocell base station candidates based at least on respective one or more proximities to the macrocell base station to perform a handover of a mobile station that is being served by the macrocell base station, wherein the one or more femtocell base station candidates provide wireless service in respective coverage areas that are smaller than a coverage area of the macrocell base station.
  • the system can include a mechanism such as a base station to
  • the design of the handover from a macro base station to a femto base station can be based on several considerations. Such handover should comply with IEEE 802.16 WiMAX airlink specification and TWG profile.
  • the macro network is aware of its underlying WFAP neighbors and the femto system is aware of its overlapping macro base station neighbors.
  • the macro BS has the knowledge of CSG- configuration status of its neighbor WFAPs for its associated MS.
  • the TDD timing is synchronized between the femto system and the macro network.
  • the system can be configured to influence the MS to attach the CSG-Closed WFAP, that the MS is the member, rather than to the Macro BS despite the RF condition may be more desirable between the MS and the Macro BS over the WFAP.
  • the system can be configured to support inter-frequency HO between Femto system and Macro network.
  • a secure tunnel is provided between ASN-GW and Femto- GW in the case when they are interconnected over the untrust network.
  • the femto can reuse IEEE 802.16 neighbor list advertisement ( MOB-NBR-ADV) to support HO operation.
  • the serving macro BS can be used to trigger the MS to scan the target WFAP.
  • the serving Macro BS can instruct MS to scan for the accessible neighbor WFAP(s), more specifically it can give priority to scan for the CSG-Closed WFAP(s) that the corresponding MS is the member.
  • Two types of network initiated scanning configurations can be implemented. In the first scanning configuration, the scanning is performed by MS without the indication of specific target BS. This may be applicable to the CSG-Open WFAP neighbor for the Macro BS. In the second scanning configuration, the scanning by MS is performed with the indication of specific target BS(s).
  • FIG. 7 shows an exemplary flow operation of the handover from a macro base station to a WFAP.
  • macro-BS may advertise some of the WFAPs in its NBR- ADV broadcast.
  • the handover procedures can include the following features.
  • Serving Macro-BS may become aware of the list of viable target CSG WFAPs for the MS upon the entry of the MS into the serving BS (taking into account CSG memberships of the MS) through its management plane and may store this information as a part of MS context.
  • the serving BS may use this information to trigger BS initiated scanning and handover to the appropriate CSG WFAP.
  • the MS may use its list of CSG WFAP IDs configured on the MS to trigger MS initiated scanning and handover from the Macro BS to the CSG WFAP(s) that the MS is member of.
  • the disclosed and other embodiments and the functional operations described in this document can be implemented in digital electronic circuitry, or in computer software, firmware, or hardware, including the structures disclosed in this document and their structural equivalents, or in combinations of one or more of them.
  • the disclosed and other embodiments can be implemented as one or more computer program products, i.e., one or more modules of computer program instructions encoded on a computer readable medium for execution by, or to control the operation of, data processing apparatus.
  • the computer readable medium can be a machine-readable storage device, a machine-readable storage substrate, a memory device, a composition of matter effecting a machine-readable propagated signal, or a combination of one or more them.
  • data processing apparatus encompasses all apparatus, devices, and machines for processing data, including by way of example a programmable processor, a computer, or multiple processors or computers.
  • the apparatus can include, in addition to hardware, code that creates an execution environment for the computer program in question, e.g., code that constitutes processor firmware, a protocol stack, a database management system, an
  • a propagated signal is an artificially generated signal, e.g., a machine-generated electrical, optical, or electromagnetic signal, that is generated to encode information for transmission to suitable receiver apparatus.
  • a computer program (also known as a program, software, software application, script, or code) can be written in any form of programming language, including compiled or interpreted languages, and it can be deployed in any form, including as a stand alone program or as a module, component, subroutine, or other unit suitable for use in a computing environment.
  • a computer program does not necessarily correspond to a file in a file system.
  • a program can be stored in a portion of a file that holds other programs or data (e.g., one or more scripts stored in a markup language document), in a single file dedicated to the program in question, or in multiple coordinated files (e.g., files that store one or more modules, sub programs, or portions of code).
  • a computer program can be deployed to be executed on one computer or on multiple computers that are located at one site or distributed across multiple sites and interconnected by a
  • the processes and logic flows described in this document can be performed by one or more programmable processors executing one or more computer programs to perform functions by operating on input data and generating output.
  • the processes and logic flows can also be performed by, and apparatus can also be implemented as, special purpose logic circuitry, e.g., an FPGA (field programmable gate array) or an ASIC (application specific integrated circuit).
  • processors suitable for the execution of a computer program include, by way of example, both general and special purpose microprocessors, and any one or more processors of any kind of digital computer.
  • a processor will receive instructions and data from a read only memory or a random access memory or both.
  • the essential elements of a computer are a processor for performing instructions and one or more memory devices for storing instructions and data.
  • a computer will also include, or be operatively coupled to receive data from or transfer data to, or both, one or more mass storage devices for storing data, e.g., magnetic, magneto optical disks, or optical disks.
  • mass storage devices for storing data, e.g., magnetic, magneto optical disks, or optical disks.
  • a computer need not have such devices.
  • Computer readable media suitable for storing computer program instructions and data include all forms of non volatile memory, media and memory devices, including by way of example semiconductor memory devices, e.g., EPROM, EEPROM, and flash memory devices; magnetic disks, e.g., internal hard disks or removable disks; magneto optical disks; and CD ROM and DVD-ROM disks.
  • semiconductor memory devices e.g., EPROM, EEPROM, and flash memory devices
  • magnetic disks e.g., internal hard disks or removable disks
  • magneto optical disks e.g., CD ROM and DVD-ROM disks.
  • the processor and the memory can be supplemented by, or incorporated in, special purpose logic circuitry.

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne des techniques et des systèmes qui sont destinés à des télécommunications sans fil et qui permettent d'assurer des fonctions de transfert intercellulaire entre deux réseaux d'accès radio sans fil différents, et des mécanismes d'attente et de radiomessagerie faisant intervenir deux réseaux d'accès radio sans fil différents.
PCT/US2010/002343 2009-08-25 2010-08-25 Techniques et systèmes de prise en charge du transfert intercellulaire pour au moins deux réseaux de services d'accès radio différents dans des télécommunications sans fil WO2011028258A2 (fr)

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