Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
  • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
  • G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
  • G06K7/0008—General problems related to the reading of electronic memory record carriers, independent of its reading method, e.g. power transfer
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
  • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
  • G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
  • G06K7/10—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation
  • G06K7/10009—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves
  • G06K7/10019—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves resolving collision on the communication channels between simultaneously or concurrently interrogated record carriers.
  • G06K7/10029—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves resolving collision on the communication channels between simultaneously or concurrently interrogated record carriers. the collision being resolved in the time domain, e.g. using binary tree search or RFID responses allocated to a random time slot

Definitions

• the present invention relates generally to radio frequency identification (“RFID”) systems and more specifically to a method and system for discriminating between short range RFID tags and long range RFID tags, and only identifying tags passing through an RFID portal.
• RFID radio frequency identification
• RFID readers are not installed to cover the whole supply chain due to the cost and complication with such an approach. Instead, RFID readers are deployed at the check/transition points along the supply chain, e.g., at a loading dock door between the warehouse and truck, at a doorway between backroom and retail floor, etc. RFID readers in these locations are sometimes referred to as portal readers.
• the RFID tags on the items are supposed to be read only when the item passes through the portal.
• some "long range" RFID tags are generally designed to maximize the gain and efficiency of their antennas. This mixed tag environment results in long range RFID tags that are near the portal but beyond the doorway being
• RFID readers having more complex antenna systems have been designed to focus the RF field and restrict read range to a limited area or volume.
• the deployment of complex antenna naturally results in higher cost.
• the present invention advantageously provides a method and system for selectively reading only radio frequency identification (“RFID”) tags located within an RFID interrogation zone.
• RFID radio frequency identification
• each RFID tag is programmed with an identifier associated with the operating range of the RFID tag.
• identifier associated with the operating range of the RFID tag.
• only RFID tags programmed with a predetermined identifier are selected for reading.
• a method for selectively reading RFID tags within an RFID interrogation zone.
• a portion of the RFID tags have a first operating range and a portion of the RFID tags have a second operating range different from the first operating range.
• Each RFID tag is programmed with an identifier associated with the operating range of the RFID tag.
• interrogation signal is transmitted which has sufficient power to activate RFID tags located within the RFID interrogation zone which have the first operating range.
• a response signal is received from each RFID tag capable of receiving the first interrogation signal.
• Each response signal indicates the identifier of the associated RFID tag.
• Each RFID tag that has an identifier associated with the first operating range is selected.
• a portion of the RFID tags have a first operating range and a portion of the RFID tags have a second operating range different from the first operating range.
• Each RFID tag is programmed with an identifier associated with the operating range of the RFID tag.
• the transceiver is operable to transmit a first interrogation signal having sufficient power to activate RFID tags located within the RFID interrogation zone which have the first operating range and receive a response signal from each RFID tag capable of receiving the first interrogation signal. Each response signal indicates the identifier of the associated RFID tag.
• the processor is electrically connected to the transceiver. The processor is operable to select each RFID tag having an identifier associated with the first operating range.
• an RFID system includes a plurality of RFID tags and an RFID reader.
• a portion of the RFID tags have a first operating range and a portion of the RFID tags have a second operating range. The first operating range is smaller than the second operating range.
• Each RFID tag is programmed with an identifier associated with the operating range of the RFID tag.
• the RFID reader is operable to transmit a first interrogation signal having sufficient power to activate RFID tags located within an interrogation zone which have the first operating range and receive a response signal from each RFID tag capable of receiving the first interrogation signal. Each response signal indicates the identifier of the associated RFID tag.
• the RFID reader is further operable to select each RFID tag having an identifier associated with the first operating range and read each selected RFID tag.
• FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an exemplary radio frequency identification (“RFID”) system constructed in accordance with the principles of the present invention
• FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an exemplary RFID reader constructed in accordance with the principles of the present invention
• FIG. 3 is a flow chart of an exemplary RFID tag discriminating process according to the principles of the present invention.
• FIG. 4 is a diagram of an exemplary RFID system identifying short range tags according to the principles of the present invention.
• FIG. 5 is a diagram of an exemplary RFID system identifying long range tags according to the principles of the present invention.
• the embodiments reside primarily in combinations of apparatus components and processing steps related to implementing a system and method for discriminating between short range radio frequency identification (“RFID”) tags and long range RFID tags so that only RFID tags passing through an RFID portal are read. Accordingly, the system and method components have been represented where appropriate by conventional symbols in the drawings, showing only those specific details that are pertinent to understanding the embodiments of the present invention so as not to obscure the disclosure with details that will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art having the benefit of the description herein.
• RFID radio frequency identification
• relational terms such as “first” and “second,” “top” and “bottom,” and the like, may be used solely to distinguish one entity or element from another entity or element without necessarily requiring or implying any physical or logical relationship or order between such entities or elements.
• RFID tags and “RFID labels” are used interchangeably.
• One embodiment of the present invention advantageously provides a method and system for discriminating between short range RFID tags and long range RFID tags.
• one embodiment of the present invention provides an RFID reader with the ability to switch to different transmit levels and read the stored information on the read range of the tag to overcome the over range or inadequate read problem due to the different range of tags of different designs.
• RFID tags are identified as short range or long range tags by setting at least one identification bit in the RFID tag. When the reader is at high transmit level, reads associated with short range tags are all valid, while at low transmit level, both the short range and long range tag reads are valid. Therefore, to validate the read, the reader requires the knowledge about the read range of the tag which could be stored in and read from the memory of the RFID tag.
• FIG. 1 one configuration of an exemplary RFID system 10 constructed in accordance with the principles of the present invention and located, for example, at a facility entrance.
• RFID system 10 includes a pair of pedestals 12a, 12b (collectively referenced as pedestal 12) on opposite sides of an entrance.
• One or more antennas for the EAS detection system 10 may be included in pedestals 12a, 12b.
• the antennas located in the pedestals 12 are electrically coupled to an RFID reader 14 which transmits a radio frequency signal forming an interrogation zone 16 between the pedestals 12a, 12b.
• the RFID reader 14 is capable of distinguishing between long range RFID tags 18a, 18b, 18c (referenced collectively as “long range tag 18") and short range RFID tags 20a, 20b, 20c, 20d, 20e, 20f (referenced collectively as “short range tag 20").
• each RFID tag 18 and 20 includes an RFID chip having a memory (not shown) designated for information associated with the manufacturer of the RFID chip.
• the TID memory location of the RFID chip may be used to discriminate two tag designs during inventory - one with a small inlay design ("short range") and one with a large inlay design (“long range”).
• the Transponder ID (“TID") memory location of the RFID chip may be programmed at the point of manufacture with specific 12 bit tag model numbers, e.g., bits 14h to lFh are currently allocated for the tag model number. One model number may designate a short range tag, and another model number may designate a long range tag.
• an exemplary RFID reader 14 may include a controller 22 (e.g., a processor or microprocessor), a power source 24, a transceiver 26, a memory 28 (which may include non-volatile memory, volatile memory, or a combination thereof) and a communication interface 30.
• the controller 22 controls radio communications, storage of data to memory 28, and communication of stored data to other devices.
• the transceiver 26 may include a transmitter 32 electrically coupled to one or more transmitting antennas 34 and a receiver 36 electrically coupled to one or more receiving antennas 38. Alternately, a single antenna or pair of antennas may be used as both the transmitting antenna 34 and the receiving antenna 38.
• the transmitter 32 transmits a radio frequency signal using the transmit antenna 34 to "energize" a passive RFID tag within the interrogation zone 16 of the RFID system 10 and/or communicate with an active RFID tag.
• the receiver 36 detects the response signal of the RFID tag using the receive antenna 38.
• a gain controller 40 controls the output power level of the transmitter 32 and/or the receiver 36 sensitivity to switch the transceiver 26 between a short range tag detection mode and a long range detection mode.
• the memory 28 may include an RFID tag discriminator 42 for determining the type of RFID tag responding within the interrogation zone. Operation of the RFID tag discriminator 42 is described in greater detail below.
• the RFID system 10 makes use of the RFID tag's EPC TID memory during an inventory, specifically to prevent reading and reporting tag IDs, e.g., EPC numbers, beyond the intended range of the RFID portal.
• the RFID system 10 may include multiple RFID readers 14 and antennas 12 performing inventory functions for different portal zones.
• An RFID reader 14 prepares to inventory short range tags 20 ("short range tag inventory") by setting the transmit power to a setting optimized for these short range tags 20 (step SI 02).
• FIG. 4 illustrates a scenario for short range tag inventory.
• the short range tag power setting may be determined in practice by determining the maximum transmit power required to read short range tags 20 within the intended portal range 16 with reasonable reliability. Short range tags 20 beyond the intended portal zone 16, e.g., in zone 44 in FIG. 4, are not read due to insufficient power.
• the reader 14 issues a SELECT command specifying only the short range tag model number in the tag TID (step SI 04). Because of this SELECT command, long range tags 18 will not respond to the inventory round that follows. In the absence of the present invention, long range tags 18 that are outside the intended portal range 16, e.g., in zone 46 in FIG. 4, at this reader transmit power level, would normally respond during the inventory.
• the SELECT command advantageously prevents these long range tags 18 from responding.
• the RFID reader 14 then reads the short range tags 20 within the intended portal range 16 to complete the short range tag inventory (step SI 06).
• the RFID reader 14 prepares to inventory long range tags 18 ("long range tag inventory") by setting the transmit power to a setting optimized for these long range tags 18 (step SI 08).
• FIG. 5 illustrates a scenario for long range tag inventory.
• the long range power setting may be determined in practice by determining the maximum transmit power required to read long range tags 18 within the intended portal range 16 with reasonable reliability.
• the long range power tends to be a lower transmit power than the setting used in the "short range tag inventory.”
• both the long range tags 18 and short range tags 20 that are outside the intended portal zone 16, e.g., in zone 48 and zone 50 in FIG. 5, are out of range and do not respond.
• the RFID 14 reader issues a SELECT command specifying only the long range tag model number in the tag TID (step SI 10). Because of this SELECT command, short range tags 20 within the intended portal zone 16 do not respond to the inventory round that follows and only the long range tags 18 within the intended portal zone 16 are read (step S I 12). Optionally, at this lower power setting, the SELECT command could be omitted, reading all tag models in the inventory round that follows. It is noted that that process shown in FIG. 3 can be periodically repeated by reader 14 at predetermined intervals to update the inventory within interrogation zone 16.
• An alternative embodiment of the present invention uses an EAS bit.
• the existence of an EAS bit is currently being proposed and reviewed by the EPCglobal Hardware Action Group; however, there is no defined use for the functionality of the EAS bit.
• This alternative approach is particularly appropriate for combination EAS and RFID item level intelligence applications where the over range/inadequate read problem was first observed.
• a hard tag with very small footprint is required in this item level intelligence application. The small footprint limits the read range of the tag.
• the EAS bit which should always be active in an EAS hard tag, the reader can determine that it is a short read range tag.
• Another advantage of using the EAS bit in the RFID is the capability of direct access to the EAS bit before accessing the ID of the tag, thereby allowing for a quick determination of a short range tag without having to read the model number.
• the present invention can be realized in hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software. Any kind of computing system, or other apparatus adapted for carrying out the methods described herein, is suited to perform the functions described herein.
• a typical combination of hardware and software could be a specialized or general purpose computer system having one or more processing elements and a computer program stored on a storage medium that, when loaded and executed, controls the computer system such that it carries out the methods described herein.
• the present invention can also be embedded in a computer program product, which comprises all the features enabling the implementation of the methods described herein, and which, when loaded in a computing system is able to carry out these methods.
• Storage medium refers to any volatile or non-volatile storage device.
• Computer program or application in the present context means any expression, in any language, code or notation, of a set of instructions intended to cause a system having an information processing capability to perform a particular function either directly or after either or both of the following a) conversion to another language, code or notation; b) reproduction in a different material form.

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• 2009
  • 2009-08-25 US US12/546,758 patent/US8717145B2/en active Active
• 2010
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