WO2011023104A1 - 检测水下设备故障的方法、装置及设备 - Google Patents

检测水下设备故障的方法、装置及设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011023104A1
WO2011023104A1 PCT/CN2010/076328 CN2010076328W WO2011023104A1 WO 2011023104 A1 WO2011023104 A1 WO 2011023104A1 CN 2010076328 W CN2010076328 W CN 2010076328W WO 2011023104 A1 WO2011023104 A1 WO 2011023104A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
optical
light
parameter
underwater
detecting
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Application number
PCT/CN2010/076328
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王国忠
樊晓燕
孙恺
Original Assignee
华为海洋网络有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 华为海洋网络有限公司 filed Critical 华为海洋网络有限公司
Priority to EP10811264.0A priority Critical patent/EP2472745B1/en
Publication of WO2011023104A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011023104A1/zh
Priority to US13/406,160 priority patent/US9059797B2/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/07—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems
    • H04B10/075—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal
    • H04B10/077—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal using a supervisory or additional signal
    • H04B10/0771—Fault location on the transmission path

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of optical communication technologies, and in particular, to a method, device, and device for detecting a fault of an underwater device.
  • the underwater equipment mainly includes submarine optical cable (Submar ine Opt i ca l F iber Cab le SOFC), underwater relay (Submar ine Repeater referred to as RPT) and underwater optical cable splitter (Branching Uni t short).
  • BU is an optical signal branching device that realizes the function of combining or splitting part of the optical signal or part of the optical path of the main optical path to the branch, and ensuring that when the main road S0FC is cut due to malfunction or maintenance, the other The branch section is still able to maintain a normal power supply state, thereby minimizing the impact of the fault on the S 0 FC transmission signal. Therefore, the introduction of B U in the submarine cable system can realize the function of multi-site communication with each other and greatly save the amount of S0FC, which is very practical.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a method, device, and device for detecting a fault of an underwater device.
  • the method and apparatus for detecting a fault of an underwater device are installed in an underwater device, and may be The change of the environmental state in the underwater device changes the light parameter in the optical signal, so as to detect whether the environmental state in the underwater device changes according to whether the corresponding light parameter in the optical signal is changed, thereby determining whether there is an accident. occur.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for detecting a fault of an underwater device, the method comprising:
  • an embodiment of the present invention further provides a device for detecting a failure of an underwater device, the device comprising: a pair of optical cables respectively disposed on two optical signals for transmitting optical signals for receiving or An optical coupler that transmits a light detection signal;
  • the two optical couplers are connected by an optical fiber that transmits the optical detection signal
  • the optical fiber is provided with a transmissive optical device for adjusting a light parameter in the photodetection signal by sensing a change in a surrounding environmental state parameter when a fault occurs.
  • an embodiment of the present invention further provides an underwater optical cable splitter.
  • the underwater optical cable splitter includes: means for detecting a failure of the underwater device, the device further comprising: a pair of optical cables respectively disposed on the two oppositely transmitting optical signals for receiving or transmitting the optical detection signal through the optical cable Optocoupler
  • the two optical couplers are connected by an optical fiber that transmits the optical detection signal
  • the optical fiber is provided with a transmissive optical device for adjusting a light parameter in the photodetection signal by sensing a change in a surrounding environmental state parameter when a fault occurs.
  • an embodiment of the present invention further provides a device for detecting a failure of an underwater device, the device comprising:
  • the two optical couplers are connected by an optical fiber that transmits the optical detection signal
  • a reflective optical device connected to an output end of the optical coupler, wherein the reflective optical device is configured to adjust light in the light detecting signal by sensing a change in ambient state state when a fault occurs a parameter, and a photodetection signal of the adjusted optical parameter is reflected into the optical fiber.
  • an embodiment of the present invention further provides an underwater optical cable splitter, the underwater optical cable splitter comprising: a device for detecting a fault of an underwater device, the device further comprising: An optical coupler on the optical cable for transmitting optical signals opposite to each other for receiving or transmitting a light detecting signal through the optical cable;
  • the two optical couplers are connected by an optical fiber that transmits the optical detection signal
  • a reflective optical device connected to an output end of the optical coupler, wherein the reflective optical device is configured to adjust a light parameter in the light detecting signal by sensing a change in ambient state state when a fault occurs, and is adjusted A light detecting signal of the optical parameter is reflected into the optical fiber.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for detecting a water seepage failure of a submarine communication device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • 2 is a flow chart of a method for detecting a water seepage failure of a submarine communication device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • 3 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for detecting a water seepage failure of a submarine communication device according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of the light transmitting sensing device of FIG. 3.
  • Fig. 5 is another schematic diagram of an apparatus for detecting a water seepage failure of a submarine communication device according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a device for detecting a water seepage failure of a submarine communication device disposed in an underwater repeater according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for detecting water seepage failure of a submarine communication device according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
  • Figure 8a is a schematic view of the underwater optical cable splitter of the fifth embodiment disposed on the seabed.
  • Figure 8b is a schematic illustration of the underwater cable splitter of Figure 8a provided with means for detecting water seepage failure of the subsea communication device.
  • the embodiment of the invention is a technology for detecting water seepage failure of a submarine communication device.
  • the technology mainly detects whether there is a change in the light parameter in the light detection signal passing through the submarine communication device, and if there is a change, It indicates that there is water seepage in the corresponding submarine communication equipment. If the fault has occurred here, it indicates that the fault is probably caused by water seepage in the communication equipment, which provides an effective basis for judging the cause of communication failure on the seabed.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the method for detecting water seepage failure of a submarine communication device in this embodiment includes:
  • the device is disposed in a submarine communication device similar to a submersible repeater or an underwater optical cable splitter, and the device can receive the optical detection signal transmitted by the onshore device through a submarine cable according to step 101, and the optical detection signal is predetermined.
  • the loop is passed to the onshore device that sends the light detection signal.
  • the predetermined loop is a pre-configured fiber path that transmits the received light detection signal back to the onshore device.
  • the receiving end of the optical detecting signal transmitted by the receiving device on the shore and the transmitting end transmitting the optical detecting signal to the onshore device can be transmitted from the receiving end through the optical fiber.
  • the transmitting end can be connected to a submarine optical cable, and the submarine optical cable is mainly used for transmitting optical service signals transmitted in other directions to the onshore equipment. Therefore, the light detection signal can be returned to the onshore equipment according to a predetermined loop.
  • the parameter changes according to the environmental state in the device. And changing the optical parameter of the light detection signal that is transmitted to the side of the input light detection signal.
  • the photosensitive material when the water seepage inside the equipment, the humidity inside the equipment must be higher than normal, so when the humidity in the equipment changes, the photosensitive material sensitive to the humidity change in the device changes, and the change of the photosensitive material makes the light on the material
  • the refractive index coefficient is changed such that the optical parameter of the photodetection signal is also changed when the photodetection signal is transmitted through the photosensitive material, such as parameters such as power, wavelength, and the like.
  • the photosensitive material may be a tapered optical fiber having a sub-wavelength diameter coated with gelatin. The fiber is disposed in a section of the fiber path. The fiber is very sensitive to changes in humidity. Once the ambient humidity changes, the refractive index coefficient changes accordingly.
  • the light detection signal When the light detection signal is transmitted through the fiber on the fiber path, the light is Power, wavelength and other parameters will change. Thereby, the optical parameter in the light detecting signal transmitted to the input light detecting signal side is made different from the light parameter when the light detecting signal is received.
  • the transmitted light detection signal is sent from the onshore device, so the optical detection signal is returned to the onshore device that sends the optical detection signal according to the predetermined loop in step 101, and the onshore device determines the returned optical detection signal.
  • the optical parameters have changed, such as whether the parameters such as optical power or optical wavelength change, if it changes, the corresponding humidity in the submarine communication equipment is large, and there may be water seepage. If it is detected that the submarine communication equipment is seeping water in the event of a fault, it indicates that the fault of the corresponding equipment is likely caused by water seepage, and it is necessary to eliminate the water seepage accident in time.
  • the onshore equipment determines that the light parameters in the received light detection signal have not changed, it indicates that the corresponding seabed communication device has no water seepage accident.
  • the environmental state parameter in the embodiment includes not only the above-mentioned ambient state humidity parameter, but also an environmental state temperature parameter or an environmental state pressure parameter, that is, a light-transmitting material sensitive to temperature or pressure change may be used, so that When the light transmissive material senses a change in ambient temperature or pressure, its refractive index coefficient also changes. Therefore, step 102 can select a suitable photosensitive material according to the actual situation, thereby achieving the corresponding technical effect. For example, when a fault occurs in a line of underwater equipment, when the light-transmitting material senses a change in ambient temperature, the refractive index coefficient also changes. According to the light-transmitting material, which is a material property sensitive to changes in ambient temperature, Photodetection signal based on changing optical parameters No. It is judged that the temperature in the submarine communication device rises and a fault of the line burnout occurs.
  • An advantage of the embodiment of the present invention is that the method described in the embodiment of the present invention can detect whether a fault occurs in the target communication device on the seabed, and can also accurately find the cause of the failure caused by the submarine communication device.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow block diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the method for detecting water seepage failure of a submarine communication device in this embodiment includes:
  • step 101 in the first embodiment This is the same as step 101 in the first embodiment, and therefore will not be described again.
  • the transmissive optical device for transmitting the photodetection signal or the reflective optical device for reflecting the photodetection signal adjusts a refractive index coefficient of the self device by sensing a change in a state parameter of the surrounding environment;
  • a transmissive optical device and a reflective optical device may be selectively disposed, and the transmissive optical device and the reflective optical device may adjust their refractive index coefficients by sensing changes in ambient state parameters.
  • the transmissive optical device or the reflective optical device in this embodiment is an optical device that is sensitive to changes in ambient conditions (humidity, temperature, or pressure of the surrounding environment), and changes in humidity, temperature, or pressure in the surrounding environment. Then, the refractive index coefficient of the medium itself changes.
  • the transmissive optical device may be a sub-wavelength tapered optical fiber coated with gelatin, and the optical fiber may be disposed in a section of a predetermined fiber path to enable light detection.
  • the signal must pass through the segment of the tapered fiber when it is returned to the input photodetection signal side.
  • the light detecting signal is reflected by the transmissive or reflective optical device of the transmissive optical device, its own optical parameters such as optical power and optical wavelength are changed.
  • the photodetection signal whose optical parameter is changed is transmitted to the input photodetection signal side via a predetermined loop.
  • the optical detection signal that changes the optical parameter is transmitted to the input light detection signal side through another submarine cable in the predetermined loop, for example, the onshore device that inputs the light detection signal, so that the onshore device receives the light detection signal and determines the light detection.
  • the optical parameter in the signal changes, if the result of the determination is a change in the optical parameter, the environmental state in the submarine communication device is changed, that is, the humidity or pressure in the device changes, and the change is most likely due to the device.
  • the result of infiltration of water which leads to the conclusion that a water seepage accident occurred in the equipment.
  • the onshore equipment determines that the light parameters in the received light detection signal have not changed, it indicates that the corresponding seabed communication device has no water seepage accident.
  • the environmental state parameter in this embodiment includes not only the above-mentioned ambient state humidity parameter, but also an environmental state temperature parameter or an environmental state pressure parameter, that is, a transmissive optical device or reflection that is sensitive to temperature or pressure changes.
  • an environmental state temperature parameter or an environmental state pressure parameter that is, a transmissive optical device or reflection that is sensitive to temperature or pressure changes.
  • a type of optical device such that when a transmissive optical device or a reflective optical device senses a change in ambient temperature or pressure, its refractive index coefficient also changes. Therefore, step 202 can select a suitable transmitted optical device or a reflective optical device according to actual conditions, thereby achieving a corresponding technical effect.
  • the transmissive optical device or the reflective optical device senses a change in ambient temperature
  • the refractive index coefficient thereof also changes, according to the transmissive optical device or the reflective optical device.
  • the material property sensitive to the change of the ambient temperature can determine the temperature rise of the submarine communication device according to the light detection signal that changes the optical parameter, and the fault of the line burnout occurs.
  • An advantage of the embodiment of the present invention is that, by selecting an appropriate medium sensitive to the change of the surrounding environment state, the optical parameter of the light detecting signal is adjusted, and whether the corresponding submarine communication device is present according to the specific medium and the light detecting signal that changes the optical parameter is determined. Failure, if there is a fault, the cause of the failure of the submarine communication equipment is known, which greatly facilitates the positioning failure of the submarine communication equipment, and thus Finding the location of the fault provides an effective solution to the maintenance of the submarine communication system.
  • the predetermined loop function is to return the received light detection signal to the input light detection signal side, so that the input light detection signal side determines whether the light parameter in the light detection signal changes, thereby determining Is there an accident? Therefore, the predetermined circuit descriptions in the above embodiments are exemplary, and those skilled in the art can fully design the various limitations of the invention in the above description. Any circuit design with the same function is in the protection scope of the present invention. within.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a device for detecting a water seepage failure of a submarine communication device, wherein the submarine communication device uses an underwater optical cable splitter, that is, a BU, as shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a device for detecting water seepage failure of an underwater optical cable splitter in the present embodiment.
  • BU is an underwater optical cable branching device, it is divided into multiple submarine cables. Therefore, once the water in the BU affects the normal optical service signal transmitted by the optical cable, the global Internet service is blocked, so the detection of the BU will change. It is very necessary.
  • two one-way transmission submarine cables run through the BU.
  • the two submarine cables are connected to the shore and B landing stations.
  • the directions of the two cables transmit signals are opposite, that is, one is transmitted from the shore A landing station.
  • the first optical cable of the shore B landing station, and the other is the second optical cable from the shore B landing station to the shore A landing station, and the optical coupler 301 on the device is placed on the first optical cable in the BU, and the optical coupling is performed.
  • the device 302 is disposed on the second optical cable, wherein the optical coupler is a 2 x 2 interface (ie, two input interface ends, two output interface ends), and the first optical cable enters from an input interface end, from one The output interface is pulled out, so that the optical cable can transmit optical service signals under normal conditions.
  • the two optical couplers are connected by an optical fiber 306 that can transmit optical signals, and are detected by the A landing station.
  • the optical fiber 306 is connected to the first optical cable through the optical coupler 301, and the other end is connected to the optical cable.
  • the coupler 302 has an input interface end connected to the second optical cable, so that two outputs are formed in the optical coupler 301, and two inputs are formed in the optical coupler 302, thus forming a transmission.
  • the optical fiber 306 is provided with a transmissive optical device 303 for adjusting a light parameter in the photodetection signal passing through the device by sensing a change in ambient state state when a water seepage failure occurs.
  • the transmissive optical device 303 on the optical fiber 306 may be a sub-wavelength tapered optical fiber coated with a gelatin on the surface of the optical fiber, as shown in FIG. 4, when the water leakage fault occurs on the tapered optical fiber.
  • the refractive index coefficient of the self is adjusted by sensing the change in ambient humidity to cause the photodetection signal to change the optical parameter according to the changed refractive index coefficient as it passes through the optical fiber.
  • the optical detection signal is transmitted to the landing station A through the second optical cable.
  • the landing station A receives the optical detection signal transmitted by the second optical cable, it is analyzed whether the change of the optical power in the optical detection signal exceeds the normal working time. Power loss, when the analysis result is that the optical power in the optical detection signal exceeds the normal loss, it indicates that the fault in the BU is caused by water seepage. As the humidity increases, the refractive index decreases, so the optical power also decreases.
  • the optical power of the light detection signal changes, so that the light detection signal can be received again according to the power spectrum of the light.
  • the peak value of the optical power before and after the analysis is analyzed, and the conclusion that the BU is inside the water is obtained.
  • the optical power variation of the light detecting signal is related to the sensitive characteristic of the light sensing device sensing humidity.
  • the detection is performed by the A landing station. If the B landing station performs the detection, the optical fiber 306-end passes through the optical coupler 301, and an input interface end is connected to the first optical cable, and the other end is connected. An output interface end is connected to the second optical cable through the optical coupler 302 for transmitting the optical detection signal input from the B landing station.
  • the device provided in the above embodiment can only be set according to the direction of the input light detection signal. Once the opposite direction is to participate in the detection, the connection mode of the optical fiber 306 must be reconfigured, but in the seabed environment, it is necessary to re Configuring the connection of the fiber 306 is not only cumbersome but also costly.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides an optimization method.
  • the optical fiber 306 may be coupled to the optical coupler 301.
  • the remaining one is connected to the input interface, and the other end is connected to the left of the optical coupler 302.
  • a light reflector 304, 305 can be mounted, each of the light reflectors 304, 305 for detecting the light transmitted on the respective optical cable.
  • the signal is reflected into the optical fiber such that the optical detection signal is transmitted through an optical fiber to an optical coupler in a predetermined loop.
  • the optical reflector 304 can reflect the optical detection signal into the optical fiber 306, and finally A logs in.
  • the station receives the light detection signal from the second optical cable; inputs the light detection signal to the second optical cable at the B landing station, and when the optical coupler 302 branches the output to the light reflector 305, the light reflector 305 can transmit the light detection signal Reflected into the optical fiber 306, the final B landing station receives the optical detection signal from the first optical cable; the other processes are almost the same as the above-described scheme, and only the optical detection signal is transmitted in the opposite direction, and therefore will not be described again.
  • the device described in this embodiment is not limited by the direction of the input light detection signal, and any two-point landing station can initiate detection, and can also selectively configure one or two according to actual needs when initially setting.
  • the light reflector greatly improves the flexibility of detection.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the apparatus in the present embodiment disposed in the underwater repeater. Since the underwater repeater is provided with components such as optical signal amplifiers, the device can be connected in the underwater repeater by means of 0UT-0UT or 0UT-IN, for example, by using 0UT-0UT.
  • the amplifier on the second optical cable is disposed at the input interface end of the optical coupler 302; when the NMOS-IN is set, the amplifier on the second optical cable is disposed at the output interface end of the optical coupler 302.
  • the flexible connection mode can be set according to actual needs, but does not affect the technical effects achieved by the device in this embodiment. The implementation manner is the same as the above, and therefore will not be described again.
  • the optical parameters in the photodetection signal do not change. Therefore, when the onshore device determines that the optical parameter in the received photodetection signal has not changed, it indicates that the corresponding submarine communication device has no water seepage accident.
  • an example of water seepage failure is taken as an example, and it cannot be considered as a limitation on the scope of protection.
  • the transmissive optical device senses a change in ambient temperature, its refractive index coefficient also changes. At this time, the transmissive optical device is an optical device sensitive to changes in ambient temperature.
  • the transmissive optical device can not only sense the ambient state humidity, but also sense the ambient state temperature or the ambient state pressure, and can be flexibly set according to different application scenarios.
  • the embodiment of the invention has the advantages that it can be set in the submarine communication device and detect whether there is a water seepage accident in the submarine communication device, not only adapt to different submarine communication devices, but also can detect water seepage failure of the submarine communication device at different landing stations.
  • the utility model has the advantages of simple structure and convenient use, and is widely applicable to submarine communication equipment.
  • the embodiment of the present invention further provides a device for detecting water seepage failure of a submarine communication device, wherein the submarine communication device uses an underwater optical cable splitter, that is, a BU, as shown in FIG. 7 .
  • a device for detecting water seepage failure of an underwater optical cable splitter in the present embodiment uses an underwater optical cable splitter, that is, a BU, as shown in FIG. 7 .
  • 7 is a schematic structural view of a device for detecting water seepage failure of an underwater optical cable splitter in the present embodiment.
  • the two one-way transmission submarine cables in Figure 7 run through the BU, and the two submarine lights
  • the cables are connected to the X and Y landing stations on the shore.
  • the direction of the signals transmitted by the two optical cables is opposite, that is, the first optical cable is transmitted from the shore X landing station to the shore landing station, and the other is transmitted from the shore landing station.
  • the optical coupler 601 on the device is disposed on the first optical cable in the BU, and the optical coupler 602 is disposed on the second optical cable, wherein the optical coupler is 2 X 2 interface (ie two input interface ends, two output interface ends), the first optical cable enters from an input interface end, and is pulled out from an output interface end, so that the optical cable can transmit optical service signals under normal conditions.
  • the two optical couplers are connected by an optical fiber 603 capable of transmitting an optical signal. One end of the optical fiber 603 is connected to an input interface end of the optical coupler 601, and the other end is connected to an input interface end of the optical coupler 602.
  • a reflective optical device 604, 605 is mounted on each of the remaining output interfaces of the two optical couplers 601, 602.
  • the reflective optical devices 604, 605 are used to sense the reflective optical device when a water seepage failure occurs.
  • the ambient humidity change adjusts the light parameter in the light detection signal, and reflects the light detection signal of the changed light parameter into the optical fiber, so that the light detection signal with the changed optical parameter is transmitted along the optical fiber to
  • the other optical coupler is transmitted to the onshore X landing station via the second optical cable.
  • the light-reflecting optical device (such as a reflective grating) 604, 605 is mainly used to adjust the refractive index coefficient of the device by sensing a change in ambient state state when a fault occurs, so that the reflective optical device is The light parameter in the light detection signal is changed by changing the refractive index coefficient when the received light detection signal is reflected.
  • the reflected light detection signal is transmitted through the optical fiber to the optical cable to which the other optical coupler is connected, and transmitted to the landing station transmitting the light detection signal via the optical cable.
  • the reflective optical device in the example is a humidity sensitive reflective grating, and the optical detection signal is a single wavelength optical signal.
  • Fig. 7 it is assumed that there is a water seepage fault in the BU between the landing station X and the landing station, and it is necessary to perform water seepage detection on the BU between the landing station X and the landing station, and the onshore device at the login station X passes through the first optical cable to the BU.
  • the wavelength of the transmitted light is ⁇ ! Light detection signal, the light detection signal passes through the first optical cable
  • the optical coupler 601 is reached, the two outputs of the two interfaces are reflected by the grating 604 on one of the output interfaces into the optical fiber 603.
  • the grating 604 changes itself by sensing the humidity of the surrounding environment.
  • the optical detection signal is transmitted to the landing station X through the second optical cable.
  • the landing station X receives the optical detection signal transmitted by the second optical cable, it is analyzed whether the optical power change in the optical detection signal exceeds the optical power during normal operation. Loss, when the change in power exceeds the optical power loss during normal operation, it indicates that the fault in the BU is caused by water seepage.
  • a single-wavelength photodetection signal is taken as an example, but a multi-wavelength incident scene can also be applied.
  • the principle is the same as the example, that is, a photodetection signal of a different wavelength is transmitted to the device, and a photodetection signal of each wavelength is transmitted. It can be regarded as the single-wavelength light detection signal in this example.
  • the landing station After the detection of the device, the landing station will sequentially receive the light detection signals of the respective wavelengths, and analyze whether there is a change exceeding the normal optical power to obtain the underwater communication device. Whether the conclusion of water seepage.
  • This embodiment can also be detected by optical power, and the method thereof is almost the same as that of the third embodiment, and therefore will not be described again.
  • the device for detecting the water seepage failure of the submarine communication device in the embodiment may also be disposed in the underwater repeater, similar to the third embodiment, and may also be relayed underwater under the manner of 0UT-0UT or 0UT-IN.
  • the flexible connection mode of the connection in the device can be set according to the actual needs, but the technical effects achieved by the device in the embodiment are not affected, and the implementation manner is the same as the above, and therefore will not be described again.
  • the light parameters in the light detection signal do not occur. Change, so when the onshore device judges that the light parameter in the received light detection signal has not changed, it indicates that the corresponding submarine communication device has no water seepage accident.
  • This embodiment is exemplified by a water seepage failure as an example, and cannot be considered as a limitation on the protection range.
  • the reflective optical device senses a change in ambient temperature, its refractive index coefficient also changes. At this time, the reflective optical device is an optical device sensitive to changes in ambient temperature.
  • the reflective optical device not only can sense the ambient state humidity, but also can sense the ambient state temperature or the environmental state pressure, and can be flexibly set according to different application scenarios.
  • each reflective optical device corresponds to one landing station, that is, from one according to the above embodiments and the present embodiment.
  • the landing station initiates the detection, only one reflective optical device corresponding to the landing station is needed. Therefore, the two reflective optical devices in this embodiment cannot be used as an example to limit the protection scope of the present invention.
  • An advantage of the embodiment of the present invention compared with the third embodiment is that the embodiment does not need to provide a specific transmissive optical device on the optical fiber, and the reflective optical device with humidity sensitivity can reflect the optical detection signal onto the optical fiber. Before, the light parameters in the light detection signal are changed according to the change of the surrounding humidity, so that the structure of the whole device is simpler, and the same can be adapted to various communication devices installed on the seabed and detecting whether there is a water seepage accident in the submarine communication device, or Water leakage fault detection of submarine communication equipment at different landing stations.
  • the embodiment of the present invention can provide an underwater optical cable splitter, that is, a BU, as shown in FIG. 8a and FIG. 8b, and FIG. 8b is a schematic structural diagram of the underwater optical cable splitter in the present embodiment.
  • the underwater cable splitter includes three devices for detecting a malfunction of the underwater device, and each device further includes:
  • the two optical couplers are connected by an optical fiber that transmits the optical detection signal;
  • the optical fiber is provided with a transmissive optical device for adjusting a light parameter in the photodetection signal by sensing a change in a surrounding environmental state parameter when a fault occurs.
  • the BU described in this embodiment will log in to the station A and log in.
  • Station B and landing station C are connected together, wherein a device for detecting the failure of the underwater device is installed between the optical cables connecting the landing station A and the landing station B, and is used for detecting the failure of the corresponding connection landing station A and the landing station B optical cable in the BU.
  • the device connecting the landing station B and the landing station C is also equipped with a device for detecting the failure of the underwater device, for detecting the failure of the corresponding connection landing station C and the landing station B cable in the BU; connecting the landing station A and the landing station C A device for detecting the failure of the underwater device is also installed between the optical cables, and is used for detecting a fault in the BU corresponding to the connection of the landing station A and the landing station C cable.
  • the advantage of this is that it is possible to detect the position of the fiber optic cable corresponding to each landing station in the BU, so as to accurately determine which of the two landing stations are connected to the fault in the BU.
  • the structure and function of the device have been clearly explained in the above embodiments, and will not be described herein.
  • the embodiment of the present invention can also provide an underwater optical cable splitter, that is, the BU is taken as an example, and the underwater optical cable splitter in FIG. 8b includes three devices for detecting underwater equipment faults, for example, each device Further includes:
  • the two optical couplers are connected by an optical fiber that transmits the optical detection signal
  • a reflective optical device connected to an output end of the optical coupler, wherein the reflective optical device is configured to adjust a light parameter in the light detecting signal by sensing a change in ambient state state when a fault occurs, and is adjusted A light detecting signal of the optical parameter is reflected into the optical fiber.
  • the apparatus for detecting the malfunction of the underwater equipment differs from the apparatus for detecting the malfunction of the underwater equipment according to the first embodiment of the present invention only in that the former is implemented using a transmissive optical device, and the latter is implemented using a reflective optical device.
  • the structure and function of the device have been clearly described in the above embodiments, and the function of the BU is the same as that described above, and details are not described herein again.
  • a person skilled in the art can select a device for detecting a fault of the underwater device in the BU according to the actual cost and the condition of the test, thereby achieving the purpose of detecting the fault in the BU.
  • the embodiments of the present invention have the advantages that they can be applied to various communication devices on the seabed, and fault detection of these submarine devices greatly facilitates the positioning of submarine communication equipment faults and improves the fault of finding submarine equipment. s efficiency.
  • the device (shown by the dashed box in Fig. 8b) of the embodiment of the present invention can be installed between a plurality of optical cables, thereby achieving the purpose of detecting faults of the respective BUs.

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Description

检测水下设备故障的方法、 装置及设备 本申请要求于 2009 年 8 月 27 日提交中国专利局、 申请号为 200910171248. 3 , 发明名称为 "检测水下设备故障的方法、 装置及设备" 的 中国专利申请的优先权， 其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。 技术领域 本发明涉及光通信技术领域， 特别涉及一种检测水下设备故障的方法、 装置及设备。
背景技术 随着全球通信技术的快速发展， 水下传输设备的安全性和可靠性越来越 受到各国通信设备制造商、 设备供应商等相关厂商的重视， 因为一旦这些设 备出现故障不仅影响正常通信， 而且维修成本非常大。 以互联网通信为例， 连接全世界的互联网每时每刻都在传递着数以万计的通信信息， 这些通信信 息主要是都过岸上设备和水下设备来传送， 岸上设备将通信信息打包传输， 水下设备则将包含这些信息的通信信号处理、 发送和接收。 而水下设备主要 包括海底光缆（Submar ine Opt i ca l F iber Cab le 简称 SOFC )、 水下中继 器 ( Submar ine Repeater简称 RPT )和水下光缆分路器 ( Branching Uni t 简 称 BU )。 以 BU为例， BU是一种光信号分支装置， 实现将主光路的部分光信号 或者部分光波合或分到支路的功能，并且保证当主干路 S0FC由于故障或者维 修需要被切断时， 其他支路部分仍然能够保持正常的供电状态， 从而尽可能 的减少故障对 S 0 F C传输信号的影响。所以在海缆系统引入 B U可以实现多站 点互相通讯的功能并且大大节省 S0FC用量， 极具实用价值。
发明人在实现本发明的过程中发现现有技术中存在的缺陷在于： 一旦水 下设备出现故障必将影响互联网的正常通信， 所以快速定位故障及确定故障 原因将变得非常重要。 而在水下设备的故障中， 很多是由这些设备内部渗水 或线路烧毁引发的， 这些故障发生就将导致该设备功能失效， 从而使得某段 光缆丧失传输信号的能力， 必将给正常通信带来不便， 所以如何能有效检测
发明内容 为了有效检测水下设备发生的故障， 本发明实施例提供一种检测水下设 备故障的方法、 装置及设备， 该检测水下设备故障的方法及装置安装在水下 设备中， 可以根据水下设备内的环境状态的变化改变光信号中的光参数， 从 而只要检测出光信号中的相应光参数是否改变即可获知该水下设备内的环境 状态是否发生变化， 从而判断出是否有事故发生。
为了实现上述发明目的， 本发明实施例提供一种检测水下设备故障的方 法， 所述方法包括：
接收输入的光检测信号， 并将所述光检测信号按照预定的回路传向输入 的光检测信号侧；
当故障发生时， 根据周围环境状态参量的变化， 改变所述传向输入光检 测信号侧的光检测信号的光参数， 以使所述输入光检测信号侧根据所述光检 测信号的光参数的改变， 判断出故障发生。
为了实现上述发明目的， 本发明实施例还提供一种检测水下设备故障的 装置， 所述装置包括： 一对分别设置在两个相向传输光信号的光缆上的用于 通过所述光缆接收或发送光检测信号的光耦合器；
所述两光耦合器通过传输所述光检测信号的光纤相连；
所述光纤上设置有透射型光器件，所述透射型光器件用于当故障发生时， 通过感应周围环境状态参量变化， 调节所述光检测信号中的光参数。
为了实现上述发明目的， 本发明实施例还提供一种水下光缆分路器， 所 述水下光缆分路器包括： 检测水下设备故障的装置， 所述装置进一步包括： 一对分别设置在两个相向传输光信号的光缆上的用于通过所述光缆接收 或发送光检测信号的光耦合器；
所述两光耦合器通过传输所述光检测信号的光纤相连；
所述光纤上设置有透射型光器件，所述透射型光器件用于当故障发生时， 通过感应周围环境状态参量变化， 调节所述光检测信号中的光参数。
为了实现上述发明目的， 本发明实施例还提供一种检测水下设备故障的 装置， 所述装置包括：
一对分别设置在两个相向传输光信号的光缆上的用于通过所述光缆接收 或发送光检测信号的光耦合器；
所述两光耦合器通过传输所述光检测信号的光纤相连；
与所述光耦合器一输出端相连的反射型光器件， 所述反射型光器件用于 当故障发生时所述反射型光器件通过感应周围环境状态参量变化调节所述光 检测信号中的光参数， 并将被调节光参数的光检测信号反射至所述光纤中。
为了实现上述发明目的， 本发明实施例还提供一种水下光缆分路器， 所 述水下光缆分路器包括： 检测水下设备故障的装置， 所述装置进一步包括： 一对分别设置在两个相向传输光信号的光缆上的用于通过所述光缆接收 或发送光检测信号的光耦合器；
所述两光耦合器通过传输所述光检测信号的光纤相连；
与所述光耦合器一输出端相连的反射型光器件， 所述反射型光器件用于 当故障发生时通过感应周围环境状态参量变化调节所述光检测信号中的光参 数， 并将被调节光参数的光检测信号反射至所述光纤中。 本发明实施例的有 益效果在于， 可以检测水下的目标设备内是否发生故障， 从而为准确查找到 水下设备引发故障的原因提供有效解决的途径。
附图说明 为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案， 下面将对实施例描述中所 需要使用的附图作简单地介绍， 显而易见地， 下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发 明的一些实施例， 对于本领域普通技术人员来讲， 在不付出创造性劳动性的 前提下， 还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图 1为本发明实施例一的检测海底通信设备渗水故障的方法的流程图。 图 2为本发明实施例二的检测海底通信设备渗水故障的方法的流程图。 图 3为本发明实施例三的检测海底通信设备渗水故障的装置的一种示意 图。
图 4为图 3中透光感应器件的结构示意图。
图 5为本发明实施例三的检测海底通信设备渗水故障的装置的另一种示 意图。
图 6为本发明实施例三的检测海底通信设备渗水故障的装置设置在水下 中继器内的示意图。
图 7为本发明实施例四的检测海底通信设备渗水故障的装置的示意图。 图 8a为实施例五设置在海底的图水下光缆分路器的示意图。
图 8b为图 8a中的水下光缆分路器设置有检测海底通信设备渗水故障的装 置的示意图。
具体实施方式 下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图， 对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行 清楚、 完整地描述， 显然， 所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例， 而不是 全部的实施例。 基于本发明中的实施例， 本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创 造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例， 都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明实施例为一种检测海底通信设备渗水故障的技术。 该技术主要是 检测通过海底通信设备的光检测信号中的光参数是否有变化， 若有变化， 则 说明相应海底通信设备内有渗水现象， 若此处的故障已发生则说明该故障很 可能是由于通信设备内渗水所致， 为判断海底发生通信故障原因提供了有效 的依据。
在此， 本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明， 但并不作为对 本发明的限定。
实施例一
本发明实施例提供一种检测海底通信设备渗水故障的方法，如图 1所示， 图 1为本发明实施例的流程框图。 从图 1 中可以看出， 本实施例中的检测海 底通信设备渗水故障的方法包括：
101.接收输入的光检测信号， 并将所述光检测信号按照预定的回路传向 输入的光检测信号侧；
102.当故障发生时， 根据周围环境状态参量的变化， 改变所述传向输入 光检测信号侧的光检测信号的光参数， 以使所述输入光检测信号侧根据所述 光检测信号的光参数的改变， 判断出故障发生。
由于海底光缆主要用于传输的光业务信号， 而这些光业务信号必经过海 底的其他通信设备， 比如水下中继器或水下光缆分路器， 所以将用于检测海 底通信设备渗水故障的装置设置在类似水下中继器或水下光缆分路器的海底 通信设备中， 该装置根据步骤 101 通过一条海底光缆可以接收岸上设备发送 的光检测信号， 并将所述光检测信号按照预定的回路传向发送光检测信号的 该岸上设备。 其中所述预定的回路是预先设置的将接收到光检测信号传输回 该岸上设备的光纤通路。 比如在用于检测海底通信设备渗水故障的装置内的 连接接收岸上设备发送的光检测信号的接收端与向岸上设备发送光检测信号 的发送端的光纤， 光检测信号即可从接收端通过光纤传输至发送端。 而发送 端可与一条海底光缆相接， 该海底光缆主要用于将其他方向发送的光业务信 号传输至该岸上设备。 所以光检测信号就可以根据预定的回路返回岸上设备。 步骤 102 中在海底通信设备内发生渗水时， 根据设备内的环境状态参量的变 化， 改变所述传向输入光检测信号侧的光检测信号的光参数。 比如当设备内 渗水时， 设备内的湿度必定比正常时高， 所以当设备内湿度改变时， 该装置 中对湿度变化敏感的感光材料就会变化， 而感光材料的变化使得该材料上的 光折射率系数改变， 从而当所述光检测信号透射过该感光材料时所述光检测 信号的光参数也被改变， 比如光的功率、 波长等参数。 其中， 这种感光材料 可以是一种表面涂有白明胶（ge la t in ) 的亚波长直径的锥形光纤。 该光纤设 置在光纤通路的一段中， 这种光纤对湿度的变化非常敏感， 一旦周围湿度变 化， 则其折射率系数就对应改变， 光检测信号透射过光纤通路上的这段光纤 时， 光的功率、 波长等参数就会改变。 从而使得传输到输入的光检测信号侧 的光检测信号中的光参数与接收该光检测信号时的光参数不同。 由于本实施 例中发送光检测信号是从岸上设备发送的， 所以根据步骤 101 中的预定回路 向该发送所述光检测信号的岸上设备返回该光检测信号， 岸上设备判断返回 的光检测信号中的光参数是否有变化， 比如光功率或光波长等参数是否改变， 若改变则说明相应的海底通信设备内湿度较大， 可能有渗水现象。 若是在发 生故障时检测出海底通信设备有渗水， 则说明相应设备的故障很可能是由渗 水引起的， 需要及时将排除渗水事故。
同理， 若没有渗水发生， 则光检测信号中的光参数不发生变化， 所以当 岸上设备判断接收到的光检测信号中的光参数没有变化时， 说明相应海底通 信设备没有渗水事故发生。
需要说明的是本实施例中环境状态参量不仅包括上述的周围环境状态湿 度参量， 还可以是环境状态温度参量或环境状态压力参量， 即可以用对温度 或压力变化敏感的透光材料， 使得当透光材料感应到周围温度或压力变化时， 其折射率系数也随之改变。 所以步骤 102 可根据实际情况选择合适的感光材 料， 从而达到相应的技术效果。 比如当水下设备发生线路烧毁的故障时， 当 透光材料感应到周围温度变化时， 其折射率系数也随之改变， 根据透光材料 是一种对周围温度变化敏感的材料特性， 即可根据改变了光参数的光检测信 号判断出该海底通信设备内温度升高， 出现线路烧毁的故障。
本发明实施例的优点在于， 通过本发明实施例所述的方法可以检测海底 的目标通信设备内是否出现故障， 也可以准确查找到海底通信设备引发故障 的原因。
实施例二
本发明实施例提供一种检测海底通信设备渗水故障的方法， 以检测海底 通信设备渗水故障的装置为例， 如图 1所示， 图 1为本发明实施例的流程框 图。 从图 2 中可以看出， 本实施例中的检测海底通信设备渗水故障的方法包 括：
201.接收输入的光检测信号， 并将所述光检测信号按照预定的回路传向 输入的光检测信号侧；
此处与实施例一中的步骤 101相同， 故不再赘述。
202.当渗水故障发生时， 用于透射所述光检测信号的透射型光器件或用 于反射光检测信号的反射型光器件通过感应周围环境状态参量的变化调节自 身器件的折射率系数；
本实施例的渗水故障检测装置中可选择设置透射型光器件和反射型光器 件， 透射型光器件和反射型光器件会通过感应周围环境状态参量的变化对应 调节自身的折射率系数。 本实施例中的透射型光器件或反射型光器件都是使 用的对周围环境状态 （周围环境的湿度、 温度或压力） 变化敏感的光器件， 一旦周围环境中的湿度、 温度或压力发生变化， 则介质自身的折射率系数也 随之改变。 以感应湿度的透射型光器件为例， 这种透射型光器件可以是一种 表面涂有白明胶的亚波长直径的锥形光纤， 该光纤可以设置在预定光纤通路 的一段中， 使得光检测信号向所述输入的光检测信号侧返回传输时必经过该 段锥形光纤。
203.对应调节的透射型光器件或反射型光器件的折射率系数改变所述光 检测信号的光参数， 以使所述输入光检测信号侧根据所述光检测信号的光参 数的改变， 判断出故障发生。
此处， 由于光检测信号经透射型光器件的透射或反射型光器件的反射改 变了自身的光参数， 如光功率和光波长等参数。 而改变了光参数的光检测信 号经预定的回路传向所述输入的光检测信号侧。 比如通过预定的回路中的另 一海底光缆将改变了光参数的光检测信号传输至输入光检测信号侧， 比如输 入光检测信号的岸上设备， 使得岸上设备接收到该光检测信号后判断光检测 信号中的光参数是否改变， 若判断结果为光参数改变， 即可得出该海底通信 设备内的环境状态发生改变， 即设备内的湿度或压力发生变化， 这种变化最 有可能是由于设备内渗水引起的， 从而得出该设备内发生渗水事故的结论。
同理， 若没有渗水发生， 则光检测信号中的光参数不发生变化， 所以当 岸上设备判断接收到的光检测信号中的光参数没有变化时， 说明相应海底通 信设备没有渗水事故发生。
需要说明的是本实施例中环境状态参量不仅包括上述的周围环境状态湿 度参量， 还可以是环境状态温度参量或环境状态压力参量， 即可以用对温度 或压力变化敏感的透射型光器件或反射型光器件， 使得当透射型光器件或反 射型光器件感应到周围温度或压力变化时， 其折射率系数也随之改变。 所以 步骤 202 可根据实际情况选择合适的透射光器件或反射光器件， 从而达到相 应的技术效果。 比如当水下设备发生线路烧毁的故障时， 当透射型光器件或 反射型光器件感应到周围温度变化时， 其折射率系数也随之改变， 根据透射 型光器件或反射型光器件是一种对周围温度变化敏感的材料特性， 即可根据 改变了光参数的光检测信号判断出该海底通信设备内温度升高， 出现线路烧 毁的故障。
本发明实施例的优点在于， 通过选择合适的对周围环境状态变换敏感的 介质调节光检测信号的光参数， 根据特定的介质以及改变了光参数的光检测 信号判断出相应海底通信设备内是否出现故障， 若出现故障则可知道海底通 信设备引发故障的原因， 大大方便了对海底通信设备进行定位故障， 从而及 时找出故障位置， 对海底通信系统的维护提供了有效的解决途径。 在上述方法实施例中预定的回路的作用是将接收到的光检测信号回传至 输入光检测信号侧， 以使输入光检测信号侧判断所述光检测信号中的光参数 是否改变， 从而判断是否有事故发生。 所以上述实施例中的预定的回路说明 都是示例性的， 本领域技术人员完全可以上述说明设计出多种相同作用的回 本发明的限制， 任何相同作用的回路设计都在本发明的保护范围之内。
实施例三
为了更好的实现上述实施例中的方法， 本发明实施例提供一种检测海底 通信设备渗水故障的装置，其中海底通信设备以水下光缆分路器，即 BU为例， 如图 3所示， 图 3为本实施中检测水下光缆分路器渗水故障装置的结构示意 图。
由于 BU是一种水下光缆分路设备， 分合多条海底光缆， 所以一旦 BU中 渗水， 影响到光缆传输正常的光业务信号， 从而使得全球互联网的业务受阻， 所以对 BU进行检测将变得非常必要。
图 3中两条单向传输型海底光缆贯穿于 BU中，这两条海底光缆都连接岸 上 、 B两登陆站， 两光缆传输信号的方向是相向的， 即一条是从岸上 A登陆 站传向岸上 B登陆站的第一光缆， 另一条是从岸上 B登陆站传向岸上 A登陆 站的第二光缆， 在 BU中将本装置上的光耦合器 301设置所述第一光缆上， 光 耦合器 302设置在所述第二光缆上， 其中所述光耦合器是 2 x 2接口 （即两个 输入接口端、 两个输出接口端） 的， 第一光缆从一个输入接口端进入， 从一 个输出接口端拉出， 从而使得光缆在正常情况下可以传输光业务信号。 所述 两光耦合器通过可以传输光信号的光纤 306相连， 以 A登陆站进行检测为例 该光纤 306—端通过光耦合器 301剩下一输出接口端与第一光缆连接， 另一 端通过光耦合器 302剩下一输入接口端与第二光缆连接，使得在光耦合器 301 形成两个输出端， 在光耦合器 302 形成两个输入端， 这样就形成了一条传输 光信号的回路。 所述光纤 306 上设置有透射型光器件 303 , 该透射型光器件 303 用于当渗水故障发生时所述器件通过感应周围环境状态参量变化调节经 过该器件的所述光检测信号中的光参数。其中光纤 306上的透射型光器件 303 可以是一段设置在光纤上的表面涂有白明胶的亚波长直径的锥形光纤，如图 4 所示， 当渗水故障发生时所述锥形光纤上的通过感应周围环境湿度变化调节 自身的折射率系数， 以使所述光检测信号在通过所述光纤时， 根据改变的折 射率系数改变光参数。
为了使本领域技术人员充分理解本实施例所述的检测海底通信设备渗水 故障的装置， 下面详细描述本装置的工作过程， 需要说明的是此处的描述是 示例性的， 不能作为限制本发明的保护范围。
在图 3中假设登陆站 A与登陆站 B之间的 BU出现渗水故障，需要对登陆 站 A与登陆站 B之间的 BU进行渗水检测， 登录站 A处的岸上设备通过第一光 缆向 BU发送光检测信号， 该光检测信号通过第一光缆到达光耦合器 301时， 从两个端口分支输出，其中光检测信号可通过光纤 306的分支向光耦合器 302 传输。 由于 BU内部渗水， 使得 BU内部湿度上升， 透射型光器件 303通过感 应周围环境湿度变化调节自身的折射率系数， 光检测信号在透射过光纤 306 上的透射型光器件 303 时， 根据折射率系数的变化相应的改变了自身的光功 率， 并通过光纤 306从另一光耦合器 302的输入端传输至第二光缆上， 由于 第二光缆传输信号的方向与第一光缆传输信号的方向相对， 所以， 该光检测 信号通过第二光缆传输至登陆站 A,当登陆站 A接收到第二光缆传输的光检测 信号时， 分析所述光检测信号中的光功率的改变是否超过正常工作时的功率 损耗， 当分析结果为所述光检测信号中的光功率超过了正常损耗， 则说明该 BU 中的故障时由渗水引起的。 由于湿度增加， 折射率系数降低， 所以光功率 也会降低。
本实施例中若发送的光检测信号为一种连续的光信号， 则在 BU渗水时， 光检测信号的光功率变化， 使得再次接收到光检测信号后可根据光的功率谱 分析出前后光功率的峰值变化， 从而得出 BU内部渗水的结论。 需要说明的是 光检测信号的光功率变化与透光感应器件感应湿度的灵敏特性有关。
需要说明的是， 上述实施例是以 A登陆站进行检测为例， 若以 B登陆站 进行检测， 则光纤 306—端通过光耦合器 301剩下一输入接口端与第一光缆 连接， 另一端通过光耦合器 302 剩下一输出接口端与第二光缆连接， 用于传 输从 B登陆站输入的光检测信号。 由此可以看出上述本实施例所提供的装置 只能根据输入的光检测信号的方向进行设置， 一旦反方向要参与检测时， 必 须重新配置光纤 306的连接方式， 但在海底环境中要重新配置光纤 306的连 接方式不仅非常繁瑣而且成本太高。
所以， 本发明实施例在此基础上提出一种优化方法， 如图 5所示， 在本 发明实施例所述的检测海底通信设备渗水故障的装置中， 光纤 306 —端可以 与光耦合器 301剩下一输入接口端连接， 另一端与光耦合器 302剩下一输入 接口端连接。 这样在两光耦合器 301、 302的剩下的输出接口端可各安装一个 光反射器 304、 305 , 所述光反射器 304、 305分别用于将各自对应的光缆上传 输的所述光检测信号反射至所述光纤中， 从而使得光检测信号按照预定的回 路通过光纤传输至一光耦合器中。 所以在 A登陆站输入光检测信号至第一光 缆上， 并在光耦合器 301分支输出至光反射器 304时， 所述光反射器 304可 以将光检测信号反射至光纤 306 中， 最终 A登陆站从第二光缆接收光检测信 号； 在 B登陆站输入光检测信号至第二光缆上， 并在光耦合器 302分支输出 至光反射器 305时， 所述光反射器 305可以将光检测信号反射至光纤 306中， 最终 B登陆站从第一光缆接收光检测信号； 其他过程与上述方案几乎相同， 仅是光检测信号传输的方向相反， 故不再赘述。 这种方式使得本实施例所述 的装置不受输入光检测信号方向的限制， 任何两点的登陆站都可以发起检测， 而且在最初设置时也可以根据实际需要有选择的配置一个或两个光反射器， 大大提高了检测的灵活性。
本实施例所述的检测海底通信设备渗水故障的装置还可以设置在水下中 继器中， 如图 6所示， 图 6为本实施例中的装置设置在水下中继器中的示意 图。 由于水下中继器中设置有光信号放大器等部件， 所以该装置可通过 0UT-0UT 的方式或 0UT-IN 的方式在水下中继器中进行连接设置， 比如釆用 0UT-0UT 的方式设置时第二光缆上的放大器设置在光耦合器 302 的输入接口 端； 釆用 0UT-IN的方式设置时第二光缆上的放大器设置在光耦合器 302的输 出接口端。 这种灵活的连接方式可根据实际需要进行设置， 但不会影响本实 施例所述装置达到的技术效果， 其实施方式与上述相同， 故不再赘述。
需要说明的是若没有渗水发生， 则光检测信号中的光参数不发生变化， 所以当岸上设备判断接收到的光检测信号中的光参数没有变化时， 说明相应 海底通信设备没有渗水事故发生。 本实施例以渗水故障为例进行实例性说明 , 不能以此认为是对保护范围的限制。 比如当水下设备发生线路烧毁的故障时， 当透射型光器件感应到周围温度变化时， 其折射率系数也随之改变， 此时透 射型光器件是一种对周围温度变化敏感的光器件， 即可根据改变了光参数的 光检测信号判断出该海底通信设备内温度升高， 出现线路烧毁的故障。 所以 该透射型光器件不仅可以感应环境状态湿度， 还可以感应环境状态温度或环 境状态压力， 根据不同应用场景灵活设置。
本发明实施例的优点在于， 可以设置在海底通信设备中并检测海底通信 设备内是否有渗水事故发生， 不仅适应不同的海底通信设备， 而且可在不同 的登陆站进行海底通信设备渗水故障检测， 结构简单， 使用方便， 广泛适用 于海底通信设备中。
实施例四
为了更好的实现上述实施例中的方法， 本发明实施例还提供一种检测海 底通信设备渗水故障的装置， 其中海底通信设备以水下光缆分路器， 即 BU为 例， 如图 7所示， 图 7为本实施中检测水下光缆分路器渗水故障装置的结构 示意图。
与图 3类似图 7中两条单向传输型海底光缆贯穿于 BU中，这两条海底光 缆都连接岸上 X、 Y两登陆站， 两光缆传输信号的方向是相向的， 即一条是从 岸上 X登陆站传向岸上 Υ登陆站的第一光缆， 另一条是从岸上 Υ登陆站传向 岸上 X登陆站的第二光缆， 在 BU中将本装置上的光耦合器 601设置在所述第 一光缆上， 光耦合器 602设置在所述第二光缆上， 其中所述光耦合器是 2 X 2 接口 （即两个输入接口端、 两个输出接口端） 的， 第一光缆从一个输入接口 端进入， 从一个输出接口端拉出， 从而使得光缆在正常情况下可以传输光业 务信号。 所述两光耦合器通过可以传输光信号的光纤 603相连， 该光纤 603 一端与光耦合器 601剩下一输入接口端连接， 另一端与光耦合器 602剩下一 输入接口端连接。 在两光耦合器 601、 602的剩下的输出接口端各安装一个反 射型光器件 604、 605 , 所述反射型光器件 604、 605用于当渗水故障发生时所 述反射型光器件通过感应周围环境湿度变化调节所述光检测信号中的光参 数， 并将被改变光参数的光检测信号反射至所述光纤中， 从而使得所述改变 了光参数的光检测信号沿所述光纤传输至另一光耦合器上， 并通过第二光缆 传输至岸上 X登陆站。 其中所述光反射型光器件（比如： 反射光栅） 604、 605 主要用于当故障发生时所述器件通过感应周围环境状态参量变化调节自身的 折射率系数， 从而使得所述反射型光器件在反射接收到的所述光检测信号时 通过改变了折射率系数改变所述光检测信号中的光参数。 被反射的光检测信 号经光纤传输至另一光耦合器所连接的光缆上， 并经该光缆传输至发送光检 测信号的登陆站。
为了使本领域技术人员充分理解本实施例所述的检测海底通信设备渗水 故障的装置， 下面详细描述本装置的工作过程， 需要说明的是此处的描述是 示例性的， 不能作为限制本发明的保护范围。
示例中的反射型光器件为对湿度敏感的反射型光栅， 光检测信号为单波 长的光信号。 在图 7中假设登陆站 X与登陆站 Υ之间的 BU出现渗水故障， 需 要对登陆站 X与登陆站 Υ之间的 BU进行渗水检测， 登录站 X处的岸上设备通 过第一光缆向 BU发送光波长为 λ！的光检测信号，该光检测信号通过第一光缆 到达光耦合器 601时，在输出的两个接口中被其中一个输出接口上的光栅 604 反射至光纤 603中， 由于 BU中渗水， 所以 BU中的湿度上升， 光栅 604通过 感应周围环境湿度变化自身的折射率系数发生变化， 光栅 604在反射该光检 测信号时因折射率系数的变化引起反射光栅的中心波长从入1漂移到 λ 2 ,使得 被反射到光纤 603 上的光检测信号的光功率与原始接收的光检测信号的光功 率不同， 该光检测信号经光纤 603传输至与光耦合器 602相连第二光缆上， 由于第二光缆传输信号的方向与第一光缆传输信号的方向相对， 所以该光检 测信号通过第二光缆传输至登陆站 X,当登陆站 X接收到第二光缆传输的光检 测信号时， 分析所述光检测信号中的光功率改变是否超过正常工作时的光功 率损耗， 当功率的变化超过正常工作时光功率损耗， 则说明该 BU中的故障由 渗水引起的。 本示例中虽以单波长的光检测信号为例， 但也可适用多波长入 射的场景， 其原理与示例相同， 即将不同波长的光检测信号向本装置发送， 而每个波长的光检测信号即可看作为本示例中的单波长的光检测信号， 经过 本装置的检测， 登陆站将依次接收各个波长的光检测信号， 分析是否有超过 正常光功率改变的情况从而得出海底通信设备内是否渗水的结论。
本实施例也可以通过光功率来检测， 其方法与实施例三几乎相同， 故此 处不再赘述。 本实施例中也可以通过登陆站 Υ来检测该 BU中是否渗水， 其与 登陆站 X检测该 BU中渗水的主要区别仅在于发送光检测信号与接收光检测信 号的光缆不同， 登陆站 Β来检测该 BU中是否渗水是从第二光缆发送光检测信 号， 并从第一光缆接收光检测信号， 其他过程与上述方案相同， 仅是光检测 信号传输的方向相反， 故不再赘述。 本实施例所述的检测海底通信设备渗水 故障的装置还可以设置在水下中继器中， 类似实施例三， 同样可以釆用 0UT-0UT的方式或 0UT-IN的方式在水下中继器中进行连接设置种灵活的连接 方式可根据实际需要进行设置， 但不会影响本实施例所述装置达到的技术效 果， 其实施方式与上述相同， 故不再赘述。
需要说明的是， 第一若没有渗水发生， 则光检测信号中的光参数不发生 变化， 所以当岸上设备判断接收到的光检测信号中的光参数没有变化时， 说 明相应海底通信设备没有渗水事故发生。 本实施例以渗水故障为例进行实例 性说明， 不能以此认为是对保护范围的限制。 比如当水下设备发生线路烧毁 的故障时， 当反射型光器件感应到周围温度变化时， 其折射率系数也随之改 变， 此时反射型光器件是一种对周围温度变化敏感的光器件， 即可根据改变 了光参数的光检测信号判断出该海底通信设备内温度升高， 出现线路烧毁的 故障。 所以该反射型光器件不仅可以感应环境状态湿度， 还可以感应环境状 态温度或环境状态压力， 根据不同应用场景灵活设置。
第二， 本实施例中虽以两个反射型光器件为例， 但本领域技术人员可以 根据上述实施例以及本实施例清楚理解的是每个反射型光器件对应一个登陆 站， 即从一登陆站发起检测时只需要一个对应该登陆站的反射型光器件， 所 以不能以本实施例中的两个反射型光器件为例作为对本发明保护范围的限 制。
本发明实施例与实施例三相比的优点在于， 本实施例不需要在光纤上设 置特定的透射型光器件， 利用具有湿度敏感的反射型光器件即可在将光检测 信号反射至光纤上之前， 根据周围湿度的变化改变光检测信号中的光参数， 使得整个装置的结构更加简单， 同样可以适应设置在海底的各种通信设备中 并检测海底通信设备内是否有渗水事故发生， 也可在不同的登陆站进行海底 通信设备渗水故障检测。
实施例五，
本发明实施例可以提供一种水下光缆分路器， 即 BU为例， 如图 8a和图 8b所示， 图 8b为本实施中检测水下光缆分路器的结构示意图。 所述水下光缆 分路器包括 3个检测水下设备故障的装置， 每个装置进一步包括：
一对分别设置在两个相向传输光信号的光缆上的用于通过所述光缆接收 或发送光检测信号的光耦合器；
所述两光耦合器通过传输所述光检测信号的光纤相连； 所述光纤上设置有透射型光器件，所述透射型光器件用于当故障发生时， 通过感应周围环境状态参量变化， 调节所述光检测信号中的光参数。
由于实际当中的 BU并不是对应一对连接两登陆站间的光缆， 而是对应多 对连接两登陆站间的光缆， 如图 8b所示， 本实施例所述的 BU将登陆站 A、 登 陆站 B和登陆站 C连接在一起， 其中连接登陆站 A和登陆站 B的光缆间安装 有检测水下设备故障的装置， 用于检测 BU中对应连接登陆站 A和登陆站 B光 缆处的故障； 连接登陆站 B和登陆站 C的光缆间也安装有检测水下设备故障 的装置， 用于检测 BU中对应连接登陆站 C和登陆站 B光缆处的故障； 连接登 陆站 A和登陆站 C的光缆间也安装有检测水下设备故障的装置， 用于检测 BU 中对应连接登陆站 A和登陆站 C光缆处的故障。 这样做的好处在于可以对 BU 中对应各个登陆站的光缆的位置进行检测， 从而准确判断出 BU中的故障发生 在连接哪两个登陆站的光缆处。 该装置的结构和功能已在上述实施例中清楚 说明， 此处不再赘述。
本发明实施例还可以提供一种水下光缆分路器， 即 BU为例， 仍以图 8b 中水下光缆分路器包括 3 个检测水下设备故障的装置此处为例， 每个装置进 一步包括：
一对分别设置在两个相向传输光信号的光缆上的用于通过所述光缆接收 或发送光检测信号的光耦合器；
所述两光耦合器通过传输所述光检测信号的光纤相连；
与所述光耦合器一输出端相连的反射型光器件， 所述反射型光器件用于 当故障发生时通过感应周围环境状态参量变化调节所述光检测信号中的光参 数， 并将被调节光参数的光检测信号反射至所述光纤中。
此处的检测水下设备故障的装置与本实施例第一个所述的检测水下设备 故障的装置区别仅在于前者使用透射型光器件来实现， 后者使用反射型光器 件来实现。 该装置的结构和功能已在上述实施例中清楚说明， 该 BU的作用与 前述相同， 此处不再赘述。 本领域技术人员可以根据实际成本以及测试等条件的需要在 B U中选择 安装检测水下设备故障的装置， 从而实现检测 BU中故障的目的。
综上所述， 本发明实施例的优点在于可以适用于海底多种通信设备中， 对这些海底设备进行故障检测， 极大的方便了对海底通信设备故障的定位， 提高了查找海底设备的故障的效率。 如图 8a和图 8b所示， 本发明实施例所 述的装置（图 8b中虚线框所示）可以安装在多条光缆间， 从而实现对各个 BU 进行故障检测的目的。
以上所述的具体实施例对本发明的目的、 技术方案和有益效果进行了详 细说明， 所应理解的是， 以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施例而已， 并不用于 限定本发明的保护范围， 凡在本发明的精神和原则之内， 所做的任何修改、 等同替换、 改进等， 均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims

权 利 要求
1.一种检测水下设备故障的方法， 其特征在于， 所述方法包括： 接收输入的光检测信号， 并将所述光检测信号按照预定的回路传向输入 的光检测信号侧；
当故障发生时， 根据周围环境状态参量的变化， 改变所述传向输入光检 测信号侧的光检测信号的光参数， 以使所述输入光检测信号侧根据所述光检 测信号的光参数的改变， 判断出故障发生。
2.根据权利要求 1所述的检测水下设备故障的方法， 其特征在于， 所述 当故障发生时， 根据周围环境状态参量的变化， 改变所述光检测信号的光参 数包括：
当故障发生时， 用于透射所述光检测信号的透射型光器件或用于反射光 检测信号的反射型光器件， 通过感应周围环境状态参量的变化调节自身器件 的折射率系数；
对应调节的透射型光器件或反射型光器件的折射率系数， 改变所述光检 测信号的光参数。
3.—种检测水下设备故障的装置， 其特征在于， 所述装置包括：
一对分别设置在两个相向传输光信号的光缆上的用于通过所述光缆接收 或发送光检测信号的光耦合器；
所述两光耦合器通过传输所述光检测信号的光纤相连；
所述光纤上设置有透射型光器件，所述透射型光器件用于当故障发生时， 通过感应周围环境状态参量变化， 调节所述光检测信号中的光参数。
4.根据权利要求 3所述的检测水下设备故障的装置， 其特征在于， 所述 装置还包括与所述光耦合器一输出端相连的， 用于将从所述光缆上接收的所 述光检测信号反射至所述光纤的光反射器。
5.根据权利要求 4所述的检测水下设备故障的装置， 其特征在于， 所述 透射型光器件用于当故障发生时， 通过感应周围环境状态参量变化， 调节所 述光检测信号中的光参数具体为：
所述透射型光器件用于当故障发生时所述器件通过感应周围环境状态参 量变化调节自身的折射率系数， 以使所述光检测信号在对所述光介质进行透 射时， 根据改变的折射率系数改变光参数。
6.—种水下光缆分路器， 其特征在于， 所述水下光缆分路器包括： 检测 水下设备故障的装置， 所述装置进一步包括：
一对分别设置在两个相向传输光信号的光缆上的用于通过所述光缆接收 或发送光检测信号的光耦合器；
所述两光耦合器通过传输所述光检测信号的光纤相连；
所述光纤上设置有透射型光器件，所述透射型光器件用于当故障发生时， 通过感应周围环境状态参量变化， 调节所述光检测信号中的光参数。
7.—种检测水下设备故障的装置， 其特征在于， 所述装置包括：
一对分别设置在两个相向传输光信号的光缆上的用于通过所述光缆接收 或发送光检测信号的光耦合器；
所述两光耦合器通过传输所述光检测信号的光纤相连；
与所述光耦合器一输出端相连的反射型光器件， 所述反射型光器件用于 当故障发生时通过感应周围环境状态参量变化调节所述光检测信号中的光参 数， 并将被调节光参数的光检测信号反射至所述光纤中。
8.根据权利要求 7所述的检测水下设备故障的装置， 其特征在于， 所述 反射型光器件用于当故障发生时所述反射型光器件通过感应周围环境状态参 量变化调节所述光检测信号中的光参数具体为：
所述反射型光器件用于当故障发生时所述器件通过感应周围环境状态参 量变化调节自身的折射率系数， 以使所述光检测信号在通过所述反射型光器 件反射时， 根据改变的折射率系数改变光参数。
9.根据权利要求 8所述的检测水下设备故障的装置， 其特征在于， 所述 反射型光器件为对周围环境状态参量变化敏感的反射型光栅。
10.—种水下光缆分路器， 其特征在于， 所述水下光缆分路器包括： 检测 水下设备故障的装置， 所述装置进一步包括：
一对分别设置在两个相向传输光信号的光缆上的用于通过所述光缆接收 或发送光检测信号的光耦合器；
所述两光耦合器通过传输所述光检测信号的光纤相连；
与所述光耦合器一输出端相连的反射型光器件， 所述反射型光器件用于 当故障发生时通过感应周围环境状态参量变化调节所述光检测信号中的光参 数， 并将被调节光参数的光检测信号反射至所述光纤中。
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