WO2011020205A1 - Dispositif et procédé de métallisation de cellules photovoltaïques au silicium - Google Patents

Dispositif et procédé de métallisation de cellules photovoltaïques au silicium Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011020205A1
WO2011020205A1 PCT/CH2010/000202 CH2010000202W WO2011020205A1 WO 2011020205 A1 WO2011020205 A1 WO 2011020205A1 CH 2010000202 W CH2010000202 W CH 2010000202W WO 2011020205 A1 WO2011020205 A1 WO 2011020205A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
contact
solar cell
cell
electrically conductive
strips
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CH2010/000202
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Arthur BÜCHEL
Christophe Ballif
Original Assignee
X-Cells S.A.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by X-Cells S.A. filed Critical X-Cells S.A.
Priority to EP10752516A priority Critical patent/EP2467879A1/fr
Publication of WO2011020205A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011020205A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/02—Details
    • H01L31/0224—Electrodes
    • H01L31/022408—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
    • H01L31/022425—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/02—Details
    • H01L31/02002—Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the device in operations
    • H01L31/02005—Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the device in operations for device characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
    • H01L31/02008—Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the device in operations for device characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells or solar cell modules
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/02—Details
    • H01L31/0224—Electrodes
    • H01L31/022408—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
    • H01L31/022425—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells
    • H01L31/022433—Particular geometry of the grid contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
    • H01L31/05—Electrical interconnection means between PV cells inside the PV module, e.g. series connection of PV cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy

Definitions

  • This present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for contacting silicon solar cells.
  • FIG. 1 Cell front side applied a contact grid by screen printing on the solar cell.
  • a typical arrangement of this grid is shown in FIG. It consists on the one hand of fine contact fingers 105, which are arranged at intervals of a few millimeters parallel to each other over the entire cell surface and contact webs 103, usually about 2 mm wide, which serve to collect the currents of the individual contact fingers.
  • fine contact fingers 105 which are arranged at intervals of a few millimeters parallel to each other over the entire cell surface and contact webs 103, usually about 2 mm wide, which serve to collect the currents of the individual contact fingers.
  • Solar cells with edge dimensions of max. 175 mm usually have two spaced apart contact webs. Between the contact webs is usually a distance of 50 to 80 mm. At each contact bridge a soldering tape is soldered, which serves to dissipate the current. The current flows along the soldering tape, which is connected to the back of the adjacent cell (series connection).
  • This technique is common. It works, but has several limitations. Thus, on the one hand by the width of the contact webs 103, typically 2mm, shadowed the underlying cell surface. Furthermore, the current density in the narrow contact fingers 105 is high, resulting in significant losses.
  • the metallic contact paste on the surface which is in direct contact with the semiconductor, reduces the open circuit voltage of the solar cell.
  • Bestness Diskopte a combination of a laser process (ablation of a deep but narrow strip on the surface of the wafer) and a plating process to metallize the exposed area. This method requires adjustment of process control in cell manufacturing and additional process steps that increase the cost of cell manufacturing.
  • Another possibility of backside contacting is the deposition of the doped layers on the backside of the cell.
  • One of the advantages of this method is that the entire cell front can be exposed to the radiation.
  • a litigation is necessary that allows a very precise structuring of those areas that are considered positive and negative to be doped.
  • the application of the contact on the back must take place in accordance with precise. This adds significantly to the complexity and causes considerable extra manufacturing costs.
  • c) contacting by wire mesh is another method that is already in use.
  • a wire mesh is first applied to a transparent carrier layer, for example EVA. Subsequently, the carrier together with the wire grid on the solar cell
  • US 2005/0241692 describes an electrode for contacting an electrically conductive surface of a photovoltaic cell.
  • the electrode comprises an insulating, optically transparent film, an adhesive layer on one side of the transparent film and a A plurality of substantially parallel, electrically conductive first wires embedded in the adhesive layer. A part of the wire surface still protrudes from the
  • the wires are provided with a low melting alloy to electrically connect them to a first contact pad and to the electrically conductive surface of the photovoltaic cell.
  • the contact strip is next to the
  • Photovoltaic cell arranged so that no shading caused by this.
  • the described electrode can be produced as an endless strip, which can be cut to the desired length.
  • a plurality of substantially parallel, electrically conductive second wires are applied to the first wires such that a wire grid is formed.
  • Contact web is guided from the front of the solar cell to the back, to be subsequently contacted on the back with a metal strip with a very low expansion coefficient. Also, the front side contact is guided only at one point on the back of the cell.
  • US Patent 4,289,920 A describes a tandem cell contacting in which electrical contact is made from the backside cell to the cell on the front side.
  • the object of this invention is the
  • the present invention relates to a solar cell having a front side with a plurality of spaced apart, preferably parallel, contact fingers, which are in electrically conductive contact with a first electrically conductive layer on the front side of the solar cell.
  • a plurality of at least two spaced apart, preferably parallel contact webs extend substantially perpendicular to the
  • the back side of the solar cell has a second electrically conductive layer.
  • the solar cell according to the invention is now characterized in that contact strips are used as contact webs, which are arranged at a distance of ⁇ 30 mm from each other, and that the contact strips are guided at least on one side to the back of the solar cell and abut against this, wherein. an insulation provided between the ends of the contact bands and the second electrical layer separates them from the electrically conductive layer of the cell backside.
  • the solar cell according to the invention has the advantage that the conduction losses are reduced in the only thinly formed contact fingers, since the contact strips are arranged at a significantly closer distance from one another than the contact webs in conventional solar cells. Another advantage is that the contact ends of the contact strips of the front side are folded on the back and the current discharge takes place on the back of the cell. Due to the proposed isolation is a short circuit between the electrically conductive layer of the back and the
  • One advantage is that in cell production lines only the screen printing process for front metallization has to be adapted in order to be compatible with the invention. Another advantage is that the solar cells after contacting Less sensitive to microcracks in the cell and also the risk of breakage of the cells is reduced, whereby the yield in the module manufacturing process is significantly increased.
  • An additional advantage - for example, in comparison to the aforementioned US 2005/0241692 - is the fact that with this invention, the current can be dissipated on both sides of the solar cell and a series connection is possible without additional space. Furthermore, in this invention, in contrast to the aforementioned US 2005/0241692 no carrier film for applying the contact webs on the cell is necessary.
  • both ends of the contact bands are guided on opposite sides to the back of the solar cell.
  • the width of the contact strips can be significantly narrower than the conventional contact webs. If power is dissipated on both sides, the width of the contact strips can be halved with approximately the same line losses. Narrower contact bands also have the advantage that the solar cell is less shaded.
  • Contact strips of a width ⁇ 0.7 mm or wires of a diameter ⁇ 0.5 mm are advantageously used. Such contact bands have a sufficiently low
  • flat contact bands they preferably have a minimum thickness of at least 50 micrometers ( ⁇ m), preferably> 70 ⁇ m, and more preferably> 80 ⁇ m.
  • Contact bands is at most 150 microns, preferably at most 130 microns and more preferably at most 120 microns. In principle, additional contact webs are provided. In this case, the contact webs are over substantially the entire length with the
  • contact bands contacted and in electrically conductive contact with these This means that, in principle, conventional solar cells, which usually have only two contact webs, can additionally be contacted with contact strips.
  • contact strips are provided as electrically conductive contact elements which are contacted on the front side of the cell with the contact webs and on the back side of the cell with current collecting strips.
  • an insulation layer is provided either at the ends of the contact strips or at an edge zone on the back as insulation.
  • the isolation can basically be carried out in different ways. Of importance is only that between the front of the cell and the back of a short circuit is avoided.
  • Protective jacket to provide According to another embodiment, it is provided that an insulating layer is provided on two opposite edge zones on the back of the solar cell, and that the ends of the contact strips and / or electrically conductive contact elements in contact with the contact webs on opposite sides of the back of the solar cell are guided. The ends of the contact strips can thus be arranged on the insulating layers.
  • Insulation layer may be an electrically non-conductive film, a paint or a vapor-deposited or sputtered layer.
  • the ends of the contact strips are connected to a contact strip for the purpose of current discharge and forwarding.
  • Contact strip can be arranged so that either a serial or a parallel connection of adjacent cells is realized.
  • the length of the contact strips corresponds to the width of the solar cell plus the length that is necessary for the folding on the back, plus the necessary length for contacting with the
  • serial or parallel connection of the cells can be accomplished in two ways.
  • a first variant is on the back of the solar cell an insulatingmaschine istsfolie applied with integrated tracks, which contains tracks for power dissipation.
  • the connection of the conductor tracks with the contact ends of the contact strips can be effected by means of soldering or gluing.
  • the contact bands which may be partly associated with the contact webs, are electrically connected to the next solar cell by further flat contact strips or contact wires.
  • the contact element itself may be formed by a contact strip, which has a sufficient length for series or parallel connection with the next solar cell.
  • contact strips of a width ⁇ 0.7 mm or wires of a diameter ⁇ 0.5 mm are used.
  • the use of very narrow contact bands or wires of a small diameter has the advantage that the
  • the use of contact strips of width ⁇ 0.7 mm or wires of diameter ⁇ 0.5 mm has the advantage that the shading of the cell is reduced to a minimum, so that the current efficiency can be higher than with conventional cells.
  • the reduction of the metallized area of the cell surface further has the advantage that this can additionally lead to an increase in the open circuit voltage of the cell, which results in a further gain in the efficiency.
  • the losses in the company are reduced
  • a preferred variant provides a power drain on two opposite sides of the cell. The removal of the current on both sides of the cell allows a halving of the cross section of the contact webs, whereby the covered cell surface is reduced accordingly. Further advantageous embodiments of the cell have already been discussed above.
  • the subject of the present invention is also a solar cell arrangement or module with a plurality of juxtaposed solar cells according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that a plurality of juxtaposed solar cells covering contacting foil of an electrically insulating material and with first and second integrated conductor tracks is applied to the solar cells, which are in electrically conductive contact with the ends of the contact webs and / or in communication with the contact webs electrically conductive contact elements and the electrically conductive back of the solar cell.
  • Front metallization must be adapted to be compatible with the invention.
  • the cells can be arranged close to each other, since the current discharge takes place on the back of the cell.
  • electrical contact can take place both to the cell front side and to the cell rear side.
  • the first and second conductor tracks can be arranged so that the solar cells arranged one behind the other are connected in parallel or in series.
  • the previous contact can be used both on the front side of the solar cell, but is also advantageous on the back, if the back is made transparent, which is the case with bi-facial cells. In this case, the
  • An advantageous embodiment provides that the first interconnects with the ends of the contact strips of a first solar cell and with the back of an adjacent second solar cell, and the second interconnects of said first solar cell with their Back and with the Kunststoffbändem the second adjacent solar cell in electrically conductive contact. In this way, a series Verschaitung the cells is realized in a simple way.
  • the present invention also provides a process for producing a solar cell according to the preamble of claim 23, which is characterized in that ends of the contacting grid are guided on the back side of the solar cell and isolated from the electrically conductive rear side.
  • This method has the advantage that the current is discharged from the front of the cell and the back of the cell on the back of the solar cell.
  • Figure 1 Schematically the structure of a solar cell
  • Figure 2 schematically the conventional contacting of a crystalline
  • Silicon solar cell with a plurality of each other
  • Figure 3 schematically a likewise known contact, whose
  • Figure 4 Schematically in plan view a first embodiment of a
  • FIG. 5 the embodiment according to Figure 4 with contact strips
  • the contact strips consisting of cell and contact strips
  • FIG. 6 a, b Schematically, the solar cell with the on the cell
  • Figure 7 a, b schematically a bottom view (a) and a side view of
  • Figure 8 in plan view a film for back contact with
  • FIG. 9 shows the structure of the metallic intermediate layer of FIG.
  • FIG. 10 shows schematically the rear side of an arrangement of 6 solar cells, which are connected in parallel;
  • Figure 11 schematically an arrangement of 3 in a row
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically the structure of a solar cell.
  • a solar cell consists of an approximately 0.2 mm thick p-type Si substrate on which a sub-micron thick n-layer is applied.
  • the n-layer is produced by the introduction of phosphorus atoms into the p-material near the surface.
  • the n-type layer is so thin that the sunlight in the space charge zone is absorbed at the p / n junction.
  • the p-material in turn, must be thick enough to penetrate deeper
  • the mechanical stability To be able to absorb sun rays and to give the solar cell the mechanical stability. On the back usually an electrically conductive layer is applied, and on the front contact fingers 105 are provided to dissipate the current.
  • the contact fingers 105 should be as narrow as possible in order to keep the shading of the cell by the contact tracks low.
  • the invention consists of a novel contact, extending through several
  • Conventional solar cells are thus at least 3, preferably more than four, and more preferably more than 5 contact bands per solar cell surface of known square solar cells, which have an edge length of 175 or 125 mm.
  • the contact strips 113 are designed so that the cell current can be dissipated at both ends of the contact strips 113 (FIG. 5).
  • the metallic contact strips 113 typically of copper, are pre-tinned and are heated to be applied to the solar cell until the solder becomes liquid and then soldered to the metallic cell surface.
  • the adhesion between ribbon 113 and solar cell surface can be optimized by the use of a flux. Alternatively, a conductive adhesive may be used.
  • the contact strips 113 are then folded around the side edges around on the back of the solar cell ( Figure 7).
  • an electrical Insulation layer 117 applied to the cell back ( Figure 6).
  • the insulation may for example consist of a non-conductive and temperature-resistant adhesive tape, for example Kapton tape, which is glued to the contact strips before the contact strips are folded onto the back of the solar cell.
  • Kapton tape can also be attached to the cell surface.
  • a non-conductive layer for example, a temperature-resistant insulating varnish
  • a temperature-resistant insulating varnish may be applied to the back of the cell in the area of the contact strips 113.
  • a rear side foil 121 is advantageous, which consists of at least one structured metal layer, as shown for example in Figure 9 and an insulating film 117 between solar cells and metal layer, as shown in Figure 8, with contact points 123 to electrical connection of the cells.
  • the cells are laid parallel to one another in rows with a small spacing for connection to the backsheet, as shown in FIG. Subsequently, the remindseitungsumble istsfolie 121 is placed on the cells and the electrical
  • Contact points 123 and 147 carried out ( Figure 10). This contacting can also be carried out by means of welding, a conductive adhesive or another method.
  • connection between the contact strips 113 may be made as shown in FIG. In this case, no backsheet is necessary. However, an additional insulation layer in the region 153 is required in order to avoid short circuits between the current collector strips 155, 157 and the cell backside.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne une cellule photovoltaïque, de préférence cristalline (100), pourvue d'un contact de face avant et d'un contact de face arrière, et dont la face antérieure est pourvue, d'une part d'une pluralité de doigts de contact (105), et d'autre part d'une pluralité de barrettes de contact (103). Les doigts de contact de la pluralité de doigts de contact (105), sont écartés les uns des autres, et de préférence parallèles entre eux. Ils sont en contact électroconducteur avec une première couche électroconductrice de la face antérieure de la cellule photovoltaïque. Les barrettes de contact de la pluralité de barrettes de contact (103), sont elles aussi écartées les unes des autres, et de préférence parallèles entre elles. Elles se présentent sensiblement perpendiculairement aux doigts de contact (105) et se trouvent en contact électroconducteur, non seulement avec ces doigts de contact (105), mais aussi avec la couche électroconductrice. Les extrémités des barrettes de contact (103) ou des éléments de contact (113) électroconducteurs se trouvant en liaison électroconductrice avec les barrettes de contact, sont disposées sur la face postérieure, appliquées contre celle-ci. Les extrémités des barrettes de contact (103) ou des éléments de contact (113) électroconducteurs se trouvant en liaison électroconductrice avec les barrettes de contact, sont séparées de la couche électroconductrice de la face postérieure de la cellule photovoltaïque par une isolation (117).
PCT/CH2010/000202 2009-08-19 2010-08-19 Dispositif et procédé de métallisation de cellules photovoltaïques au silicium WO2011020205A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP10752516A EP2467879A1 (fr) 2009-08-19 2010-08-19 Dispositif et procédé de métallisation de cellules photovoltaïques au silicium

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH01296/09A CH701679A1 (de) 2009-08-19 2009-08-19 Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Kontaktierung von Siliziumsolarzellen.
CH1296/09 2009-08-19

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2011020205A1 true WO2011020205A1 (fr) 2011-02-24

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Country Status (3)

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EP (1) EP2467879A1 (fr)
CH (1) CH701679A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2011020205A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102021114906A1 (de) 2021-06-09 2022-12-15 Institut Für Solarenergieforschung Gmbh Solarmodul mit optimierter verschaltung sowie verfahren zum fertigen desselben

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1953008A1 (de) * 1969-10-22 1971-04-29 Licentia Gmbh Solarzelle
US4289920A (en) 1980-06-23 1981-09-15 International Business Machines Corporation Multiple bandgap solar cell on transparent substrate
US4610077A (en) * 1984-04-30 1986-09-09 Hughes Aircraft Company Process for fabricating a wraparound contact solar cell
US6156967A (en) 1998-06-04 2000-12-05 Tecstar Power Systems, Inc. Modular glass covered solar cell array
US20050241692A1 (en) 2002-08-29 2005-11-03 Rubin Leonid B Electrode for photovoltaic cells, photovoltaic cell and photovoltaic module
US20070295381A1 (en) * 2004-03-29 2007-12-27 Kyocera Corporation Solar Cell Module and Photovoltaic Power Generator Using This

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1953008A1 (de) * 1969-10-22 1971-04-29 Licentia Gmbh Solarzelle
US4289920A (en) 1980-06-23 1981-09-15 International Business Machines Corporation Multiple bandgap solar cell on transparent substrate
US4610077A (en) * 1984-04-30 1986-09-09 Hughes Aircraft Company Process for fabricating a wraparound contact solar cell
US4610077B1 (fr) * 1984-04-30 1988-05-03
US6156967A (en) 1998-06-04 2000-12-05 Tecstar Power Systems, Inc. Modular glass covered solar cell array
US20050241692A1 (en) 2002-08-29 2005-11-03 Rubin Leonid B Electrode for photovoltaic cells, photovoltaic cell and photovoltaic module
US20070295381A1 (en) * 2004-03-29 2007-12-27 Kyocera Corporation Solar Cell Module and Photovoltaic Power Generator Using This

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102021114906A1 (de) 2021-06-09 2022-12-15 Institut Für Solarenergieforschung Gmbh Solarmodul mit optimierter verschaltung sowie verfahren zum fertigen desselben
WO2022258361A1 (fr) 2021-06-09 2022-12-15 Institut Für Solarenergieforschung Gmbh Panneau solaire à interconnexion optimisée et son procédé de fabrication
DE102021114906B4 (de) 2021-06-09 2023-10-12 Institut Für Solarenergieforschung Gmbh Solarmodul mit optimierter verschaltung sowie verfahren zum fertigen desselben

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CH701679A1 (de) 2011-02-28
EP2467879A1 (fr) 2012-06-27

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