WO2011017990A1 - 一种实现终端快速切换的方法和系统 - Google Patents

一种实现终端快速切换的方法和系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011017990A1
WO2011017990A1 PCT/CN2010/074844 CN2010074844W WO2011017990A1 WO 2011017990 A1 WO2011017990 A1 WO 2011017990A1 CN 2010074844 W CN2010074844 W CN 2010074844W WO 2011017990 A1 WO2011017990 A1 WO 2011017990A1
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Prior art keywords
access network
terminal
wifi access
wifi
handover
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PCT/CN2010/074844
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
楚俊生
涂杨巍
骆文
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中兴通讯股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2011017990A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011017990A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
    • H04W36/0005—Control or signalling for completing the hand-off
    • H04W36/0011—Control or signalling for completing the hand-off for data sessions of end-to-end connection
    • H04W36/0033—Control or signalling for completing the hand-off for data sessions of end-to-end connection with transfer of context information
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W12/00—Security arrangements; Authentication; Protecting privacy or anonymity
    • H04W12/04—Key management, e.g. using generic bootstrapping architecture [GBA]
    • H04W12/041—Key generation or derivation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W12/00—Security arrangements; Authentication; Protecting privacy or anonymity
    • H04W12/04—Key management, e.g. using generic bootstrapping architecture [GBA]
    • H04W12/043—Key management, e.g. using generic bootstrapping architecture [GBA] using a trusted network node as an anchor
    • H04W12/0431—Key distribution or pre-distribution; Key agreement
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W12/00—Security arrangements; Authentication; Protecting privacy or anonymity
    • H04W12/04—Key management, e.g. using generic bootstrapping architecture [GBA]
    • H04W12/043—Key management, e.g. using generic bootstrapping architecture [GBA] using a trusted network node as an anchor
    • H04W12/0433—Key management protocols

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an interworking technology between a global microwave access interoperability (WiMAX) network and a wireless fidelity technology (WiFi) network, and more particularly to a method and system for implementing fast handover of a terminal.
  • WiMAX global microwave access interoperability
  • WiFi wireless fidelity technology
  • WiMAX Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access
  • WiMAX is a broadband wireless access technology based on the IEEE, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (802.16) standard, which can effectively utilize limited wireless spectrum. Resources provide large air interface bandwidth (up to 70 Mbps data transmission capability) and a wide range of transmission coverage (wireless signal transmission distances up to 60 km).
  • Wireless Fidelity (WiFi) networks are also wireless networks that offer higher bandwidth and are now deployed in offices, homes, and hotels.
  • WiFi as a short-range wireless technology, has a small network coverage (about 100 meters) and can only be used as a supplement to other wireless technology networks.
  • WiFi networks have the advantages of low network construction cost and easy deployment. If WiMAX has built a nationwide network, its investment cost will be very high, so WiFi and WiMAX networks will coexist for a long period of time.
  • WiMAX is a wireless metropolitan area network technology that connects WiFi hotspots to the Internet.
  • the interworking of WiMAX and WiFi networks will help the two networks complement each other and expand coverage, enabling mobile users to utilize both in different wireless access network environments and in a wider geographical range. Different characteristics of the network, and can obtain consistent business access.
  • 1 is an interworking architecture diagram of a WiMAX network and a WiFi network in the prior art, including the following network elements: Interworking Function (IWK): responsible for initial access of the terminal to the WiMAX network through the WiFi network, and coordinating terminal access from WiMAX Network to WiFi access network Switch between.
  • IWK Interworking Function
  • WiFi Signal Forwarding Function (WiFi SFF) Entity responsible for establishing the IP tunnel to the terminal through the WiMAX network and the WiFi sent by the forwarding terminal through the IP tunnel when the terminal switches from the WiMAX access network to the WiFi access network. Pre-registration signaling for access.
  • WiFi SFF WiFi Signal Forwarding Function
  • WiMAX Signal Forwarding Function Entity The pre-registration process for the WiMAX access of the terminal through the WiFi network, and the function of the analog source base station (BS, Base Station) for the terminal to switch to the WiMAX network.
  • BS Base Station
  • Wireless Access Node Located on the WiFi access network, it is a hub with wireless signal transmission function. It provides conversational convergence for multiple wireless Internet devices, which is equivalent to a hub or switch in a wired network.
  • Access Controller Located in the WiFi access network, it acts as a gateway between WiFi and the Internet, and aggregates data from different APs and accesses the Internet. As a client, the AC can perform functions such as access authentication and authentication for the user through the network logo.
  • the architecture shown in Figure 1 also includes Authentication Authorization and Accounting (AAA), Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP), and Home Agent (HA). / Regional Mobility Anchor (LMA), etc.
  • AAA Authentication Authorization and Accounting
  • DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
  • HA Home Agent
  • LMA Regional Mobility Anchor
  • the WiFi network when it initially accesses or switches to the network, it needs to perform processes such as Association, Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) authentication, four-way handshake, and DHCP. These processes will take 1 second or even seconds. However, for delay-sensitive services such as media streaming (150 milliseconds) and VoIP (voice over Internet Protocol) (50 milliseconds), such large delays may cause service interruption and seriously affect users. Feel. Summary of the invention
  • the main object of the present invention is to provide a method for implementing fast handover of a terminal. And the system, to achieve fast switching of the terminal from the WiMAX access network to the WiFi access network.
  • the present invention provides a method for implementing fast handover of a terminal, the method comprising:
  • the terminal performs pre-registration to the WiFi access network through the WiMAX access network before performing handover from the Global Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) access network to the Wireless Fidelity Technology (WiFi) access network. Paired Master Key Security Association (PMKSA) information and cache;
  • PMKSA Paired Master Key Security Association
  • the terminal When the terminal initiates a handover to the WiFi access network, the terminal generates a pre-registration process.
  • the paired master key identifier PMKID in the PMKSA information is provided to the WiFi access network;
  • the WiFi access network obtains a corresponding cache according to the received PMKID
  • the extended authentication protocol (EAP) authentication process is skipped, and the four-way handshake process is directly performed to complete the handover of the terminal to the WiFi access network.
  • EAP extended authentication protocol
  • the method further includes: the terminal initiating an access procedure to the WiMAX access network and successfully attaching to the WiMAX access network.
  • the terminal performs pre-registration to the WiFi access network through the WiMAX access network, specifically: the terminal establishes an IP tunnel with a WiFi signaling forwarding function (SFF) entity in the WiFi access network, and passes the IP tunnel. Initiating an EAP authentication process to the WiFi access network;
  • SFF WiFi signaling forwarding function
  • the WiFi SFF entity forwards the EAP authentication message of the terminal to an Authentication and Authorization Accounting (AAA) server of the Interworking Function Node (IWK);
  • AAA Authentication and Authorization Accounting
  • the AAA server of the IWK performs EAP authentication on the terminal, and sends the primary session key (MSK) generated by the authentication to the WiFi access network and the terminal;
  • the terminal and the WiFi access network generate corresponding PMKSA information according to the received MSK and cache.
  • the PMKSA information includes: a PMKID, an authenticator media access control (MAC) address, a pairwise master key (PMK), a lifetime, an authentication and management protocol (AKMP) parameter, and an authentication service.
  • Authorization parameters and local configuration parameters specified by the device include: a PMKID, an authenticator media access control (MAC) address, a pairwise master key (PMK), a lifetime, an authentication and management protocol (AKMP) parameter, and an authentication service.
  • Authorization parameters and local configuration parameters specified by the device includes: a PMKID, an authenticator media access control (MAC) address, a pairwise master key (PMK), a lifetime, an authentication and management protocol (AKMP) parameter, and an authentication service.
  • Authorization parameters and local configuration parameters specified by the device includes: a PMKID, an authenticator media access control (MAC) address, a pairwise master key (PMK), a lifetime, an authentication and management protocol (AKMP) parameter, and an authentication service.
  • Authorization parameters and local configuration parameters specified by the device includes
  • the method further includes: when the terminal initiates a handover to the WiFi access network, performing an association process with the WiFi access network, and transmitting the PMKID generated by the pre-registration process through the robust safety network (RSN) message Give the WiFi access network.
  • RSN robust safety network
  • the present invention also provides a system for implementing fast handover of a terminal, the system comprising: a terminal, a WiMAX access network, and a WiFi access network;
  • the terminal is configured to perform pre-registration to the WiFi access network through the WiMAX access network to generate PMKSA information and cache before performing handover from the WiMAX access network to the WiFi access network;
  • the PMKID in the PMKSA information generated in the pre-registration process is provided to the WiFi access network;
  • the WiFi access network is configured to perform a pre-registration process on the terminal, generate the PMKSA information, and cache the packet, and after obtaining the corresponding PMKSA information that is cached by the PMKID, when the terminal initiates the handover, Skip the EAP authentication process, directly perform the four-way handshake process, and complete the handover of the terminal to the WiFi access network;
  • the WiMAX access network is configured to provide services for pre-registration of the terminal to the WiFi access network.
  • the terminal is further configured to initiate an access process to the WiMAX access network before performing pre-registration to the WiFi access network;
  • the WiMAX access network is further configured to perform access by the terminal to complete successful attachment of the terminal.
  • the terminal and the WiFi access network are further configured to generate corresponding PMKSA information and cache according to the MSK generated by the authentication in the pre-registration process.
  • the PMKSA information includes: a PMKID, an authenticator MAC address, a PMK, a lifetime, an AKMP parameter, an authorization parameter specified by the authentication server, and a local configuration parameter.
  • the terminal is further configured to perform an association process with the WiFi access network when initiating a handover to the WiFi access network, and carry the pre-registration process generated by the RSN message.
  • the PMKID is sent to the WiFi access network.
  • the present invention provides a method and system for implementing fast handover of a terminal.
  • the terminal Before the terminal switches from the WiMAX access network to the WiFi access network, the terminal completes the pre-registration process to the WiFi access network through the WiMAX access network, that is, The EAP authentication process is completed to generate PMKSA information.
  • the terminal only needs to complete the four-way handshake process and acquire the reserved IP address under the WiFi access network to achieve fast switching and reduce the handover delay.
  • 1 is an interworking architecture diagram of a WiMAX network and a WiFi network in the prior art
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a method for implementing fast handover of a terminal according to the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a terminal initially entering a network through a WiMAX access network according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a terminal switching from a WiMAX access network to a WiFi access network according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a system for implementing fast handover of a terminal according to the present invention. detailed description
  • a method for implementing fast handover of a terminal provided by the present invention mainly includes the following steps:
  • Step 201 Before performing handover from the WiMAX access network to the WiFi access network, the terminal performs pre-registration to the WiFi access network through the WiMAX access network to generate a pairwise master key security association (PMKSA, Pairwise Master Key Security). Association) information and cache.
  • PMKSA Pairwise Master Key Security
  • the generated PMKSA information includes: PMKID, Media Access Control (MAC) address, PMK, Lifetime, Authentication and Key Management Protocol (AKMP) parameters, authentication month 4 authorized parameters and local configuration parameters specified by the server.
  • MAC Media Access Control
  • AKMP Authentication and Key Management Protocol
  • the terminal according to the present invention refers to a single wireless transmitting terminal supporting two modes of WiMAX and WiFi.
  • Step 202 When the terminal initiates the handover to the WiFi access network, the terminal provides the PMK identifier (ID) in the PMKSA information generated in the pre-registration process to the WiFi access network.
  • ID the PMK identifier
  • Step 203 The WiFi access network obtains a corresponding cache according to the received PMKID.
  • the EAP authentication process is skipped, and the four-way handshake process is directly performed to complete the handover of the terminal to the WiFi access network.
  • the flow chart of the terminal entering the network through the WiMAX access network mainly includes the following steps:
  • Step 301 The terminal connects to the WiMAX BS and establishes a connection to the WiMAX network.
  • Step 302 The terminal performs an EAP authentication and authorization process to the WiMAX Connection Service Network (CSN) through the PKMv2 exchange.
  • CSN WiMAX Connection Service Network
  • Step 303 The terminal performs registration to the 802.16e network through the WiMAX BS.
  • WiMAX BS initiates data channel registration to the WiMAX BS; the WiMAX BS completes the establishment of the initial service flow to the terminal and/or the preset service flow.
  • Step 306 The terminal sends a DHCP discovery message to the ASN-GW, where the DHCP server is used to perform host IP configuration.
  • Step 307 The mobile access gateway (MAG, Mobile Access Gateway) in the ASN-GW triggers a proxy mobile IP (PMIP, Proxy Mobile IP) registration process by using a proxy binding update message.
  • PMIP Proxy Mobile IP
  • the Network Access Identifier (NAI) carried in the proxy binding update message needs to be consistent with the NAI used in the EAP access authentication process.
  • Step 308 After receiving the proxy binding update message, the HA/LMA applies for an IP address for the terminal, and sends an update HA/LM A address message to the AAA server to obtain the IP address applied for the terminal. Address.
  • Step 309 The HA/LMA sends a proxy binding acknowledgement message to the ASN-GW in the WiMAX CSN, where the message carries the IP address applied for by the terminal.
  • Step 310 A PMIP tunnel is established between the HA/LMA and the ASN-GW.
  • Step 311 The DHCP proxy in the ASN-GW returns a DHCP providing message to the terminal, where the message carries an IP address applied for by the terminal.
  • Step 312 The terminal sends a DHCP request message to the ASN-GW, carrying the IP address received from the DHCP providing message.
  • Step 313 The ASN-GW returns a DHCP acknowledgement message to the terminal, confirms the use of the IP address, and carries other configuration parameters (such as an IP address renewal period, re-renewal time, and re-binding time, etc.) to the terminal.
  • other configuration parameters such as an IP address renewal period, re-renewal time, and re-binding time, etc.
  • the connection between the terminal and the WiMAX network is established successfully, and the uplink/downlink data can be transmitted through the WiMAX access network.
  • a flow chart when the terminal switches from the WiMAX access network to the WiFi access network mainly includes the following steps:
  • Step 401 The terminal is attached to the WiMAX access network, and transmits data (uplink/downlink transmission) through the WiMAX access network with the WiMAX network.
  • Step 402 The terminal decides to establish a WiFi session and performs pre-registration to the WiFi network.
  • Step 403 The terminal discovers the IP address of the WiFi SFF entity through a DHCP or DNS process.
  • Step 405 The terminal sends an EAP authentication process to the target WiFi access network (AN, Access Network) by using an IP tunnel established between the WiFi SFF entity and the LAN-based extended authentication protocol (EAPOL-, EAP Over LAN) start message. .
  • AN Access Network
  • EAPOL- EAP Over LAN
  • Step 406 The terminal performs an EAP authentication process to the target WiFi AN through the IP tunnel.
  • the WiFi SFF entity forwards the EAP authentication message to the authenticator of the WiFi AN;
  • the WiFi AN's authenticator forwards the EAP authentication message to the IWK AAA server;
  • the IWK's AAA server performs EAP authentication on behalf of the terminal.
  • the terminal and the AAA server generate a master session key (MSK, Master Session Key), and the AAA server passes the MSK to the authenticator in the WiFi AN in the EAP authentication successful Access-Accept message.
  • MSK Master Session Key
  • Step 407 After the access authentication is completed, the terminal and the WiFi AN generate and cache a PMK Security Association (PMK Security Association) information according to the MSK, where the information includes a PMKID, an authenticator MAC address, a PMK, a lifetime, an AKMP parameter, Authentication information such as authorization parameters or local configuration specified by the server.
  • PMK Security Association PMK Security Association
  • Step 408 After completing the pre-registration to the target WiFi access network, the terminal releases the IP tunnel, but needs to continue to cache the generated PMKSA information.
  • Step 409 The terminal decides to switch to the WiFi access network.
  • Step 410 Perform an association process between the terminal and the WiFi access network, where the robust security network (RSN, Robust Security Network) information carries the PMKID in the PMKSA information established by the terminal and the WiFi access network during the pre-registration process.
  • RSN Robust Security Network
  • Step 411 The WiFi access network obtains the PMKSA information cached by itself according to the PMKID indicated by the terminal, skips the EAP authentication process, directly performs a four-way handshake process with the terminal, and returns the selection in the first message of the four-way handshake.
  • the PMKID in the PMKSA information The terminal and the WiFi access network generate a group temporary key (GTK, Group Temporal Key) according to the PMK derived pairwise transit key (PTK, Pairwise Transient Key).
  • GTK Group Temporal Key
  • Step 412 the 802.1x port is unblocked.
  • Step 413 The terminal sends a DHCP discovery message to the WiFi AN for discovering the DHCP server for host IP configuration, and the WiFi AN forwards the DHCP discovery message to the IWK.
  • the MAG in the IWK triggers the PMIP registration process by sending a proxy binding update message to the CSN/HA.
  • the NAI carried in the message needs to be consistent with the NAI used in the EAP access authentication process.
  • Step 415 After receiving the proxy binding update message, the CSN/HA allocates the IP address applied for the WiMAX connection to the terminal according to the user NAI. The CSN/HA sends a proxy binding acknowledgement message to the ASN-GW, carrying the same IP address applied by the terminal WiMAX connection.
  • Step 416 a PMIP tunnel is established between the CSN/HA and the IWK.
  • Step 417 The DHCP server in the IWK returns a DHCP providing message to the terminal, where the message carries the IP address applied by the terminal.
  • Step 418 The terminal sends a DHCP request message to the IWK, where the message carries the IP address obtained from the DHCP-provided message.
  • Step 419 The IWK returns a DHCP acknowledgement message to the terminal, confirms the use of the IP address, and carries other configuration parameters to the terminal.
  • Step 420 The terminal successfully switches and connects to the WiFi access network, and the uplink/downlink data can be transmitted through the WiFi access network.
  • Step 421 Release the connection and resources of the WiMAX network after the handover succeeds.
  • the present invention further provides a system for rapidly switching a terminal.
  • the system includes: a terminal 10, a WiMAX access network 20, and a WiFi access network 30.
  • the terminal 10 is configured to perform pre-registration to the WiFi access network 30 through the WiMAX access network 20, generate PMKSA information and cache before performing handover from the WiMAX access network 20 to the WiFi access network 30;
  • the PMKID in the PMKSA information generated during the pre-registration process is provided to the WiFi access network 30.
  • the WiFi access network 30 is configured to perform the pre-registration process on the terminal 10, generate the PMKSA information and cache the packet, and skip the EAP authentication after obtaining the corresponding PMKSA information cached by the terminal 10 according to the PMKID provided by the terminal 10 to initiate the handover.
  • the process directly performs the four-way handshake process to complete the handover of the terminal 10 to the WiFi access network.
  • the WiMAX access network 20 is configured to provide a service for pre-registration of the terminal 10 to the WiFi access network 30.
  • the terminal 10 is further configured to initiate a pre-registration to the WiFi access network 30 before performing the pre-registration to the WiFi access network 30.
  • the access process of the WiMAX access network 20; correspondingly, the WiMAX access network 20 is further configured to perform the access of the terminal 10 to complete the successful attachment of the terminal 10.
  • the terminal 10 and the WiFi access network 30 are further configured to generate corresponding PMKS A information and cache according to the MSK generated by the authentication in the pre-registration process.
  • the terminal 10 is further configured to: when initiating a handover to the WiFi access network 30, and the WiFi access network
  • the association process is performed between 30, and is sent to the WiFi access network 30 through the RSN message carrying the PMKID generated during the pre-registration process.

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  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种实现终端快速切换的方法，包括：终端在执行从全球微波接入互操作性（WiMAX）接入网到无线保真技术（WiFi）接入网的切换之前，通过WiMAX接入网执行到WiFi接入网的预注册，生成成对主密钥安全联盟（PMKSA）信息并缓存；终端在发起到WiFi接入网的切换时，将缓存的PMKSA信息中的PMKID提供给WiFi接入网；WiFi接入网根据该PMKID，在获取到自身缓存的对应PMKSA信息后，跳过扩展认证协议（EAP）鉴权过程，直接执行四次握手过程，完成终端向WiFi接入网的切换。本发明还公开了一种实现终端快速切换的系统，实现了终端从WiMAX接入网到WiFi接入网的快速切换。

Description

一种实现终端快速切换的方法和系统 技术领域
本发明涉及全球微波接入互操作性 （WiMAX ) 网络与无线保真技术 ( WiFi ) 网络的互通技术， 尤其涉及一种实现终端快速切换的方法和系统。 背景技术
全球微波接入互操作性（WiMAX, World Interoperability for Microwave Access )是基于电气和电子工程师协会 ( IEEE, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ) 802.16标准的宽带无线接入技术， 能够有效的利用 有限的无线频谱资源提供较大的空口带宽 (最高 70Mbps的数据传输能力 ) 和较广的传输覆盖范围 （无线信号传输距离最远可达 60公里）。 无线保真 技术（WiFi, Wireless Fidelity )网络也是能够提供较高带宽的无线网络， 目 前已经在办公室、 家庭和宾馆等场所大量部署。 但是 WiFi作为一种短距离 无线技术， 其网络覆盖范围较小 （约 100米左右）， 一般只能作为其它无线 技术组网的补充。 不过 WiFi 网络具有建网费用低、 易部署等优点， 而 WiMAX如果建成覆盖全国的网络， 其投资成本将非常高， 因此 WiFi 和 WiMAX网络将在相当长的时期内共存。
WiMAX作为一种无线城域网技术，它可以将 WiFi热点连接到互联网。 WiMAX与 WiFi这两种网络的互通将有助于两个网络的优势互补， 并扩大 覆盖范围， 使移动用户在不同的无线接入网络环境中和更广泛的地理范围 内， 既能利用两个网络各自不同的特性， 又能获得一致的业务访问。 图 1 是现有技术中 WiMAX网络与 WiFi网络的互通架构图， 包含以下网元： 互通功能节点 （IWK, Interworking Function ): 负责终端通过 WiFi网 络初始接入 WiMAX网络， 以及协调终端从 WiMAX接入网到 WiFi接入网 之间的切换。
WiFi信令转发功能（WiFi SFF, WiFi Signal Forward Function ) 实体： 负责终端从 WiMAX接入网向 WiFi接入网切换时， 通过 WiMAX网络建立 到终端的 IP隧道， 以及转发终端通过 IP隧道发送的 WiFi接入的预注册信 令。
WiMAX信令转发功能（ WiMAX SFF, WiMAX Signal Forward Function ) 实体： 负责终端通过 WiFi网络进行 WiMAX接入的预注册过程 , 以及终端 执行切换到 WiMAX网络的模拟源基站 （BS, Base Station )功能。
无线访问节点 （AP, Access Point ): 位于 WiFi接入网， 是一个具备无 线信号发射功能的集线器， 它可为多台无线上网设备提供对话汇接， 相当 于有线网络中的集线器或交换机。
接入控制器（ AC, Access Controller ): 位于 WiFi接入网， 在 WiFi与 Internet之间起到网关功能，将来自不同 AP的数据进行汇聚、接入 Internet。 AC作为客户端可以通过网络标志来为用户完成接入鉴权和认证等功能。
图 1所示架构还包括认证授权计费（ AAA, Authentication Authorisation and Accounting ) 月良务器， 动态主机配置协议 （ DHCP , Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Server )月良务器和归属代理（HA, Home Agent ) /区 域移动锚点 （LMA, Local Mobility Anchor )等。
通常， WiFi网络初始接入或切换入网时需要执行关联、 扩展认证协议 ( EAP, Extensible Authentication Protocol )鉴权、 四次握手和 DHCP等过 程， 这些过程将需要 1秒甚至几秒的时间。 然而， 对于媒体流（150毫秒）、 网络电话 （VoIP, Voice over Internet Protocol ) ( 50毫秒）等对时延敏感的 业务， 这种较大的时延将有可能造成业务中断， 并严重影响用户感受。 发明内容
有鉴于此， 本发明的主要目的在于提供一种实现终端快速切换的方法 和系统， 以实现终端从 WiMAX接入网到 WiFi接入网的快速切换。
为达到上述目的， 本发明的技术方案是这样实现的：
本发明提供了一种实现终端快速切换的方法， 该方法包括：
终端在执行从全球微波接入互操作性（WiMAX )接入网到无线保真技 术（ WiFi )接入网的切换之前， 通过所述 WiMAX接入网执行到 WiFi接入 网的预注册， 生成成对主密钥安全联盟（PMKSA )信息并緩存；
所述终端在发起到 WiFi接入网的切换时， 将预注册过程中生成的
PMKSA信息中的成对主密钥标识 PMKID提供给所述 WiFi接入网；
所述 WiFi 接入网根据接收的 PMKID , 在获取到自身緩存的对应
PMKSA信息后， 跳过扩展认证协议（EAP )鉴权过程， 直接执行四次握手 过程， 完成所述终端向 WiFi接入网的切换。
在所述终端执行到 WiFi接入网的预注册之前， 该方法进一步包括： 所 述终端发起向 WiMAX接入网的接入过程， 并成功附着到所述 WiMAX接 入网。
所述终端通过 WiMAX接入网执行到 WiFi接入网的预注册， 具体为： 所述终端与 WiFi接入网中的 WiFi信令转发功能 （SFF ) 实体建立 IP 隧道， 并通过所述 IP隧道发起到 WiFi接入网的 EAP鉴权过程；
所述 WiFi SFF实体将终端的 EAP鉴权消息转发到互通功能节点（ IWK ) 的认证授权计费 （AAA )服务器；
所述 IWK的 AAA服务器执行对终端的 EAP鉴权， 并将鉴权产生的主 会话密钥 （MSK )发送给 WiFi接入网和终端；
所述终端和 WiFi接入网根据接收的 MSK生成对应的 PMKSA信息并 緩存。
所述 PMKSA信息包括： PMKID、 鉴权器媒体接入控制（MAC )地址、 成对主密钥 （PMK )、 生命期、 鉴权和管理协议（AKMP )参数、 鉴权服务 器规定的授权参数和本地配置参数。
该方法进一步包括： 所述终端在发起到 WiFi接入网的切换时， 与所述 WiFi接入网之间执行关联过程， 并通过强健安全网络（RSN ) 消息携带预 注册过程中生成的 PMKID发送给所述 WiFi接入网。
本发明还提供了一种实现终端快速切换的系统， 该系统包括： 终端、 WiMAX接入网和 WiFi接入网； 其中，
所述终端， 用于在执行从 WiMAX接入网到 WiFi接入网的切换之前， 通过所述 WiMAX接入网执行到 WiFi接入网的预注册， 生成 PMKSA信息 并緩存； 在发起到 WiFi接入网的切换时， 将预注册过程中生成的 PMKSA 信息中的 PMKID提供给所述 WiFi接入网；
所述 WiFi接入网， 用于执行对所述终端的预注册过程， 生成所述 PMKSA信息并緩存； 并根据所述终端发起切换时提供的 PMKID, 在获取 到自身緩存的对应 PMKSA信息后， 跳过 EAP鉴权过程， 直接执行四次握 手过程， 完成所述终端向 WiFi接入网的切换；
所述 WiMAX接入网， 用于为终端向 WiFi接入网的预注册提供服务。 所述终端进一步用于， 在执行到 WiFi接入网的预注册之前， 发起向所 述 WiMAX接入网的接入过程；
所述 WiMAX接入网进一步用于， 执行所述终端的接入， 完成所述终 端的成功附着。
所述终端和 WiFi接入网进一步用于， 根据预注册过程中鉴权产生的 MSK生成对应的 PMKSA信息并緩存。
所述 PMKSA信息包括： PMKID、 鉴权器 MAC地址、 PMK、 生命期、 AKMP参数、 鉴权服务器规定的授权参数和本地配置参数。
所述终端进一步用于， 在发起到 WiFi接入网的切换时， 与所述 WiFi 接入网之间执行关联过程， 并通过 RSN 消息携带预注册过程中生成的 PMKID发送给所述 WiFi接入网。
本发明所提供的一种实现终端快速切换的方法和系统， 由终端在从 WiMAX接入网向 WiFi接入网切换之前， 先通过 WiMAX接入网完成到 WiFi接入网的预注册过程， 即完成 EAP鉴权过程以生成 PMKSA信息。 这 样终端在切换时只需要在 WiFi接入网下完成四次握手过程和获取预留的 IP 地址即可实现快速切换， 减少了切换时延。 附图说明
图 1为现有技术中 WiMAX网络与 WiFi网络的互通架构图；
图 2为本发明一种实现终端快速切换的方法流程图；
图 3为本发明实施例中终端通过 WiMAX接入网初始入网时的流程图； 图 4为本发明实施例中终端从 WiMAX接入网切换到 WiFi接入网的流 程图；
图 5为本发明一种实现终端快速切换的系统的组成结构示意图。 具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明的技术方案进一步详细阐述。 本发明所提供的一种实现终端快速切换的方法， 如图 2所示， 主要包 括以下步骤：
步骤 201 , 终端在执行从 WiMAX接入网到 WiFi接入网的切换之前， 通过 WiMAX接入网执行到 WiFi接入网的预注册， 生成成对主密钥安全联 盟（PMKSA, Pairwise Master Key Security Association )信息并緩存。
生成的 PMKSA信息包括： PMKID、鉴权器媒体接入控制（ MAC, Media Access Control ) 地址、 PMK、 生命期、 鉴权和密钥管理协议 （AKMP, Authentication and Key Management Protocol )参数、 鉴权月良务器规定的 4受权 参数和本地配置参数等。 另外， 需要指出的是， 本发明所述的终端是指支持 WiMAX和 WiFi两 种模式的单无线发射终端。
步骤 202, 终端在发起到 WiFi接入网的切换时， 将预注册过程中生成 的 PMKSA信息中的 PMK标识（ ID )提供给 WiFi接入网。
步骤 203 , WiFi接入网根据接收的 PMKID, 在获取到自身緩存的对应
PMKSA信息后， 跳过 EAP鉴权过程， 直接执行四次握手过程， 完成终端 向 WiFi接入网的切换。
其中， 在终端通过 WiMAX接入网执行到 WiFi接入网的预注册之前， 终端首先要成功附着到 WiMAX接入网。 终端通过 WiMAX接入网初始入 网时的流程图， 如图 3所示， 主要包括以下步骤：
步骤 301 , 终端连接到 WiMAX BS, 并建立到 WiMAX网络的连接。 步骤 302, 终端通过 PKMv2交换执行到 WiMAX连接服务网 （ CSN, Connectivity Service Network ) 的 EAP鉴权和授权过程。
步骤 303 , 终端通过 WiMAX BS执行到 802.16e网络的注册。
步骤 304~305 , WiMAX CSN 中的接入服务网关 ( ASN-GW, Access
Service Network Gateway )发起到 WiMAX BS的数据通道注册； WiMAX BS 完成到终端初始业务流和 /或预置业务流的建立。
步骤 306, 终端发送 DHCP发现消息到 ASN-GW, 用于发现 DHCP服 务器以进行主机 IP配置。
步骤 307 , ASN-GW中的移动接入网关（ MAG , Mobile Access Gateway ) 通过代理绑定更新消息触发代理移动 IP ( PMIP, Proxy Mobile IP ) 注册过 程。 代理绑定更新消息中携带的网络接入标识 （NAI , Network Access Identifier ) 需要与 EAP接入鉴权过程中使用的 NAI保持一致。
步骤 308 , HA/LMA收到代理绑定更新消息后， 为终端申请 IP地址， 并向 AAA服务器发送更新 HA/LM A地址消息， 以获取为终端申请的 IP地 址。
步骤 309, HA/LMA向 WiMAX CSN中的 ASN-GW发送代理绑定确认 消息， 该消息中携带为终端申请的 IP地址。
步骤 310, HA/LMA和 ASN-GW之间建立起 PMIP隧道。
步骤 311 , ASN-GW中的 DHCP代理向终端返回 DHCP提供消息 , 该 消息中携带为终端申请的 IP地址。
步骤 312, 终端向 ASN-GW发送 DHCP请求消息， 携带从 DHCP提供 消息中收到的 IP地址。
步骤 313 , ASN-GW向终端返回 DHCP确认消息， 确认该 IP地址的使 用并携带其他配置参数（如 IP地址的续约周期、 重新续约时间和重新绑定 时间等）给终端。
此时， 终端和 WiMAX网络之间连接建立成功， 可以通过 WiMAX接 入网传输上行 /下行数据。
根据本发明的切换方法， 终端从 WiMAX接入网切换到 WiFi接入网时 的流程图， 如图 4所示， 主要包括以下步骤：
步骤 401 , 终端附着到 WiMAX接入网， 并与 WiMAX网络之间通过 WiMAX接入网传输数据 (上行 /下行传输）。
步骤 402 , 终端决定建立 WiFi会话， 执行到 WiFi网络的预注册。
步骤 403 ,终端通过 DHCP或 DNS过程发现 WiFi SFF实体的 IP地址。 步骤 404 , 终端和 WiFi SFF实体之间建立起 IP隧道。
步骤 405 , 终端通过与 WiFi SFF实体之间建立的 IP隧道发送基于局域 网的扩展认证协议（ EAPOL-, EAP Over LAN )开始消息触发到目标 WiFi 接入网 ( AN, Access Network ) 的 EAP鉴权过程。
步骤 406, 终端通过 IP隧道进行到目标 WiFi AN的 EAP鉴权过程。 在 隧道的端点处， WiFi SFF实体转发 EAP鉴权消息到 WiFi AN的鉴权器； WiFi AN的鉴权器转发 EAP鉴权消息到 IWK的 AAA服务器； IWK的 AAA 服务器代表终端进行 EAP鉴权。 在鉴权过程中， 终端和 AAA服务器产生 主会话密钥 （MSK, Master Session Key ), AAA服务器在 EAP鉴权成功 Access-Accept消息中将 MSK传递给 WiFi AN中的鉴权器。
步骤 407 ,接入鉴权完成后，终端和 WiFi AN根据 MSK生成并緩存 PMK 安全联盟（ PMKSA, PMK Security Association )信息， 该信息包含 PMKID、 鉴权器 MAC地址、 PMK、 生命期、 AKMP参数、 鉴权服务器规定的授权 参数或本地配置等信息。
步骤 408 , 终端在完成到目标 WiFi接入网的预注册后释放 IP隧道， 但 需要继续緩存生成的 PMKSA信息。
步骤 409 , 终端决定切换到 WiFi接入网。
步骤 410, 终端与 WiFi接入网之间执行关联过程， 其中强健安全网络 ( RSN, Robust Security Network )信息中携带终端与 WiFi接入网在预注册 过程中建立的 PMKSA信息中的 PMKID。
步骤 411 , WiFi接入网根据终端指示的 PMKID 获取到自身緩存的 PMKSA信息， 则跳过 EAP鉴权过程， 直接与终端执行四次握手过程， 并 在四次握手的第一个消息中返回选择的 PMKSA信息中的 PMKID。 终端和 WiFi接入网根据 PMK导出成对临时密钥 （ PTK, Pairwise Transient Key ) 生成群组临时密钥 （GTK, Group Temporal Key )等。
步骤 412, 802.1x端口解闭塞。
步骤 413 , 终端发送 DHCP发现消息到 WiFi AN用于发现 DHCP服务 器以进行主机 IP配置， WiFi AN转发 DHCP发现消息给 IWK。
步骤 414, IWK中的 MAG通过向 CSN/HA发送代理绑定更新消息触 发 PMIP注册过程。 该消息中携带的 NAI需要与 EAP接入鉴权过程中使用 的 NAI保持一致。 步骤 415 , CSN/HA收到代理绑定更新消息后，根据用户 NAI将 WiMAX 连接接入时申请的 IP地址分配给终端。 CSN/HA向 ASN-GW发送代理绑定 确认消息， 携带终端 WiMAX连接时申请的相同的 IP地址。
步骤 416, CSN/HA和 IWK之间建立起 PMIP隧道。
步骤 417 , IWK中的 DHCP服务器向终端返回 DHCP提供消息， 消息 中携带为终端申请的 IP地址。
步骤 418, 终端向 IWK发送 DHCP请求消息， 消息中携带从 DHCP提 供消息中获取的 IP地址。
步骤 419, IWK向终端返回 DHCP确认消息 , 确认该 IP地址的使用并 携带其他配置参数给终端。
步骤 420, 终端成功切换并连接到 WiFi接入网， 可以通过 WiFi接入网 传输上行 /下行数据。
步骤 421 , 在切换成功后释放 WiMAX网络的连接和资源。
为实现上述终端快速切换的方法， 本发明还提供了一种终端快速切换 的系统， 如图 5所示， 该系统包括： 终端 10、 WiMAX接入网 20和 WiFi 接入网 30。 终端 10, 用于在执行从 WiMAX接入网 20到 WiFi接入网 30 的切换之前， 通过 WiMAX接入网 20执行到 WiFi接入网 30的预注册， 生 成 PMKSA信息并緩存； 在发起到 WiFi接入网 30的切换时， 将预注册过 程中生成的 PMKSA信息中的 PMKID提供给 WiFi接入网 30。 WiFi接入网 30, 用于执行对终端 10的预注册过程， 生成 PMKSA信息并緩存； 并根据 终端 10发起切换时提供的 PMKID, 在获取到自身緩存的对应 PMKSA信 息后， 跳过 EAP鉴权过程， 直接执行四次握手过程， 完成终端 10向 WiFi 接入网的切换。 WiMAX接入网 20, 用于为终端 10向 WiFi接入网 30的预 注册提供服务。
终端 10进一步用于， 在执行到 WiFi接入网 30的预注册之前， 发起向 WiMAX接入网 20的接入过程； 相应的， WiMAX接入网 20进一步用于， 执行终端 10的接入， 完成终端 10的成功附着。
终端 10和 WiFi接入网 30进一步用于， 根据预注册过程中鉴权产生的 MSK生成对应的 PMKS A信息并緩存。
终端 10还用于， 在发起到 WiFi接入网 30的切换时， 与 WiFi接入网
30之间执行关联过程， 并通过 RSN消息携带预注册过程中生成的 PMKID 发送给 WiFi接入网 30。
以上所述， 仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已， 并非用于限定本发明的保 护范围。

Claims

权利要求书
1、 一种实现终端快速切换的方法， 其特征在于， 该方法包括： 终端在执行从全球微波接入互操作性（WiMAX )接入网到无线保真技 术（ WiFi )接入网的切换之前， 通过所述 WiMAX接入网执行到 WiFi接入 网的预注册， 生成成对主密钥安全联盟（PMKSA )信息并緩存；
所述终端在发起到 WiFi接入网的切换时， 将预注册过程中生成的 PMKSA信息中的成对主密钥标识（ PMKID )提供给所述 WiFi接入网； 所述 WiFi 接入网根据接收的 PMKID , 在获取到自身緩存的对应 PMKSA信息后， 跳过扩展认证协议（EAP )鉴权过程， 直接执行四次握手 过程， 完成所述终端向 WiFi接入网的切换。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述实现终端快速切换的方法， 其特征在于， 在所 述终端执行到 WiFi接入网的预注册之前， 该方法进一步包括： 所述终端发 起向 WiMAX接入网的接入过程， 并成功附着到所述 WiMAX接入网。
3、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述实现终端快速切换的方法， 其特征在于， 所述终端通过 WiMAX接入网执行到 WiFi接入网的预注册， 具体为：
所述终端与 WiFi接入网中的 WiFi信令转发功能 （SFF ) 实体建立 IP 隧道， 并通过所述 IP隧道发起到 WiFi接入网的 EAP鉴权过程；
所述 WiFi SFF实体将终端的 EAP鉴权消息转发到互通功能节点（ IWK ) 的认证授权计费 （AAA )服务器；
所述 IWK的 AAA服务器执行对终端的 EAP鉴权， 并将鉴权产生的主 会话密钥 （MSK )发送给 WiFi接入网和终端；
所述终端和 WiFi接入网根据接收的 MSK生成对应的 PMKSA信息并 緩存。
4、 根据权利要求 3所述实现终端快速切换的方法， 其特征在于， 所述 PMKSA信息包括： PMKID, 鉴权器媒体接入控制 （MAC )地址、 成对主 密钥 （PMK )、 生命期、 鉴权和管理协议（AKMP )参数、 鉴权服务器规定 的授权参数和本地配置参数。
5、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述实现终端快速切换的方法， 其特征在于， 该方法进一步包括： 所述终端在发起到 WiFi接入网的切换时， 与所述 WiFi 接入网之间执行关联过程， 并通过强健安全网络（RSN ) 消息携带预注册 过程中生成的 PMKID发送给所述 WiFi接入网。
6、 一种实现终端快速切换的系统， 其特征在于， 该系统包括： 终端、 WiMAX接入网和 WiFi接入网； 其中，
所述终端， 用于在执行从 WiMAX接入网到 WiFi接入网的切换之前， 通过所述 WiMAX接入网执行到 WiFi接入网的预注册， 生成 PMKSA信息 并緩存； 在发起到 WiFi接入网的切换时， 将预注册过程中生成的 PMKSA 信息中的 PMKID提供给所述 WiFi接入网；
所述 WiFi接入网， 用于执行对所述终端的预注册过程， 生成所述 PMKSA信息并緩存； 并根据所述终端发起切换时提供的 PMKID, 在获取 到自身緩存的对应 PMKSA信息后， 跳过 EAP鉴权过程， 直接执行四次握 手过程， 完成所述终端向 WiFi接入网的切换；
所述 WiMAX接入网， 用于为终端向 WiFi接入网的预注册提供服务。
7、 根据权利要求 6所述实现终端快速切换的系统， 其特征在于， 所述 终端进一步用于，在执行到 WiFi接入网的预注册之前，发起向所述 WiMAX 接入网的接入过程；
所述 WiMAX接入网进一步用于， 执行所述终端的接入， 完成所述终 端的成功附着。
8、 根据权利要求 6或 7所述实现终端快速切换的系统， 其特征在于， 所述终端和 WiFi接入网进一步用于， 根据预注册过程中鉴权产生的 MSK 生成对应的 PMKSA信息并緩存。
9、 根据权利要求 6或 7所述实现终端快速切换的系统， 其特征在于， 所述 PMKSA信息包括： PMKID、鉴权器 MAC地址、 PMK、生命期、 AKMP 参数、 鉴权服务器规定的授权参数和本地配置参数。
10、 根据权利要求 6或 7所述实现终端快速切换的系统， 其特征在于， 所述终端进一步用于， 在发起到 WiFi接入网的切换时， 与所述 WiFi接入 网之间执行关联过程， 并通过 RSN消息携带预注册过程中生成的 PMKID 发送给所述 WiFi接入网。
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