WO2011011682A2 - Système d’entraînement d’éolienne - Google Patents

Système d’entraînement d’éolienne Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011011682A2
WO2011011682A2 PCT/US2010/043048 US2010043048W WO2011011682A2 WO 2011011682 A2 WO2011011682 A2 WO 2011011682A2 US 2010043048 W US2010043048 W US 2010043048W WO 2011011682 A2 WO2011011682 A2 WO 2011011682A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
hydraulic
drive system
shaft
gear
gear train
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2010/043048
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2011011682A3 (fr
Inventor
Joseph A. Kovach
Richard D. Kimpel
Raymond E. Collett
Original Assignee
Parker-Hannifin Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Parker-Hannifin Corporation filed Critical Parker-Hannifin Corporation
Publication of WO2011011682A2 publication Critical patent/WO2011011682A2/fr
Publication of WO2011011682A3 publication Critical patent/WO2011011682A3/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H47/00—Combinations of mechanical gearing with fluid clutches or fluid gearing
    • F16H47/02—Combinations of mechanical gearing with fluid clutches or fluid gearing the fluid gearing being of the volumetric type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/10—Combinations of wind motors with apparatus storing energy
    • F03D9/17—Combinations of wind motors with apparatus storing energy storing energy in pressurised fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D15/00—Transmission of mechanical power
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D15/00—Transmission of mechanical power
    • F03D15/10—Transmission of mechanical power using gearing not limited to rotary motion, e.g. with oscillating or reciprocating members
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/28—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being a pump or a compressor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/38—Control of exclusively fluid gearing
    • F16H61/40—Control of exclusively fluid gearing hydrostatic
    • F16H61/4078—Fluid exchange between hydrostatic circuits and external sources or consumers
    • F16H61/4096—Fluid exchange between hydrostatic circuits and external sources or consumers with pressure accumulators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/40—Use of a multiplicity of similar components
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/40—Transmission of power
    • F05B2260/406—Transmission of power through hydraulic systems
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/16—Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
    • Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P80/00—Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications
    • Y02P80/10—Efficient use of energy, e.g. using compressed air or pressurized fluid as energy carrier

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a drive system for a wind turbine. More particularly, this invention relates to a drive system that utilizes a combination of mechanical and hydraulic power.
  • Wind turbines leverage the input velocity of the wind to rotate blades, which power a generator for generating electricity.
  • the power from the blades commonly is transferred to the generator through a mechanical gear train.
  • the mechanical gear train typically has a high gear ratio, such as a ratio of 100:1 .
  • Such a high gear ratio results in extremely high acceleration and torque loads on portions of the mechanical gear train. As a result, failures of such gear trains in wind turbines are commonplace.
  • Multi-pole generators In an attempt to optimize the conversion of wind energy into electricity, different types of generators have been used in wind turbines. Some wind turbines use a multi-pole generator, for example. Multi-pole generators often are quite large and have a rotor portions that rotate at extremely low rates, such as 15-30 rpm, for producing 50 Hz or 60 Hz alternating current. Power electronics are necessary for conditioning the output of the multi-pole generator before providing the generated electricity to the grid.
  • Hydraulic pumps and motors typically react to or generate pressure differentials in the working fluid. As the pump/motor moves through its cycle, pressure pulses are generated in the fluid. Such pressure pulses are sometimes referred to as a ripple or ripple effect.
  • the ripple effect can produce undesirable noise and vibration, and preferably is minimized or eliminated in the drive system to improve the power transfer from the turbine blades to the generator, and to reduce noise and vibration.
  • the present invention includes an accumulator in the hydraulic circuit to absorb pressure pulses and reduce or eliminate the ripple effect.
  • Some embodiments of the invention include multiple pumps or motors. In these embodiments the present invention also provides that respective pumps or motors operate out of phase with one another to counteract the ripple effect. In other words, the pumps and motors are arranged or operated so that they are at different points in their cycles at any given time to minimize the amplitude of any pressure pulses in the hydraulic fluid.
  • the present invention provides a drive system for a wind turbine.
  • wind turbines typically have one or more blades that use wind energy to generate rotary mechanical energy to rotate a drive shaft, a generator that uses rotation of an input shaft to generate electricity, and a drive system that interconnects the drive shaft and the input shaft.
  • the drive system provided by the invention includes an input gear train connectable to the drive shaft to increase the speed of rotation of the drive shaft at an output shaft, and a plurality of hydraulic circuits interposed between the input gear train and the generator.
  • Each hydraulic circuit includes (a) an hydraulic pump coupled to the input gear train, (b) an hydraulic motor connectable to the generator input shaft, (c) an accumulator, and (d) hydraulic lines providing fluid connection between the pump, the motor, and the accumulator.
  • One or more embodiments of the invention further include one or more of the following features: (a) at least two hydraulic pumps from respective hydraulic circuits are out of phase; (b) the input gear train includes a pinion gear coupled to each hydraulic pump and a bull gear coupled to each pinion gear; (c) the input gear train includes a pinion gear coupled to each hydraulic pump, a bull gear coupled to each pinion gear, and a central idler gear coupled to the pinion gears opposite the pinion gears' engagement with the bull gear to minimize deflection of a shaft interconnecting the pinion gear and the hydraulic pump; (d) the input gear train includes a pinion gear coupled to each hydraulic pump and a central gear coupled to each pinion gear; (e) the input gear train includes a pinion gear coupled to each hydraulic pump, a central gear coupled to each pinion gear, and an idler gear in the form of a bull gear coupled to the pinion gears opposite the pinion gears' engagement with the central gear to minimize deflection of a shaft interconnecting the pinion gear and the hydraulic
  • the present invention also provides a drive system for a wind turbine that includes an output gear train connectable to the generator input shaft, and an hydraulic circuit that includes (a) a variable-displacement hydraulic pump connectable to the drive shaft; (b) a plurality of hydraulic motors coupled to the output gear train; (c) an accumulator; and (d) hydraulic lines providing fluid connection between the pump, the motor, and the accumulator.
  • the present invention further provides a wind turbine that includes one or more blades that use wind energy to rotate a drive shaft, a generator that uses rotation of an input shaft to generate electricity, and the drive system described above interconnecting the drive shaft and the input shaft.
  • the present invention further provides a drive system that includes means for increasing the rotational speed of the drive shaft and a hydraulic circuit for transferring rotational energy from the increasing means to the input shaft.
  • the increasing means includes a gear train and the hydraulic circuit includes at least one hydraulic pump, at least two hydraulic motors, and hydraulic lines
  • the present invention also provides a drive system for a wind turbine having a plurality of blades and a generator, where the drive system includes a speed-increasing gear train for receiving power from the plurality of blades, and a hydrostatic transmission receiving power from the speed-increasing gear train and providing power to the generator.
  • the present invention also provides a method for producing electricity from wind energy.
  • the method includes the following steps: providing a wind turbine having one or more blades that use wind energy to generate rotary mechanical energy to rotate a drive shaft, a generator that uses rotation of an input shaft to generate electricity, and a drive system interconnecting the drive shaft and the input shaft, the drive system including an input gear train connectable to the drive shaft to increase the speed of rotation, and a plurality of hydraulic circuits interposed between the input gear train and the generator that includes (a) an hydraulic pump coupled to the input gear train; (b) an hydraulic motor connectable to the generator input shaft; (c) an accumulator; and (d) hydraulic lines providing fluid connection between the pump, the motor, and the accumulator; and subjecting the blades of the wind turbine to a source of wind such that the generator produces electricity.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a wind turbine drive system in accordance with the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a more detailed schematic illustration of one embodiment of the wind turbine drive system provided by the invention.
  • FIG. 3 is another embodiment of the wind turbine drive system provided by the invention.
  • FIG. 4 more detailed illustration of the embodiment of FIG. 3.
  • FIG. 5 is another variation of the embodiment shown in FIG. 3. Detailed Description
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a wind turbine 10 that uses energy from wind 12 to rotate turbine blades 14, which power one or more generators 16 (one shown) for generating electricity.
  • Rotation of the turbine blades 14 generates rotary mechanical energy to rotate a drive shaft 20.
  • the drive shaft is connected to an input shaft 22 of the generator 16 by a drive system 24.
  • the drive system 24 also can be referred to as a transmission.
  • the drive system 24 includes an input gear train 26, a hydrostatic or hydraulic circuit 30 and an output gear train 32.
  • the input gear train 26 increases the rotational speed of the drive shaft 20 so that an output shaft 34 of the input gear train 26 rotates at a faster speed than the drive shaft 20 coupled to the turbine blades 14.
  • the input gear train 26 is optional, however, and if a higher rotational-speed connection is not needed for the hydraulic circuit 30, the input gear train 26 may be omitted.
  • the hydraulic circuit 30 will be discussed in further detail below.
  • the output gear train 32 generally reduces the rotational speed from the output shaft 36 coupled to the hydraulic circuit 30 relative to the input shaft 22 of the generator 16.
  • an output gear train 32 is not needed and the hydraulic circuit 30 can be coupled directly to the generator 16.
  • the generator 16 generates electricity, the electricity typically must be further processed before use or delivery to the electrical grid. Accordingly, power electronics 38 may be provided between the generator 16 and the end user of the electricity.
  • the wind turbine 40 includes one or more blades 14 that use wind energy to generate rotary mechanical energy to rotate a drive shaft 20, and a generator 16 that uses rotation of an input shaft 22 to generate electricity.
  • the generator 16 may be a multi-pole synchronous generator, either permanent-magnet type or independent current-excitation type, or induction-type generator.
  • the drive system 44 interconnecting the drive shaft 20 and the input shaft 34 includes an optional input gear train 24 connectable to the drive shaft 20 to increase the speed of rotation to an output shaft 34 coupled to an hydraulic circuit 46.
  • the hydraulic circuit 46 includes an hydraulic pump 50 connectable to the output shaft 34, and multiple hydraulic motors 52 connectable to the generator input shaft 22 via the output gear train 32.
  • the hydraulic circuit 46 also includes a high pressure accumulator 54, a low pressure reservoir 56, and hydraulic lines 58 providing fluid connection between the pump 50, the motors 52, the accumulator 54, and the reservoir 56.
  • the hydraulic pump 50 is a fixed
  • the hydraulic pump 50 may be any known type of hydraulic pump including, for example, radial piston pump, axial piston pump, bent axis pump, gear pump, or vane pump. In response to rotation, the hydraulic pumps 50 draw hydraulic fluid from the reservoir 56 (or other fluid source) and output the hydraulic fluid toward the hydraulic motors 52.
  • the hydraulic pump 50 is a radial piston pump, such as a Calzoni pump designed to output 3,500 cc/rev, available from Parker Hannifin Corporation of Cleveland, Ohio, US.
  • Exemplary hydraulic motors 52 are Parker Hannifin Corporation Model F12 axial piston motors having an output shaft 62 speed of approximately 3,600 rpm, available from Parker Hannifin Corporation, Cleveland, Ohio, US.
  • the accumulator 54 minimizes the ripple effect by dampening high pressure pulses generated on the high-pressure side of the pump 50.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates another exemplary embodiment of a wind turbine 60 having a drive system 62 constructed in accordance with the present invention.
  • the wind turbine 60 includes one or more blades 14 that, when acted upon by wind, rotate a drive shaft 20.
  • the wind turbine 60 also includes a generator 16, and associated power electronics 38.
  • the drive system 62 transfers power between the drive shaft 20 and the generator 16.
  • the illustrated drive system 62 includes a combination of input and output gear trains 26 and 32 and a hydraulic circuit 70 interposed between the gear trains 26 and 32.
  • the hydraulic circuit also can be referred to as a hydraulic or hydrostatic transmission.
  • the drive system 62 includes a plurality of hydraulic circuits 70.
  • the drive system 62 includes, in series, a speed-increasing gear train 26, a plurality of parallel hydraulic circuits 70, and a speed-reducing gear train 32.
  • Each hydraulic circuit 70 includes at least one hydraulic pump 50.
  • the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 3 includes a plurality of hydraulic pumps 50 associated with respective hydraulic circuits 70.
  • the output shafts 34 from the speed-increasing gear train 26 acts as input shafts for the hydraulic pump 50.
  • the hydraulic pumps 50 may be either fixed displacement or variable
  • the hydraulic pumps 50 are fixed- displacement pumps, as in the embodiment shown in FIG. 2.
  • Each hydraulic circuit 70 also includes at least one hydraulic motor 52.
  • the illustrated embodiment includes a plurality of hydraulic motors 52, each associated with a separate hydraulic circuit 70.
  • the hydraulic motors 52 may be fixed displacement or variable displacement motors, however, in the illustrated embodiment, the hydraulic motors 52 are fixed displacement motors capable of high output shaft speeds. In this embodiment, the number of hydraulic motors 52 equals the number of hydraulic pumps 50.
  • the hydraulic motors 52 are in fluid communication with associated hydraulic pumps 50 via one or more hydraulic lines 58.
  • Each hydraulic circuit 70 also includes one or more high pressure accumulators 54 and low pressure reservoirs 56.
  • the use of the accumulators 54 allows for absorption of high flows due to rapid wind acceleration, for example.
  • the use of multiple hydraulic pumps allows respective pumps to be arranged to operate out of phase, so that they do not all generate pressure pulses at the same time, thereby cooperating with the accumulators to smooth out the power transfer from the hydraulic pumps to the hydraulic motors, while also reducing noise and vibration.
  • the hydraulic pumps 50 can be staggered based on the position of the engagement of the gear teeth relative to the pump, or by staggering the timing of the pumps using a timing plate inherent in pumps. For example, if there are four pumps and the pump shaft has a starting position at twelve o'clock, the first pump would start at twelve o'clock, the second pump would start at three o'clock, the third pump would start at six o'clock, and the fourth pump would start at nine o'clock. That way, as the pumps operated they would each be generating a peak pressure at a different time.
  • the accumulators absorb pressure spikes, to smooth the power or ripple from the pump to the motor, reducing the pressure changes between the pump and the motor over time. That leads to more uniform pressure applied to the motors and more efficient transfer of wind power to the generator for conversion into electricity.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates further details of a wind turbine drive system 62 of FIG. 3 as provided by the present invention.
  • the wind turbine 60 includes one or more blades 14 that, when acted upon by wind, rotate a drive shaft 20.
  • the wind turbine 60 also includes a generator 16, and associated power electronics 38, including a rectifier 74 and an inverter 76, for example.
  • the drive system 60 transfers power between the drive shaft 20 and the generator 16.
  • the illustrated drive system 60 includes a combination of input and output gear trains 26 and 32 and a hydraulic circuit 70 interposed between the gear trains 26 and 32. Since the illustrated embodiment includes multiple hydraulic pump 50 and hydraulic motor 52 pairs in separate hydraulic circuits, the drive system 60 actually includes a plurality of hydraulic circuits 70. Thus, the drive system 60 includes, in series, a speed-increasing gear train 26, a plurality of parallel hydraulic circuits 70, and a speed-reducing gear train 32.
  • the speed-increasing or input gear train 26 includes an internal gear 80 that is driven by the drive shaft 20.
  • the internal gear 80 may include spur teeth or helical teeth, and also can be referred to as a bull gear.
  • the internal gear 80 is in engagement with a plurality of pinion gears 82 having external teeth.
  • the pinion gears 82 are sized relative to the internal gear 80 so as to increase the speed of rotation by six times.
  • the speed increasing gear train 26 has a 6:1 ratio between the internal gear 80 and the pinion gears 82.
  • Each pinion gear 82 has an associated output shaft 34 that rotates in response to rotation of the pinion gear 82.
  • an idler gear 84 may be included in the speed-increasing input gear train 26.
  • the idler gear 84 has external gear teeth and is interposed between and in
  • the hydraulic circuit 70 includes at least one hydraulic pump 50.
  • the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 3 includes a plurality of hydraulic pumps 50.
  • Each pinion gear output shaft 34 is associated with a single one of the hydraulic pumps 50.
  • the output shaft 34 acts as an input shaft for the hydraulic pump 50.
  • the number of hydraulic pumps 50 generally equals the number of pinion gears 82.
  • the illustrated hydraulic pumps 50 are fixed-displacement pumps, as in the embodiment shown in FIG. 2.
  • Each hydraulic pump 50 may have an associated clutch 86 that enables the hydraulic pump to be connected and disconnected from its associated shaft 34.
  • the clutches 86 may be controlled for systematically engaging or disengaging various ones of the pumps 50.
  • the hydraulic pumps 50 may include recirculation valves (not shown) for directing hydraulic fluid output from the pumps 50 back to the associated reservoir 56.
  • the hydraulic circuit 70 also includes at least one hydraulic motor 52.
  • the illustrated embodiment includes a plurality of fixed displacement hydraulic motors 52.
  • the number of hydraulic motors 52 equals the number of hydraulic pumps 50, and each hydraulic pump 50 is associated with and in fluid
  • the hydraulic motors 52 are in fluid communication with the hydraulic pumps 50 via one or more hydraulic lines 58.
  • the hydraulic circuit 70 also includes one or more accumulators 54 between the hydraulic pumps 50 and the hydraulic motors 52.
  • the use of the accumulators 54 allows for absorption of high flows or pressures due to rapid wind acceleration, for example.
  • the speed-reducing output gear train 32 coupled to the output shafts 36 of the hydraulic motors 52, is similar in design to the speed-increasing gear train 26.
  • the speed-increasing gear train 26 and the speed-reducing gear train 32 are of identical construction.
  • the speed-reducing gear train 32 includes an internal gear 90 and a plurality of pinion gears 92.
  • Each of the pinion gears 92 is associated with a single one of the hydraulic motors 52 and, the output shaft 36 of the hydraulic motor 52 rotates the pinion gear 92.
  • the pinion gears 92 are in engagement with the internal gear 90 and, rotation of the pinion gears 92 result in rotation of the internal gear 90.
  • the pinion gears 92 rotation six times faster than the internal gear 90.
  • the speed reducing gear train 32 in this one embodiment has a 1 :6 ratio between the pinion gears 92 and the internal gear 90.
  • an idler gear 94 may be included in the speed reducing gear train 32.
  • the idler gear 94 has external gear teeth and is interposed between and in engagement with the pinion gears 92.
  • the idler gear 94 may help distribute loads across the speed-reducing gear train 32.
  • the gear teeth of the speed- reducing gear train 32 may be spur or helical teeth.
  • the internal gear 90 of the speed-reducing gear train 32 is connected directly to a rotor portion of the generator 16, which corresponds to the input shaft 22. Rotation of the internal gear 90 results in a corresponding rotation of the rotor portion of the generator 16.
  • the generator 16 may operate in a speed range of 0 to 600 rpm. Rotation of the rotor portion of the generator 16 results in the generation of electricity having an alternating current.
  • the generated electricity is provided to the power electronics 38, including, for example, a rectifier 64 and an inverter 66, for conditioning the generated electrical signal prior to use or being provided to the grid.
  • the increased rotational speed enables a significant reduction in the number of stator and rotor poles and in the overall size of the multi-pole generator.
  • This reduction in size of the multi-pole generator 16 provides many advantages including higher efficiency due to reduced thermal losses, lower manufacturing cost, lower transportation cost and lower weight.
  • the lower weight is of significant importance when the multi-pole generator 16 is located in the nacelle of the wind turbine.
  • the lower weight of the multi-pole generator 16 enables a reduction in the structural requirements of the tower supporting the nacelle and thus, an overall cost savings for the wind turbine.
  • the drive system may have induction generators associated with each hydraulic motor and the speed reducing gear train would be eliminated.
  • the entire drive system and the multi-pole generator may be located in the nacelle of the wind turbine or, a portion of the drive system may be located in the nacelle and another portion of the drive system and the multi-pole generator may be located at the base of the wind turbine.
  • FIG. 5 like FIG. 4, provides additional details of an embodiment of the wind turbine 60 shown in FIG. 3.
  • the drive system 62 in FIG. 5 includes one or more turbine blades 14 that, in response to wind energy, rotate a drive shaft 20.
  • the drive shaft 20 in turn is connected to an input gear train 26, which is coupled to a plurality of parallel hydraulic circuits 70, and then an output gear train 32 is interposed between the hydraulic circuits 70 and a generator 16.
  • Power electronics 38 coupled to the generator 16 provide conditioned electrical power to an end user or the electrical power grid.
  • the speed-increasing input gear train 26 of FIG. 5 includes a central gear 100 (in place of the idler gear 84 (FIG. 4)) that is driven by the drive shaft 20.
  • the central gear 100 may include spur teeth or helical teeth.
  • the central gear 100 is in engagement with a plurality of pinion gears 82 having external teeth.
  • the pinion gears 82 are sized relative to the central gear 100 so as to increase the speed of rotation by six times.
  • the speed-increasing gear train 26 has a 6:1 ratio between the central gear 100 and the pinion gears 82.
  • Each pinion gear 82 has an associated output shaft 34 that rotates in response to rotation of the pinion gear 82.
  • an idler gear 102 may be included in the speed-increasing input gear train 26.
  • the idler gear 102 has internal gear teeth and bounds and engages with the pinion gears 82 outside of an opposite the central gear 100, and also can be referred to as a bull gear.
  • the idler gear 102 may help distribute loads across the speed increasing gear train 26 and minimize deflection of the output shafts 34 coupled to the hydraulic circuit 70.
  • the present invention provides a drive system for a wind turbine having one or more blades that use wind energy to generate rotary mechanical energy to rotate a drive shaft, a generator that uses rotation of an input shaft to generate electricity, and a drive system that interconnects the drive shaft and the input shaft.
  • the drive system includes an input gear train connectable to the drive shaft to increase the speed of rotation of the drive shaft at an output shaft, and a plurality of hydraulic circuits interposed between the input gear train and the generator.
  • Each hydraulic circuit includes (a) an hydraulic pump coupled to the input gear train, (b) an hydraulic motor connectable to the generator input shaft, (c) an accumulator, and (d) hydraulic lines providing fluid connection between the pump, the motor, and the accumulator.
  • the accumulator reduces high pressure pulses to reduce or eliminate ripple effects.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Abstract

L’invention concerne un système d’entraînement d’une éolienne présentant une ou plusieurs aubes qui utilisent l’énergie éolienne pour générer une énergie mécanique de rotation permettant la rotation d’un arbre d’entraînement, un générateur qui utilise la rotation d’un arbre d’entrée pour générer de l’électricité, ainsi qu’un système d’entraînement qui relie l’arbre d’entraînement et l’arbre d’entrée l’un à l’autre. Le système d’entraînement comprend un train d’engrenages d’entrée qui peut être relié à l’arbre d’entraînement de manière à augmenter la vitesse de rotation de l’arbre d’entraînement sur un arbre de sortie, ainsi qu’une pluralité de circuits hydrauliques interposés entre le train d’engrenages d’entrée et le générateur. Chaque circuit hydraulique comprend (a) une pompe hydraulique accouplée au train d’engrenages d’entrée, (b) un moteur hydraulique pouvant être relié à l’arbre d’entrée de générateur, (c) un accumulateur, et (d) des conduites hydrauliques fournissant une communication fluidique entre la pompe, le moteur et l’accumulateur. L’accumulateur réduit les impulsions haute pression afin de réduire ou d’éliminer les effets d’ondulation.
PCT/US2010/043048 2009-07-23 2010-07-23 Système d’entraînement d’éolienne WO2011011682A2 (fr)

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CN102418673A (zh) * 2011-12-28 2012-04-18 董勋 发电机组安装于陆地的风力发电机系统
CN102562999A (zh) * 2011-12-16 2012-07-11 三一电气有限责任公司 一种增速装置及风力发电机组
CN102562481A (zh) * 2011-12-16 2012-07-11 三一电气有限责任公司 一种增速装置及风力发电机组
WO2012136359A1 (fr) * 2011-04-08 2012-10-11 Robert Bosch Gmbh Convertisseur hydroélectrique, ensemble convertisseur et procédé de pilotage d'un convertisseur
EP2607691A1 (fr) * 2011-12-22 2013-06-26 Siegfried A. Eisenmann Eolienne avec une pompe hydraulique
CN103185121A (zh) * 2013-04-02 2013-07-03 江苏大学 一种机液复合传动增速装置
CN103206334A (zh) * 2013-04-03 2013-07-17 浙江大学 一种低速直驱液压型海流发电装置及其控制方法
WO2013104694A1 (fr) 2012-01-11 2013-07-18 Nestor Management Consultants B.V. Transmission
US8643204B2 (en) 2011-02-15 2014-02-04 Solar Wind Energy Tower, Inc. Efficient energy conversion devices and methods
GB2525968A (en) * 2014-03-07 2015-11-11 Bosch Gmbh Robert Hydrostatic transmission method for controlling the hydrostatic transmission
EP3048339A1 (fr) * 2014-12-02 2016-07-27 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Système hydraulique, appareil de génération d'énergie éolienne et son procédé de fonctionnement
WO2017066826A1 (fr) * 2015-10-22 2017-04-27 Norman Ian Mathers Régénération et stockage d'énergie éolienne
CN107407256A (zh) * 2015-03-26 2017-11-28 韩国电力公社 具有多个液压设备的发电装置
CN108626344A (zh) * 2018-04-13 2018-10-09 意宁液压股份有限公司 用于液压发电的液压传动装置
CN108626184A (zh) * 2017-03-15 2018-10-09 罗伯特·博世有限公司 电动液压的驱动装置、驱动组件、流体机和方法
CN111022264A (zh) * 2020-01-08 2020-04-17 兰州理工大学 液压式风力发电机组
US10788112B2 (en) 2015-01-19 2020-09-29 Mathers Hydraulics Technologies Pty Ltd Hydro-mechanical transmission with multiple modes of operation
US11085299B2 (en) 2015-12-21 2021-08-10 Mathers Hydraulics Technologies Pty Ltd Hydraulic machine with chamfered ring
US11168772B2 (en) 2009-11-20 2021-11-09 Mathers Hydraulics Technologies Pty Ltd Hydrostatic torque converter and torque amplifier
US11255193B2 (en) 2017-03-06 2022-02-22 Mathers Hydraulics Technologies Pty Ltd Hydraulic machine with stepped roller vane and fluid power system including hydraulic machine with starter motor capability
US11300057B2 (en) 2018-05-16 2022-04-12 Raytheon Technologies Corporation Gear train for gas geared gas turbine engine
WO2022115904A1 (fr) * 2020-12-04 2022-06-09 Mathers Hydraulics Technologies Pty Ltd Dispositifs et systèmes hydromécaniques

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US8643204B2 (en) 2011-02-15 2014-02-04 Solar Wind Energy Tower, Inc. Efficient energy conversion devices and methods
WO2012136359A1 (fr) * 2011-04-08 2012-10-11 Robert Bosch Gmbh Convertisseur hydroélectrique, ensemble convertisseur et procédé de pilotage d'un convertisseur
US9467022B2 (en) 2011-04-08 2016-10-11 Robert Bosch Gmbh Hydraulic-electrical transducer, transducer arrangement and method for driving a transducer
US8120191B1 (en) 2011-04-21 2012-02-21 Hanback John Efficient energy conversion devices and methods
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EP2607691A1 (fr) * 2011-12-22 2013-06-26 Siegfried A. Eisenmann Eolienne avec une pompe hydraulique
CN102418673A (zh) * 2011-12-28 2012-04-18 董勋 发电机组安装于陆地的风力发电机系统
WO2013104694A1 (fr) 2012-01-11 2013-07-18 Nestor Management Consultants B.V. Transmission
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CN103206334B (zh) * 2013-04-03 2015-10-21 浙江大学 一种低速直驱液压型海流发电装置及其控制方法
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EP3048339A1 (fr) * 2014-12-02 2016-07-27 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Système hydraulique, appareil de génération d'énergie éolienne et son procédé de fonctionnement
US10788112B2 (en) 2015-01-19 2020-09-29 Mathers Hydraulics Technologies Pty Ltd Hydro-mechanical transmission with multiple modes of operation
CN107407256B (zh) * 2015-03-26 2019-07-30 韩国电力公社 具有多个液压设备的发电装置
CN107407256A (zh) * 2015-03-26 2017-11-28 韩国电力公社 具有多个液压设备的发电装置
EA035990B1 (ru) * 2015-10-22 2020-09-10 АУСТРАЛИАН ВИНД ТЕКНОЛОДЖИС ПиТиУай ЭлТэДэ Ветроэнергогенерирующая система
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CN108626184A (zh) * 2017-03-15 2018-10-09 罗伯特·博世有限公司 电动液压的驱动装置、驱动组件、流体机和方法
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US11300057B2 (en) 2018-05-16 2022-04-12 Raytheon Technologies Corporation Gear train for gas geared gas turbine engine
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