WO2011001408A1 - Procede d'extraction d'hydrocarbures par chauffage electromagnetique d'une formation souterraine in situ - Google Patents
Procede d'extraction d'hydrocarbures par chauffage electromagnetique d'une formation souterraine in situ Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011001408A1 WO2011001408A1 PCT/IB2010/053036 IB2010053036W WO2011001408A1 WO 2011001408 A1 WO2011001408 A1 WO 2011001408A1 IB 2010053036 W IB2010053036 W IB 2010053036W WO 2011001408 A1 WO2011001408 A1 WO 2011001408A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- electromagnetic heating
- well
- underground formation
- electromagnetic
- installation according
- Prior art date
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 139
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 title description 14
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 5
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010796 Steam-assisted gravity drainage Methods 0.000 description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000015076 Shorea robusta Nutrition 0.000 description 2
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004058 oil shale Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010793 Steam injection (oil industry) Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;hydrate Chemical class C.O VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
- E21B43/24—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection
- E21B43/2401—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection by means of electricity
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B36/00—Heating, cooling or insulating arrangements for boreholes or wells, e.g. for use in permafrost zones
- E21B36/04—Heating, cooling or insulating arrangements for boreholes or wells, e.g. for use in permafrost zones using electrical heaters
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
- E21B43/24—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection
- E21B43/2406—Steam assisted gravity drainage [SAGD]
- E21B43/2408—SAGD in combination with other methods
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/30—Specific pattern of wells, e.g. optimising the spacing of wells
- E21B43/305—Specific pattern of wells, e.g. optimising the spacing of wells comprising at least one inclined or horizontal well
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
- H05B6/02—Induction heating
- H05B6/06—Control, e.g. of temperature, of power
- H05B6/08—Control, e.g. of temperature, of power using compensating or balancing arrangements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
- H05B6/02—Induction heating
- H05B6/10—Induction heating apparatus, other than furnaces, for specific applications
- H05B6/105—Induction heating apparatus, other than furnaces, for specific applications using a susceptor
- H05B6/108—Induction heating apparatus, other than furnaces, for specific applications using a susceptor for heating a fluid
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2214/00—Aspects relating to resistive heating, induction heating and heating using microwaves, covered by groups H05B3/00, H05B6/00
- H05B2214/03—Heating of hydrocarbons
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for extracting hydrocarbons by electromagnetic heating in situ of the underground formation, and an installation adapted to the implementation of this method.
- SAGD steam assisted gravity drainage
- in situ combustion which consists in injecting into the deposit an oxidant, generally air, by injection wells and initiating a combustion within the deposit, so as to develop combustion fronts from the air injection wells and towards the production wells.
- Another technique that has been proposed is to carry out electromagnetic heating in situ of the tank.
- a first category of electromagnetic heating in situ of the tank is that of the heating by electromagnetic radiation (that is to say radio frequency or microwave) by means of an antenna disposed in the tank.
- Document WO 2007/147053 describes an example of such a system: a radiofrequency generator is placed on the surface; the energy produced is radiated by means of a radiofrequency antenna arranged in a horizontal or vertical specific well. The production well, part of which is horizontal, is located under the radiofrequency antenna.
- a second category of electromagnetic heating in situ of the tank is that of induction heating.
- the document WO 2008/098850 describes in a particular embodiment an injector well geometry passing through the reservoir and imposing a circulation of electric current induced in the reservoir.
- the pu injector also has a steam injection function.
- a high frequency generator provides the power supply necessary for induction.
- the two terminals of the generator are connected to both ends of the injector well, which thus heats the tank by induction.
- the injector well thus rises to the surface, the two ends of the injector well being then connected to the generator.
- the well then has a particular geometry, of U-shaped well type.
- the electric circuit is formed by the injector well on the one hand (connected to a terminal of the generator) and an electrode implanted in a pocket of salt water on the other hand (connected to the other terminal of the generator).
- the heating of the tank is of resistive type, an electrical circuit being established between two remote wells, located on the one hand and an area of the deposit to be heated.
- the document WO 2009/027273 describes a method of injecting water into the tank, the water being vaporized by electric heating in the tank.
- the water injection well and the production well may serve as electrodes.
- WO 2009/027262 describes the use of at least one additional conduit electrically connected to the injector well in order to inductively heat the zone situated between the additional conduit and the injection well.
- WO 2009/027305 discloses an installation for heating a hydrocarbon reservoir comprising an external alternator providing the electrical power for supplying a conductive circuit.
- the magnetic field induces currents in the tank, and causes its heating.
- a particular conductor, Litz cable type is used to carry out inductive heating in situ.
- This Litz cable has several aligned conductors to facilitate current flow.
- the high impedance thus generated at high frequency is compensated by the introduction of serial capacitors, in order to avoid overvoltages.
- the cable makes a loop in the tank, its two ends being connected to a surface generator.
- This system has the disadvantage of operating only for a single electrical frequency determined, which is problematic since the frequency should ideally adapt to the nature of the tank and the evolution of it.
- this system is inefficient at the beginning and end of production and involves a slow warm-up and a very good knowledge of the tank from the start.
- the conductors are placed at the same depth in the tank, one next to the other, at a given distance.
- the magnetic radiation emitted by a driver is canceled by the other driver. If such a geometry makes it possible to avoid energy losses in the dead lands, it nevertheless requires that the conductors be spaced from each other at the reservoir, to allow the emission of electromagnetic energy and ultimately ensure the tank heating.
- This drilling geometry is extremely complex to implement.
- the invention relates first of all to a hydrocarbon extraction installation contained in an underground formation, comprising:
- At least one electromagnetic heating well in the underground formation comprising an electromagnetic heating device connected to the generator;
- the electromagnetic heater comprises a radiating coaxial line.
- the above-mentioned plant comprises at least one production well, preferably a plurality of production wells, in the underground formation, said production wells comprising at least part of the hydrocarbon sampling means.
- said production wells comprising at least part of the hydrocarbon sampling means.
- the electromag- netic heating pipe comprises a substantially vertical portion and a substantially horizontal portion
- the production well comprises a substantially vertical portion and a substantially horizontal portion
- the electromagnetic heating device comprises a coaxial transmission line.
- the electromagnetic heating well comprises a substantially vertical portion and a substantially horizontal portion, at least a portion of the coaxial transmission line being disposed in the substantially vertical portion, and at least a portion, preferably all of of the radiating coaxial line being disposed in the substantially horizontal portion.
- the electromagnetic heating device comprises an external conductor, an inner conductor and sliding insulating elements between the outer conductor and the inner conductor.
- the electromagnetic heating well also comprises at least part of the hydrocarbon sampling means.
- the electromagnetic heating well comprises means for injecting water or water vapor into the subterranean formation.
- the electromagnetic heating well has an end in the subterranean formation, the electromagnetic heater being preferably short-circuited or re-entrant at said end.
- the generator comprises a high frequency generator disposed in the electromagnetic heating well.
- the electromagnetic heating device is movable in the electromagnetic heating well.
- the radiating coaxial line comprises an inner conductor and an outer conductor interrupted by a plurality of insulating windows.
- the invention also relates to a process for extracting hydrocarbons in a subterranean formation, comprising:
- the electromagnetic heating of the underground formation is carried out by induction and / or radiation.
- the aforementioned method also comprises:
- the aforementioned method is implemented in an installation as described above.
- the present invention overcomes the disadvantages of the state of the art.
- it provides a method and an underground formation electromagnetic heating system that are simpler to implement and more flexible.
- the method and the installation according to the invention can be implemented in a wide range of frequencies, whether in the field of induction or radiation.
- the invention makes it easy to adapt to any type of underground formation.
- the invention also has one or preferably more of the advantageous features listed below.
- Electromagnetic heating wells can also provide a hydrocarbon production function. This makes it possible to optimize the yield and also to regulate the bottom pressure to an acceptable value, especially at the beginning of heating of the underground formation, the irreducible water of the underground formation vaporizing, this which can lead to a rise in pressure before the start of production by the production wells.
- the invention makes it possible to use a conventional drilling geometry, with wells comprising a substantially vertical portion of the surface towards the bottom, and a substantially horizontal portion in the bottom.
- a conventional drilling geometry with wells comprising a substantially vertical portion of the surface towards the bottom, and a substantially horizontal portion in the bottom.
- the heating of the production wells is limited. This can make it possible to use conventional production wells equipped with a metal casing. More particularly, it may be advantageous to use a slightly different angle of 90 °, in order, however, to generate additional heating (optimized) in the vicinity of the production wells. Thus, the flow near the producing wells is improved and paraffin deposits may be limited in the vicinity of producing wells. This additional heating can also allow upgrading in situ.
- Figure 1 schematically shows an embodiment of the hydrocarbon extraction plant according to the invention.
- Figures 2 and 3 schematically show embodiments of electromagnetic heating devices used in the installation according to the invention.
- FIG. 4 represents a detail of an electromagnetic heating device used in the installation according to the invention.
- a hydrocarbon extraction installation comprises hydrocarbon sampling means arranged in an underground formation 1, at least one generator 5 and at least one electromagnetic heating well 2 in underground formation 1.
- the hydrocarbon sampling means are included (wholly or partly) in one or more production wells 6 in the underground formation 1.
- the underground formation 1 comprises hydrocarbons or comprises a material (organic materials) that can be converted into hydrocarbons by physical or chemical transformation.
- the formation 1 may for example be sandy, arg ileuse or carbonated. It can be a tank containing any type of gaseous or liquid hydrocarbons, including natural gas, bitumen, heavy oils, mobile oils and conventional oils. Formation 1 may also include oil shale, oil sands, methane hydrates or adsorbed gas on clay. It can also be a coal deposit.
- the installation comprises a plurality of production wells 6 which can be, for example, aligned.
- the installation comprises a plurality of electromagnetic heating wells 2, which can be for example aligned.
- the production wells 6 are intended to extract the hydrocarbons contained in the underground formation 1 (possibly mixed with water, solids and other contaminants), while the electromagnetic heating wells 2 are mainly intended to operate a heating in situ of the underground formation 1 in order to mobilize the hydrocarbons.
- a collection line 9 adapted to recover the hydrocarbons extracted from the various production wells 6.
- the electromagnetic heating wells 2 comprise a part of the hydrocarbon sampling means, that is to say also provide a production function (extraction) of hydrocarbons.
- an additional collection line 10 is provided adapted to recover the hydrocarbons extracted from the various electromagnetic heating wells 2.
- this additional collection line 10 opens into the main collection line 9.
- electromagnetic heating pulses 2 provide the hydrocarbon production function, that is to say form the aforementioned hydrocarbon sampling means. In this case, no production well 6 is present. However, it is preferred that the installation comprises both electromagnetic heating wells 2 and production wells 6 in order to allow better exploitation of the underground formation 1.
- Each electromagnetic heating well 2 comprises an electromagnetic heater which will be described in more detail below.
- the electromagnetic heating device is supplied by a generator 5.
- each electromagnetic heating device in each electromagnetic heating well 2 is provided with a generator 5 of its own.
- each generator 5 can be disposed on the surface, as shown in FIG. 1, but it can also be arranged at least partly underground, in the electromagnetic heating well 2, as will be detailed here. -Dessous.
- each well 6 can be vertical, essentially vertical, inclined or include portions of different inclinations.
- each well may comprise a horizontal or essentially horizontal portion.
- each production well 6 comprises a predominantly vertical portion 3 and a substantially horizontal portion 4.
- each production well 6 comprises a substantially vertical portion 7 and a substantially horizontal portion 8.
- the substantially vertical portion of each well is the one that connects the surface to a zone of interest of the underground formation 1; and the substantially horizontal portion of each well is located at depth, and advantageously passes through one or more areas of the hydrocarbon-rich subterranean formation 1.
- substantially horizontal means “forming an angle less than or equal to 20 °, preferably less than or equal to 10 °, more preferably less than or equal to 5 °, relative to the horizontal plane. ".
- the essentially horizontal portions 4 of the electromagnetic heating wells 2 are disposed above the essentially horizontal portions 8 of the production wells 6. This configuration makes it possible to optimize the recovery of the hydrocarbons. Indeed, when the installation is in operation, each electromagnetic heating well 2 produces a heating zone 1 1 in the underground formation 1, surrounding the electromagnetic heating well 2. According to a preferred embodiment, only the substantially horizontal portion 4 of the electromagnetic heating wells 2 contributes to heating the underground formation 1, and the heating zone 1 1 then surrounds the essentially horizontal portion 4 of each electromagnetic heating well 2. In the heating zone 11, the mobilized hydrocarbons have tend to sink under the effect of gravity and are therefore easily recovered by substantially horizontal portions 8 production wells located at a lower position.
- a particularly optimal configuration is that shown in FIG. 1, in which the heating zone 11 has a height H / 2 on either side of the essentially horizontal portion 4 of each water well.
- electromagnetic heating 2 (equivalent to a total height H of the heating zone 1 1), and the substantially horizontal portion 8 of each production well 6 is located at a distance H / 10 from the lower limit of the heating zone 1 1, and therefore at a distance 9H / 10 from the upper limit of the heating zone 1 1.
- the essentially horizontal portions 4 of the electromagnetic heating pipes 2 can be substantially aligned with the essentially horizontal portions 8 of the production wells 6.
- a slightly different angle of 90 ° is chosen, in order however to generate some additional (optimized) heating near the production wells.
- additional (optimized) heating near the production wells.
- paraffin deposits can be limited in the vicinity of production wells 6. This additional heating can also allow upgrading in situ.
- each electromagnetic heating well 2 and / or each production well 6 has one end in the subterranean formation 1 (the other end being on the surface).
- the wells do not open at both ends on the surface: this considerably simplifies the drilling operations and minimizes the electrical losses in the dead lands.
- Electromagnetic heating device according to the invention
- part of an electromagnetic heater 100 disposed in an electromagnetic heating well 2 is formed by a radiating coaxial line 106.
- radiating coaxial line also known as a “coaxial line of leaks” is meant a transmission line of the electric current comprising at least two coaxial conductors and capable of supplying electromagnetic energy to the environment through radiation or induction.
- a radiating coaxial line is described for example in application US 2001/054945.
- a part of the electromagnetic heater 100 is formed by a coaxial transmission line 105.
- coaxial transmission line is meant a transmission line of the electric current comprising at least two coaxial conductors and minimizing the loss of electromagnetic energy in the environment.
- the radiating coaxial line 106 as well as the transmission coaxial line 105 preferably comprise an outer conductor 103 and an inner conductor 104, separated by an insulating zone.
- the external conductor 103 (respectively the inner conductor 104) of the radiating coaxial line 106 may therefore be continuous with that of the coaxial transmission line 105, that is to say form with it a same conductive element.
- the difference between the radiating coaxial line 106 and the transmission coaxial line 105 comes from the presence of insulating windows 107 on the radiating coaxial line 106.
- the external conductor 103 of the radiating coaxial line 106 is interrupted by insulating windows 107. At these insulating windows 107, the electromagnetic field is likely to radiate outside the coaxial cable, which ultimately allows heating of the tank.
- These insulating windows 107 are preferably of a material providing minimal dielectric losses, for example of alumina or cement. Their sizes and their spacing are determined to allow the electromagnetic emission, in the form of induction, radiation or capacitive current, over a given broad spectrum of frequencies.
- the external conductor 103 is not interrupted. There is no energy emission from the coaxial cable to the dead lands.
- the leakage of electromagnetic energy into the environment is minimized in the coaxial transmission line 105 and is maximized or optimized in the radiating coaxial line 106.
- the electromagnetic heating device 100 comprises the coaxial transmission line 105 in the essentially vertical portion 3 of the electromagnetic heating well 2, and the radiating coaxial line 106 in the essentially horizontal portion 4 of the electromagnetic heating well. 2.
- This configuration is particularly useful for effectively utilizing electromagnetic energy for heating hydrocarbon-rich subterranean formation areas 1 (traversed by essentially horizontal portions 4 of the electromagnetic heater wells 2) while minimizing energy losses for the Crossing of lands without hydrocarbons (dead lands).
- the substantially horizontal portion 4 of the electromagnetic heating well 2 passes through both hydrocarbon-rich subterranean formation zones 1 and hydrocarbon-poor subterranean formation zones 1, it may be advantageous to alternatively radially coaxial line 106 (in the vicinity of the hydrocarbon-rich zones) and segments of coaxial transmission 1 05 (in the vicinity of the hydrocarbon-poor zones), always in order to limit the unnecessary losses of electromagnetic energy.
- the outer conductor 103 and the inner conductor 104 are separated by an insulating zone. According to an advantageous embodiment (shown in FIG. 4), this insulating zone is constituted by sliding insulating elements 111 between the two conductors 103, 104, such as alumina skis.
- the outer conductor 103 can be put in place first, then the inner conductor 104 can be slid into the outer conductor 103, and kept at a constant distance therefrom.
- the sliding insulating elements 1 1 1 may be welded or bonded directly to one or the other of the conductors 103, 104.
- the power supply of the electromagnetic heater 100 is provided by the generator 5 described above.
- this high frequency generator 101 is a high frequency generator 101 located on the surface.
- This high frequency generator 101 produces an electrical signal at a frequency between about 1 kHz and about 10 GHz.
- the high frequency generator 101 operates at a predetermined frequency, according to the international regulations in force.
- An impedance matching system 102 is provided at the output of the high frequency generator 101 to avoid excessive reflections of the load to the generator.
- This embodiment is simple to implement because the presence of high frequency generators on the surface is conventional and does not require complex adaptation.
- the two terminals of the generator are respectively connected to the outer conductor 103 and the inner conductor 104 of the coaxial transmission line 105.
- short-circuit elements 108 are provided at the end of the radiating coaxial line 106. (between the outer conductor 103 and the inner conductor 104) to loop the electrical circuit.
- a coaxial re-entrant system may be provided as a radiating coaxial line 106, which also makes it possible to loop the electrical circuit.
- the outer conductor 103 is connected at the end of the radially coaxial line 106 to a return conductor which is located inside the inner conductor 104.
- a generator terminal is then connected to the outer conductor 103, and the other terminal to the return conductor.
- the well architecture is simple to implement since it is not a U-shaped well.
- the presence of a short-circuit at the end or the re-entrant configuration makes it possible to avoid the end of the radiating coaxial line 106 does not radiate like the rest of the radiating coaxial line 106 (i.e., as the length thereof). Thus, it avoids heating a part of the underground formation without hydrocarbons, and thus increases the heating efficiency.
- these two architectures allow on the one hand a better adaptation between the generator and the radiating coaxial line and on the other hand an operation either in radiation, in induction or by induction of capacitive current according to the choice of the frequency.
- the latter is chosen according to the electrical properties of the tank.
- the 5 comprises two parts, namely a surface generator 109 and a high frequency generator 110 located in the electromagnetic heating well 2.
- the high frequency generator 110 is powered by the surface generator 109, which provides a unidirectional current, such as a direct current or a rectified current.
- the current may be transmitted between the surface generator 109 and the high frequency generator 110 by two-wire or three-phase wiring, or, advantageously, by means of the coaxial transmission line 105 described above, as shown in FIG. .
- the high frequency generator 110 is adapted to produce an electrical signal at a frequency between about 1 kHz and about 10 GHz.
- this high frequency generator 110 comprises a vacuum tube and is in particular of the triode type.
- the French application No. 08/04694 filed August 26, 2008 by Total S.A. contains the complete description of a high frequency generator disposed in a well, and the skilled person can refer to it.
- the embodiment of FIG. 3 has the advantage of avoiding the regulatory limitations of frequency on the surface. Thus, it is possible to adapt the frequency of the electromagnetic emission to the characteristics of the underground formation 1, and also to vary the frequency of this emission during operation, the characteristics of the underground formation 1 may evolve.
- short circuit elements 108 are provided at the end of the electromagnetic heater 100 (located at the end of the electromagnetic heating well 2 which is disposed in the subterranean formation 1) in order to loop the electrical circuit.
- a re-entrant coaxial system can be provided.
- the electromagnetic heating well 2 also comprises means for sampling hydrocarbons and / or means for injecting water or water vapor into the underground formation 1.
- the circulation of hydrocarbons, water or the water vapor is preferably carried out in the central part of the electromagnetic heating device 100, that is to say inside the inner conductor 104.
- the means for injecting water or water vapor can also be replaced by injection means of any other type of auxiliary fluid, for example aqueous solution or supercritical fluid (especially CO 2 ).
- auxiliary fluid for example aqueous solution or supercritical fluid (especially CO 2 ).
- the outer conductor 103 and the inner conductor 104 may be of the same metallurgy as the casings and casings used in conventional production wells.
- the external conductor 103 preferably has mechanical characteristics which ensure the holding of the electromagnetic heating device 100.
- the external conductor 103 partially interrupted by the insulating windows 107 may be surrounded by a protective layer, transparent to high frequency electromagnetic radiation and stable at high temperature.
- This protective layer may for example be formed of cement or mortar, or graded gravel (which can serve as a filter at the inlet in case of sampling of hydrocarbons in the electromagnetic heating well 2) or metal strainer. It is avoided to use a protective layer of composite material that is not very resistant to high temperatures.
- the electromagnetic heating device 100 is movable in the electromagnetic heating well 2, for example by means of a sliding assembly (using alumina or other sliding guides). Thus, it is possible to perform translational movements of the electromagnetic heating device 100 along the axis of the well 2.
- the process of the invention makes it possible to extract hydrocarbons contained in the underground formation 1.
- hydrocarbons means chemical compounds containing exclusively carbon and hydrogen atoms.
- the hydrocarbons extracted can be liquid or gaseous. They may pre-exist in the subterranean formation prior to sampling, or may be obtained by:
- upgrading and / or conversion are obtained in situ at least in part by heating the underground formation according to the invention.
- Upgrading refers to any known process in the oil / gas field to modify the quality of hydrocarbons (especially oils) and in particular to make hydrocarbons more valuable.
- the term "upgrading” covers in particular any chemical transformation process making it possible to obtain lighter hydrocarbons than the hydrocarbons initially present in the underground formation. Upgrading notably facilitates the production of hydrocarbons in the tank, or facilitates the transport of hydrocarbons on the surface.
- conversion is meant any process of transformation of organic matter into hydrocarbons, including the pyrolysis of oil shales into hydrocarbons.
- organic materials materials comprising substances essentially having a carbon-based structure, and including hydrocarbon compounds and derivatives thereof.
- the extraction process according to the invention comprises the electromagnetic heating of the underground formation 1 by means of the electromagnetic heating device (s) 100; and removing the hydrocarbons from the underground formation 1 and transporting them to the surface.
- the hydrocarbon sampling is preferably carried out mainly in the production wells 6, and / or possibly in the electromagnetic heating wells 2.
- Electromagnetic heating is effected by electromagnetic emission at the level of the radiating coaxial line.
- the electromagnetic emission is mainly reflected in the form of radiation at the highest frequencies (of the order of about 500 kHz up to about 10 GHz) or mainly in the form of induction at the lowest frequencies (of the order of About 1 kHz up to about 500 kHz).
- induction heating or radiation depends mainly on the nature of the underground formation 1. If the underground formation 1 has a high electrical conductivity (for example due to the presence of highly conductive clays), it is preferable to use induction. On the other hand, if the underground formation 1 has a low electrical conductivity, it is preferable to use the radiation.
- the heating of the underground formation 1 can be carried out only by direct transmission of electromagnetic energy to the underground formation 1 and to the materials that compose it. But it can also be supplemented by an injection of steam (in a conventional manner), preferably via the electromagnetic heating wells 2 themselves; or by an injection of water, preferably via the electromagnetic heating wells 2 themselves, the water being vaporized in situ by electromagnetic heating.
- auxiliary fluid in liquid form dispersed in the formation is particularly capable of capturing the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the electromagnetic heating device 100.
- the vapor produced is dispersed in the formation 1, it infiltrates into the rock, and then, cooling (by giving in particular heat to the hydrocarbons of the formation), becomes liquid again.
- the auxiliary fluid makes it possible to increase the heating efficiency of the formation 1.
- the invention makes it possible to achieve a temperature of more than 200 ° C. in the underground formation 1, preferably of more than 300 ° C., in a particularly preferred manner of more than 350 ° C., and for example of approximately 400 0 C.
- a temperature of more than 200 ° C. in the underground formation 1, preferably of more than 300 ° C., in a particularly preferred manner of more than 350 ° C., and for example of approximately 400 0 C.
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
- Constitution Of High-Frequency Heating (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
RU2012103261/03A RU2012103261A (ru) | 2009-07-03 | 2010-07-02 | Способ извлечения углеводородов путем внутрипластового электромагнитного нагрева подземного месторождения |
MX2013000387A MX2013000387A (es) | 2010-07-02 | 2010-07-02 | Cableado electrico para varilla de perforacion, revestimiento y tuberia. |
US13/381,425 US9151146B2 (en) | 2009-07-03 | 2010-07-02 | Method for extracting hydrocarbons by in-situ electromagnetic heating of an underground formation |
CA2766566A CA2766566A1 (fr) | 2009-07-03 | 2010-07-02 | Procede d'extraction d'hydrocarbures par chauffage electromagnetique d'une formation souterraine in situ |
CN201080038737.2A CN102482939B (zh) | 2009-07-03 | 2010-07-02 | 通过对地下岩层现场电磁加热而提取碳氢化合物的方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0903279A FR2947587A1 (fr) | 2009-07-03 | 2009-07-03 | Procede d'extraction d'hydrocarbures par chauffage electromagnetique d'une formation souterraine in situ |
FR0903279 | 2009-07-03 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2011001408A1 true WO2011001408A1 (fr) | 2011-01-06 |
Family
ID=41567206
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/IB2010/053036 WO2011001408A1 (fr) | 2009-07-03 | 2010-07-02 | Procede d'extraction d'hydrocarbures par chauffage electromagnetique d'une formation souterraine in situ |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US9151146B2 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN102482939B (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2766566A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2947587A1 (fr) |
RU (1) | RU2012103261A (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2011001408A1 (fr) |
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RU2696740C1 (ru) * | 2018-09-21 | 2019-08-05 | Общество С Ограниченной Ответственностью "Илмасоник-Наука" | Способ и устройство комплексного воздействия для добычи тяжелой нефти и битумов с помощью волновой технологии |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2947587A1 (fr) | 2011-01-07 |
US9151146B2 (en) | 2015-10-06 |
RU2012103261A (ru) | 2013-08-10 |
US20120118879A1 (en) | 2012-05-17 |
CN102482939B (zh) | 2015-06-03 |
CA2766566A1 (fr) | 2011-01-06 |
CN102482939A (zh) | 2012-05-30 |
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