WO2010150399A1 - 風力発電装置及びその制御方法 - Google Patents
風力発電装置及びその制御方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010150399A1 WO2010150399A1 PCT/JP2009/061727 JP2009061727W WO2010150399A1 WO 2010150399 A1 WO2010150399 A1 WO 2010150399A1 JP 2009061727 W JP2009061727 W JP 2009061727W WO 2010150399 A1 WO2010150399 A1 WO 2010150399A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- icing
- operation mode
- amount
- predetermined value
- wind turbine
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors
- F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D7/0264—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor for stopping; controlling in emergency situations
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors
- F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D7/0276—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor controlling rotor speed, e.g. variable speed
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors
- F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D7/04—Automatic control; Regulation
- F03D7/042—Automatic control; Regulation by means of an electrical or electronic controller
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
- F03D80/40—Ice detection; De-icing means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2260/00—Function
- F05B2260/80—Diagnostics
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a wind turbine generator and a control method thereof.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a method for detecting icing of a wind power generator.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above problem, and an object of the present invention is to provide a wind turbine generator capable of reducing the stop time of the wind turbine generator due to the icing of the windmill blade and a control method thereof. To do.
- an icing detection means for detecting an icing amount of a windmill blade, and when the icing amount detected by the icing detection means exceeds a first predetermined value, an operation mode is provided. Is switched to a no-load operation mode in which power generation is not performed, and the icing detection means detects the amount of icing in a state of operation in the no-load operation mode.
- the mode is switched to the no-load operation mode and the operation is performed in the no-load operation mode.
- the amount of icing is detected in the state.
- the operation was stopped immediately when the icing occurred, for example, when the stop period was long, the equipment included in the windmill would be cooled, and it took a considerable time to restart. there were.
- the present invention as described above, even if icing is detected, the operation is continuously performed in the no-load operation mode, so that the warm-up can be continuously performed.
- the operation can be resumed from the state in which the device is warmed, and the operation is resumed. It is possible to reduce the time required for the process.
- the operation is performed when the icing detection means detects an icing amount exceeding a second predetermined value that is larger than the first predetermined value. It is desirable to stop.
- the operation in the no-load operation mode is performed, and the icing amount exceeds the second predetermined value. In some cases, the operation is stopped.
- the no-load operation is performed as much as possible within a range that does not hinder the operation of the wind power generator. The operation in the mode can be continued, and the opportunity to resume the operation from the warmed-up state can be increased.
- the mode is switched from the no-load operation mode to the normal operation mode. I am going to do that.
- the normal operation is resumed when the icing amount is reduced, thereby preventing a decrease in operating efficiency of the wind turbine generator.
- the operation control can be stabilized.
- the rotation speed of the wind turbine rotor may be set so that ice attached to the wind turbine blade does not reach the surrounding wind turbine generator when the wind turbine rotor rotates.
- the rotation speed of the wind turbine rotor is set so that ice attached to the wind turbine blade does not reach the surrounding wind turbine generator. Thereby, the influence on the circumference by the ice adhering to a windmill blade splashing can be prevented.
- the icing detection means of the wind power generator may detect an icing amount based on physical characteristics of the windmill blade. Thereby, the amount of icing can be calculated using an existing apparatus.
- the physical characteristic is, for example, distortion.
- the wind turbine When the icing detection means of the wind turbine generator is unable to detect the amount of icing in the operation stop state, the wind turbine is switched to the no-load operation mode after a predetermined period from the stop of the operation, and the operation is performed in the no-load operation mode. In this state, it is desirable that the icing amount is detected by the icing detection means. In this way, the operation is started in the no-load operation mode after a predetermined time from the operation stop state, and the icing state is detected while operating in the no-load operation mode. It is possible to reduce the operation stop time as compared with the case of restarting afterwards.
- the second aspect of the present invention detects the icing amount of the windmill blade, and when the icing amount exceeds the first predetermined value, the operation mode is switched to the no-load operation mode in which the power generation is not performed. It is a control method of a wind power generator which detects the amount of icing while operating in the no-load operation mode.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of a wind turbine generator 1 according to the present embodiment.
- the wind turbine generator 1 includes a support column 2, a nacelle 3 installed at the upper end of the support column 2, and a rotor head 4 provided in the nacelle 3 so as to be rotatable around a substantially horizontal axis.
- Three windmill blades 10 are attached to the rotor head 4 radially around the rotational axis thereof.
- the force of the wind striking the wind turbine blade 10 from the direction of the rotation axis of the rotor head 4 is converted into power for rotating the rotor head 4 around the rotation axis, and this power is provided to the generator provided in the wind power generator 1. Is converted into electrical energy.
- the wind turbine generator 1 is provided with an icing detection unit (icing detection means) 7 for detecting the icing amount of the windmill blade 10 and detects the icing amount of each windmill blade 10.
- the icing detection unit 7 detects the icing amount of each windmill blade 10 in a state where the rotor head 4 is rotating, and includes a sensing unit 71 and a signal processing unit 72. Yes.
- the sensing unit 71 is provided in each windmill blade 10, detects distortion of the windmill blade 10, and outputs the detected distortion to the signal processing unit 72.
- the signal processing unit 72 is provided in the rotor head 4 or the like, receives the detection result in the sensing unit 71, and calculates the icing amount of each windmill blade 10 from the detection result.
- the sensing unit 71 and the signal processing unit 72 are devices for measuring a load related to the windmill blade 10, and are known devices.
- an FBG (FiberratingBragg Grating) sensor can be employed as the sensing unit 71.
- This FBG sensor is a sensor that reads a change in the lattice spacing of a Bragg grating due to strain or heat based on a change in the wavelength of reflected light.
- the technology for calculating the distortion by the sensing unit 71 (FBG) and the signal processing unit 72 is a known technology (for example, product number WIND-SPEC-006-5 manufactured by insensys). Detailed description of the detection method will be omitted.
- the signal processing unit 72 includes a signal receiving unit 73, an icing amount calculation unit 74, and an operation mode switching unit 75.
- the signal receiving unit 73 periodically sends light to the sensing unit 71 and detects a wavelength change from the reflected light.
- the signal receiver 73 outputs the detected wavelength information to the icing amount calculator 74.
- the icing amount calculation unit 74 calculates the icing amount of the windmill blade 10 based on the wavelength information acquired from the signal receiving unit 73. For example, the icing amount calculation unit 74 calculates a strain based on the acquired wavelength, calculates a bending moment of the windmill blade 10 based on the strain value, and calculates an icing amount based on the calculated bending moment. To do.
- the icing amount calculation unit 74 is provided with a plurality of threshold values for the icing amount, determines whether or not the icing amount exceeds the threshold value, and outputs the determination result to the operation mode switching unit 75. The determination by the icing amount calculation unit 74 is performed for each of the three wind turbine blades 10.
- the operation mode switching unit 75 switches the operation mode based on the determination result of the icing amount calculation unit 74. Further, it is desirable to switch the operation mode when the icing amount of at least one windmill blade 10 exceeds a threshold value.
- the threshold value is a first predetermined value set for the amount of icing of at least one windmill blade 10, a second predetermined value larger than the first predetermined value, and the like.
- the third predetermined value is a value equal to the first predetermined value.
- the operation mode switching unit 75 sets the operation mode of the wind turbine generator 1 to the no-load operation mode.
- the no-load operation mode is, for example, an operation that does not generate power (no load).
- the first predetermined value is preferably set to an icing amount so that icing is detected but it is not necessary to stop the operation.
- the operation mode switching unit 75 determines that the icing amount of at least one windmill blade 10 is equal to or less than the first predetermined value by the icing amount calculation unit 74 in a state of operating in the no-load operation mode. In the case of failure, the operation mode of the wind turbine generator 1 is switched to the normal operation mode.
- the operation mode switching unit 75 determines that the icing amount of at least one windmill blade 10 has exceeded the second predetermined value by the icing calculation unit 74 in the state of operating in the no-load operation mode. In that case, the operation of the wind turbine generator 1 is stopped.
- the second predetermined value is set to a value larger than the first predetermined value.
- operation of the wind power generator 1 shall be 2nd predetermined value.
- the amount of ice that hinders the operation is a value of the amount of ice that causes a problem in the operation of the wind turbine generator 1. For example, when the stress of the lower part of the support column 2 becomes larger than a predetermined value, or when the allowable load of a bearing, a gearbox, etc. is exceeded.
- the icing amount is in the no-load operation mode in a range larger than the first predetermined value and not more than the second predetermined value.
- the wind turbine generator 1 is switched to the no-load operation mode, and the threshold value determination similar to the above is performed.
- the icing amount is larger than the second predetermined value
- the icing amount is detected at predetermined time intervals, and the icing amount is detected. Is confirmed to be less than or equal to the second predetermined value, the no-load operation mode is resumed.
- adopted by this embodiment cannot detect the amount of icing in the state which the rotation of the rotor has stopped, when the driving
- the rotation speed of the wind turbine rotor is smaller than the distance that the ice adhering to the wind turbine blade 10 scatters when the wind turbine rotor rotates.
- the number of revolutions is set such that the distance to be scattered is equal to or less than the distance from the wind turbine generator 1 installed in the vicinity. For example, when the interval between wind turbines is 190 meters, the rotation speed of the rotor 4 is controlled to be 1 rpm to 6 rpm.
- step SA1 distortion is measured by the sensing unit 71 and the signal receiving unit 73 of the icing detection unit 7 (step SA1), and the measurement result is output to the icing amount calculation unit 74.
- the icing amount calculation unit 74 calculates the icing amount Wi attached to the windmill blade 10 based on the measured strain, and periodically determines whether or not it exceeds the first predetermined value.
- the switching unit 75 the operation mode is switched (step SA2).
- the operation mode of the wind turbine generator 1 is set to the “normal operation” mode.
- the operation mode switching unit 75 switches the operation mode of the wind turbine generator 1 to the “no load operation” mode (step SA4).
- step SA5 When operating in the no-load operation mode, it is periodically determined whether or not the icing amount Wi exceeds the second predetermined value (step SA5). As a result, the operation of the wind turbine generator 1 is stopped (step SA6). If the icing amount Wi does not exceed the second predetermined value, the process returns to step SA1 and the measurement of the icing amount Wi is continued.
- step SA7 it is determined whether or not a predetermined time (for example, 1 hour) has elapsed since the wind power generator 1 was stopped because the icing amount Wi exceeded the second predetermined value. If it is determined that the predetermined time has elapsed, the operation is started in the “no load operation” mode (step SA8), the process returns to step SA1, and the measurement of the icing amount Wi is continued. If the predetermined time has not elapsed, the determination as to whether the predetermined time has elapsed is repeated (step SA7).
- a predetermined time for example, 1 hour
- the amount of icing adhered to the windmill blade 10 is calculated from the strain measured from the windmill blade 10, and this icing is performed. It is determined whether or not the amount exceeds the first predetermined value, and if it exceeds, the mode is switched to the no-load operation mode. Further, in the no-load operation mode, the operation mode is switched depending on whether the second predetermined value is exceeded or the first predetermined value is exceeded.
- the operation when icing is detected, the operation is not stopped immediately, but a period for operating in the no-load operation mode is provided, and the icing during the no-load operation mode operation is provided. Whether to stop the operation or to switch to the normal operation mode is determined in accordance with the state. Thereby, for example, when the amount of icing is reduced to be equal to or less than the first predetermined value, it is possible to quickly switch from the no-load operation mode to the normal operation mode. Thereby, the operation rate of the wind power generator 1 can be improved.
- the icing amount is detected while the rotor head 4 is rotating.
- the present invention is not limited to this. For example, it is good also as what detects the amount of icing even if the rotor head 4 is not rotating. In this case, it is possible to eliminate the process of switching to the no-load operation mode in order to detect the amount of icing when the operation is stopped.
- the third predetermined value is equal to the first predetermined value, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- the third predetermined value may be a value smaller than the first predetermined value.
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Abstract
Description
従来は、着氷があった場合に直ぐに運転を停止していたため、例えば、停止期間が長期間にわたる場合には、風車が備える機器が冷えてしまい、再起動に相当な時間を要するという問題があった。これに対し、本発明では、上述のように、着氷が検出されても、無負荷運転モードにより運転を継続して行うので、暖機を継続して行うことが可能となる。これにより、例えば、無負荷運転モードが実施されているときに着氷量が減少し、運転が再開される場合には、機器が暖められている状態から運転を再開することができ、運転再開に要する時間を短縮することが可能となる。
これにより、既存の装置を流用して着氷量を算出することができる。また、物理特性とは、例えば歪等である。
このように、運転停止状態から所定時間経過後に無負荷運転モードで運転を開始し、無負荷運転モードで運転しつつ着氷の状態を検出するので、従来のように目視で着氷を確認してから再起動する場合よりも、運転停止時間を低減させることが可能となる。
4 ロータヘッド
7 着氷検出部(着氷検出手段)
10 風車ブレード
71 センシング部
72 信号処理部
73 信号受信部
74 着氷量算出部
75 運転モード切替部
風力発電装置1は、図1に示されるように、支柱2と、支柱2の上端に設置されるナセル3と、略水平な軸線周りに回転可能にしてナセル3に設けられるロータヘッド4とを有している。ロータヘッド4には、その回転軸線周りに放射状に3枚の風車ブレード10が取り付けられている。これにより、ロータヘッド4の回転軸線方向から風車ブレード10に当たった風の力が、ロータヘッド4を回転軸線周りに回転させる動力に変換され、この動力が風力発電装置1に設けられた発電機によって電気エネルギーに変換されるようになっている。
信号受信部73は、周期的にセンシング部71に光を送出し、その反射光から波長変化を検出する。信号受信部73は、検出した波長の情報を着氷量算出部74に出力する。
また、着氷量算出部74による判定は、3つの風車ブレード10に対してそれぞれ行われる。
まず、風力発電装置1の運転中に着氷を検知した場合について、図3を用いて説明する。
着氷量Wiが第2所定値を上回ったことにより風力発電装置1が停止された状態から、所定時間(例えば、1時間)経過したか否かが判定される(ステップSA7)。所定時間経過したと判定された場合には、「無負荷運転」モードで運転を開始し(ステップSA8)、ステップSA1に戻り、着氷量Wiの計測を継続する。また、所定時間経過していない場合には、所定時間経過したか否かの判定を繰り返す(ステップSA7)。
Claims (7)
- 風車ブレードの着氷量を検出する着氷検出手段を備え、
前記着氷検出手段により検出された着氷量が第1所定値を上回った場合に、運転モードを、発電を行わない無負荷運転モードに切り替え、前記無負荷運転モードで運転している状態で、前記着氷検出手段により着氷量を検出する風力発電装置。 - 前記無負荷運転モードで運転している状態において、前記第1所定値よりも大きい第2所定値を上回る着氷量が前記着氷検出手段により検出された場合に、運転を停止する請求項1に記載の風力発電装置。
- 前記無負荷運転モードで運転している状態において、前記第1所定値以下に設定された第3所定値を下回る着氷量が前記着氷検出手段により検出された場合に、通常運転モードに切り替える請求項1または請求項2に記載の風力発電装置。
- 前記無負荷運転モードにおいて、風車ロータ回転時、風車ブレードに付着した氷が、周囲の風力発電装置に到達しないように風車ロータの回転数が設定される請求項1から請求項3のいずれかに記載の風力発電装置。
- 前記着氷検出手段は、前記風車ブレードの物理特性に基づいて着氷量を検出する請求項1から請求項4のいずれかに記載の風力発電装置。
- 前記着氷検出手段が運転停止状態において着氷量を検出できない場合、
風車の運転停止時から、所定期間経過後に前記無負荷運転モードに切り替え、前記無負荷運転モードで運転している状態で、前記着氷検出手段により前記着氷量を検出する請求項1から請求項5のいずれかに記載の風力発電装置。 - 風車ブレードの着氷量を検出し、着氷量が第1所定値を上回った場合に、運転モードを、発電しない運転状態である無負荷運転モードに切り替え、前記無負荷運転モードで運転している状態で、着氷量を検出する風力発電装置の制御方法。
Priority Applications (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN200980111421.9A CN102439296B (zh) | 2009-06-26 | 2009-06-26 | 风力发电装置及其控制方法 |
PCT/JP2009/061727 WO2010150399A1 (ja) | 2009-06-26 | 2009-06-26 | 風力発電装置及びその制御方法 |
CA2716497A CA2716497C (en) | 2009-06-26 | 2009-06-26 | Wind turbine generator and method of controlling the same |
JP2009550122A JP4898925B2 (ja) | 2009-06-26 | 2009-06-26 | 風力発電装置及びその制御方法 |
EP09749314.2A EP2447529B1 (en) | 2009-06-26 | 2009-06-26 | Wind driven generator and method of controlling same |
BRPI0910385A BRPI0910385A2 (pt) | 2009-06-26 | 2009-06-26 | gerador de turbina eólica e método de controle deste |
KR1020107020100A KR101200122B1 (ko) | 2009-06-26 | 2009-06-26 | 풍력 발전 장치 및 그 제어 방법 |
US12/600,817 US8039980B2 (en) | 2009-06-26 | 2009-06-26 | Wind turbine generator and method of controlling the same |
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PCT/JP2009/061727 WO2010150399A1 (ja) | 2009-06-26 | 2009-06-26 | 風力発電装置及びその制御方法 |
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US (1) | US8039980B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2447529B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4898925B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101200122B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN102439296B (ja) |
BR (1) | BRPI0910385A2 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2716497C (ja) |
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JP2017053293A (ja) * | 2015-09-11 | 2017-03-16 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 風力発電装置および風力発電装置の起動方法 |
US10054510B2 (en) | 2015-09-11 | 2018-08-21 | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. | Method of calibrating load measurement apparatus, load measurement system of wind turbine blade, and wind turbine |
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JP4599350B2 (ja) * | 2004-02-27 | 2010-12-15 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 風力発電装置およびそのアクティブ制振方法並びに風車タワー |
JP5200097B2 (ja) * | 2010-02-08 | 2013-05-15 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 風力発電装置およびその翼ピッチ角制御方法 |
SE1150921A1 (sv) * | 2011-10-05 | 2013-04-06 | Windvector Ab | Förfarande och anordning för detektering av ansamling av material på en vindturbins blad och för bestämning av ankommande vindförhållanden |
US9447778B2 (en) * | 2011-11-02 | 2016-09-20 | Vestas Wind Systems A/S | Methods and systems for detecting sensor fault modes |
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KR20110014972A (ko) | 2011-02-14 |
US8039980B2 (en) | 2011-10-18 |
EP2447529B1 (en) | 2019-09-25 |
KR101200122B1 (ko) | 2012-11-12 |
CA2716497A1 (en) | 2010-12-26 |
CN102439296B (zh) | 2014-05-28 |
CA2716497C (en) | 2013-11-12 |
EP2447529A4 (en) | 2017-06-21 |
JP4898925B2 (ja) | 2012-03-21 |
US20110042950A1 (en) | 2011-02-24 |
JPWO2010150399A1 (ja) | 2012-12-06 |
EP2447529A1 (en) | 2012-05-02 |
BRPI0910385A2 (pt) | 2015-10-06 |
CN102439296A (zh) | 2012-05-02 |
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