WO2010147495A1

WO2010147495A1 - Water treating installation

Info

Publication number: WO2010147495A1
Application number: PCT/RO2009/000024
Authority: WO
Inventors: Viorel Bucur
Original assignee: Viorel Bucur
Priority date: 2009-06-18
Filing date: 2009-11-30
Publication date: 2010-12-23
Also published as: RO126117A2; RO126117B1

Abstract

The invention relates to a water treating installation for obtaining a fuel gas that may be used for producing thermal or electric energy to meet the consumption needs of a group of households in various geographic regions, as well as for obtaining clean water to be used in agriculture, industry or as drinking water. The water treating installation comprises some reactors (A, B C and D) for initial treatment of water (A), a front intermediary reactor (B), a rear intermediary (C) reactor and a reactor for final treatment of water (D), each provided with one of some metal shells (1, 37, 184 and 1), each confining one or some enclosures (d, n, d and a' ).

Description

WATER TREATING INSTALLATION

The invention relates to a water treating installation for obtaining a fuel gas that may be used for producing thermal or electric energy to meet the consumption needs of a group of households in various geographic regions, as well as for obtaining clean water to be used in agriculture, industry or as drinking water.

At present there are known installations for obtaining thermal or electric energy, provided with a burner wherein a solid or gaseous fuel is burnt in order to produce hot water, or the fuel is burnt in an electric current generator.

The disadvantages of these installations consist in that they are dependent on conventional fuel sources that have to be provided from outside or stored inside the household.

There are known installations for obtaining fuel gas and hot water by electrolysis of clean water by using low voltage impulses in a reactor.

The disadvantages of these installations consist in that a relatively low quantity of gas is obtained in conditions in which the energetic consumption has relatively high values.

The problem solved by the invention consists in providing a modular installation for treating effluents, saline or clean waters in the conditions of increasing the fuel gas flow rate obtained depending on needs, with a relatively low electric energy consumption.

According to the invention, the installation eliminates the above-mentioned disadvantages in that it comprises some reactors for the initial treatment of water, a front intermediary reactor, a rear intermediary reactor and a reactor for final treatment of water, each of said reactors being provided with one of some metal shells confining one of some enclosures, the reactor for initial treatment of water having some flat electrodes made of wolfram, said electrodes being arranged parallel to one another inside the enclosure, being driven from the outside, by means of some rods, by some electrical motors, the rods being in connection with some nuts with balls, to the front side relative to the electrodes there being located some upper, lower and rear guides, the upper and lower guides preferably having a curved or planar shape, and the rear one having a planar shape, in the latter there being mounted a pipe for driving and feeding with water, said pipe being in connection with a ball nut engaging with a threaded rod driven in rotary motion by another electric motor, the guides closing an opening between the electrodes, so that only a rear opening between the electrodes is in communication with the enclosure, the front intermediary reactor being provided in the enclosure with a wall separating the enclosure into an upper and a lower chamber, in connection with the wall there being mounted a suction basket located in the lower chamber, wherethrough the water is sucked up by an electric pump and pushed into a distributor which penetrates some disks made of stainless steel having creased and sand blasted faces and some alternatively mounted creased sieves made of stainless steel wire, some flat metal supports secured to the lower side to the wall, being in connection with some electrical contacts connected to an electrical impulse generator provided with a signal adder transformer as well as a resistor supplying the sieves with electric energy, at the inner side the supports being in contact with the side disks, the sieves being connected, by means of a threaded rods, to the generator, on the rod on either side of the sieves there being mounted some nuts, between the disks and sieves there being mounted some insulators wherethrough there pass some screws electrically insulated to the outer side, which penetrate through some overlapped holes drilled in the disks and sieves, in the latter there being drilled some orifices, as well as some other orifices through which there pass a gas collector, the distributor and a water collector which communicates with the lower chamber wherein there is mounted a filter for retaining mainly the carbon particles, to which there is secured a connection for water inlet, located under an impurity retaining sieve, the rear intermediary reactor having a sieve located in the shell, under which there is located a filter for retaining the carbon particles resulting from the reactor for the total treatment of water, in connection with said filter there is mounted a water feeding connection protruding outside of the shell, in the proximity of the sieve in the enclosure there being mounted an intermediary support provided with some through holes in front of which there are located some inner pipes having some lower outer portions in contact with the intermediary support, some upper portions being located in some outer pipes in relation to which they are positioned by means of some spacers made of an insulating material, between each external pipe and the upper portion there being formed an annular space of 1.5 ... 2.0 mm, the lower portions being connected to a lower electric connector and the pipes being connected to the lower side to an upper electric connector, the connectors being coupled to an electric impulses generator provided with a voltage amplifying circuit as well as with a switching diode which also acts as a blocking diode by preventing short-circuiting of the electrical circuits of a secondary coil of a transformer, the external pipes penetrating through holes drilled in a support made of an insulating material secured in the shell, the reactor for final treatment of water comprising the two electrodes arranged in the enclosure, driven from the outside by the electric motors.

Another objective of the claimed invention consists in that for treating effluents or salty water, it consists of at least two reactors for initial and total treatment, respectively, between which there is interlaid a front intermediary reactor, and the reactor for the initial treatment of water is connected to the rear intermediary reactor in connection with which there is mounted a reactor for final treatment of water, therebetween there being placed some suction conduits, as well as some conduits for pushing the water, by means of some electrical pumps, the fuel gas being collected by a conduit to which there are connected some conduits connected to the upper side of the reactors, and the steam in the reactor enclosure for final water treatment being passed through a heat exchanger and the resulting water being recirculated into the enclosure by an electrical pump, the treated water being partially discharged from the rear intermediary reactor through a suction duct of an electrical pump, this conduit being connected to the conduit mounted in connection with the final water treatment reactor.

Another objective of the claimed invention consists in that the disks and sieves belonging to the front intermediary reactor are located in a housing which is integral at the lower side to the wall and which confines an enclosure, in the latter there being mounted some temperature, pressure and level sensors. Another objective of the claimed invention consists in that the reactors for initial treatment of the water, the front intermediary reactor, the reactor for total treatment of water and the rear intermediary reactor are in connection with some water discharge conduits which communicate with a collecting conduit wherefrom water is pushed by a pump, through another conduit, into the tank.

Another objective of the claimed invention consists in that the conduit for the water discharge from the rear intermediary reactor is connected to a conduit having an electric valve mounted therein, through said conduit, when the reactors for initial treatment of water, the front intermediary reactor and the reactor for total treatment of water are stopped, an electric pump pushes the water into the enclosure for obtaining gas and steam.

The installation claimed by the invention has the following advantages:

- the source of producing the fuel is non-polluting as such and by processing the same there are not produced noxious substances which could affect the environment;

- it allows to obtain fuel gas in the conditions in which there concomitantly take place the cleaning of the sewage or desalting the salty water taken form salty lakes, seas or oceans;

- the installation may be mounted in any geographical region in which clean water may be used as a source;

- the installation has a relatively simple construction and requires a surveillance not involving the presence of a specialized operator

- depending on the created situations, it is possible to obtain at least the fuel gas each time.

There is given hereinafter an embodiment of the installation, according to the invention, in connection with Figures 1 ... 18, which represent:

Figure 1 is the diagram of the component parts of the water treating installation; Figure 2 is the constructive diagram of a reactor for the initial treatment of water; Figure 3 is a section, according to a plane B-B given in Figure 2, through some guides of the reactor; Figure 4 is a section, according to a plane C-C presented in Figure 3, through

The guides; Figure 5 is a section, according to the plane B-B presented in Figure 2, through guides carried out in another constructive embodiment;

Figure 6, section, according to a plane D-D presented in Figure 5, through the guides; Figure 7 is a constructive diagram of a front intermediary reactor; Figure 8 is the constructive diagram of a reactor for the final treatment of water; Figure 9 is a section, according to the plane E-E presented in Figure 8, through the reactor;

Figure 10 is a side view of a disk belonging to the front intermediary reactor; Figure 11 is a side view of a sieve belonging to the front intermediary reactor; Figure 12 is the block diagram of a signal generator for supplying the front intermediary reactor;

Figure 13 is the block diagram of a signal generator for supplying the reactors for the initial treatment and for total treatment of water, respectively, and for a reactor for final treatment of water;

Figure 14 is a constructive diagram of a rear intermediary reactor; Figure 15 is a side view of a support belonging to the rear intermediary reactor; Figure 16 is a section, according to the plane G-G presented in Figure 14, through the rear intermediary reactor; - Figure 17 is the block diagram of a signal generator for supplying the rear intermediary reactor;

Figure 18 is a side view of an insulator belonging to the front intermediary reactor. The installation claimed, by the invention consists of at least two reactors A for treating water, a front intermediary reactor B, a rear intermediary reactor C and a reactor D for final treatment of water.

A reactor A consists of a cylindrical shell 1 arranged vertically, closed by some lower and upper covers 2 and 3, to which there are secured some lower and upper connections 4 and 5. Some lateral lower and upper connections 6 and 7 are secured to the shell 1 wherein there are provided some through lower, intermediary and upper holes a, b and c, wherethrough in an enclosure d confined by the shell 1 and the covers 2 and 3 there are introduced some pressure, temperature and level sensors 8, 9 and 10. In a miportion of the shell 1 there are machined some coaxially arranged windows e and f penetrated by some rods 11 and 12 whereto, at some inner ends g and h there are secured some electrodes 13 and 14 preferably made of wolfram, said electrodes being positioned in the enclosure d and some outer threaded ends i and j are secured in some nuts 187 and 188 with balls. The balls are displaced along some guides 15 and 16 provided to the external side with a helical channel for accommodating the balls of the nuts 187 and 188, entrained in rotary motion by some electric motors 17 and 18 mounted on some supports 19 and 20 positioned in relation to the shell 1.

To the lower side the nuts 187 and 188 are sustained in position by some rods 21 and 22 in connection with which there are mounted some limit stops 23 and 24 secured to the supports 19 and 20.

To the front side relative to the planar electrodes 13 and 14 there are located some upper and lower guides 25, 26 and 27 preferably having a curved shape, such as a semicylindrical or planar shape and a rear guide, respectively, having a planar shape, said guides being preferably made of ceramic material, the guides 25 and 26 being joined to guide 27. The guides 25 and 26 are arranged parallel to one another and spaced apart by a distance equal to the height of electrodes 13 and 14 with which they can be brought into contact, situation in which the guide 27 to which the guides 25 and 26 are secured closes a front opening k between the electrodes 13 and 14, so that only a rear opening I between the electrodes 13 and 14 communicates with the enclosure d.

The guide 27 is provided with a window m in front of which a driving and water feeding pipe 28 is secured to said guide, to said pipe there being secured a nut 29 with balls which engages with a threaded rod 30, driven in rotary motion by an electric motor 31 secured to a support 32, positioned relatively to the shell 1 by another support 33, to which there is also secured a rod 34 for maintaining the nut 29 in operation position.

In shell 1 there is mounted a press gland 35 penetrated by the pipe 28 which in its turn is in connection with a flexible conduit 26 for feeding water.

The reactor B comprises a cylindrical shell 37 closed by some lower and upper covers 38 and 39 wherein there are mounted some lower and upper connections 40 and 41 , wherethrough an enclosure n confined by the shell 37 may communicate to the outside. The enclosure d is divided into two upper and lower chambers o and p by a wall 42 tightly fixed to the shell 37 in its midregion. In the chamber p there are mounted a level sensor 43 and a sieve 44 for retaining the impurities. In connection with the wall 42 there is mounted a suction basket 45 located in the chamber p wherethrough the water in the chamber is sucked up, through a conduit 46, by an electric pump 47 which pushes it through a conduit 48 into a distributor 49 which penetrates some creased discs 50 made of stainless steel sheet and some alternatively mounted creased sieves 51 , respectively, made of stainless steel. The disks 50 and sieves 51 may be located in a housing 52 which is integral to the lower side on the wall 42 which confines an enclosure q-

Some lateral planar metal supports 189 and 190 secured to the lower side on the wall 42 are in electric contact with the side disks 50 which are connection with some electric contacts 53 and 54 connected to an electric impulse generator controlled from a general control panel 55.

The sieves 51 are connected, by means of a threaded rod 56 on which there are mounted some nuts 57 located by twos in contact with each sieve 51 , to the general control panel 55. The rods 56 penetrate some through holes x' drilled inside some lugs y' of the sieves 51.

In the enclosure q there are mounted some temperature, pressure and level sensors 58, 59 and 60. A disk 50 is made of creased stainless steel sheet, having both sides sand blasted, in said faces there are cut some orifices r, s and t, a big lateral central, a small median and a small lower lateral orifice, respectively, through which there pass a gas collector 61, the distributor 49 and a water collector 62, respectively, said water collector communicating with the chamber p.

Between the disks 50 and sieves 51 there are mounted some insulators 63 preferably made of rubber, which are penetrated by some screws 64 insulated to the external side which penetrate some through holes u cut in the disks 50 as well as some through holes v provided in the sieves 51.

Each sieve 51 is provided with some orifices x, y and z, a big lateral central, a small median and a lower small lateral orifice, which correspond as position to the orifices r, s and t, wherethrough the collector 61 , distributor 49 and collector 62 pass.

In chamber p there is mounted a support 65 which sustains a filter 66 made of fine stainless steel mesh, for mainly retaining the carbon particles, to said sieve there being secured a water inlet connection 67 which penetrates the shell 37 and which is located below the sieve 44.

Chamber p can communicate with the outside both with a connection 68 located in close proximity of the support 65 as well as through the connection 40.

The reactor C comprises a cylindrical shell 184 to which there are secured some lower and upper covers 185 and 186 in connection with which there are mounted some lower and upper connections 68 and 69. The shell 184 together with the covers 185 and 186 confine the enclosure a' wherein, in the midregion of the shell 184, there is mounted a sieve 70 made of stainless steel mesh, under which there is placed a filter 71 made of stainless steel mesh for retaining the carbon particles resulting from salty water treatment in the reactor A for total treatment of water, in connection with said filter there is mounted a water feeding connection 72 which protrudes out of the shell 184. In the shell 184 there is mounted a water discharge connection 73 located under the connection 72. The filter 71 is mounted on a lower support 74 integral with the shell 184.

The enclosure a' also communicates with the outside through the connections 68 and 69 for discharging water and for eliminating the gas, respectively.

In the proximity of the sieve 70 in enclosure a' there is mounted an intermediary support 75 integral with the shell 184, provided with some through holes b' in front of which there are located some inner pipes 76 having some external lower portions c' which are in contact with the support 75. Some upper internal portions d' are located in some outer pipes 77 in relation to which they are positioned by means of some spacers 78 made of an insulating material. Between each pipe 77 and the portion d' there is formed an annular space e' having the distance between the pipe 77 and the portion d' of 1.5 ... 2 mm. Both pipes 76 and 77 are open both at the upper and lower sides.

The portions c' are connected to a lower electric connector 79, and pipes 77 are connected to the lower side to an upper connector 80.

The conduits 77 penetrate some through holes f drilled in a support 81 made of an electrically insulating material, secured to the shell 184. The support 81 is located above it and in close proximity of the connector 80. In enclosure a' there are mounted some temperature, pressure and level sensors.

The reactor D comprises a cylindrical shell 1 located vertically, closed with the lower and upper covers 2 and 3, to which there are secured the lower and upper connections 4 and 5. Some lower and upper lateral connections 6 and 7 are secured to the shell 1, in said shell there being provided the lower, intermediary and upper through holes a, b and c, wherethrough the pressure, temperature and level sensors 8, 9 and 10 are introduced into the enclosure d confined by the shell 1 and covers 2 and 3.

In the midportion of shell 1 there are cut the windows e and f located coaxially, penetrated by rods 11 and 12, to which, at the ends g and h there are secured the electrodes 13 and 14 preferably made of wolfram, positioned inside the enclosure d, and the outer threaded ends i and j are secured in the nuts 187 and 188 with balls. The balls are displaced along the guides 15 and 16 provided to the external side with a helical channel wherein there penetrate the balls of nuts 187 and 188, entrained in rotation motion by the electric motors 17 and 18, mounted on the supports 19 and 20 positioned in relation to shell 1.

To the lower side the nuts 187 and 188 are sustained in position by the rods 21 and 22, in connection therewith there are mounted the limit stops 23 and 24 secured to the supports 19 and 20.

The installation claimed by the invention for treating effluents or salty water comprises two reactors A for the initial treatment and total treatment of water, respectively, between the said reactors there being interlaid a front intermediary reactor B, and to the reactor A for total treatment of water there is connected the rear intermediary reactor C in connection with which there is mounted a reactor D for final treatment of water.

The effluents or the salty water at the environment temperature are introduced, by means of a centrifugal pump 85, through a conduit 86 having mounted therein an electric valve 87, into a tank 88, wherefrom through a suction conduit 89 it is pushed by an electrical pump 90, through a conduit 91 having mounted therein an electric valve 92, through the conduit 28 into the enclosure d. In the said enclosure the electrodes 13 and 14 are positioned by means of the motors 17 and 18 so that the distance therebetween is of 5 ... 15 cm, thereafter the guides 25, 26 and 27 are brought into contact with the electrodes 13 and 14.

The electrodes 13 and 14 are supplied with electric energy through rods 11 and 12 having the ends i and j connected to a generator F of high voltage impulse electric energy, controlled from the general control panel 55. The voltage value in this situation is of 1 ,000 ... 50,000 V and a current intensity of 5 ... 20 A, at a frequency of 10 .. 20 KHz.

During the water passage among the electrodes 13 and 14 and among the guides 25 and 26, respectively, between the electrodes 13 and 14, due to the electric discharges, there is formed a plasma region, there resulting a fuel gas which is accumulated in the enclosure d above the water level and wherefrom, through the connection 5 and through a conduit 93 having mounted therein an electric valve 94 is discharged into a conduit 95 having mounted therein an electric valve 96, connected to a compressor 97, which in its turn, through a conduit 98, having mounted therein an electric valve 99, pushes the compressed gas into a tank 100.

Rods 11 and 12 are electrically connected to the panel 55 by means of some electric lines 101 and 102. The water initially treated in the enclosure d, which contains by 50 ... 60% less impurities or salt, but which contains an electrolyte initially contained in the water subjected to the treatment in reactor A, in an amount of 5 ... 10% is sucked up through a conduit 103 connected to the connection 6, by a centrifugal pump 104, and it is pushed through a conduit 105 having mounted therein an electric valve 106, and through the connection 67 into the filter 66 located in chamber p of the reactor B. From chamber r the water filtered by filter 66 is sucked up by the pump 47 and pushed through the conduit 48 into the distributor 49 circulating through the space among the disks 50 and sieves 51.

The dimension of a space between a disk 50 and an adjacent sieve 51 has a value of 3 ... 4 mm and are electrically insulated therebetween by locating an electric insulator 63. The disks 50 are connected to the electric impulse generator G, so that the electric energy supply thereof is as frequency impulses, under the conditions in which the impulse voltage applied to the disks 50 has a value of 180 V and the intensity has a value of 1.32 ... 2.64 A, so that the voltage value between two consecutive disks 50 is of 4 ... 6 V, which ensures the water dissociation to obtain a maximum gas volume which comprises hydrogen and oxygen, depending on the data processed in table 55.

The signal generator G concomitantly applies both direct current normally used and an alternating current of various frequencies, with the energy, frequency and signals pre-established as a result of a calculation which takes into consideration the charactersitics of the ion in the electrolyte, the existence of a double electric layer, the redox processes, as well as other secondary phenomena occurring in the electrolyte. The high frequency electric current determines modifications in the double electric layer on the specifically absorbed ions, and on the cations exerting an imbalancing of the energies for hydrating these ions in the proximity of the cathode, as well as of the anions and hydroxyl ions close to the anode, up to the limit where the individual action creates the condition necessary for carrying out the redox processes at longer distances relative to the cathoide or anode. The continuous electric field conditions the formation of hydrogen bubbles in the cathode zone (not inside the cathode) and oxygen bubbles in the anode zone and which form a capacitor with electric loads distributions, said loads being compressed and expanded because of the applied direct electric current and which has certain fluctuations due to the frequency impulses of the alternating signals, continuously accumulating energy until the surface stress of liquid which also includes the gas bubbles favours the occurrence of an explosion-like phenomenon, moment in which the water molecule is divided and the electric loads are taken over by the individual atoms, these being ionized and creating the premise of an enhanced conductivity in the electrolyte, and by implanting a disk made of stainless steel mesh, coupled to the impulse generator G, this will operate as a grid, so that in the moment when the negative alternance acts, the cations are accelerated towards the sieve 51 wherefrom when they reach in front of it, a null moment is installed, and based on the inertia and on the continuous electric field, it continues its displacement towards the cathode and after the occurrence of the positive alternance, the cation is rejected and accelerated towards the cathode. Similarly, there takes place the action of displacing the anion towards the anode, which dually drives the sieve 51 and the anode upon the occurrence of the positive alternance with the null moment created upon the change from positive to negative. Thus, the concentration polarization in the electrolyte is eliminated and the conduction in the space between the disks 50 is enhanced. The signal generator G directly supplies the anode and cathode with electric energy and, the frequency-modulated impulses are transmitted by means of an adder transformer whose secondary winding is connected to the cathode and anode with positive and negative voltages, and the sieve 51 is connected through a resistor to the positive terminal for accelerating the atoms.

The process of dissociating water into hydrogen and oxygen atoms is carried out by applying the modulated voltage impulses of fixed frequencies with previously indicated values to the metal disks 50. These impulses are as impulse sequences periodically repeating, in the conditions in which the modulating wave has a frequency of 500 Hz, the modulated impulse frequency having the values 3917, 7834, 15,668, 31 ,336, 62,672, 125,344 KHz.

The water extant between two consecutive disks 50, considering that they represent a fixed capacitor, behaves as a dipole.

Even a small potential difference, for example of 0.5 V applied between two consecutive disks, will initiate the polar atomic orientation within the water molecule, based on the fact that between the two disks 50 there also occurs a potential difference. In pure state, water, as a consequence of an extremely reduced own ionization, has a relatively low electrical conductivity given by the relations (1) and (2):

H20 =£> H+ + OH -; (1)

K = 1.04 - 10 - 11 at 25°C (2) wherein, K represents the water electric conductivity.

For this reason, the pure water is relatively difficult to hydrolyze, in exchange, it has a dielectric constant, μ, with a value close to 80, fact that confers ionizing and dissolving characteristics on the same, this being one of the most important solvents for electrolytes and even for non-polar inorganic and organic combinations.

The disks 50 in the water, are chemically inert and are good electrical conductors, having a capacity that can be determined by the relation (3):

C = ε A/d (3) wherein:

C represents the capacitor capacity; ε — the dielectric constant of the environment between two disks 50 and it is obtained with the relation (4):

ε = K ε₀ (4)

wherein:

K represents a constant whose values are given in Table 1 , εo — the dielectric constant of the vacuum A — area of a disk 50; d — distance between two consecutive disks 50.

Table 1 Dielectric constants of various materials

It is known the fact that a gram atom is equal to the atomic mass of substance, a gram molecule is equal to the molecular mass of the substance. A gram molecule of hydrogen and a gram molecule of oxygen which are in the water molecule are equal to two grams and 16 grams, respectively.

In a water molecule there are 2 ^■ 100/18 = 11.11% which represents the hydrogen mass; 16 ^■ 100/18 = 88.89 which represents the oxygen mass. A litre of hydrogen has a weight of 0.09 grams and a litre of oxygen has a weight of 1.47 grams. A litre of water contains (111.11/0.09) 1234.44 litres of hydrogen, and (888.89/1.47) 604.69 liters of oxygen.

A gram of water contains 1.23 litres of hydrogen.

It is known the fact that for producing 1000 litres of hydrogen there are necessary 4 kW/h of electric energy, and for a gram of water there are necessary 4 W/h.

For measuring the parameters of the electrolysis reactor B wherein the disks 50 and sieves 51 are supplied at a voltage of 180 V and a current intensity of 1.32 ... 2.64 A there was built an electrolyser consisting of two disks 50 and a sieve 51 and a final stage of electronic excitation into which water with electrolyte was introduced.

The voltage between two consecutive disks is of 4 ... 6 V and the current intensity is of 1.32 ... 2.64 A. The total power of the installation is of 237 W/h and for two consecutive disks 50 and a sieve 51 the power is of 7.2 W/h. To this effect there were used a Hameg type HMF 2250 programmable functions generator, a Hameg type HM7042 voltage and current source, a Hameg type HM2008 digital memory oscilloscope, a Matterman-type 39 XR digital ammeter and a Yilu-type BM50A digital voltmeter, known per se. The results of the analysis of performed measurements are presented in Table 2.

Table 2

According to the data in Table 2 it results that an electrolysis with at least 446.9% efficiency can be carried out. The difference of interpretation between the values measured in the classical way by the voltmeter and ammeter as against the values measured by the digital oscilloscope are due to the fact that an electrolysis cell behaves as a capacitor that is influenced by the processes that take place between its armatures. The voltmeter reads the maximum value of the voltage at the terminals of the capacitor, and the oscilloscope reads the value of impulses at the capacitor terminals, in the unit of time.

Consequently, the energy consumption for producing hydrogen from water is reduced by almost 1 ,100 times as against the reading by a classical voltmeter.

The atomic structure of an atom manifests two types of electrically charged elements to the effect that the orbital electrons, e^", are charged negatively and the nucleus is composed of protons with positive electric charges. Excitation takes place by energy release, for the electron to reach upper levels. The energy necessary for excitation on the first upper level is the minimum excitation energy. Another characteristic of the excited state is that the atom radius increases correspondingly, in other words the excited atom is more "inflated" that the one in the fundamental state. Usually the excited atom is denoted by A^*, the ionized one by A⁺ if it is a positive ion once ionized, or by A⁺⁺ if biionized, and the negative ions by A^". The negative ions are formed by attaching one or more electrons to a neutre atom according to the relation (5)

e^" + A — -> A^* + e^" (excitation), . , (5)

The hydrogen bonds are of electrostatic nature.

In the water molecule, the nuclei of the two hydrogen atoms form together with the oxygen atom nucleus an angle of 104°54'.

The dissociation energy is given by the relation (6):

H₂O > H + OH; = 286.4 kj/mole (6) The dissociation of water into its components, by using the high frequency currents is made by means of the impulse generator which creates repeating impulses of high amplitude, is given by the relation (7)

H₂ and (1 / 2) O₂ = catalyst => H₂O - ΔH 302.375 BTU / mole of water (7)

The sieves 51 located between two consecutive disks 50 are in connection through an electric line 107 with the zero pole of the impulse generator G which has the other poles in connection with the disks 50 by means of the electrical lines 108 and 109 connected to the panel 55.

The connection 41 is in connection, through a conduit 110 having mounted therein an electric valve 111 , with the conduit 95 which takes over the fuel gas.

The water in chamber r, which has the same physical-chemical characteristics as the water introduced into the filter 66, resulting from the reactor A, is discharged through the connection 68 and through a suction conduit 112, in connection with the centrifugal pump 113 and is pushed through a conduit 114, having mounted therein an electric valve 115 connected to the conduit 28 of the second reactor A. In the latter there take place the same succession of phases with regard to treatment of the water, after which, through the connection 5 and a conduit 116 having mounted therein an electric valve 117, the gas is discharged into the conduit 95.

To the connection 6 there is secured a suction conduit 118 of a centrifugal pump 119 which pushes the water sucked from the enclosure d through a conduit 120, having mounted therein an electric valve 121 and through the connection 72 into the filter 71 of reactor C. The water in the enclosure a' reaches in the annular space e" also as a consequence of connecting the connectors, by means of some electric lines 122 and 123, to the general control panel 55 and implicitly to a generator E of repeating modulated impulses.

The water electrolysis in reactor C consists in treating water without adding electrolyte, inside a resonating chamber a' wherein there are located the pipes 76 and 77 which constitute a capacitor with water as dielectric, connected through an L-C type circuit brought to resonance by an impulse current with frequency and variable filling factor E.

Impulse frequency and shape are dictated by two considerations:

- volume and shape of the resonance chamber in the capacitor;

- type of water subjected to electrolysis, viscosity and temperature of the solution.

Within the electrolysis there takes place the breaking of the covalent bond in the water molecule by two electrical phenomena which take place simultaneously and that are aimed at increasing the installation output and the amount of gases discharged for the consumed electrical energy.

The first phenomenon consists in applying a sequence of impulses of 2 ... 50 KHz of high voltage of 1 ... 6 KV on the second armature of the capacitor, which will lead to a powerful ionization of the component elements of the water molecule, but also a deformation of these molecules weakening the power of the covalent bond.

The second phenomenon, simultaneous with the first one, synchronous on the same sequence of impulses, consists in the application of a reach through voltage of 200 -500 volts on one of the armatures for the purpose of establishing an electric current in the water mass in the resonance chamber between the two armatures. This current will initially be higher, of 400 mA, but as soon as the resonance is reached in the electric circuit wherein the capacitor is connected, this will decrease to a level of 10 ... 30 mA.

The generator E emits repetitive rectangular-shaped signals with a frequency value of 12 ... 50 KHz modulated with a rectangular wave of a frequency of 800 Hz.

The total impulse consists of more impulses of different amplitudes in increasing order and a number of eight impulses for a maximum excitation of the annular space e', this meaning a maximum of fuel gas produced in the space e'. Upon applying an impulse, the water molecule starts to polarize relatively slightly.

Increasing the number of signals up to a value of the signal frequency of 12 ... 50 KHz there is formed the clock signal in a signal generation block 124 and in a controller block 125, respectively, which has the function of scanning the block 124. A high voltage transformer 126 together with a voltage amplification circuit 127 increases the voltage amplitude and the secondary voltage is proportional with the number of turns.

The commutation diode in circuit 127 acts as a blocking diode by preventing shortcircuiting the electrical circuits of the secondary winding of the transformer 126.

The resonance frequency of the space e' can be calculated by the relation 8:

(8)

wherein:

FO: represents a resonance frequency, ωO - pulsation,

L - inductance,

C - capacity of the space e' filled with water.

The impedance of the secondary winding of transformer 126 and the capacity of a capacitor 128 achieved in the space e' connected in series is given by formula 9:

Z series = (Xc - Xl) (9) wherein:

Z series represents the circuit impedance, Xc - inductive reactance, Xi - capacitive reactance.

The block 125 controls the operating parameters of block 124 for generating modulated impulses depending on the fuel gas flow rate obtained in reactor C. Thus, upon lowering the gas flow rate signalled by a pressure sensor 82, the signal is transmitted to block 125, which controls the signal block 124 to modify the output parameters up to reaching the pre-established value of the flow rate.

The generator E is supplied with electric current through a transformer and rectifier block 129 in connection with block 124.

The gas in enclosure a' is discharged through the connection 69 and through the conduit 130 having an electric valve 131 mounted therein and which is connected to the conduit 95. The connectors 79 and 80 are supplied with electric current by means of some electric lines 132 and 133 connected to the panel 55.

The water in enclosure a' is sucked up through the connection 73 and through a conduit 134 by a centrifugal pump 135 and pushed through a conduit 136 having mounted therein an electric valve 137, into the enclosure d of the reactor D having the electrodes 13 and 14 connected to panel 55 by means of some electric lines 138 and 139.

The gas in the enclosure d is discharged through the connection 5 through a filter 141 for retaining the steam and through a conduit 142 having mounted therein an electric valve 143 , said valve being connected to conduit 95. To the connection 140 there is connected a conduit 144 having mounted therein an electric valve 145 wherethrough the steam in enclosure d at a temperature of 300 ... 400°C is led into a heat exchanger 146 wherefrom water cooled down to a temperature of 70 ... 80⁰C is sucked up through a conduit 147 by a pump 148 through a conduit 149 having an electric valve 150 mounted therein, and pushed through connection 4 into the enclosure d. To the connection 6 there is secured a conduit 151 having mounted therein an electric valve 152, wherethrough a pump 153 can suck up water from the lower side of the enclosure d and push it through a conduit 154 into a tank not presented in the figures. To the conduit 134 there is connected a conduit 155 having mounted therein an electric valve 156 wherethrough a pump 157 can suck up clean water from chamber p and push it through a conduit 158.

To the connection 68 there is secured a conduit 159 having mounted therein an electric valve 160 connected to a long sucking up conduit 161 connected to a pump 162 which pushes the water through a conduit 163 into the tank 88. To the conduit 161 there are connected some conduits 164, 165 and 166 which have therein some electric valves 167, 168 and 169 and which are mounted to the lower side of the reactors A, B and A. To conduit 159 there is connected a conduit 167 having mounted therein an electric valve168 wherethrough a pump 169 can introduce clean water into the enclosure e' to obtain gas in the reactor C and gas and steam, respectively, in reactor D.

Reactors A and D are supplied with electric current of 1 ,000 ... 50,000 V and an intensity of 5 ... 20 A from a generator F which comprises a transformer block 170 supplied from a 380 V voltage, connected to a high power transistor block 171 to which a fixed frequency signal generator block 172 is connected. Block 171 is connected to a block 175 for amplifying the output voltage.

The panel 55 ensures the control and correct operation of the reactors A, B, C and D and comprises a central module equipped with microcontrollers and program memories wherein there can be implemented an adequate software for controlling and checking the installation operation. A display ensures visualizing the real time installation parameters.

The signals resulting from the temperature sensors 8,82 and 58, pressure sensors 9, 59 and 83 and level sensors 10, 60 and 84 are taken over by some modules for transmitting the unified signal data not presented in the figure, mounted in panel 55.

The data acquired from the installation are analyzed in the module for processing the control and checking data and there is transmitted information which constitutes signals to start up and stop the installation components.

In the conditions in which the reactors A, B and A are stopped for various reasons, fuel gas can be obtained from clean water, in which case the electric valve 176 mounted within the conduit 161 between the conduits 159 and 164 is closed, and the electric valves 160 and 168 are open so that the pump 169 pushes the clean water through the conduits 167 and 169 into the enclosure e' of the reactor C. The water in enclosure e' is pushed by the pump 135 through the conduit 136 into the enclosure d of the reactor D which produces steam and gas.

In case the salty sea or ocean water is contained in tank 88, the pump 90 sucks up and pushes the water into the enclosure d of the reactor A wherein there is produced gas and a lowering by 50 ... 60% of the salt content, whereafter the water is sucked up and pushed by a pump 104 into the filter 66 of the reactor B and it is passed among the disks 50 and sieves 51 , the role of electrolyte in this situation having the salt content remained in the water after its being passed through the reactor A. Then the water is introduced into another reactor A wherein the desalting of the water is continued and then water is passed through the reactors C and D for obtaining gas and steam. The water having an acceptable salt content may be used in agriculture, or after filtration it becomes drinking water and is discharged from the reactor C through the sucking up conduit 155 of the pump 157. A part of the water in enclosure a' is sucked up by the pump 135 and pushed into the enclosure d of the reactor D which supplies gas and steam.

When the used water is in the tank 88 it is proceeded similarly to the preceding situation, the clean water being sucked from enclosure a' through the conduit 155 by the pump 157.

Disks 50 and sieves 51 are in connection with the signal generator G which comprises a transformer block 177 supplied at a 220 V voltage, which supplies a block 178 generating frequency-modulated signals and a checking block 179 which receives data as signals from a pressure sensor 59, so that the block 178 modifies, if required, the emitted signal frequency, depending on the pressure value in enclosure q, which it transmits, by means of some blocks 180 and 181 with power transistors and signal adder transformer, respectively, to the disks 50 and sieves 51. Consequently, upon raising or lowering the pressure in relation to a pre-established value, the controller 179 transmits signals to the signal generator, and this modifies the frequencies up to the normal value.

The transformer block 177 supplies electric energy, by means of an electric circuit 182, to disks 50 and by means of a resistor 183 to the sieves 51.

In case of a reactor A for initial treatment of water, supplied with an electric energy amount equal to 50 kW/h, having a capacity equal to 50 litres of salty water whose composition is given in Table 3: Table 3

If we assume that in a space e' there are produced 0.060 litres/sec of fuel gas, then in 28 spaces e' an amount of 1.68 litres/sec are obtained that means 100.8 litres/minute, or 6,048 litres/h. Considering that the electric energy consumption for a space e' is of 40 W/h, 28 spaces e' consume an electric energy amount equal to 1,120 W/h.

The amount of gas produced, namely 6,048 Uh represents the equivalent of 21.3 KW/h in the conditions in which the equivalent to 1000 litres/h of hydrogen and oxygen produces 3.55 KW/h.

Thus, it results that, in case of producing the fuel gas in the reactor C, the efficiency is of 19 to 1. In case of producing fuel gas in the front intermediary reactor B, in conditions in which a number of disks 50 equal to 51 and a number of sieves 51 equal to 50, the consumed electric energy has a value of 700 W/h and there results a gas flow rate equal to 24 litres/min, that means 1 ,440 litres/h. The equivalent electric energy of the gas, considering that upon combusting 1 ,000 liters of gas there are produced 3.55 kW/h is of 4.97 IW/h, there resulting an efficiency of 7.1 to 1 in this case.

The electric energy consumed in reactor A has a value of 170,000 BTU/h at a voltage of 14 kV and a current intensity equal to 3.57 A, there resulting a gas flow rate equal to 21 ,000 litres/h, that means 450,000 BTU/h and 131.45kW/h, respectively. In these conditions the water salinity is reduced by 50 ... 60%.

In this case the efficiency is of 2.6 to 1.

The electric energy consumed in reactor A for treating the water has a value of 170,000 BTU/h equivalent to 50 kW/h at a voltage of 14 kV and a current intensity equal to 3.57 A, there resulting a gas flow rate equal to 21,000 liters/h, that means 450,000 BTU/h, and 131.45 kW/h, respectively. In these conditions, the water salinity is lowered by 40 ... 50%. In this case the efficiency is of 2.6 to 1.

The electric energy consumed in reactor D for final treatment of water is equal to 50 kW/h equivalent to 170,000 BTU/h at a voltage of 14 kV and an intensity of 3.57 A, there resulting a gas flow rate equal to 483,333 BTU/h equal to 185.5 kW/h. The steam produced in reactor D has a temperature of 300⁰C and flow rate is equal to 50 litres/h, equivalent to 135,806 BTU/h equal to an amount of electric energy equal to 39.7 kW/h. The efficiency in this case is of 4.5 to 1. In the situation in which the reactors A for initial and total treatment of water work concomitantly, in reactors B, C and D the obtained cumulated amount of fuel gas has a value of 71 ,784 litres/h equivalent to 1 ,536,177 BTU/h equal to an amount of electric energy equal to 513.22 kW/h.

Total input electric energy = 151.820 kW/h Total output electric energy = 513.22 kW/h Efficiency 3.3 to 1.

With regard to the tests performed on effluents, an analysis of effluents to be introduced into the reactor A for initial treatment of water was performed on the date of 12.11.2009 by the National Institute for Research-Development for Cryogenic and lsotopic Technologies , I. C. S. I. Ramnicu Valcea by sampling sewage taken from the purification station in Onesti, Bacau County.

Table 4 presents the composition of the effluent prior to its being introduced tnto the reactor A for treating effluents.

Table 4

National Institute for Research-Development for Cryogenic and lsotopic Technologies, ISCI, Ramnicu Valcea

Exchange 0250-732744 240050 Rm Valcea Bank BRD Rm Valcea, Code 303391003

Secretaπate 0250 + 7333890 O P 4, C P 10 IBAN account RO73BRDE390SV01871783900

Fax 0250-732744 Str Uzinei no 4 Treasury account RO55TREZ6715069XXX002816

E-mail office@ιcsι ro Fiscal code R2538104 Rm Valcea RO 36 TREZ6715070XXX002817

Web www isci.ro Registry of Commerce J38/47/1997

The results of the analysis presented in Table 5 confirm the fact that the water does not contain the substances indicated in Table 4, the water resulting according to the Bulletin no. 555 of 12.11.2009 is clean water, with a 7.8 pH, the other materials contained in the water before passing through the reactors A were not found.

Table 5

National Institute for Research-Development for Cryogenic and lsotopic Technologies, ISCI Ramnicu Valcea

Exchange 0250-732744 240050 Rm Valcea Bank BRD Rm Valcea, Code 303391003

Secretanate 0250 + 7333890 O P 4, C P 10 IBAN account RO73BRDE390SV01871783900

Fax 0250-732744 Str Uzinei no 4 Treasury account RO55TREZ6715069XXX002816

Web www.isci.ro Registry of Commerce J38/47/1997

Claims

1. Installation for treating water comprising a tank for storing the water to be treated, one or more compressors, a general control panel, some pressure, temperature and level sensors, characterized in that it comprises some reactors (A, B, C and D) for initial treatment of water, a front intermediary reactor, a rear intermediary reactor and a reactot for final treatment of water, each provided with one of some metal shells (1 , 37, 184 and 1 ), each confining one of some enclosures (d, n, d and a'), the reactor (A) for the initial treatment of water having some planar electrodes (13 and 14) made of wolfram, arranged parallel to one another within the enclosure (n), driven from the outside, by means of some rods (11 and 12), by some electric motors (17 and 18), the rods (11 and 12) being in connection with some ball nuts (187 and 188), to the front side as related to the electrodes (13 and 14) there being located some upper, lower and rear guides (25, 26 and 27), the upper and lower ones having a curved or planar shape, and the rear one having a planar shape, in this last one there being mounted a driving and water feeding pipe (28) in connection with a ball nut (29) which engages a threaded rod (30) driven in rotary motion by another electric motor (31), the guides (25, 26 and 27) closing an opening (k) between the electrodes (13 and 14), so that only a rear opening (1) between the electrodes (13 and 14) communicates with the enclosure (d), the front intermediary reactor (B) being provided in the enclosure (n) with a wall (42) which divides it into some upper and lower chambers (o and p), in connection with the wall (42) there being mounted a suction basket (45) located in the lower chamber (p), wherethrough the water is sucked up by an electric pump (47) and pushed into a distributor (49) which penetrates some stainless steel disks (50) with creased and sand blasted faces and some alternatively mounted creased sieves (51) made of stainless steel wire, some planar metal supports (189 and 190) secured to the lower side to the wall (42) being in connection with these electrical contacts (53 and 54) connected to an electric impulse generator (G) provided with a signal adder transformer (181 ) as well as a resistor (183) which supplies electric energy to the sieves (51 ), to the inner side the supports (189 and 190) being in contact with the side disks (50), the sieves (51 ) being connected, by means of a threaded rod (56), to the generator (G), on the rod (56) on either side of the sieves (51) there being mounted some nuts (57), between the discs (50) and sieves (51) there being mounted some insulators (63) through which there pass some screws (64) electrically insulated to the outer side, which penetrate some through holes (u and v) machined in the disks (50) and sieves (51), in the latter there being practiced some orifices (r, s and t), as well as some other orifices (x, y and z) through which there pass a gas collector (61), the distributor (49) and a water collector (62) which communicates with the lower chamber (p) in which there is mounted a filter (66) for mainly retaining the carbon particles, to which there is secured a water inlet connection (67) located under a sieve (44) for retaining the impurities, the rear intermediary reactor (C) having a sieve (70) placed in the shell (184) under which there is arranged a filter (71 ) for retaining the carbon particles contained in the water treated in the reactor (A) for total treatment of water, in connection with which there is mounted a water feeding connection (72) which protrudes out of the shell (184), in the proximity of the sieve (70), in the enclosure (a¹) there being mounted an intermediary support (75) provided with some through holes (b¹) in front of which there are located some inner pipes (76) having some outer lower portions (c') in contact with the intermediary support (75), some upper portions (d¹) being located in some outer pipes (77) in relation to which they are positioned, by means of some spacers (78), made of an insulating material, bewteen each outer pipe (77) and the upper portion (d') there is formed an annular space (e') of 1.5 ... 2.0 mm, the lower portions (c¹) being connected to a lower electrical connector (79), and the pipes (77) being connected to the lower side to an upper electric connector (80), the connectors (79 and 80) being coupled to an electric impulse generator (E) provided with a voltage amplification circuit (127), as well as with a switching diode which also acts as a blocking diode by preventing shortcircuiting the electric circuits of the secondary coil of a transformer (126), the outer pipes (77) passing through some holes (f) drilled in a support (81) made of an insulating material secured to the shell (184), the reactor (D) for final treatment of water comprising the two electrodes (13 and 14) located inside the enclosure (d), driven from the outside by the electric motors (17 and 18).

2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that, for treating effluents or saline water, comprises at least two reactors (A) for initial treatment of water and for the total treatment of water, respectively, between said reactors there being interlaid a front intermediary reactor (B), and the reactor (A) for initial treatment of water is connected to the rear intermediary reactor (C), in connection with which there is mounted a reactor (D) for final treatment of water, between these there being mounted some sucking conduits (103, 112, 118 and 134) as well as some conduits (105, 114, 120 and 137) for pushing the water, by means of some electrical pumps (104, 113, 119 and 125), the fuel gas being collected by a conduit (95) to which there are connected some conduits (93, 110, 116, 130 and 143) connected to the upper side of the reactors (A, B, A, C and D) and the steam in the enclosure (d) of the reactor (D) for final treatment of water being passed through a heat exchanger (146), the resulting water being recirculated in the enclosure (d) by an electric pump (148), the treated water being partially discharged from the rear intermediary reactor (C), through a suction conduit (155) of an electric pump (157), this conduit (155) being connected to the conduit (134) which is mounted in connection with the reactor (D) for final treatemnt of water.

3. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the disks (50) and sieves

(51) belonging to the front intermediary reactor (B) are located inside a housing

(52) which is integral to the lower side with a wall (42) and which confines an enclosure (q) wherein some temperature, pressure and level sensors (58, 59 and 60) are mounted.

4. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the reactors (A, B, A and C) for the initial treatment of water, a front intermediary reactor reactor for total treatment of water and a rear intermediary reactor are connected by some conduits (166, 165, 164 and 159) for discharging water, which communicate with a collecting conduit (161 ) from which the water is pushed by a pump (162) through another conduit (163) into the tank (88).

5. lnstllation according to claimi, characterized in that, the conduit (159) for the water discharge from the rear intermediary reactor (C ) is connected to a conduit (167) having mounted therein an electric valve (168) through which, when the reactors (A, B, and C), the front intermediary reactor and the reactor for total treatment of water are stopped, an electric pump (169) pushes the water into the enclosure (a') to obtain gas and steam.