WO2010139546A1 - Semiconductor structural element and method for the production thereof - Google Patents
Semiconductor structural element and method for the production thereof Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010139546A1 WO2010139546A1 PCT/EP2010/056690 EP2010056690W WO2010139546A1 WO 2010139546 A1 WO2010139546 A1 WO 2010139546A1 EP 2010056690 W EP2010056690 W EP 2010056690W WO 2010139546 A1 WO2010139546 A1 WO 2010139546A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- masking layer
- substrate
- nanowire
- trench
- semiconductor
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 230000000873 masking effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 239000006251 one-dimensional electron gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002070 nanowire Substances 0.000 claims description 72
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920002120 photoresistant polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002488 metal-organic chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000609 electron-beam lithography Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001459 lithography Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002800 charge carrier Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052594 sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010980 sapphire Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 4
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000003486 chemical etching Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010884 ion-beam technique Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005428 wave function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910002704 AlGaN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- -1 AlInN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QLJCFNUYUJEXET-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminum;trinitrite Chemical compound [Al+3].[O-]N=O.[O-]N=O.[O-]N=O QLJCFNUYUJEXET-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052729 chemical element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 2
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002601 GaN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XBPBJVZJEBBUFI-UHFFFAOYSA-H N(=O)[O-].[In+3].[Al+3].N(=O)[O-].N(=O)[O-].N(=O)[O-].N(=O)[O-].N(=O)[O-] Chemical compound N(=O)[O-].[In+3].[Al+3].N(=O)[O-].N(=O)[O-].N(=O)[O-].N(=O)[O-].N(=O)[O-] XBPBJVZJEBBUFI-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- RNQKDQAVIXDKAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum gallium Chemical compound [Al].[Ga] RNQKDQAVIXDKAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N argon Substances [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005137 deposition process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001312 dry etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910003465 moissanite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000059 patterning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004038 photonic crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001020 plasma etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005036 potential barrier Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003631 wet chemical etching Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y10/00—Nanotechnology for information processing, storage or transmission, e.g. quantum computing or single electron logic
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching, or capacitors or resistors with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/02—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/06—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by their shape; characterised by the shapes, relative sizes, or dispositions of the semiconductor regions ; characterised by the concentration or distribution of impurities within semiconductor regions
- H01L29/0657—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by their shape; characterised by the shapes, relative sizes, or dispositions of the semiconductor regions ; characterised by the concentration or distribution of impurities within semiconductor regions characterised by the shape of the body
- H01L29/0665—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by their shape; characterised by the shapes, relative sizes, or dispositions of the semiconductor regions ; characterised by the concentration or distribution of impurities within semiconductor regions characterised by the shape of the body the shape of the body defining a nanostructure
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching, or capacitors or resistors with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/02—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/06—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by their shape; characterised by the shapes, relative sizes, or dispositions of the semiconductor regions ; characterised by the concentration or distribution of impurities within semiconductor regions
- H01L29/0657—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by their shape; characterised by the shapes, relative sizes, or dispositions of the semiconductor regions ; characterised by the concentration or distribution of impurities within semiconductor regions characterised by the shape of the body
- H01L29/0665—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by their shape; characterised by the shapes, relative sizes, or dispositions of the semiconductor regions ; characterised by the concentration or distribution of impurities within semiconductor regions characterised by the shape of the body the shape of the body defining a nanostructure
- H01L29/0669—Nanowires or nanotubes
- H01L29/0673—Nanowires or nanotubes oriented parallel to a substrate
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching, or capacitors or resistors with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/02—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/06—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by their shape; characterised by the shapes, relative sizes, or dispositions of the semiconductor regions ; characterised by the concentration or distribution of impurities within semiconductor regions
- H01L29/0657—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by their shape; characterised by the shapes, relative sizes, or dispositions of the semiconductor regions ; characterised by the concentration or distribution of impurities within semiconductor regions characterised by the shape of the body
- H01L29/0665—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by their shape; characterised by the shapes, relative sizes, or dispositions of the semiconductor regions ; characterised by the concentration or distribution of impurities within semiconductor regions characterised by the shape of the body the shape of the body defining a nanostructure
- H01L29/0669—Nanowires or nanotubes
- H01L29/068—Nanowires or nanotubes comprising a junction
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching, or capacitors or resistors with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66007—Multistep manufacturing processes
- H01L29/66075—Multistep manufacturing processes of devices having semiconductor bodies comprising group 14 or group 13/15 materials
- H01L29/66227—Multistep manufacturing processes of devices having semiconductor bodies comprising group 14 or group 13/15 materials the devices being controllable only by the electric current supplied or the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified or switched, e.g. three-terminal devices
- H01L29/66409—Unipolar field-effect transistors
- H01L29/66439—Unipolar field-effect transistors with a one- or zero-dimensional channel, e.g. quantum wire FET, in-plane gate transistor [IPG], single electron transistor [SET], striped channel transistor, Coulomb blockade transistor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02367—Substrates
- H01L21/0237—Materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02436—Intermediate layers between substrates and deposited layers
- H01L21/02439—Materials
- H01L21/02488—Insulating materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02518—Deposited layers
- H01L21/02521—Materials
- H01L21/02524—Group 14 semiconducting materials
- H01L21/02532—Silicon, silicon germanium, germanium
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02518—Deposited layers
- H01L21/02521—Materials
- H01L21/02538—Group 13/15 materials
- H01L21/0254—Nitrides
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02612—Formation types
- H01L21/02617—Deposition types
- H01L21/02636—Selective deposition, e.g. simultaneous growth of mono- and non-monocrystalline semiconductor materials
- H01L21/02639—Preparation of substrate for selective deposition
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02656—Special treatments
- H01L21/02664—Aftertreatments
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching, or capacitors or resistors with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/02—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/12—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by the materials of which they are formed
- H01L29/20—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by the materials of which they are formed including, apart from doping materials or other impurities, only AIIIBV compounds
- H01L29/2003—Nitride compounds
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing a semiconductor component in which a one-dimensional electron gas can be formed, comprising the following steps: providing a substrate having a first surface; Depositing a masking layer having a first surface and a second surface, wherein the second surface of the masking layer is disposed on the first surface of the substrate; Introducing at least one trench into the masking layer; Introducing a semiconductor material into the at least one trench and removing the first masking layer. Furthermore, the invention relates to a semiconductor device produced by this method.
- Semiconductor devices of the type mentioned in the introduction may in some embodiments contain field effect transistors, optical waveguides and / or nanoelectromechanical systems.
- This known semiconductor device has the disadvantage that the semiconductor material is composed of a plurality of crystallites with intervening grain boundaries.
- the grain boundaries form unwanted impurities which impede the charge carrier transport within the semiconductor material and / or form centers for the recombination of non-equilibrium charge carriers. The performance of these known semiconductor devices is therefore reduced.
- the object of the invention is therefore to provide low-dimensional semiconductor structures, in particular nanowires, which have a lower electrical resistance and / or an increased charge carrier mobility and / or an increased lifetime of the charge carriers. Furthermore, the invention is based on the object to provide a nanowire which can be used for applications in power and / or high-frequency electronics and / or high-temperature electronics. Furthermore, a nanowire is to be provided, which can be integrated together with conventional components on a planar-structured substrate.
- a method for producing a semiconductor component which has at least one partial region in which a one-dimensional electron gas can be formed, which comprises the following steps: providing a substrate having a first surface; Depositing at least one masking layer having a first surface and a second surface, wherein the second surface of the masking layer is disposed on the first surface of the substrate; Introducing at least one trench into the masking layer which extends to the first surface of the substrate; Introducing a semiconductor material into the at least one trench which is a group III nitride contains or consists of and removal of the first masking layer.
- the solution of the object in a semiconductor device comprising a substrate having at least a first surface and at least one nanowire, which contains a group III nitride or consists thereof and is disposed on the first surface, wherein in the nanowire a one-dimensional electron gas can be formed is and whose longitudinal extent is in the plane of the first surface of the substrate.
- the crystal quality of a low-dimensional semiconductor material can be improved over the prior art if the semiconductor material is arranged substantially on the surface of the substrate and is not buried in the substrate.
- the planar geometry of the semiconductor device proposed according to the invention allows the use of conventional manufacturing methods to produce semiconductor devices with nanowires.
- the planar geometry of the semiconductor devices proposed according to the invention facilitates the contacting of the nanowires and their connection to one another and / or their connection to further monolithically integrated components on the same substrate, even those in which no one-dimensional electron gas is formed.
- the substrate used in the present invention may, in some embodiments, include silicon, silicon carbide, sapphire, diamond, magnesia, or zinc oxide.
- the masking layer in some embodiments, includes Si x N y and / or SiO 2 .
- the semiconductor material used in the invention contains a III-V semiconductor.
- the semiconductor material comprises a group III nitride, which is a compound of at least one element of III. Main group of the Periodic Table and contains or consists of nitrogen.
- the semiconductor material may include or consist of InN and / or GaN and / or AlInGaN.
- the semiconductor material can furthermore contain dopants and / or unavoidable impurities.
- the introduction of at least one trench into the masking layer can be effected in one embodiment of the invention by means of electron beam lithography and / or UV lithography and / or a nanoprinting process.
- a photoresist can be used, which protects in a subsequent dry or wet chemical etching step partial surfaces of the masking layer from the attack of the etchant.
- an insulating layer having a first side and a second side can be deposited before the deposition of the masking layer, wherein the second side of the insulating layer is arranged on the first side of the substrate and the second side of the masking layer on the first side of the insulating layer is arranged.
- the semiconductor material or the nanowire is separated from the substrate, so that the influence of the substrate on the crystal structure and / or the electrical properties of the semiconductor material can be reduced.
- the insulating layer may have a thickness of about 100 nm to about 10 microns.
- the insulating layer in some embodiments, may include AlN, AlGaN, AlInN, GaN, Al 2 O 3 , SiC, or diamond.
- the insulating layer is nominally undoped, but this does not preclude that impurities in the layer may be detectable, for example, as unavoidable impurities.
- the isolation Layer may be formed electrically insulating or semi-insulating.
- the insulating layer can be deposited heteroepitactically or homoepitaxially on the substrate. In this way, a surface with improved quality for receiving the semiconductor material compared to the surface of the substrate can be provided. In this way, the crystal quality of the semiconductor material can be further increased.
- the semiconductor material is at least partially released, so that the nanowire has no contact with the substrate or the insulating layer in this section.
- a separation point is introduced into the coherent semiconductor material of the nanowire.
- the separation point may be introduced by material removal with a focused ion beam in some embodiments.
- the separation point may have a width of 10 nm to about 100 nm.
- the separation point may, in some embodiments, be used to provide an insulating region between two semiconductor materials.
- the separation point can be filled with a dielectric solid or a dielectric gas.
- At least one partial section of the nanowire can be designed to be mechanically movable.
- the current Position of such a nanowire can be determined and / or influenced. This can be done in some embodiments by a capacitive excitation and / or a capacitive distance measurement.
- the semiconductor device according to the invention may include a nanoscale and / or a mechanically movable switching element.
- a further development of the invention can provide, after the application of at least one nanowire in a first structuring plane, further nanowires to be applied in further structuring planes, wherein the individual
- Structuring levels can be separated by insulation layers.
- three-dimensional structures can be generated, such as photonic crystals, multilayer nanoelectromechanical systems or three-dimensionally structured electronic components.
- FIGS. 1 to 3 are views of a detail of a semiconductor substrate after some process steps of the manufacturing method proposed according to the invention have been carried out.
- FIG. 4 shows a cross section through part of a semiconductor component proposed according to the invention.
- Figure 5 and 6 shows an embodiment of a semiconductor device having a movable nanowire.
- FIG. 7 shows an exemplary embodiment of a semiconductor component according to the invention, which contains a planar field-effect transistor.
- Figure 1 shows a view of a semiconductor device 10 having a semiconductor substrate 11.
- the substrate 11 may, in some embodiments, include or consist of silicon, silicon carbide, sapphire, diamond, magnesia or zinc oxide.
- the substrate 11 may be a single crystalline substrate. However, in other embodiments of the invention, the substrate 11 may also be amorphous or polycrystalline.
- the substrate 11 may have a thickness of about 100 ⁇ m to about 1 mm.
- the substrate 11 may contain further chemical elements, in particular dopants for setting a predeterminable electrical conductivity.
- the material of the substrate 11 may contain unavoidable impurities which are introduced into this or on its surface in the manufacturing process, during polishing or during storage of the substrate 11.
- the impurities may in particular comprise oxygen, hydrogen, carbon, hydrocarbons or water.
- an optional insulation layer 12 is applied to the surface of the substrate 11.
- the insulating layer may in some embodiments be deposited from an activated gas phase, for example by means of chemical vapor deposition or physical vapor deposition.
- the insulating layer 12 may also be applied to the surface of the substrate 11 by means of a sputtering method.
- the insulating layer 12 may also be omitted.
- the insulating layer 12 may in some embodiments include undoped aluminum nitrite, aluminum gallium nitrite, aluminum indium nitrite, gallium nitrite, sapphire or diamond. In other embodiments of the invention, the insulating layer 12 may also contain semi-insulating silicon carbide. The insulation layer 12 may be homoge- epitaxially or heteroepitaxially applied to the substrate 11. The insulation layer 12 may contain further chemical elements, in particular dopants for setting a predeterminable electrical conductivity. In particular, the dopant boron, aluminum, gallium,
- the material of the insulating layer 12 may contain unavoidable impurities which are introduced into the insulating layer 12 or on its surface in the manufacturing process, during polishing or during the storage of the substrate 11.
- the impurities may in particular comprise oxygen, hydrogen, carbon, hydrocarbons or water.
- the insulating layer 12 may have a thickness of about 100 nm to about 1 ⁇ m in some embodiments of the invention.
- the crystal orientation of the surface of the insulation layer 12 may be selected such that the crystallization of a semiconductor material is influenced on the surface 25 of the insulation layer 12 facing away from the substrate 11.
- the crystal structure of the insulating layer 12 is at least partially monocrystalline.
- a nanowire in the sense of the present invention is understood to mean a semiconductor material whose geometrical extent is selected such that the wave functions of the electrons are quantized in two spatial directions. In the third spatial direction, the electrons are mobile, so that a one-dimensional electron gas can form.
- a masking layer 13 is applied to the surface of the insulation layer 12.
- the masking layer 13 may be used in some embodiments Essentially consist of silicon nitride, silicon oxide or Siliziumoxinitrit.
- the masking layer may also contain further elements for doping and / or impurities.
- the masking layer 13 may be deposited by sputtering in some embodiments.
- the masking layer may be formed by depositing a silicon layer and then annealing in an oxygen and / or nitrogen-containing atmosphere.
- the masking layer 13 may have the same thickness as the nanowire to be produced. In particular, the masking layer 13 may therefore have a thickness of 20 nm to 110 nm.
- two trenches 14a and 14b are incorporated.
- the trenches 14a and 14b are located in those surface regions of the insulating layer 12 in which a nanowire is to be produced.
- the parallel alignment of the two trenches 14a and 14b is merely exemplary.
- the trenches 14 may have a different geometry.
- the trenches 14 may also intersect or form any other, regular or irregular pattern on the surface of the substrate 11 or the surface of the insulating layer 12.
- the number of trenches may be smaller or larger in some embodiments of the invention.
- the invention does not teach the provision of two trenches as a solution principle.
- the trenches 14 have a width of about 20 nm to about 110 nm, in particular a width of 40 nm to about 100 nm.
- the boundary surfaces of the semiconductor material introduced into the trenches act as potential barriers for the electron gas present in the semiconductor material, so that it is spatially limited in two spatial dimensions. This ensures that the nanowire produced in the trenches 14 is suitable for carrying the electrical To quantify the tronic wave function along its width, so that the wave functions of the free charge carriers propagate only in the direction along the longitudinal extent.
- Masking layer 13 is in some embodiments by wet or dry chemical etching of the masking layer 13. For this purpose, those surface areas of the masking layer 13, which are to be protected from the attack of the etching, protected with a photoresist.
- the photoresist can be applied to the side of the masking layer 13 facing away from the substrate 11 by means of a spin coating method. Following this, the photoresist is removed in those surface regions in which a trench 14a or 14b is to be introduced. In some embodiments, this can be done by means of electron beam lithography, UV lithography, a nano printing process or another patterning process known from planar semiconductor technology.
- the etching of the masking layer 13 is controlled so that an attack on the insulating layer 12 and the surface of the substrate 11 is largely omitted. This does not rule out that individual atomic layers of the insulating layer 12 are removed during the etching step. However, the trench 14 is substantially restricted to the masking layer 13. In embodiments which dispense with the insulating layer 12 and apply the masking layer 13 directly to the surface of the substrate 11, this applies mutatis mutandis to the surface of the substrate 11.
- FIG. 2 shows the semiconductor component 10 according to FIG. 1, after which in each case a semiconductor material 15a and 15b has been introduced into the trenches 14a and 14b.
- the semiconductor material may include or consist of a III-V semiconductor.
- the semiconductor material may include or consist of a group III nitride.
- the semiconductor material may include InN, GaN, AlN, InGaN, AlGaN, InAlN, and / or AlInGaN.
- the semiconductor material may include an elemental semiconductor.
- the semiconductor material may include or consist of silicon or germanium.
- the semiconductor material may be doped to adjust a predetermined conductivity or have unavoidable impurities.
- the semiconductor material is introduced into the trenches 14 by vapor deposition in some embodiments.
- a CVD, an MOCVD or an MOVPE method is suitable for depositing the semiconductor material.
- the semiconductor material 15 may fill the trench 14 completely or partially or may project beyond the surface 27 of the masking layer 13 at the end of the deposition process.
- a further polishing and / or etching step can occasionally take place in order to remove the surface of the semiconductor material 15a and 15b flush with the surface 25 of the masking layer 13 or to bring the semiconductor material together with the masking layer to a predefinable thickness.
- the masking layer 13 can be removed from the surface 25 of the insulation layer 12. This may be done in some embodiments by a wet chemical or dry chemical etching step.
- reactive ion etching for example with the use of argon ions, is suitable for removing the masking layer 13.
- the semiconductor device 10 After removing the masking layer 13, the semiconductor device 10 obtains the appearance shown in FIG.
- the Semiconductor material then forms in each case a nanowire 15a or 15b, in which a one-dimensional electron gas can form in two spatial directions due to the spatial confinement of the charge carriers.
- the nanowires 15a and 15b are exposed on the surface 25 of FIG.
- Insulation layer 12 is arranged.
- the nanowires 15a and 15b can be contacted in a simple manner and monolithically integrated with other components known per se on the same semiconductor substrate 11.
- the inventive method allows in a particularly simple
- FIG. 4 shows a section of the semiconductor component 10 in cross section.
- FIG. 4 shows the substrate 11 with the insulation layer 12 arranged thereon.
- the masking layer 13 has already been removed, with the result that the nanowire 15 is arranged free-standing on the surface 25 of the insulation layer 12. Since the etching of the trenches 14 in the masking layer 13 was stopped upon reaching the surface 25, the nanowire 15 is not or substantially not embedded in the insulating layer 12. In this way, the crystal quality of the semiconductor material of the nanowire 15 can be increased as desired.
- a contact element 18 is visible in cross section.
- the contact element 18 is configured to allow an electrical current flow between the nanowire 15 and the contact element 18 on the surface 26 of the nanowire 15.
- the contact element 18 forms an ohmic contact or a pseudo-ohmic contact on the surface 26.
- the contact element 18 may form a Schottky contact.
- the material of the contact element 18 is thereby in in a known manner depending on the semiconductor material used for the nanowire 15 is selected so that the desired behavior of the contact element 18 is established.
- the contact element 18 may include titanium or aluminum or gold or an alloy of these metals when the nanowire 15 contains GaN.
- FIG. 5 shows the semiconductor component 10 from FIG. 3 after further method steps of the proposed manufacturing method have been carried out.
- a partial surface 16 of the insulating layer 12 has been removed. This can be done in some embodiments by wet chemical or dry chemical etching after a surface complementary to the partial surface 16 has been protected by a masking layer, not shown, from the attack of the etching material. Removal of the insulation layer 12 results in an exemption of the nanowire 15a in the region of the partial surface 16. By contrast, the nanowire 15b still rests on the surface 25 of the insulation layer 12 over its entire length.
- Such a release nanowire 24 can by
- Inserting a separation point 17 are formed to a freely movable element.
- the separation point 17 can be generated in some embodiments by means of a focused ion beam, which removes the material of the nanowire 15a in the region of the separation point 17.
- the separation point 17 can also be produced by a masking and etching step.
- the movement of the movable nanowire 24 may be determined and / or controlled by capacitive coupling in some embodiments.
- electrically conductive electrodes can be arranged in the region of the recess 16 on the substrate.
- nanowire 24, in some embodiments may be used as a nanoscale for adherent molecules.
- linker Molecules on the surface of the nanowire 24 can be made a selective detection of predeterminable molecules. Due to the inventively reduced ratio of volume to surface, the sensitivity in the detection of molecules over the prior art may be increased.
- the nanowire 24 may be formed as a waveguide which couples an optical signal into the fixed portion 15c.
- the inventively proposed semiconductor device 10 may include a switch or a switch for optical signals.
- FIG. 6 once again shows the semiconductor component 10 according to FIG. 5 after a plurality of contact elements 18a, 18b and 18c has been applied.
- the contact elements 18a, 18b and 18c are used for electrically contacting the nanowire 15b and 24, respectively.
- a metal or an alloy is selected which forms an ohmic contact with the semiconductor material of the nanowires 24 and 15b.
- FIG. 7 shows a further exemplary embodiment of a semiconductor component 10 produced according to the invention.
- the semiconductor component according to FIG. 7 is also constructed on a substrate 11.
- On the substrate 11 is again an insulating layer 12, as described in connection with Figure 1.
- two nanowires 20 and 23 were applied, which extend approximately at right angles to each other.
- the separation point 17 can be generated either by elaborating the trenches corresponding to the nanowires in the masking layer 13 down to a thin web which forms the Size of the later separation point 17 pretends. In this way, the separation point 17 is formed in one operation in the removal of the masking layer. Alternatively, the trenches may also merge into one another, so that after removal of the masking layer, the nanowires 23 and 20 make a connection with each other. In this case, the separation point 17 can be generated by subsequent removal of a portion of the nanowire 23. In particular, the removal of the semiconductor material of the nanowire 23 by means of a focused ion beam is suitable for this purpose.
- the nanowire 23 is contacted by means of a contact element 18. Furthermore, the nanowire 20 is contacted by means of two contact elements 21 and 22. In this way, a planar field effect transistor is formed on the surface of the insulation layer 12. In this case, the contacts 21 and 22 form the source and drain contacts of the transistor.
- the nanowire 20 forms the channel of the transistor, wherein due to the geometry of the nanowire 20 in the channel, a one-dimensional electron gas is formed.
- the nanowire 23 forms the gate electrode, which is separated from the channel by the separation point 17.
- Such a field effect transistor may be used as a sensor in some embodiments when the electrical properties of the channel 20 are altered by molecules that are chemisorbed or physisorbed on the surface of the nanowire 20.
- linker molecules to the surface of the channel 20, selective detection of predeterminable molecules can be achieved. Compared with known sensors, the sensitivity and / or the spatial resolution can be increased in this way.
- the invention is not limited to the illustrated embodiments. Rather, the disclosed method for producing nanowires can produce a large number of different electromechanical and / or electronic components or sensors which contain at least one such nanowire.
- the components may of course contain further known per se structures.
- the following claims are therefore to be understood as meaning that a named feature is present in at least one embodiment of the invention. This does not exclude the presence of further features. If the claims define "first" and "second” features, then this term serves to distinguish two similar features without prioritizing them.
Abstract
Description
Claims
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KR20090006169A (en) * | 2006-04-04 | 2009-01-14 | 마이크론 테크놀로지, 인크. | Nanowire transistor with surrounding gate |
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