WO2010127240A1 - Outil d'isolement de puits de forage utilisant un élément d'étanchéification ayant un polymère à mémoire de forme - Google Patents

Outil d'isolement de puits de forage utilisant un élément d'étanchéification ayant un polymère à mémoire de forme Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010127240A1
WO2010127240A1 PCT/US2010/033161 US2010033161W WO2010127240A1 WO 2010127240 A1 WO2010127240 A1 WO 2010127240A1 US 2010033161 W US2010033161 W US 2010033161W WO 2010127240 A1 WO2010127240 A1 WO 2010127240A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
tool
state
mandrel
bladder
smp
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2010/033161
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Gary Ingram
Jacob Bramwell
Deborah L. Banta
Minh-Tuan Nguyen
Stone Fagley
Varadaraju Gandikota
Paul Wilson
Chris Johnson
Original Assignee
Weatherford/Lamb, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Weatherford/Lamb, Inc. filed Critical Weatherford/Lamb, Inc.
Priority to CA2759401A priority Critical patent/CA2759401C/fr
Priority to EP10770418.1A priority patent/EP2425093B1/fr
Publication of WO2010127240A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010127240A1/fr
Priority to US13/285,656 priority patent/US8763687B2/en
Priority to US14/295,906 priority patent/US9567821B2/en

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
    • E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
    • E21B33/12—Packers; Plugs
    • E21B33/1208—Packers; Plugs characterised by the construction of the sealing or packing means
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
    • E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
    • E21B33/12—Packers; Plugs
    • E21B33/127—Packers; Plugs with inflatable sleeve
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
    • E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
    • E21B33/12—Packers; Plugs
    • E21B33/127—Packers; Plugs with inflatable sleeve
    • E21B33/1277—Packers; Plugs with inflatable sleeve characterised by the construction or fixation of the sleeve

Definitions

  • the SMP portion of the inflatable element can be a bladder composed of the SMP material.
  • the SMP portion can be a stent disposed internally to a bladder, externally to a bladder, or incorporated into material of a bladder.
  • the stent can comprise longitudinal slats, interwoven slats, or a spring structure.
  • the tool can also include a local activator disposed on the mandrel for changing the SMP portion from the first state to the second state.
  • a deployment tool deploying downhole relative to the tool can include such an actuator.
  • the predetermined stimulus can include an application of light, magnetic field, heat, ultrasound, fluid, chemical stimulant, exothermic reaction, change in pH, radiation, or electricity to the activatable element.
  • Figs. 14A-14B shows a stack of cup packers, some of which are composed of an SMP material.
  • Figs. 16A-16D show portion of a packer having a packing element composed of an SMP material with three shapes.
  • Figs. 17A- 17B show a mandrel composed of a shape memory alloy and having a packing element composed of an SMP material disposed thereon.
  • Figs. 19A-19C illustrate a partial cross-section and a detailed view of a downhole tool having a stent composed of an SMP material disposed internally in an elastomer bladder of an inflatable packer element.
  • Fig. 31 shows a hydroforming programming process for an inflatable element of a tool.
  • Figs. 36A-36B show a flow control device for downhole use that has a shape memory polymer for actuation.
  • Figs. 37A-37C shows a seal array using seals composed of SMP material on a tool having a sliding sleeve or the like.
  • Figs. 38A-38B shows another seal array using seals composed of SMP material on a tool.
  • the anti-extrusion devices 40 can be used internal to or as an integral part of a sealing element 30 of the downhole tool. As shown in Figs. 7A through 12B, other anti-extrusion devices 50 can be used external to or as a separate device from the sealing element 30.
  • the anti-extrusion devices 40/50 are composed of an SMP material, and the sealing element 30 can be composed of a conventional elastomer, such as nitrile or other suitable material used for a packer.
  • the internal types of anti-extrusion devices 40 can be bonded, molded, extruded, or wrapped into the sealing element 30 using techniques available to those skilled in the art for combining two types of elastomers together.
  • Both of the devices 40/50 can also be used in conjunction with other devices such as garter springs, aramid materials, etc.
  • These external types of anti-extrusion devices 50 are composed of SMP and can also be used in conjunction with other devices, such as garter springs, Kevlar, etc.
  • the devices 40/50 have an initial run-in state and an anti-extrusion state.
  • the run-in state is the temporary, programmed shape of the SMP material of the device 40/50.
  • the anti-extrusion state is the permanent shape of the SMP material of the device 40/50.
  • the run-in state for the temporary shape involves a smaller, tighter, or more compact shape of the device 40/50 as it is maintained in a low profile on the downhole tool 10 along with the conventional packer element 30.
  • the permanent shape of the SMP material of the device 40/50 therefore, involves a larger, expanded, or less compact shape of the device as it increases toward the surrounding sidewall and prevents extrusion of the conventional packer element 30.
  • the SMP material of the device 40/50 is exposed to a stimulus to activate it from its temporary compact shape to its permanent expanded shape.
  • the stimulus can be applied before, during, or after the conventional packer element 30 has been set using standard procedures, and the timing of the stimulus in conjunction with the conventional setting procedures can be designed to enhance the seal and anti-extrusion for a given implementation.
  • the downhole tool may or may not be retrievable without milling because the permanent shape of the device 40/50 may prevent retrieval.
  • the SMP material of the device 40/50 has a permanent shape that is smaller, tighter, or more compact than its programmed shape.
  • the tool 10 can be deployed with the devices 40/50 in their programmed state, and the device 40/50 can mechanically expanded via external force during the procedures for setting the conventional packing element 30.
  • the properties of the SMP material and its position on the packing element 30 thereby provide anti- extrusion benefits.
  • the SMP material's glass temperature (Tg) is exceeded using a stimulus to cause the device 40/50 to transition from its programmed state to its permanent compact shape to facilitate retrieval.
  • the stimulus is applied before or while the conventional packer element 30 is set so that the SMP material returns to its compact shape while set to enhance anti-extrusion by boosting and increasing anti- extrusion properties.
  • the downhole tool may or may not be retrievable without milling because the permanent shape of the device 40/50 may prevent retrieval.
  • SMP anti-extrusion devices 40/50 can be used where the devices 40/50 can be programmed with different shapes for set, run, and/or release.
  • the various shapes both permanent and temporary can also be tailored to specific applications, such as shapes for large extrusion gaps, shapes for small extrusion gaps, shapes for high-pressure differentials, etc.
  • a first internal type of anti-extrusion device shown in Fig. 1 A has devices 4OA incorporated as garters into a sealing element 30.
  • the sealing element 30 is disposed on a mandrel 10 of a downhole tool, such as a packer or plug, and is set between movable gage rings 20A-B.
  • the sealing element 30 positions in the annulus between the mandrel 10 and a sidewall 12 of a borehole, tubular, or the like.
  • the two gage rings 20A-B are moved together and compress the sealing element 30, causing it to protrude outward to engage the surrounding sidewall 12.
  • the sealing element 30 has the anti-extrusion devices 4OA affixed to exterior edges of the element 30 in Fig. 1A.
  • These anti-extrusion devices 4OA are composed of an SMP material that has an initial shape for the run position as shown in Fig. 1 A.
  • the sealing element 30 can be set as shown in Fig. 1 B, and the anti- extrusion devices 4OA inhibit the tendency of the sealing element 30 to extrude into the surrounding gaps along the corners of the element 30.
  • the SMP material of the anti-extrusion devices 4OA returns automatically to its initial run-in shape for retrieval, assisting the sealing element 30 in returning to a run-in state as well.
  • the internal types of devices 40 can be incorporated into different parts of the sealing element 30.
  • Anti-extrusion devices 4OB in Figs. 2A-2B are affixed along the entire sides of the sealing element 30, and the devices 4OC in Figs. 3A-3C enclose both the sides and the corners of the sealing element 30.
  • the device 4OE in Figs. 5A-5B fully encloses the entire sealing element 30.
  • a first device 5OA in Figs. 7A-7B is disposed around the mandrel 10 adjacent the sealing element 30.
  • the device 5OA abuts one of the gage rings 2OB and has an intermediate gage ring 22 disposed between the device 5OA and the side of the sealing element 30.
  • the other side of the sealing element 30 can have a similarly arranged external device 50, even though only one is shown in the Figures.
  • the anti-extrusion device 5OB directly abuts against the side of the sealing element 30 without an intermediate gage ring.
  • the device 5OC in Figs. 9A-9C does the same but has an angled side adjacent the gage ring 2OB. This angled side produces a wedge effect that forces the device 5OC toward the surrounding wall.
  • the anti-extrusion devices 5OD, 5OE, and 5OF are incorporated into the gage ring 2OB.
  • the entire gage ring 2OB can be composed of an SMP material that can prevent extrusion by being activated to a permanent shape.
  • only a portion of the gage ring 2OB may be composed of an SMP material.
  • the devices 5OD (Fig. 10A), 5OE (Fig. 11A), and 5OF (Fig. 12A) can position in a recess or pocket 24 in the ring 2OB.
  • the device 5OD (Fig. 10A), 5OE (Fig. 11A), and 5OF can position in a recess or pocket 24 in the ring 2OB.
  • the device 5OD Fig.
  • a stimulus is introduced according to techniques discussed in more detail later. Various types of stimulus can be used to activate the SMP devices 40/50.
  • the stimulus induces some form of heating of the SMP devices 40/50 above the SMP material's glass transition temperature T 9 , causing the SMP material to transition so the device 40/50 changes shape from its temporary compact programmed state B to its larger initial processed state A.
  • the types of stimulus include, but are not limited to, light, magnetic fields, direct heat, ultrasound, immersion in a fluid (e.g., water), chemical stimulation creating exothermic reaction or change in PH, radiation, and electricity.
  • packing elements of a downhole tool are composed either entirely or partially of SMP material to facilitate deployment, energization, and/or retrieval of a downhole packing tool.
  • This first transition temperature is above the operational temperature of the packer 212 in the wellbore.
  • the copolymer is heated above a second transition temperature (greater than the first temperature), and the shape of the packer 212C shifts to a retracted state (Fig. 15C) for subsequent removal from the wellbore.
  • This retracted state can allow the packer 212C to pass through reduced diameters while being removed from the wellbore.
  • Figs. 16A-16C shows portion of a packer or other tool 230 having a packing sleeve 250 composed of SMP material with two shapes.
  • the packer 230 has a mandrel 232, shoulders 234/236, and slips 238.
  • the packing sleeve 250 has an initial shape in state A (Fig. 16A) in which the sleeve 250 is held against the mandrel 232 for running the packer downhole.
  • Tg transition temperature
  • the packer 230 is activated to move the shoulders 234/236 towards one another so as to compress the sleeve 250 and to engage the slips 238, thereby packing off the annulus of the tubular 202.
  • the compressed packing sleeve 250 seals off the annulus between the packer 230 and the tubing 202.
  • This two shape SMP packer system described above is representative of a permanent packer application, or at a later time when removal or retrieval is necessary, the packer 230 is disengaged so that the sleeve 250 is uncompressed.
  • the packer 230 may be removable from the tubular 202, or the packer 230 may need to be milled.
  • the packer or other tool 230 in Figs. 16A-16D can have a packing sleeve 250 composed of SMP material with three shapes.
  • the packing sleeve 250 has an initial shape in state A (Fig. 16A) in which the sleeve 250 is held against the mandrel 232 for running the packer downhole.
  • the SMP material is heated beyond a first transition temperature Tg 1 so that the shape of the packing sleeve 250 expands from the run-in state A (Fig. 16A) to a sealing state B (Fig. 16B) in contact or almost in contact with the surrounding tubular 202.
  • This first transition is done without compression from the packer 230 itself and essentially presets the packing sleeve 250.
  • the packer 230 is activated to move the shoulders 234/236 towards one another so as to compress the sleeve 250 and to engage the slips 238, thereby packing off the annulus of the tubular 202.
  • the compressed packing sleeve 250 seals off the annulus between the packer 230 and the tubing 202.
  • the packer 230 is disengaged so that the sleeve 250 is uncompressed.
  • simply disengaging the compression of the shoulders 234/236 against the packing sleeve 250 may not sufficiently release the sleeve 250 from the tubing 202.
  • the SMP material is heated above a second transition temperature Tg2 (typically higher than the first temperature Tgi), and the shape of the packing sleeve 250 shifts to a third, retracted state C (Fig. 16D) for subsequent removal from the wellbore.
  • the packing sleeve 250 can be composed of a combination of SMP material and conventional packer material and can also include anti-extrusion devices as disclosed herein.
  • SMP material for the packer systems discussed above can reduce the setting force required to compress/expand the packing sleeve 250 and can reduce the stroke needed to perform that compression/expansion.
  • a traditional packer system requires a compressive load to be applied to the packing sleeve using a mechanical or hydraulic mechanism to forcibly reshape the sleeve's elastomer from an unstressed run-in shape to a highly stressed packed-off shape.
  • the SMP material performs at least some of this work in reshaping.
  • the SMP material of the packing sleeve 250 can be compressed in a packed-off state with less stress induced in the material, less setting force applied, and less stroke for a mechanical or hydraulic actuator to move against the sleeve 250.
  • Figs. 17A-17B show a tubular 280 of a Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) with a packing element 290 of Shape Memory Polymer (SMP) disposed thereon.
  • SMA Shape Memory Alloys
  • NiTi Nitinol
  • Tc transition temperature
  • the alloy changes from a martensite crystal structure to austenite and can experience a return to the pre-stressed state A. This allows the SMA material to perform work that can be used in a packer or other tool 230 to provide a compressive force to engage the packing element 290 against the wellbore 202.
  • the SMA tubular 280 can be part of the mandrel of the packer 230 (as shown on the left side of Fig. 17A).
  • the SMA tubular 280 can be a separate tubular component disposed about an existing mandrel 232 (as shown on the right side of Fig. 17A).
  • the SMA tubular 280 can be placed in tension and rolled to a smaller diameter with increased axial length. While deployed downhole, returning the tubular 280 to its initial pre-stressed diameter and length can thereby produce a stroke length "L" and a circumferential growth "C" to help in packing off the packing element 290.
  • the packing element 290 composed of a Shape Memory Polymer (SMP) can expand to a permanent expanded shape due to a temperature transition to complete the pack-off.
  • SMP Shape Memory Polymer
  • the SMA tubular 280 can be part of the mandrel of the packer 230 and can have loose fitting threads 282 coupled to an adjoining tubular 233.
  • the loose fitting threads 282 can fully engage the adjoining tubular 233 as the SMA tubular 280 changes shape to its initial pre-stressed shape.
  • the loose fitting threads 282 can fully engage the adjoining tubular 233 as the SMA tubular 280 changes shape to its initial pre-stressed shape.
  • the SMA tubular 280 can be a separate component disposed on the existing housing 232 of the packer 230.
  • the SMA tubular 280 can be held by interjoined members 284/286, such as tongue and groove, with one member 284 affixed to the SMA tubular 280 and the other member 286 affixed to the packer mandrel 232.
  • interjoined members 284/286 hold the tubular 280 on the mandrel 232 while accounting for the change in length L and circumference C.
  • the temperature of the packer 230 is controlled until the depth and operational location is reached. This can be achieved in several ways using coiled tubing (CT) or wireline. If deployed via CT, for example, colder fluids are run through the tool string and around the packer 230 to maintain a temperature lower than the transition temperature of the SMA tubular 280 and/or SMP element 290. Once at setting depth, the fluid flow is halted, and the packer 230 is allowed to heat to the local temperature of the wellbore. If this temperature is above the transition temperature of the SMA tubular 280, it will change to its expanded set state (Fig. 17B). Additional heat applied via the various techniques disclosed herein can then raise the temperature to the transition temperature of the SMP element 290 so it can then change from the initial run-in state (Fig. 17A) to the packed off state (Fig. 17B).
  • CT coiled tubing
  • wireline wireline
  • a stimulus is introduced to induce some form of heating of the SMP material above its glass transition temperature to cause the anti- extrusion device or packing element to change its shape from a current set state to a programmed state.
  • the types of stimulus include, but are not limited to, light, magnetic fields, direct heat, ultrasound, immersion in water, chemical stimulation creating exothermic reaction or change in PH, radiation, and electricity.
  • stimulating agents can be supplied to the borehole to encounter the components of SMP material (e.g., anti-extrusion devices, cup packers, packer sleeves, and other elements disclosed herein).
  • SMP material e.g., anti-extrusion devices, cup packers, packer sleeves, and other elements disclosed herein.
  • some SMP materials activate in response to immersion in water.
  • operators can use existing water or fluid in the borehole or pumped water or fluid into the annulus to activate the SMP packing element.
  • the exposure required to activate the SMP packing elements may be expected to continue for several days, for example.
  • An exothermic reaction or a change in PH can also be used to activate the SMP packing element.
  • operators can introduce different fluids or chemicals in the borehole to induce an exothermic reaction or a PH change downhole that activates the SMP material.
  • the particular chemicals or agents needed to accomplish the desired reaction or change depends on the type of SMP material used, its glass transition temperature, its chemical resistivity properties, and the chemical sensitivity of other downhole components, among other considerations familiar to those skilled in the art. 2.
  • FIGs. 18A-18C shows techniques in which a stimulus can be applied directly to the SMP packing element.
  • the downhole tool is a packer or other tool 230 having a mandrel 232, shoulders 234/236, and packing element 250 composed of SMP material; however, the techniques can be used with other arrangements disclosed herein.
  • the components to apply the stimulus are mounted locally on the packer 230.
  • the components include a power source 260 mounted on or incorporated into the packer's housing or mandrel 232.
  • the components also include a stimulus source 262 coupled to the power source 260 and associated with the packing element 250.
  • the power source 260 can be activated by a connection to a running tool 204, an RFID device, a wireline connection, a separate wire lead, a telemetry signal, or other downhole communication technique. Once activated, the power source 260 supplies power to the stimulus source 262 to generate the stimulus to activate the SMP material of the packing element 250.
  • the power source 260 can include a battery source having stored power or can be a generator powered by fluid flow or the like.
  • the stimulus source 262 can be a heating coil or electromagnet.
  • As a heating coil the stimulus source 262 can connect by leads to the power source 260 and can be embedded in or adjacent to the packing element 250. When current flows through the coil source 262, the generated heat can make the packing element 250 reach its transition temperature to change from its programmed state to its permanent state.
  • As an electromagnet the stimulus source 262 can connect by leads to the power source 260 and can be embedded in or adjacent to the packing element 250, which can have metallic or magnetic particles or carbon nano tubes dispersed therein. As current from the power source 260 energizes the electromagnetic source 262, the electromagnetic field acting on the dispersed particles or nano tubes can generate heat in the element 250 to activate it.
  • a tool source 270 is incorporated into the running/retrieval tool 204, which can convey power and/or activation signals to stimulate activation of the SMP material.
  • the tool source 270 extends through the bore of the packer or other tool 230 and fits adjacent the packing element 250 disposed on the packer's mandrel 232.
  • the tool source 270 can generate the stimulus necessary as controlled via the running/retrieval tool 204.
  • the tool source 270 can be an electromagnetic source that generates a magnetic field sufficient to impact the packing element 250 on the outside of the mandrel 232.
  • the packing element 250 itself can have metallic or magnetic particles or nano tubes dispersed therein that generate heat in the packing element 250 when subjected to the electromagnetic field.
  • the tool source 270 is again shown disposed in the bore of the packer's mandrel 232.
  • leads or contacts 274 connect the tool source 270 to the packing element 250, which can have a heating coil 252 embedded therein.
  • These leads or contacts 274 can pass electrical signals through the mandrel 232 if composed of appropriate metal.
  • embedded metal leads or contacts disposed in the mandrel 232 can be provided to make contact with the source's leads 274. Power from the tool source 270 can be conducted through the leads 274 to the coil 252 in the packing element 250 to heat it to the transition temperature.
  • the stimulus source can release chemical agents, generate light, produce a magnetic field, generate ultrasonic signals, generate heat, supply electricity, or perform some other stimulating action disclosed herein to activate the SMP material of the packing element 250.
  • heat can be generated by providing electricity to a heating element or coil attached to the running tool or internal to the packer mandrel.
  • a heating element or coil can also be placed internally in the packing element itself, or it can be a separate integrated component on the packer chassis. Wire leads can supply the current to the heating element.
  • Heat can also be generated within the SMP material by dispersing conductive material within the SMP material or using a filler material with a high resistance.
  • shape change of the SMP material of the packing elements can be induced by a magnetic field.
  • Iron oxide, nickel zinc ferrite, or some other ferromagnetic particle compound can be dispersed within the SMP material. Applying an electromagnetic field to the compounds can thereby induce heat within the SMP material to create shape change.
  • the temperature created by the EM field acting on the ferromagnetic compound could be controlled by Curie- Thermoregulation.
  • the Curie Point of a ferromagnetic material is the temperature above which it loses its characteristic ferromagnetic ability (768°C or 1414 0 F for iron). Therefore, variation in particle size or volumetric dispersion can both limit and control the peak temperature of the material once the EM field is applied.
  • the deployment tool 204 for the packer 230 can include an electromagnetic coil source 270.
  • this source 270 is located within the bore of the packer 230 in close proximity to the packing element 250.
  • non-ferrous metals can be used for the mechanical tool components to reduce the overall EM heating affect.
  • the EM field can be induced in the source 270 by power supplied to the deployment tool 203 via wireline operations or even by hydro-electrical means using coiled tubing.
  • electricity can be directly applied to a heating element via a power source located on the packer 230 or conveyed via wireline or the like.
  • Wire leads on or through the packer's mandrel 232 as in Fig. 18C or a circuit created using the metal components of the packer 230 itself can interconnect the power source to the stimulus source, such as a heating element, dispersed particles, light source, etc. associated with the packer element.
  • the stimulus source (e.g., 262 in Fig. 18A) can be a light source to generate light adjacent the SMP material to activate it. The generated light can thereby induce heat in the SMP material of the packer element 250 to activate it.
  • the light source can be powered locally by a power pack or other energy source, or the light may come from a fiber optic umbilical run downhole. Fiber optics can even be embedded in the packing element 250 itself.
  • LASMP Light activated shape memory polymers
  • LASMPs use photo-crosslinking at one wavelength of light.
  • light at a second wavelength reversibly cleaves the photo-crosslinked bonds so that the material switches from an elastomer to a rigid polymer.
  • Localized thermal chemical reactions can generate heat to activate the SMP material of a packing element.
  • a change in PH can activate the SMP material, such as circulating fluid with a desired PH level downhole or changing PH locally in the borehole by dropping a pill, releasing an alkaline substance, or other material in the borehole near the packer element 250.
  • These changes can be created by mixing two separate chemicals at a controlled time. For example, operators can pump a chemical downhole that reacts with another chemical on/in the SMP material of the packing element or that is already present in the wellbore.
  • the chemicals can be stored in separate chambers on the packer 230 and mixed in response to an electrical or mechanical actuation such as a burst disk, poppet valve, or the like.
  • One readily available way to provide heat and activate the SMP material of a packing element can be achieved using the geothermal heat already provided within the wellbore at the operational location. If the wellbore temperature at the setting location is less than the SMP material's transitional temperature, additional heat can be added via one of the techniques described herein. If deployed via coiled tubing, additional heated fluid can be injected to setting location of the packer to actuate the SMP material of the packing element.
  • the generated ultrasound can produce a hysteresis effect in the SMP material of the packing element and generate heat internally therein.
  • Attaching a radiation source such as Uranium to a setting or retrieval tool can also be used to activate the SMP material of a packing element.
  • SMP Shape Memory Polymer
  • the SMP material can be used as a tubular stent to expand the bladder/rib bundle or as the inflatable bladder (inner tube) of the inflatable element.
  • the SMP material can be formed in various permanent and temporary shapes and can be stimulated using light, magnetic field, thermo chemical, heat, radiation, and other technique disclosed herein.
  • Figs. 19A-19B illustrate a partial cross-section and a detailed view of a downhole tool 100 having a stent 140 incorporated into an inflatable element 130.
  • the downhole tool 100 deploys in a casing or tubular 106 using coiled tubing or tubing string 102 and has portion of a deployment tool or bottom hole sub-assembly 110 connected thereto.
  • the downhole tool 100 also has an isolation tool 120, which can be an inflatable packer or plug.
  • the isolation tool 120 has an upper sub- assembly 122, a mandrel 124, and a lower sliding sub 126.
  • the upper sub- assembly 122 connects to the bottom hole sub-assembly 1 10, which in turn suspends from the coil tubing or tubing string 102.
  • the upper sub-assembly 122 houses an inflation mechanism 125 having valves, sleeves, and the like used to open and close the flow of fluid from the coil tubing or tubing string 102 into the chamber 131 of the inflatable element to inflate it to the surrounding sidewalk
  • inflation mechanism 125 having valves, sleeves, and the like used to open and close the flow of fluid from the coil tubing or tubing string 102 into the chamber 131 of the inflatable element to inflate it to the surrounding sidewalk
  • the components of such a mechanism 125 are well known in the art and are not discussed in detail here.
  • the sub-assembly or deployment tool 1 10 has an SMP activation device or activator 1 12 that provides or initiates the stimulus needed to transition the SMP components of the tool 100. Further details of the activator 1 12 are discussed below.
  • the sub-assembly 1 10 also has an inflator 1 13 that inflates the inflatable element 130 of the tool 100. The components of such an inflator 1 13 are well known in the art and are not discussed in detail here.
  • the inflator 1 13 has mechanisms that fill the chamber of the inflatable element 130 with fluid (e.g., water, drilling fluid, cement, etc.) to inflate the inflatable element 130 to the inflated state and engage the surrounding sidewalk
  • fluid e.g., water, drilling fluid, cement, etc.
  • either one or both of the activator 112 and inflator 1 13 can be incorporated into the isolation tool 120 or can be part of some other tool.
  • a conveyance member 127 connects from the activation device 125 and disposes along the length of the mandrel 124.
  • the isolation element 130 is disposed about the mandrel 124 adjacent the conveyance member 127.
  • the isolation element 130 includes a stent 140, a bladder 132, a reinforcing rib bundle 134, and an external rubber cover 136.
  • the stent 140 is composed of SMP material and is disposed internal to the rubber bladder 132.
  • the stent 140 may not be used, the bladder 132 may be composed of SMP material, the rib bundle 134 may be composed of SMP material, or any combination thereof.
  • the SMP stent 140 When formed, the SMP stent 140 has an initial shape that is a fully expanded tubular. Once formed, the stent 140 is programmed into a smaller tube with its excess material folded around its circumference. The stent 140 in this programmed tubular shape is then installed inside the rubber bladder 132 of the inflatable element 130 and is covered by the rib bundle 134 and cover 136. When the inflatable element 130 is ready to be inflated, the bladder 132 is expanded with fluid using conventional inflation techniques for inflatable packers and the like. Concurrent or subsequent to the inflation, the SMP stent 140 is stimulated to return to its original expanded tubular form to reinforce the bladder 132 internally as shown in Fig. 19C.
  • Figs. 20A-20B shows an alternative arrangement in which the stent 140 of SMP material is disposed externally outside the rubber bladder 132 of the inflatable element 130.
  • the stent 140 positions between the rubber bladder 132 and the rib bundle 134 of the element 130.
  • the stent 140 is stimulated first to push the rib bundle 134 to the inflated position.
  • the bladder 132 is then inflated inside the expanded stent 140 and rib bundle 134. This allows the bladder 132 to expand more uniformly without the constraint of the rib bundle 134 and rubber covers 136.
  • This arrangement also shows the tool 100 deployed using a wireline 104 as another alternative.
  • the inflatable element 130 can use a bladder 150 composed of SMP material.
  • the inflatable element 130 includes a bladder 150, a rib bundle 134, and cover 136.
  • the bladder 150 is composed of SMP material.
  • the bladder 150 has two different program shapes and only one original shape.
  • the bladder's original shape is a pill-like cylinder or any other shape that best resembles the inflated shape for a bladder.
  • the bladder 150 is programmed to fit inside the inflatable element 130 by having excess material fold and compress around its circumference, along its length, or both to form a run-in shape that is cylindrical.
  • the SMP material When the inflatable element 130 is ready to be inflated downhole, the SMP material is stimulated to expand to its original cylindrical pill shape (or any other ideal shape of the inflated bladder) while contained between where the rib bundle 134 and rubber cover(s) 136 want it, or the SMP material will take shape to the inflated position. Additional pressure from injection fluid easily expands the bladder to its original pill shape, creating a positive pack-off force with the element 130 against the surrounding casing or tubing 106.
  • the rib bundle 134 of the inflatable element 130 can also be composed of an SMP material.
  • the rib bundle 134 is typically a structure of overfolded strips running longitudinally along the inflatable element 130. As the element 130 inflates, these strips unfold from one another and expand outward with the bladder 150 to provide reinforcement.
  • the rib bundle 134 can be composed of several such strips of SMP material with a programmed shape to best fit inside the casing or tubing 106.
  • each rib of the bundle 134 can define squared edges so that a majority of the central portion defines a cylinder for contacting the surrounding sidewall 106.
  • the bladder 150 composed of SMP material can also replace the rib bundle 134 entirely, especially if there is adequate strength in the bladder 150 alone to reinforce its shape and structure.
  • Figs. 22A-22B a temporary, programmed shape of an SMP inflation element 160A composed of SMP material is shown.
  • This inflation element 160A can be a stent, a bladder, a rib bundle, or other component of an inflatable packing element as discussed previously.
  • the inflation element 160A is used for the run-in position of the tool, and has excess circumference folded axially along the length of the element 160A to form the programmed shape.
  • the element 160A When activated, the element 160A reverts to its permanent shape shown in Fig. 22C in which it has an expanded cylindrical shape.
  • a temporary, programmed shape of an SMP inflation element 160B (i.e., stent, bladder, or rib bundle) is shown for the run-in position.
  • the SMP inflation element 160B has excess circumference folded axially along the length of the element, but the element's ends are kept cylindrical.
  • the permanent shape of the element 16OB for the set position has an expanded cylindrical center portion with the ends maintaining a smaller cylindrical shape (or other ideal inflated bladder shape) for fitting to sub-assemblies of a downhole tool as described previously.
  • a programmed, temporary shape of an SMP inflation element 160C (i.e., stent, bladder, or rib bundle) is shown for the run-in state.
  • the SMP inflation element 160C has excess circumference folded longitudinally along the length of the element 160C and has a central portion that bulges slightly.
  • this element 160C may have a permanent shape for the set state similar to that shown in Fig. 23C, although the transition to the ends may be more gradual.
  • a programmed, temporary shape of an SMP inflation element 160D (i.e., stent, bladder, or rib bundle) is shown for the run-in position.
  • This SMP inflation element 160D has excess circumference folded radially along the length of the element 160D, but the element's ends remain unfolded.
  • the permanent shape of the element 160D for the set position is similar to that shown in Fig. 23C.
  • SMP inflation elements i.e., stents, bladders, or rib bundles
  • SMP inflation elements can use these and other forms of folding and bulging depending on the implementation.
  • the permanent or programmed shapes described above can be used individually or in combination with one another to suit a given implementation.
  • additional deformation can be performed to these elements 160 to program their temporary shape to better fit the tool on which it is to be used.
  • each of the above elements 160 of SMP material can be used as an individual component or combined as a composite with the rubber elements, such as the bladder or cover, of the isolation packer on the tool. 6.
  • the various stents used in the inflatable packer tool can have additional shapes and can be used internal to the bladder, external to the bladder, or embedded in the bladder material.
  • a stent 170A is disposed internally to a bladder 180 and has a run-in shape that is cylindrical.
  • the stent 170A When activated to the set position as shown in Figs. 26B-C, the stent 170A has a permanent shape that is centrally expanded, thereby pre-expanding the surrounding bladder 180 and reducing the potential for undesirable Z-folding.
  • This stent 170A could also be configured external to the bladder 180.
  • the elongated sleeve 430B can then be actuated by heat or other stimulus such as described herein. As a result, the elongated sleeve 430B retracts to its initial compact shape. This retraction pulls the sealing sleeve 425 along the inner mandrel 410 to open flow through the mandrel's ports 412.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Containers And Plastic Fillers For Packaging (AREA)
  • Heating, Cooling, Or Curing Plastics Or The Like In General (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)

Abstract

Des dispositifs anti-extrusion, des éléments de garniture et des garnitures gonflables comprennent des matériaux polymères à mémoire de forme (SMP) pour améliorer le fonctionnement d'une garniture, d'un bouchon de support ou d'un autre outil d'isolement de fond de trou. Des systèmes d'étanchéité utilisent des joints d'étanchéité de divers matériaux comprenant des matériaux SMP en tant que renforçateur pour le joint d'étanchéité produit. Un outil pour des applications de coupure d'écoulement et de manchon coulissant utilise des matériaux SMP pour ouvrir ou fermer un écoulement à travers un outil.
PCT/US2010/033161 2009-05-01 2010-04-30 Outil d'isolement de puits de forage utilisant un élément d'étanchéification ayant un polymère à mémoire de forme WO2010127240A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

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CA2759401A CA2759401C (fr) 2009-05-01 2010-04-30 Outil d'isolement de puits de forage utilisant un element d'etancheification ayant un polymere a memoire de forme
EP10770418.1A EP2425093B1 (fr) 2009-05-01 2010-04-30 Outil d'isolement de puits de forage utilisant un élément d'étanchéification ayant un polymère à mémoire de forme
US13/285,656 US8763687B2 (en) 2009-05-01 2011-10-31 Wellbore isolation tool using sealing element having shape memory polymer
US14/295,906 US9567821B2 (en) 2009-05-01 2014-06-04 Wellbore isolation tool using sealing element having shape memory polymer

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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US17490409P 2009-05-01 2009-05-01
US61/174,904 2009-05-01

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CN102425391A (zh) * 2011-11-11 2012-04-25 中国石油集团长城钻探工程有限公司 一种基于记忆合金的分支井窗口密封方法
WO2012094488A2 (fr) * 2011-01-06 2012-07-12 Baker Hughes Incorporated Garniture d'étanchéité constituée d'un matériau à mémoire de forme et destinée à un usage souterrain
US20120305253A1 (en) * 2011-06-03 2012-12-06 O'malley Edward J Sealing devices for sealing inner wall surfaces of a wellbore and methods of installing same in a wellbore
CN103781990A (zh) * 2011-09-06 2014-05-07 贝克休斯公司 利用地下工具中被感应加热的嵌入颗粒的膨胀加速
US20140138088A1 (en) * 2012-11-16 2014-05-22 Baker Hughes Incorporated Shape Memory Cup Seal and Method of Use
WO2014204600A1 (fr) * 2013-06-17 2014-12-24 Baker Hughes Incorporated Dispositifs à mémoire de forme et leur procédé d'utilisation dans des puits de forage
WO2014210283A1 (fr) * 2013-06-28 2014-12-31 Schlumberger Canada Limited Structures cellulaires intelligentes pour garniture d'étanchéité composite et joints d'étanchéité de bouchon de support exempts de fraisage présentant un meilleur taux de pression
CN104405328A (zh) * 2014-10-22 2015-03-11 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 一种井下封隔装置
WO2015069242A1 (fr) * 2013-11-06 2015-05-14 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Joint gonflable doté d'une sécurité
WO2015143279A3 (fr) * 2014-03-20 2015-11-12 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Procédé et appareil permettant de sceller une zone de formation indésirable dans la paroi d'un puits de forage
GB2491513B (en) * 2010-03-26 2018-01-03 Baker Hughes Inc Variable Tg shape memory polyurethane for wellbore devices
WO2018089148A1 (fr) * 2016-11-11 2018-05-17 Baker Hughes, A Ge Company, Llc Appareil d'étanchéité de fond de trou
EP3426876A4 (fr) * 2016-03-07 2019-10-16 Baker Hughes, a GE company, LLC Structures de fond de trou déformables comprenant des matériaux en nanotubes de carbone et procédés de formation et d'utilisation de telles structures
US10570330B2 (en) 2016-12-19 2020-02-25 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Use of shape memory materials in wellbore servicing fluids
WO2020197560A1 (fr) * 2019-03-28 2020-10-01 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Formation de treillis de matériaux thermoplastiques afin de modéliser un comportement élastique
CN111801484A (zh) * 2018-03-30 2020-10-20 株式会社吴羽 具备保护构件的井下堵塞器
US10844700B2 (en) 2018-07-02 2020-11-24 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Removing water downhole in dry gas wells
US11555571B2 (en) 2020-02-12 2023-01-17 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Automated flowline leak sealing system and method
US20240125197A1 (en) * 2022-10-12 2024-04-18 Baker Hughes Oilfield Operations Llc Borehole sealing with temperature control, method, and system
US12123276B2 (en) * 2022-10-12 2024-10-22 Baker Hughes Oilfield Operations Llc Borehole sealing with temperature control, method, and system

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GB2491513B (en) * 2010-03-26 2018-01-03 Baker Hughes Inc Variable Tg shape memory polyurethane for wellbore devices
CN103299026B (zh) * 2011-01-06 2016-08-10 贝克休斯公司 地下使用的形状记忆材料封隔器
WO2012094488A2 (fr) * 2011-01-06 2012-07-12 Baker Hughes Incorporated Garniture d'étanchéité constituée d'un matériau à mémoire de forme et destinée à un usage souterrain
WO2012094488A3 (fr) * 2011-01-06 2012-10-26 Baker Hughes Incorporated Garniture d'étanchéité constituée d'un matériau à mémoire de forme et destinée à un usage souterrain
NO20130912A1 (no) * 2011-01-06 2013-07-02 Baker Hughes Inc Fremgangsmåte for å produsere og bruke en tetning for en underjordisk plassering med en borehullsdimensjon
CN103299026A (zh) * 2011-01-06 2013-09-11 贝克休斯公司 地下使用的形状记忆材料封隔器
GB2501410A (en) * 2011-01-06 2013-10-23 Baker Hughes Inc Shape memory material packer for subterranean use
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CN103781990A (zh) * 2011-09-06 2014-05-07 贝克休斯公司 利用地下工具中被感应加热的嵌入颗粒的膨胀加速
EP2753791A4 (fr) * 2011-09-06 2015-08-26 Baker Hughes Inc Accélération du gonflement au moyen de particules chauffées par induction et incorporées qui sont incluses dans un outil souterrain
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CN102425391A (zh) * 2011-11-11 2012-04-25 中国石油集团长城钻探工程有限公司 一种基于记忆合金的分支井窗口密封方法
US9163474B2 (en) * 2012-11-16 2015-10-20 Baker Hughes Incorporated Shape memory cup seal and method of use
US20140138088A1 (en) * 2012-11-16 2014-05-22 Baker Hughes Incorporated Shape Memory Cup Seal and Method of Use
WO2014204600A1 (fr) * 2013-06-17 2014-12-24 Baker Hughes Incorporated Dispositifs à mémoire de forme et leur procédé d'utilisation dans des puits de forage
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WO2014210283A1 (fr) * 2013-06-28 2014-12-31 Schlumberger Canada Limited Structures cellulaires intelligentes pour garniture d'étanchéité composite et joints d'étanchéité de bouchon de support exempts de fraisage présentant un meilleur taux de pression
US10502017B2 (en) 2013-06-28 2019-12-10 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Smart cellular structures for composite packer and mill-free bridgeplug seals having enhanced pressure rating
WO2015069242A1 (fr) * 2013-11-06 2015-05-14 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Joint gonflable doté d'une sécurité
WO2015143279A3 (fr) * 2014-03-20 2015-11-12 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Procédé et appareil permettant de sceller une zone de formation indésirable dans la paroi d'un puits de forage
US10030467B2 (en) 2014-03-20 2018-07-24 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Method and apparatus for sealing an undesirable formation zone in the wall of a wellbore
US10087708B2 (en) 2014-03-20 2018-10-02 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Sealing an undesirable formation zone in the wall of a wellbore
US10280705B2 (en) 2014-03-20 2019-05-07 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Sealing an undesirable formation zone in the wall of a wellbore
US10458199B2 (en) 2014-03-20 2019-10-29 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Sealing an undesirable formation zone in the wall of a wellbore
US10494894B2 (en) 2014-03-20 2019-12-03 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Sealing an undesirable formation zone in the wall of a wellbore
CN104405328A (zh) * 2014-10-22 2015-03-11 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 一种井下封隔装置
EP3426876A4 (fr) * 2016-03-07 2019-10-16 Baker Hughes, a GE company, LLC Structures de fond de trou déformables comprenant des matériaux en nanotubes de carbone et procédés de formation et d'utilisation de telles structures
WO2018089148A1 (fr) * 2016-11-11 2018-05-17 Baker Hughes, A Ge Company, Llc Appareil d'étanchéité de fond de trou
GB2573667B (en) * 2016-11-11 2021-08-04 Baker Hughes A Ge Co Llc Downhole sealing apparatus
GB2573667A (en) * 2016-11-11 2019-11-13 Baker Hughes A Ge Co Llc Downhole sealing apparatus
US10570330B2 (en) 2016-12-19 2020-02-25 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Use of shape memory materials in wellbore servicing fluids
CN111801484B (zh) * 2018-03-30 2023-09-19 株式会社吴羽 具备保护构件的井下堵塞器
CN111801484A (zh) * 2018-03-30 2020-10-20 株式会社吴羽 具备保护构件的井下堵塞器
US10844700B2 (en) 2018-07-02 2020-11-24 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Removing water downhole in dry gas wells
GB2594842A (en) * 2019-03-28 2021-11-10 Halliburton Energy Services Inc Lattice formation of thermoplastic materials to model elastic behavior
GB2594842B (en) * 2019-03-28 2023-02-01 Halliburton Energy Services Inc Lattice formation of thermoplastic materials to model elastic behavior
WO2020197560A1 (fr) * 2019-03-28 2020-10-01 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Formation de treillis de matériaux thermoplastiques afin de modéliser un comportement élastique
US12055008B2 (en) 2019-03-28 2024-08-06 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Lattice formation of thermoplastic materials to model elastic behavior
US11555571B2 (en) 2020-02-12 2023-01-17 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Automated flowline leak sealing system and method
US20240125197A1 (en) * 2022-10-12 2024-04-18 Baker Hughes Oilfield Operations Llc Borehole sealing with temperature control, method, and system
US12123276B2 (en) * 2022-10-12 2024-10-22 Baker Hughes Oilfield Operations Llc Borehole sealing with temperature control, method, and system

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CA2882455A1 (fr) 2010-11-04
CA2882455C (fr) 2017-05-30
CA2759401C (fr) 2014-12-16
EP2425093A4 (fr) 2014-06-04
CA2759401A1 (fr) 2010-11-04
EP2425093B1 (fr) 2018-09-12
CA2856678A1 (fr) 2010-11-04
CA2856678C (fr) 2015-07-21
EP2425093A1 (fr) 2012-03-07

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