WO2010118780A1 - Procédé et appareil d'optimisation de distorsion de débit - Google Patents
Procédé et appareil d'optimisation de distorsion de débit Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010118780A1 WO2010118780A1 PCT/EP2009/054596 EP2009054596W WO2010118780A1 WO 2010118780 A1 WO2010118780 A1 WO 2010118780A1 EP 2009054596 W EP2009054596 W EP 2009054596W WO 2010118780 A1 WO2010118780 A1 WO 2010118780A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/189—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the adaptation method, adaptation tool or adaptation type used for the adaptive coding
- H04N19/192—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the adaptation method, adaptation tool or adaptation type used for the adaptive coding the adaptation method, adaptation tool or adaptation type being iterative or recursive
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/102—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
- H04N19/103—Selection of coding mode or of prediction mode
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/102—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
- H04N19/124—Quantisation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/102—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
- H04N19/13—Adaptive entropy coding, e.g. adaptive variable length coding [AVLC] or context adaptive binary arithmetic coding [CABAC]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/134—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or criterion affecting or controlling the adaptive coding
- H04N19/146—Data rate or code amount at the encoder output
- H04N19/147—Data rate or code amount at the encoder output according to rate distortion criteria
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/169—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding
- H04N19/17—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being an image region, e.g. an object
- H04N19/176—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being an image region, e.g. an object the region being a block, e.g. a macroblock
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/189—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the adaptation method, adaptation tool or adaptation type used for the adaptive coding
- H04N19/19—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the adaptation method, adaptation tool or adaptation type used for the adaptive coding using optimisation based on Lagrange multipliers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/42—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals characterised by implementation details or hardware specially adapted for video compression or decompression, e.g. dedicated software implementation
- H04N19/436—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals characterised by implementation details or hardware specially adapted for video compression or decompression, e.g. dedicated software implementation using parallelised computational arrangements
Definitions
- the invention is related to video coding in general, and in particular to a method and apparatus for deciding a macroblock video mode during video coding.
- macroblock (MB) encoding mode decisions are carried out by comparing the level of distortion of each macroblock mode (e.g. intra coding versus predicted coding) and choosing the mode with the lowest distortion.
- level of distortion of each macroblock mode e.g. intra coding versus predicted coding
- choosing the mode with the lowest distortion could require a disproportional number of bits, thus reducing the number of bits available to allocate to coding other macroblocks.
- choosing a macroblock encoding mode which used the lowest number of bits would generate excessive artefacts. Therefore, a compromise between distortion and bit rate would provide a better picture quality.
- Rate-distortion optimisation is a process in which video quality (the distortion of a macroblock) is compared against the bit rate required to encode the video signal (which controls the number of bits used to encode a macroblock).
- RDO is implemented by using the 'lowest MSE method' which calculates a metric that combines distortion with bit cost to determine the best macroblock encoding mode to use. This is done by multiplying the macroblock bit cost by a constant and adding it to the macroblock distortion as shown in equation (1 ) below:
- MSE is the Mean Square Error of a particular macroblock mode (see equation (2) below); ⁇ is the Lagrangian multiplier; and bit cost is the number of bits required to code this macroblock mode.
- MSE is defined as shown in equation (2):
- DIST x y refers to the video coded pixels of a particular macroblock mode.
- the macroblock mode with the lowest metric J is chosen.
- equation (1 ) does not always produce an optimum macroblock coding mode decision in compression encoders.
- the Lagrangian multiplier varies considerably in different macroblock modes.
- a method of Rate Distortion Optimisation in digital video coding comprising determining a mean square error and bit cost for a plurality of Quantization Parameter (QP) points for each macroblock coding mode option under consideration, and selecting a best macroblock coding mode option dependent upon an interpolation of the plurality of QP points for each macroblock coding mode option under consideration.
- QP Quantization Parameter
- the interpolation of the plurality of QP points for each macroblock coding mode option under consideration comprises piecewise linear approximation of the plurality of QP points for each macroblock coding mode option under consideration.
- the piecewise linear approximation of the plurality of QP points for each macroblock coding mode option under consideration comprises iteratively carrying out processing of a plurality of candidates to derive a final best macroblock coding option, starting from a seed current best macroblock coding option.
- the processing involves comparing a candidate macroblock coding option against a current best macroblock coding option to provide a score for the candidate macroblock coding option, and then selecting one out of the candidate macroblock coding option and the current best macroblock coding option to become a new current best macroblock coding option for a subsequent iterative comparison calculation.
- the selection is dependent on the candidate macroblock coding option score.
- the candidate score is determined by the following scoring process: if the candidate macroblock coding option distortion is lower than the current best macroblock coding option distortion at the number of bits required by the current best macroblock coding option, then the candidate score is increased by one, and if the current macroblock coding option distortion is larger than the candidate macroblock coding option distortion at the number of bits required by the candidate macroblock coding option, then the candidate score is increased by one.
- the score is assessed by the following process: if the candidate score is two, then the candidate macroblock coding option becomes a new current best macroblock coding option but if the candidate score is zero, then the current best macroblock coding options remains for a next iteration.
- the method further comprises carrying out the following pseudocode or equivalent: lf( Macroblock_activity ⁇ Thresholdi )
- ThresholcM (T1) can be in the range of 22... 42; Scale can be in the range 0.9 ... 1.9; Threshold2 (T2) can be in the range 4 ... 19;
- QP is the quantisation parameter (for example, in MPEG-2, QP may have a value between 1... 31 (inclusive));
- Estimated Avg MSE is the average of several macroblock mode MSE, for example the intra macroblock and the first available inter frame predicted macroblock; and LUT is a look-up table (LUT).
- Best MBO bit cost > Candidate MBO bit cost + thresholds AND Candidate MBO MSE ⁇ 1.2 * best MBO MSE)
- Threshold3 is in the range of 40 ... 50; Threshold4 is in the range of 60 ... 70; and Threshold ⁇ is in the range of 20 ... 40.
- the seed current best macroblock option is a intra coded macroblock.
- the plurality of QP points used comprises 3.
- a rate distortion optimisation apparatus comprising at least one Mean Square Error calculation unit, at least one bit cost calculation unit, at least one gradient calculation unit, and a selection unit, wherein the selection circuit is adapted to carry out any of the described method.
- the proposed RDO method and apparatus provides an improved picture quality in digitally coded video, both in terms of Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) and perceived/subjective visual quality.
- PSNR Peak Signal to Noise Ratio
- Embodiments of the present invention are particularly beneficial when used to upgrade coding performance of digital video encoders that encode under older compression standards. This is because such an upgrade improves encoding performance without affecting the ability of existing decoders to decode the video data stream produced.
- quality of the overall system is improved without having to wholly replace the existing video decoding hardware at the receiver end. When dealing with an installed user base, this is an important consideration.
- Fig. 1 shows a first exemplary graph of MSE vs bit cost for two different macroblock encoding modes A and B
- Fig.2 shows a second exemplary graph of MSE vs bit cost for two different macroblock encoding modes A and B;
- Fig. 3 shows an overview flow chart of the Rate Distortion Optimisation method according to an embodiment of the invention
- Fig. 4 shows a more specific portion of the Rate Distortion Optimisation method according to an embodiment of the invention when the gradient is zero;
- Fig. 5 shows a more specific portion of the Rate Distortion Optimisation method according to an embodiment of the invention when the score is one;
- Fig. 6 shows a block schematic diagram of a general hardware encoder incorporating RDO decision circuitry
- Fig. 7 shows a schematic block diagram of the Rate Distortion Optimisation apparatus according to an embodiment of the invention.
- the gradient of MSE vs bit cost is used, derived from a graph based on more than a single QP point.
- Fig. 1 shows such a graph, using a first exemplary set of data for MSE vs bit cost at two different macroblock encoding modes A and B.
- the ⁇ QP distance is typically set between 1 and 5 QP points away from the actual coded QP, for example 3 QPs away.
- the proposed modified RDO engine calculates the MSE and bit cost of each macroblock encoding mode option at each of the three QP points. These three QP points are effectively used to calculate the Lagrangian multiplier ⁇ , i.e. the gradient of MSE/bit cost. Using a piece wise linear approximation between the three QP points, the lowest rate-distortion point can be determined and therefore the optimum macroblock mode can be chosen.
- QP2 is the actual coded QP
- QP1 and QP3 are support points used to calculate the gradient for each macroblock mode.
- the final choice of macroblock coding mode is only coded at the centre QP point, e.g. QP2., with QP1 and QP3 only being helper points to decide the macroblock coding mode to use.
- QP1 and QP3 are never used for the actual coding.
- Fig. 1 it can be seen that the interpolation of macroblock Mode B between QP2 101 and QP3 102 is lower than the macroblock Mode A at QP2 103. Furthermore, the interpolation of macroblock Mode A between QP1 104 and QP2 103 is higher than macroblock Mode B at QP2 101. As a result, macroblock Mode B is chosen as the better macroblock mode. This choice of encoding mode provides a marginally lower quality result, but at 25% less bit cost, which is a worthwhile compromise since the bits saved here can be used to encode more challenging macroblocks elsewhere.
- the herein described method selects the macroblock mode which is closest to the graph origin (zero point in the bottom left hand corner), i.e. having a low MSE as well as a low bit cost, is chosen.
- Distortion Optimisation method and apparatus chooses a better optimum macroblock encoding mode decision.
- the macroblock mode decision is not quite as obvious.
- Fig. 2 shows a second example where the decision for the best macroblock mode is somewhat more complicated.
- the line connecting Mode B QP2 201 and QP3 202 is above Mode A QP2 203.
- Mode B QP2 201 is below the line connecting Mode A QP1 204 and QP2 203. Therefore, it is not clear which QP point of which mode is now the best.
- a more complex portion of the herein described method is used for the macroblock mode decision, as explained in more detail below and with reference to Fig. 3.
- the method starts by selecting the intra macroblock as the seed 301 , and estimates the average distortion of candidate alternative macroblock modes by averaging the distortion of the intra macroblock and the first available inter frame predicted macroblock. The method then iterates through candidates. In each iteration, the current "best" macroblock option (MBO) is compared to a candidate and in the case where the candidate proves better, the candidate then becomes the new "best” MBO 309. This iterative process continues until all candidates have been evaluated 313, and a macroblock mode is chosen 314. In most video compression methods there are many macroblock modes to consider. For example, macroblock mode candidates could include: intra coded, forward predicted, backward predicted, bi-directional predicted and any further legal combinations thereof. The number of macroblock modes may reach 20 or more. The more macroblock modes available to chose from, the more important it is to choose the best one.
- the first step is to compare the candidate's distortion to the "best" MBO distortion at the number of bits required by the "best” MBO 302. If the interpolated candidate has a lower distortion, then its score is incremented by one 303. 2)
- the second step compares the distortion of the "best” MBO to the candidate's at the number of bits required by the candidate 304. If the interpolated "best" MBO distortion is bigger than the candidate distortion, then the candidate's score is incremented by one again 305.
- a zero gradient assessment portion 400 utilising macroblock activity is used here, where the emphasis is changed so that low activity macroblocks that minimize distortion are favoured over a "best" MBO that offers bit savings.
- ThresholcM (T1) can be in the range of 22... 42;
- Scale can be in the range 0.9 ... 1.9;
- Threshold2 (T2) can be in the range 4 ... 19;
- QP is the quantisation parameter (for example, in MPEG-2, QP may have a value between 1... 31 (inclusive));
- Estimated Avg MSE is the average of several macroblock mode MSE, for example the intra macroblock and the first available inter frame predicted macroblock;
- LUT is a look-up table (LUT) that can be derived empirically.
- An example LUT is:
- Best MBO factor (best MBO bit cost - Candidate MBO bit cost) * (Estimated avg MSE - best MBO MSE)/(best MBO bit cost);
- Candidate MBO factor Candidate MBO MSE + (Candidate MBO bit cost - best MBO bit cost) * (Estimated Avg MSE - best MBO MSE)/(best MBO bit cost)
- the process 400 uses a number of evaluations 402 to 409 of the candidate MBO against the current best MBO to decide whether the candidate MBO 410 or current "best" MBO 41 1 becomes the "best" MBO for the next iteration.
- Macroblock activity should be calculated depending on the type of transformation. For example, in MPEG-2 and MPEG-4 Part 2 (Visual), an 8x8 DCT transformation is used. In these cases the minimum of four DCT luma block activities should be calculated as shown in equation (3):
- Y x , y is the 8 bit luma pixel
- Yaverage is the average value of all the pixels in the macroblock.
- the process uses a number of evaluations of the calculated candidate macroblock activity against the "best" MBO metrics (step 502), defined thresholds (steps 503) or combinations of the two using ratios (steps 504-506), to decide whether the candidate mode 507 or current "best” MBO 508 becomes the "best” MBO for the next iteration.
- Best MBO bit cost > Candidate MBO bit cost + thresholds AND Candidate MBO MSE ⁇ 1.2 * best MBO MSE)
- threshold3 (T3 in Fig. 5) may be any suitable value, however values are typically in the range of 40 ... 50.
- Threshold4 (T4 in Fig. 5) may be any suitable value, however values are typically in the range of 60 ... 70.
- Threshold ⁇ (T5 in Fig. 5) may be any suitable value, however values are typically in the range of 20 ... 40.
- Fig. 6 shows a schematic block diagram of a generic hardware encoder using a rate- distortion mode decision block 610.
- the Rate Distortion Mode decision block 610 takes inputs from the multiple inverse transform block 620 (i.e. the distorted video signals of several macroblock modes at more than one QP point, 702-705 of Fig. 7), and from the multiple entropy coding block 630 (i.e. the bit costs of several macroblock modes at more than one QP point, 730-733 of Fig. 7) and the source video signal 701.
- the Rate Distortion Mode decision block 610 uses these inputs in its calculations, and it outputs the final mode decision 640 back into the multiple entropy coding block 630.
- An output of the Rate Distortion Mode decision block 610 also provides the chosen macroblock signal 650 into the other functional blocks of the hardware encoder.
- Figure 7 shows a schematic block diagram of the proposed macroblock mode decision hardware.
- An embodiment of the hardware includes a set of MSE calculation units 710-713 and gradient calculation units 720 - 723, one instance of each for each macroblock mode being considered (A to D in example given, but up to 20 may be typically used).
- the MSE calculation units 710-713 take as inputs the source video 701 and the coded video (i.e. including any coding distortion) for the multiple QP points in use for each macroblock encoding mode (three in the example shown - 702 to 705), and outputs the MSE into the gradient units 720-723.
- the gradient calculation units then use the bit costs for each mode (730-733) at each QP point, and the MSE metrics to calculate the piece wise interpolated gradient on the graph of MSE vs bit rate (i.e.
- a comparison multiplexing unit 740 which carries out the above described RDO method then outputs the chosen final mode decision 640 to the multiple entropy encoding block and the chosen Macroblock signal 650 to the other functional blocks of the hardware encoder.
- the above described method maybe carried out by any suitably adapted or designed hardware. Portions of the method may also be embodied in a set of instructions, stored on a computer readable medium, which when loaded into a computer, Digital Signal Processor (DSP) or similar, causes the computer to carry out the hereinbefore described method.
- DSP Digital Signal Processor
- the method may be embodied as a specially programmed, or hardware designed, integrated circuit which operates to carry out the described RDO method when loaded into said integrated circuit.
- the integrated circuit may be formed as part of a general purpose computing device, such as a PC, and the like, or it may be formed as part of a more specialised device, such as a hardware video encoder, or the like.
- One exemplary hardware embodiment is that of a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) programmed to carry out the described RDO method and /or provide the described apparatus, the FPGA being located on a daughterboard of a rack mounted video encoder held in a video production suite, location video support van/uplink van or the like, for use in, for example, television broadcasting or video production.
- FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array
- ASICs Application Specific Integrated Circuits
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Abstract
L'invention porte sur un procédé d'Optimisation de Distorsion de Débit en codage vidéo numérique, comprenant la détermination d'une erreur quadratique moyenne et d'un coût en bit pour une pluralité de points QP pour chaque option de mode de codage de macrobloc considérée, et la sélection d'une meilleure option de mode de codage de macrobloc en fonction d'une interpolation de la pluralité de points QP pour chaque option de mode de codage de macrobloc considérée. L'invention porte également sur un appareil d'Optimisation de Distorsion de Débit destiné à mettre en œuvre le procédé, et sur un support lisible par ordinateur portant des instructions pour mettre en œuvre le procédé.
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PCT/EP2009/054596 WO2010118780A1 (fr) | 2009-04-17 | 2009-04-17 | Procédé et appareil d'optimisation de distorsion de débit |
EP09779309A EP2420061A1 (fr) | 2009-04-17 | 2009-04-17 | Procédé et appareil d'optimisation de distorsion de débit |
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PCT/EP2009/054596 WO2010118780A1 (fr) | 2009-04-17 | 2009-04-17 | Procédé et appareil d'optimisation de distorsion de débit |
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Cited By (1)
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CN107810632A (zh) * | 2015-05-06 | 2018-03-16 | Ng编译码器股份有限公司 | 具有降低代价的块分割和细化的帧内模式选择的帧内预测处理器 |
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2009
- 2009-04-17 WO PCT/EP2009/054596 patent/WO2010118780A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2009-04-17 EP EP09779309A patent/EP2420061A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Non-Patent Citations (6)
Title |
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GARY J. SULLIVAN; THOMAS WIEGAND: "Rate-Distortion Optimization for Video Compression", IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING MAGAZINE, November 1998 (1998-11-01) |
ORTEGA A ET AL: "RATE-DISTORTION METHODS FOR IMAGE AND VIDEO COMPRESSION", IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING MAGAZINE, IEEE SERVICE CENTER, PISCATAWAY, NJ, US, vol. 15, no. 6, 1 November 1998 (1998-11-01), pages 23 - 50, XP000992343, ISSN: 1053-5888 * |
RAMCHANDRAN K ET AL: "BIT ALLOCATION FOR DEPENDENT QUANTIZATION WITH APPLICATIONS TO MULTIRESOLUTION AND MPEG VIDEO CODERS", IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING, IEEE SERVICE CENTER, PISCATAWAY, NJ, US, vol. 3, no. 5, 1 September 1994 (1994-09-01), pages 533 - 545, XP000476830, ISSN: 1057-7149 * |
See also references of EP2420061A1 * |
SULLIVAN G J ET AL: "RATE-DISTORTION OPTIMIZATION FOR VIDEO COMPRESSION", IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING MAGAZINE, IEEE SERVICE CENTER, PISCATAWAY, NJ, US, vol. 15, no. 6, 1 November 1998 (1998-11-01), pages 74 - 90, XP011089821, ISSN: 1053-5888 * |
WIEGAND T ET AL: "Lagrange multiplier selection in hybrid video coder control", PROCEEDINGS 2001 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON IMAGE PROCESSING. ICIP 2001. THESSALONIKI, GREECE, OCT. 7 - 10, 2001; [INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON IMAGE PROCESSING], NEW YORK, NY : IEEE, US, vol. 3, 7 October 2001 (2001-10-07), pages 542 - 545, XP010563403, ISBN: 978-0-7803-6725-8 * |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN107810632A (zh) * | 2015-05-06 | 2018-03-16 | Ng编译码器股份有限公司 | 具有降低代价的块分割和细化的帧内模式选择的帧内预测处理器 |
CN107810632B (zh) * | 2015-05-06 | 2020-06-23 | Ng编译码器股份有限公司 | 具有降低代价的块分割和细化的帧内模式选择的帧内预测处理器 |
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