WO2010111947A1

WO2010111947A1 - Construction method for building underwater structures by liquefying and discarding soil

Info

Publication number: WO2010111947A1
Application number: PCT/CN2010/071444
Authority: WO
Inventors: 卢如年
Original assignee: Lu Runian
Priority date: 2009-03-31
Filing date: 2010-03-31
Publication date: 2010-10-07
Also published as: CN101691755A

Abstract

A construction method for building underwater structures by liquefying and discarding soil comprises: (1) constructing structures having a bottom plate or grating (11); (2) mounting a vibrator (8,9) or a high-pressure water or gas spraying device (2,4,5,6) on the lower part of said bottom plate or grating (11); (3) generating vibration with the vibrator (8,9) or spraying a high-pressure water column or high-speed stream with the high-pressure water or gas spraying device (2,4,5,6) so that soil layers (26a,26b,26c) in the subsidence range of the structure are liquefied; (4) providing a slurry discharging pipe (3) that passes through the bottom plate of said structure and providing another high-pressure spraying device (3a, 3c) at the middle and bottom portions respectively of said discharging pipe (3), and discharging the slurry under the effect of the high-pressure air sprayed from said other high-pressure spraying device (3a,3c) to continuously sink the structure. The method enables construction of underwater structures such as bridge foundations, underwater tanks, underwater shelters, gravity type wharfs or caissons for bank revetment, sand filling or rigrap reinforcing dams for reclamation cofferdam engineering, caisson or rigrap dams for breakwaters or training walls et al in geological conditions of underwater soft and/or sandy soil safely, at low cost and with short construction periods.

Description

Construction method of liquefied spoil for constructing underwater structures

The invention relates to a liquefied spoil construction method for constructing an underwater structure. Under water conditions, under soft soil or sandy soil conditions, the construction of bridge foundations, underwater tanks, underwater shelters, gravity wharfs or revetments, and the construction of sand-filled or riprap berms for reclamation projects, This technique is applicable to the construction of caissons or ripraps for breakwaters or dikes. Background technique

Construction of bridge foundations, submerged tanks, underwater bunkers, gravity wharfs or revetment caissons, sand filling or riprap in reclamation projects in soft soils or sandy land conditions in rivers, rivers and seas around the world The construction of caissons or ripraps for berms, breakwaters or dikes is becoming more and more common and the scale is getting larger and larger. It can be seen that it is very urgent to study new technologies for underwater construction; the construction method of liquefied spoil can make underwater construction Safety improvement, cost reduction, improvement of work efficiency, filling of international gaps, so it has important practical significance

1. The traditional construction method for constructing bridge foundation, underwater tank body and underwater bunker under water is generally the use of sinking technology, which is prone to sudden sinking, piping, side sinking and difficult to seal the bottom.

Second, the construction of gravity docks or revetments under water, the traditional construction method is generally to replace the soil by excavation pits, and then placed caisson or block on it. Due to the excavation of the foundation pit, the balance of the soil is destroyed, and the soil landslide is prone to occur, resulting in the destruction of surrounding buildings; excavation of the foundation pit under the condition of underwater soft soil or sandy soil, for the stability of the slope, excavation The amount of engineering is particularly large, resulting in high construction cost and long construction period; the bottom of the foundation pit will be backed up and the silt will not be completely cleaned, resulting in a weak interlayer at the bottom, leaving a hidden danger of the landslide.

Third, in the underwater reclamation cofferdam, the traditional construction method in addition to excavation of the foundation pit also uses the riprap to squeeze the silt, the method of smashing and squeezing the silt has obvious disadvantages: in the loading process of the riprap, the bottom layer will With the squeezing of the soil, it is expanding, resulting in a large amount of stone and high cost. It will also have a weak interlayer at the bottom of the riprap, and the built dam will have hidden dangers of landslides.

Construction method of liquefied spoil The construction of bridge foundation, underwater tank, underwater bunker, gravity wharf, revetment, breakwater, diversion dyke, etc. under underwater soft soil or sandy land quality can improve construction safety and cost. Reduced and shortened construction period.

Summary of the invention The object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and to provide a liquefied spoil construction method for constructing an underwater structure, which can be used to construct a bridge foundation, an underwater tank, and water under the conditions of underwater soft soil or sandy soil. Construction safety, cost reduction, and shortened construction period of the lower bunker, the gravity tank or the revetment of the revetment, the sand filling or riprap of the reclamation project, the caisson of the breakwater or the dike, or the riprap.

Technical Solution of the Invention: A method for constructing a liquefied spoil for constructing an underwater structure, comprising: (1) first fabricating the structure into a floor or a barrier; (2) installing a vibrator on the bottom of the structure or the lower part of the grille or a high-pressure water jet device or a high-pressure gas jet device; (3) a vibrator mounted on the bottom plate or the lower portion of the grille generates vibration, or a high-pressure water jet device ejects a high-pressure water column, or a high-pressure gas jet device ejects a high-pressure gas to sink the structure Liquefaction occurs in the soil layer within the range; (4) A mud discharge pipe is installed on the bottom plate of the structure, and a high-pressure gas injection device is arranged in the lower part and the middle portion of the mud discharge pipe, under the action of the high-pressure gas sprayed by the high-pressure gas injection device Exhaust the mud and let the structure sink.

The imbalance of the sinking of the structure can be adjusted by adjusting the flow rate of the high pressure water or the high pressure gas.

The structure can be raised step by step during the sinking of the structure.

The invention also provides a dam construction method for excavating a foundation pit using a grid as a guide. First, a grid is prefabricated, and a grid is arranged around the grid, and a plurality of high-pressure water or a plurality of high-pressure water is installed on the grid or The gas delivery main pipe is connected to the high pressure water or gas transmission branch pipe at the bottom of the grate respectively; the water source or the gas source of each main pipe is controlled by independent switches, and the injection holes are directly opened on both sides of each branch pipe. The cross-sectional area of each conveying main pipe is greater than 1.2 times the sum of the cross-sectional areas of the communicating pipes, and the cross-sectional area of each conveying branch pipe is larger than the cross-sectional area of all the injection holes on the pipe. 5倍。 The sum of the area of 1. 5 times.

The unevenness of the barrier sinking can be adjusted by closing one or more high pressure water or gas delivery mains. The invention has the following advantages: 1. The construction of the foundation of the bridge can adopt a box-type structure, which avoids the shortcomings of the conventional sinking construction method which are prone to sudden sinking, piping, side sinking, difficult to clear the bottom, and poor quality; Digging directly to build underwater tanks or bunkers embedded in the ground, filling the gaps in the history of world architecture; 3. Excavating caisson to build docks or revetments, shortening construction period, reducing costs, and avoiding landslides; Construction of dams, shortening construction schedules, reducing costs, and avoiding landslides. DRAWINGS Figure 1 is the structure diagram of the tank, the distribution map of the high pressure water or gas main pipeline, and the schematic diagram of the mud discharge pipe.

Figure 2 is a top view of Figure 1, the location of the high pressure water or gas main delivery pipe

Figure 3 is a bottom view of Figure 1, a high pressure water or gas transmission pipe distribution diagram, a high pressure water or gas injection state diagram. Figure 4 is an enlarged view of A1 in Figure 3.

Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of A_A of Figure 2, Figure 3, a structural diagram of the high pressure water or gas main and branch pipes, a state diagram of high pressure water or gas injection, a structural diagram of the mud discharge pipe, and a schematic diagram of mud discharge.

Figure 6 is the structure diagram of the tank, the distribution map of the high pressure water or gas main pipeline, and the schematic diagram of the mud discharge pipe.

Figure 7 is a top view of Figure 6, high pressure water or gas transmission pipe distribution map

Figure 8 is an enlarged view of A2 in Figure 7.

Figure 9 is a bottom view of Figure 6, high pressure water or gas nozzle distribution map, high pressure water or gas injection state diagram

Figure 10 is an enlarged view of A3 in Figure 9.

Figure 11 is a B_B sectional view of Figures 7 and 9, a structural diagram of the high pressure water or gas main and branch pipes, a high pressure water or gas injection state diagram, a mud discharge pipe structure diagram, and a mud discharge diagram.

Figure 12 is a bottom view, high pressure liquid or gas powered vibrator distribution diagram of Figure 6.

Figure 13 is an enlarged view of A4 in Figure 12.

Figure 14 is a cross-sectional view taken along line C_C of Figure 12, a structural view of a high pressure liquid or gas main and branch transfer pipe, a vibrator distribution map, a structural view of a mud discharge pipe, and a slurry discharge diagram.

Figure 15 is an enlarged view of A5 in Figure 12.

Figure 16 is an enlarged view of A6 in Figure 14.

Figure 17 is a schematic diagram of the tank structure, schematic diagram, and mud discharge pipe

Figure 18 is an enlarged view of A7 in Figure 17.

Figure 19 is a top view of Figure 17, the distribution of the cable

Figure 20 is a bottom view of Figure 17, the distribution of the electric vibrator

Figure 21 is a cross-sectional view of the D_D of Figure 20, a structural diagram of the main cable and the supporting cable, a structural view of the vibrator, a structural view of the slurry discharge pipe, and a schematic diagram of the mud discharge.

Figure 22 is an enlarged view of A8 in Figure 21.

Figure 23 is an enlarged view of A9 in Figure 21.

Figure 24 is a square box structure diagram, high pressure water or gas pipeline distribution diagram, mud discharge pipe schematic (square shape Example)

Figure 25 is a circular box structure diagram, high pressure water or gas transmission pipe distribution map, mud discharge pipe schematic (circular embodiment)

Figure 26 is a cross-sectional view of the E_E of Figure 24, a schematic diagram of the mud pumping and the sinking of the tank under the high pressure water or gas flushing box.

Figure 27 is a state diagram in which the wall of the box of Figure 26 is continuously raised and the box is continuously sinking.

Figure 28 is a state diagram in which the box sinks to a predetermined position.

Figure 29 is a schematic diagram of the grouting reinforcement under the box after the tank is sunk in place.

Figure 30 is a schematic diagram of filling the tank with the conveying pipe, the drain pipe, the water or the air gun bar after the tank is sunk in place.

Figure 31 is a state diagram of the underwater tank or hidden body after sinking in place, after loading the weight on the top of the box

Figure 32 is the box type guide for constructing stone or sand dam, the distribution map of high pressure water or gas conveying main pipe and branch pipe. Figure 33 is to sink the box type guide into the bottom of the water, fill the box with materials, prepare for sinking construction. State Diagram Figure 34 is a schematic diagram of the high pressure water or gas flushing box soil, the squeezed soil, the box type guide sinking together with the filling material, and the material is continuously filled thereon.

Figure 35 is a schematic view of the box and the filling material after sinking into position

Figure 36 is the schematic diagram of the grille and the high pressure water or gas conveying main pipe and benchmark

Figure 37 is a top view of Figure 36, the position of the high pressure water or gas delivery main pipe, benchmark

Figure 38 is a bottom view of Figure 36, the distribution of high pressure water or gas transmission branch pipe

Figure 39 is a cross-sectional view of F_F of Figure 38

Figure 40 is a state in which the barrier guide is sunk into the bottom of the grid, and the material is filled on the grille to prepare for sinking. Figure 41 shows the barrier guide with the sand filling under the flushing of high-pressure water or gas. Sink, at the same time, the schematic of continuously filling the material on it

Figure 42 is a completed state diagram of the sand-filled embankment with the barrier as the guide: 1. The box; la, the inner box structure box; lb, the low box structure box; 2. The high pressure water or 2, main cable; 3, mud discharge pipe; 3a, high-pressure gas injection device; 3b, high-pressure gas discharged from mud; 3c, high-pressure gas injection device; 4, high-pressure water or gas transmission branch; 4a, branch cable ; 5, water or Air gun rod; 5a, vibrator cable; 6, high pressure water or gas nozzle; 7, high pressure water or gas jet; 8, pressure vibrator; 9, electric vibrator; 10, liquefied soil flow direction; 10a, soil slurry; , barrier; lla, grille skeleton; 12, benchmark; 13, blade foot; 14, filling material; 15, anti-floating load; 16, sand-filled protective layer; 17, water; 18, ballast water; , coagulation liquid jet; 20, solidified body; 21, sealing 砼; 22, loading stone; 23, piled sand; 24, anti-floating wing; 25, structural grid; 26a, soft soil; 26b, medium density Earth; 26c, dense soil; 27, geotextile; 28, stone embankment. detailed description

The core technology of the present invention is that the structure has a bottom plate or a barrier grille, and a vibrator or a high-pressure water jet device or a high-pressure gas jet device is installed on the bottom plate or the lower portion of the grille to liquefy the soil layer within the range of the sinking of the structure into a slurry; A mud discharge pipe (penetrating the bottom plate) is also installed on the bottom plate of the structure, and a high-pressure gas injection device is arranged in the lower part and the middle portion of the mud discharge pipe, and the mud is discharged under the action of the high-pressure gas sprayed by the high-pressure gas injection device, thereby causing the structure to continuously flow down. The process of sinking.

The application of this technology in the construction of underwater structures eliminates the need to pre-excavate the foundation pits, which can reduce the construction cost and shorten the construction period. It avoids the continuous diffusion of the bottom layer during the sinking of the piles during the construction of the dam. Phenomenon, thus saving construction materials; also because there is no pre-excavation foundation pit or piled soil, so there will be no slope or soil sliding during the construction process, and the stability of the surrounding foundation will be maintained, so that the surrounding buildings will not be Destructive safety accidents; also because the soft soil layer at the bottom of the structure can be completely removed, so that the underwater structure constructed has no hidden danger of sliding interlayer, and the anti-sliding ability of the underwater structure is greatly enhanced, thus also making the underwater structure The reduction reduces the construction cost; also because the bottom of the dam has a toothed blade embedded in the soil, which improves the anti-sliding ability of the dam, thereby improving the safety performance of the dam.

The specific performance is as follows:

1. When constructing the foundation pier of the bridge, the underwater tank, the underwater bunker, the gravity wharf or the box structure of the dam body, firstly, the upper open box with the bottom plate can be made in the prefabrication field, and the bottom of the box is surrounded. At the bottom of the bottom plate, four sets of vibrators or high-pressure water jet devices or high-pressure gas jet devices are pre-buried, and a mud discharge pipe penetrating the bottom plate is installed on the bottom plate, and a high-pressure gas is provided in the lower part and the middle portion of the mud discharge pipe. Spraying device; after moving the boxes one by one to a predetermined position, sinking into the bottom of the water and starting to sink; under the high-frequency vibration of the vibrator or the high-pressure water jetting device to spray high-pressure water or the high-pressure gas spraying device Under the impact of high-pressure gas, the soil under the tank becomes liquefied and becomes mud, at high The mud is discharged by the high-pressure gas sprayed by the compressed air injection device, and as the soil layer under the tank is lowered, the tank is continuously sinked into position until reaching a predetermined position. In the process of sinking, if uneven settlement occurs, the purpose of adjusting can be achieved by suspending a group of vibrators or high-pressure water jet devices or high-pressure gas jet devices.

2. When constructing a stone embankment or a sand embankment, you can first make a low-rise steel box-type structure with a bottom plate in the prefabrication field. The bottom of the box has a blade foot. The shape of the blade foot can be made into a tooth shape, which is pre-shaped at the bottom of the bottom plate. Buried four sets of vibrators or high-pressure water jets or high-pressure gas jets; after moving these boxes one by one to a predetermined position, sinking into the bottom of the tank, filling the tank with sand or sand, starting to sink, shaking Under the impact of high-frequency vibration or high-pressure water jetting device to spray high-pressure water or high-pressure gas injection device to eject high-pressure gas, the liquefaction of the soil under the tank has fluidity, and the liquid soil is squeezed from the periphery of the blade. Discharge, as the soil layer under the tank descends, the tank and the filling material continue to sink; while the tank sinks, the stone or sand is continuously filled until the tank sinks to a predetermined position. In the process of sinking, if uneven settlement occurs, the purpose of adjustment can be achieved by suspending a group of vibrators or high-pressure water injection devices or high-pressure gas injection devices.

3. When constructing a stone embankment or a sand embankment, a block screen (which may be a wire mesh, a plastic net, a geotextile, etc. with reinforcing edges around it) may be firstly fabricated in the prefabricated field, and the bottom of the grille is pre-buried and installed. Four sets of vibrators or high-pressure water jets or high-pressure gas jets; after moving these grille blocks to a predetermined position, sinking into the bottom of the water, filling the grille with stone or sand, and then starting the sinking operation; Under the impact of high-frequency vibration or high-pressure water jetting device to spray high-pressure water or high-pressure gas jetting device to eject high-pressure gas, the liquefaction of the soil under the barrier has fluidity, and the liquid soil is squeezed from the periphery of the barrier. Discharge, as the soil layer under the barrier descends, the barrier continues to sink together with the filling material, and the stone or sand is continuously filled while the barrier sinks until the barrier sinks to a predetermined position. In the process of sinking, if uneven settlement occurs, the purpose of adjustment can be achieved by suspending a group of vibrators or high-pressure water injection devices or high-pressure gas injection devices. The prefabrication and sinking principle of the casing, the flushing system and the sludge discharging system of the present invention will be described below with reference to Embodiments 1-5.

Referring to Figures 1 to 5, this embodiment is: The high-pressure water or gas delivery branch pipe 4 is installed under the tank floor, and the injection hole is directly opened on the branch pipe 4; the method of liquefying the soil is to inject high-pressure water or gas.

1. As shown in Figure 1~2, in the prefabrication field, a box 1 with an upper opening of the bottom plate is made, and the bottom of the box has a blade 13 (the shape of the blade can be other shapes); 4 high-pressure water or gas is installed in the box. Delivery supervisor 2. High pressure water or gas delivery There may be multiple tubes, depending on the specific situation, and other embodiments are the same. The four main pipe 2 penetrating box bottom plates are respectively connected with four sets of high-pressure water or gas conveying branch pipes 4 under the tank bottom plate; and a mud discharging pipe 3 penetrating the tank bottom plate is also installed in the box, and the cross-sectional area of the pipes is required More than 1.2 times the sum of the cross-sectional areas of the four conveying mains 2. The water source or gas source of the four high-pressure water or gas delivery mains 2 is provided by a high-pressure water pump or a gas pump, and the water sources or gas sources of the four main pipes 2 are respectively controlled by independent switches.

2. As shown in Figure 3~4, the four sets of high-pressure water or gas transmission branch pipes 4 under the tank floor are installed in four sections, and the number is equal and symmetrical as much as possible; each group of high-pressure water or gas transmission branch pipes 4 is composed of multiple pipes. Composition, the injection holes are directly opened on both sides of each branch pipe 4, the direction of the holes is inclined downward, and the number of holes and holes is determined according to the soil condition; the cross-sectional area of each conveying main pipe 2 is larger than the branch pipe 4 connected thereto 1.2 times the sum of the sectional areas; the cross-sectional area of each of the conveying branches 4 is greater than 1.5 times the sum of the cross-sectional areas of all the injection holes on the tube.

3, as shown in Figure 5, installed in the mud discharge pipe 3 (or separately installed outside the pipe) high pressure gas pipe 3a; high pressure water or gas 7 injection, at the same time, the high pressure gas 3b is injected, so that the soil under the box will be continuously washed and When it is discharged, the box will continue to sink. The high pressure gas 3b that discharges the mud is supplied by a separate high pressure air pump. Example 2

Referring to Figures 6-11, this embodiment is: The high pressure water or gas delivery branch 4 is installed in the bottom plate of the tank, and high pressure water or gas is injected through the nozzle 6; the method of liquefying the soil is to inject high pressure water or gas.

1. As shown in Figure 6~8, in the prefabrication field, a box 1 with an upper opening of the bottom plate is made, and the bottom of the box has a blade 13 (the shape of the blade can be other shapes); 4 high-pressure water or gas is installed in the box. The conveying main pipe 2 is respectively connected with four sets of high-pressure water or gas conveying branch pipes 4 in the tank, and each of the branch pipes 4 has a plurality of outlets respectively connected with independent water or air gun rods 5; each conveying main pipe The cross-sectional area of 2 is greater than 1.2 times the sum of the cross-sectional areas of the branch pipes 4 communicating therewith. A mud discharge pipe 3 penetrating the bottom plate of the tank is also installed in the tank, and the cross-sectional area of the pipe is more than 1.2 times the sum of the cross-sectional areas of the four transport main pipes 2. The water source or gas source of the four high-pressure water or gas delivery mains 2 is provided by a high-pressure water pump or an air pump, and the water sources or gas sources of the four main pipes 2 are controlled by independent switches.

2. As shown in Figure 9~11, each gun 5 penetrates the bottom plate of the box and penetrates a certain distance under the box (the length is determined according to the soil quality). A nozzle 6 is connected at the front end of each gun 5, and there are many nozzles 6 around. Spray holes (the number of holes is determined according to the soil quality); the cross-sectional area of each of the transfer pipes 4 is greater than 1.2 times the sum of the cross-sectional areas of all the water or air gun rods 5 on the pipe; each water or air gun rod 5 cross-section The area is larger than 1.2 of the sum of the cross-sectional areas of all the injection holes on the nozzle 6. Times.

3, as shown in Figure 11, installed in the mud discharge pipe 3 (or separately installed outside the pipe) high pressure gas pipe 3a; high pressure water or gas 7 injection, the high pressure gas 3b is injected, so that the tank soil will be continuously washed and When it is discharged, the box will continue to sink. The high pressure gas 3b that discharges the mud is supplied by a separate high pressure air pump. Example 3

Referring to Figures 12-16, this embodiment is similar to Embodiment 2 except that the head 6 is changed to a pressure vibrator 8; the method of liquefying the soil is that the pressure vibrator 8 generates high frequency vibration.

1. As shown in Fig. 12~16, the production of the tank 1 and the high pressure liquid or gas conveying main pipe 2 and the conveying branch pipe 4 and the mud discharging pipe 3 are the same as those in the second embodiment, and the cross-sectional area of each pipe is also the same as that in the second embodiment.

Several pressure vibrators 8 are installed at the end of each gun 5, and the power source is provided by a pressure machine capable of generating periodic positive pressure and negative pressure (such as a pulse hydraulic pump, a pulse air pump), and the transmission mode is through four high voltages. The liquid or gas delivery main pipe 2 is then sent to the pressure vibrator 8 via the conveying branch pipe 4; the power sources of the four main pipes 2 are respectively controlled by independent switches.

2. As shown in Fig. 14, the high-pressure air pipe 3a is installed in the mud discharge pipe 3 (or separately installed outside the pipe); the high-pressure gas 3b is emitted while the pressure vibrator 8 generates high-frequency vibration, so that the tank soil is liquefied. And it is discharged, and the box will continue to sink. The high pressure gas 3b that discharges the mud is supplied by a separate high pressure air pump. Example 4

Referring to Figs. 17 to 23, this embodiment is a power source for electric power. The electric power causes the electric vibrator 9 to generate high frequency vibration, and the high frequency vibration generated by the electric shock absorber 9 liquefies the soil.

1. As shown in Fig. 17~19, a box 1 with an upper opening of the bottom plate is made in the prefabrication field, and a blade foot 13 is arranged around the bottom of the box (the shape of the blade foot can be other shapes); 4 sets of main cables 2a are installed in the box, Each group of main cables 2a is further divided into multi-way branch cables 4a, and each branch cable 4a is connected to the electric vibrator 9 through the gun 5; the load of each main cable 2a and branch cable 4a must satisfy the electric vibrator 9 Total power requirements. The power supply of the 4 sets of main cables 2a is controlled by independent switches.

2. As shown in Fig. 20, a plurality of electric vibrators 9 are mounted on each of the guns 5.

3, as shown in Figure 21~23, installed in the mud discharge pipe 3 (or separately installed outside the pipe) high pressure air pipe 3a; When the actuator 9 generates high-frequency vibration, the high-pressure gas 3b is emitted, so that the soil under the tank is liquefied and discharged, and the tank is continuously sinking. The high pressure gas 3b that discharges the mud is supplied by a separate high pressure air pump.

The liquefied spoil construction method is used to construct underground structures suitable for structures of different shapes, as long as the soil layer within the sinking range of the structure can be washed or liquefied by high pressure water or gas. Referring to Fig. 24, the shape of the box is square; referring to Fig. 25, the shape of the box is round. Implementation of the construction of underwater box structures with high pressure water or gas flushing

See Figure 26~31

1. As shown in Figure 26, move the prefabricated box 1 to the predetermined position, so that the water in the box sinks the tank to the bottom of the water; turn on the high-pressure water or the air to flush the tank, and liquefy the tank; start the discharge mud The high pressure gas 3b causes the liquefied slurry to drain out of the bottom of the tank.

2. As shown in Fig. 27, in the process of sinking the box, if uneven settlement occurs, and the settlement of one area is large, the unevenness of the sinking of the box is adjusted by suspending the flushing or flushing of the area. Sex. When the wall of the box is high, the wall of the box does not need to be poured once, and it can be implemented in sections, that is, the box is sunk for a section, and the wall of the box is raised for a period of time, and is continuously circulated until all the sinking is in place.

3. As shown in Figure 28, the cabinet sinks to the predetermined position.

4. As shown in Fig. 29, after the tank sinks to the predetermined position, the coagulation liquid 19 is injected through the gun to make the soil layer under the tank become the solidified body 20, so as to achieve the bearing capacity required by the design.

5. As shown in Fig. 30, after the grouting is completed, the nozzle is blocked, all the pipes are cut off at the board surface position inside the box, and then the material is filled with sand 22 or stone, and the underwater box structure is built. It is.

6. As shown in Figure 31, the underwater structure constructed is an inner hollow box structure la. In order to resist the buoyancy of water, rock blocks 15 or other weight blocks are piled on the top of the tank to increase the anti-floating capacity for increasing the ballast area. Capability, wing panels 24 can be added around the cabinet. Example 5: Construction of a dam without excavation pits using a box as a guide

Referring to Figures 32 to 35, this embodiment is: The high pressure water or gas delivery branch 4 is installed in the tank, and high pressure water or gas is injected through the nozzle 6; the method of liquefying the soil is to inject high pressure water or gas.

1. As shown in Fig. 32, a short box lb with an upper opening of the bottom plate is prepared in the prefabrication field, and a standard rod 12 is installed at each of the four corners of the box; 4 high pressure water or gas conveying mains are installed in the box 2 , the 4 supervisors 2 and the box respectively 4 sets of high-pressure water or gas transmission branch pipes 4 are connected, and each branch pipe 4 has a plurality of outlets respectively connected with independent water or air gun rods 5; each conveying main pipe 2 has a cross-sectional area larger than that of the branch pipes 4 connected thereto. The sum of the cross-sectional areas is 1.2 times; the water source or gas source of the four high-pressure water or gas delivery mains 2 is provided by a high-pressure water pump or a gas pump, and the water sources or gas sources of the four main pipes 2 are respectively controlled by independent switches.

2. As shown in Fig. 33, each of the guns 5 penetrates the bottom plate of the box and penetrates a certain distance under the box (the length is determined according to the soil quality). A nozzle 6 is connected to the front end of each of the barrels 5, and a plurality of injection holes are opened around the nozzle 6. (The number of holes is determined according to the soil quality); the cross-sectional area of each conveying branch 4 is greater than 1.2 times the sum of the cross-sectional areas of all the water or air gun rods 5 on the tube; the cross-sectional area of each water or air gun rod 5 is greater than The nozzle 6 has 1.2 times the sum of the cross-sectional areas of all the injection holes.

3. As shown in Fig. 33, the prefabricated box lb is moved to a predetermined position, sinks to the bottom of the water, and a layer of sand 16 is first filled in the box, so that the conveying branch 4 is covered and protected, and then a layer of stone is filled on the sand 16. 22, increase the overall weight of the box lb.

4. As shown in Figure 33, the high-pressure water pump or air pump is turned on. The nozzle 6 emits high-pressure water or gas. 7. The soil under the tank is washed to liquefy, and the liquefied soil 10a is squeezed out of the box under the gravity of the box.

5. As shown in Figure 34~35, during the process of sinking the box lb, observe whether the box is uniformly sinking by the surrounding benchmark 12; if uneven settlement occurs, the first zone settles quickly, then the first zone is suspended. Water or gas, to achieve the purpose of adjusting the uniform sinking of the box; the box lb is washed and sinked while adding sand 23 to it until the design position is reached. The box lb sinks to a predetermined position, and the teeth of the blade foot are cut into the bearing layer to enhance the anti-sliding ability of the dam. Example 6: Construction of a dam without excavation pits using a barrier as a guide

Referring to Figures 36-42, this embodiment is: The high pressure water or gas delivery branch pipe 4 is installed at the bottom of the barrier, and the injection hole is directly opened on the branch pipe 4; the method of liquefying the soil is to inject high pressure water or gas.

1. As shown in Fig. 36~37, a grid 11 is formed in the prefabrication field. The grid 11 is surrounded by a grid lla. Four high pressure water or gas conveying pipes 2 are installed on the grid 11, and the four tubes 2 penetrate. The grille 11 is respectively connected with four sets of high-pressure water or gas transfer branch pipes 4 at the bottom of the grille 11; the water source or gas source of the four high-pressure water or gas transport mains 2 is provided by a high-pressure water pump or an air pump, and four water sources of the main pipe 2 or The gas sources are controlled by separate switches. A pole 12 is also provided at the four corners of the barrier 11.

2. As shown in Figure 38~39, the four sets of high-pressure water or gas-transporting branch 4 at the bottom of the barrier 11 are installed in four sections, and the number is equal and symmetrical as much as possible; each set of high-pressure water or gas-transporting branch 4 is composed of multiple Pipe composition, in each branch The injection holes are directly opened on both sides of the 4, the direction of the orifice is inclined downward, and the number of apertures and holes is determined according to the soil condition; the cross-sectional area of each conveying main pipe 2 is larger than the sum of the cross-sectional areas of the branch pipes 4 connected thereto is 1.2 The cross-sectional area of each of the conveying branch pipes 4 is larger than 1.5 times the sum of the cross-sectional areas of all the injection holes on the pipe.

3. As shown in Fig. 40, the prefabricated barrier 11 is moved to a predetermined position, and the grille 11 is filled with stone or sand 23 to sink the barrier 11 into the bottom of the water, and then the high pressure water or gas is turned on to cause the injection hole to emit high pressure water or The gas 7 liquefies the soil under the barrier 11 into a mud slurry, and the earth slurry 10a is pushed away from the barrier 11 by the gravity of the rock or sand 23.

4. As shown in Fig. 41, during the process of sinking the grille 11 together with the rockfill or sand 23, it is observed by the benchmark 12 whether the grille 11 is uniformly settled, and if uneven settlement occurs, a certain group of high pressure water or gas jets is turned off. The method is to adjust the unevenness of the sinker 11 sinking.

5. As shown in Fig. 41, during the sinking of the barrier 11, the stone or sand 23 is synchronously filled thereon until the barrier 11 reaches the predetermined position.

6. Figure 42. Construction of a cofferdam on a rockfill or sand foundation.

Claims

Claim

1. A liquefied spoil construction method for constructing an underwater structure, characterized in that: (1) the structure is first made into a floor or a grille; (2) a vibrator or high-pressure water is installed on a bottom plate or a lower portion of the grille of the structure. (3) a vibrator installed in the lower part of the bottom plate or the grille generates vibration, or a high-pressure water jet device ejects a high-pressure water column, or a high-pressure gas jet device ejects high-pressure gas to make the structure sink The soil layer is liquefied; (4) a mud discharge pipe is installed on the bottom plate of the structure, and a high-pressure gas injection device is arranged in the lower part and the middle portion of the mud discharge pipe, and the mud is sprayed under the high-pressure gas sprayed by the high-pressure gas injection device. Discharge, so that the structure sinks.

The liquefied spoil construction method for constructing an underwater structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the unbalance of the sinking of the structure is adjusted by adjusting the flow rate of the high-pressure water or the high-pressure gas.

The liquefied spoil construction method for constructing an underwater structure according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the structure is raised step by step during the sinking of the structure.

4. The liquefied spoil construction method for constructing an underwater structure according to claim 1, wherein the structure is a box structure including a box body and a bottom plate, and the bottom of the box body has a cutting edge; further comprising a high pressure water jet device or a high pressure The gas injection device is composed of a plurality of high-pressure water or gas delivery main pipes and a plurality of high-pressure water or gas transmission branch pipes, and the branch pipe is connected with the main pipe, and the high-pressure water or gas transmission branch pipe is installed under the tank bottom plate, and the injection holes are directly opened. In the case of the branch pipe, a mud discharge pipe penetrating the bottom plate of the tank is installed in the tank, the cross-sectional area of the pipe is greater than 1.2 times the sum of the cross-sectional areas of the plurality of conveying main pipes; the water source or gas source of each main pipe is respectively Independent switching control; each conveying main pipe has a cross-sectional area greater than 1.2 times the sum of the cross-sectional areas of the branch pipes connected thereto; the cross-sectional area of each conveying branch pipe is larger than the sum of the cross-sectional areas of all the injection holes on the pipe 1.5 times.

5. The liquefied spoil construction method for constructing an underwater structure according to claim 1, wherein the structure is a box structure including a box body and a bottom plate, and the bottom of the box body has a cutting edge; further comprising a high pressure water jet device or a high pressure a gas injection device, the high-pressure water injection device is composed of a plurality of high-pressure water or gas delivery mains and a plurality of high-pressure water or gas transmission branch pipes, the branch pipe is connected with the main pipe, and the high-pressure water or gas transmission branch pipe is installed in the tank bottom plate; The utility model also has a mud discharge pipe penetrating through the bottom plate of the tank, wherein the cross-sectional area of the pipe is greater than 1.2 times the sum of the cross-sectional areas of the plurality of conveying main pipes; each of the branch pipes has a plurality of outlets respectively and independent water or air gun rods Connected; each conveying main pipe has a cross-sectional area greater than 1.2 times the sum of the cross-sectional areas of the communicating pipe branches; the main water source or gas source is controlled by independent switches; each gun penetrates the tank bottom plate, goes deep into the box At a certain distance, a nozzle is connected at the front end of each gun, and a plurality of injection holes are opened around the nozzle; the cross-sectional area of each of the conveying branches is larger than that of the tube Or 1.2 times the cross-sectional area and the air gun; each air gun or water jet cross-sectional area greater than 1.2 times the entire cross-sectional area and the holes on the head.

6. The liquefied spoil construction method for constructing an underwater structure according to claim 1, wherein the structure is a box structure including a box body and a bottom plate, and the bottom of the box body has a cutting edge; further comprising a high pressure water jet device or a high pressure a gas injection device, the high-pressure water injection device is composed of a plurality of high-pressure water or gas delivery mains and a plurality of high-pressure water or gas transmission branch pipes, the branch pipe is connected with the main pipe, and the high-pressure water or gas transmission branch pipe is installed in the tank bottom plate; The utility model also has a mud discharge pipe penetrating through the bottom plate of the tank, wherein the cross-sectional area of the pipe is greater than 1.2 times the sum of the cross-sectional areas of the plurality of conveying main pipes; each of the branch pipes has a plurality of outlets respectively and independent water or air gun rods Connected; each conveying main pipe has a cross-sectional area greater than 1.2 times the sum of the cross-sectional areas of the communicating pipes, and the main water source or gas source is controlled by independent switches, each of which penetrates the bottom plate of the tank and goes deep into the box. At a certain distance, connect one or several pressure vibrators to the front end of each gun.

7. The liquefied spoil construction method for constructing an underwater structure according to claim 1, wherein the structure It is a box structure, including a box body and a bottom plate, and has a blade bottom at the bottom of the box; a plurality of sets of main cables are installed in the box, and each group of main cables is divided into multiple branch cables, and each branch cable is connected to the electric vibrator through a gun rod. The load of each main cable and branch cable meets the requirements of the total power of the electric vibrator; the power supply of each group of main cables is controlled by an independent switch.

8. A dam construction method for excavating a foundation pit using a grid as a guide, characterized in that a grid is prefabricated, a grid is surrounded by a grid, and a plurality of high pressure water or a plurality of high pressure water is installed on the grid or The gas delivery main pipe is connected to the high pressure water or gas transmission branch pipe at the bottom of the grate respectively; the water source or the gas source of each main pipe is controlled by independent switches, and the injection holes are directly opened on both sides of each branch pipe. The cross-sectional area of each conveying main pipe is greater than 1.2 times the sum of the cross-sectional areas of the communicating pipes, and the cross-sectional area of each conveying branch pipe is larger than the cross-sectional area of all the injection holes on the pipe. 5倍。 The sum of the area of 1. 5 times.

9. The dam construction method for excavating a foundation pit using the barrier as the guide according to claim 8, wherein the leakage of the barrier is not adjusted by closing one or more high pressure water or gas delivery mains. Uniformity.