WO2010111937A1 - 内置电容式水位控制器的潜水泵以及用于潜水泵的电容式水位控制器 - Google Patents

内置电容式水位控制器的潜水泵以及用于潜水泵的电容式水位控制器 Download PDF

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WO2010111937A1
WO2010111937A1 PCT/CN2010/071397 CN2010071397W WO2010111937A1 WO 2010111937 A1 WO2010111937 A1 WO 2010111937A1 CN 2010071397 W CN2010071397 W CN 2010071397W WO 2010111937 A1 WO2010111937 A1 WO 2010111937A1
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Prior art keywords
water level
water
pump
level sensor
capacitive
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PCT/CN2010/071397
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English (en)
French (fr)
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黄文笔
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Huang Wen Pi
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Publication of WO2010111937A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010111937A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D15/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or systems
    • F04D15/02—Stopping of pumps, or operating valves, on occurrence of unwanted conditions
    • F04D15/0209—Stopping of pumps, or operating valves, on occurrence of unwanted conditions responsive to a condition of the working fluid
    • F04D15/0218—Stopping of pumps, or operating valves, on occurrence of unwanted conditions responsive to a condition of the working fluid the condition being a liquid level or a lack of liquid supply
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F23/00—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
    • G01F23/22—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water
    • G01F23/26—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring variations of capacity or inductance of capacitors or inductors arising from the presence of liquid or fluent solid material in the electric or electromagnetic fields
    • G01F23/263—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring variations of capacity or inductance of capacitors or inductors arising from the presence of liquid or fluent solid material in the electric or electromagnetic fields by measuring variations in capacitance of capacitors
    • G01F23/265—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring variations of capacity or inductance of capacitors or inductors arising from the presence of liquid or fluent solid material in the electric or electromagnetic fields by measuring variations in capacitance of capacitors for discrete levels
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F23/00—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
    • G01F23/22—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water
    • G01F23/26—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring variations of capacity or inductance of capacitors or inductors arising from the presence of liquid or fluent solid material in the electric or electromagnetic fields
    • G01F23/263—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring variations of capacity or inductance of capacitors or inductors arising from the presence of liquid or fluent solid material in the electric or electromagnetic fields by measuring variations in capacitance of capacitors
    • G01F23/268—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring variations of capacity or inductance of capacitors or inductors arising from the presence of liquid or fluent solid material in the electric or electromagnetic fields by measuring variations in capacitance of capacitors mounting arrangements of probes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a water pump technology, in particular to a submersible pump with a built-in capacitive water level controller, which controls the start and stop of the submersible pump according to the detected water level. It has the functions of water shortage and power failure protection, which improves the service life and operation safety of the submersible pump.
  • the present invention provides a built-in capacitive water level controller Submersible pumps to improve the service life and operational safety of submersible pumps, reduce production costs and meet market demand.
  • the present invention can also provide a capacitive water level controller dedicated to a submersible pump, which is waterproof and can be built in The pump body is used with a submersible pump.
  • the submersible pump of the built-in capacitive water level controller of the invention comprises: a water pump body and a capacitive water level controller, the controller a capacitive liquid level detecting and processing circuit including a bidirectional thyristor connected in series with a water pump, a trigger circuit, an output contact circuit, and a water level sensor; Mounted in a receiving cavity of the pump body and sealed with the waterproofing material and the receiving cavity; wherein the water level sensor comprises an sensing head and a supporting portion, the sensing head is a metal sensing surface covered with an insulating dielectric layer Body; it is set at a fixed The plate or the pump body is connected to the PCB, and the sensing head is located in the water flow channel between the pump body and the front cover or the back cover, and the water level is determined by the sensing state of the sensing head surrounded by the water state and the waterless state.
  • the change In turn, the pump is started and stopped.
  • a capacitive water level controller dedicated to submersible pumps including:
  • a DC power supply a bidirectional thyristor connected in series with the water pump;
  • a trigger circuit comprising an optical coupler and an inverting amplifier, wherein the light emitting diode of the optical coupler is connected in series to an output loop of the inverting amplifier, and an output end of the optical coupler is connected to the trigger end of the triac;
  • a water level sensor comprising an inductive head and a support portion, the inductive head being a metal sensing body having a surface covered with an insulating dielectric layer; as well as,
  • a capacitive liquid level detection processing circuit its output connection An input end of the inverting amplifier, a reference capacitor end is connected to a positive end of the DC power source through a reference capacitor, and a detecting end is connected to the connection portion of the water level sensor, according to the
  • the sensing head of the water level sensor is distinguished by the water-enclosed state and the sensed capacitance value of the waterless state to discriminate the water level.
  • the water level sensor comprises a copper ball, the surface of the copper ball extends out of a support rod, and the free end of the support rod serves as a connecting portion, and the surface of the copper ball and the surface of the support rod cover the insulating medium layer, and the copper ball and the surface thereof are covered An insulating dielectric layer constitutes the The sensing head of the water level sensor.
  • the water level sensor can also form a unitary member with the plastic pump body through an insert molding process, plastic An outwardly projecting projection is formed on the front wall of the pump body, and the metal sensing body is embedded in the cavity in the projection to form an inductive head of the water level sensor.
  • the sensing head of the water level sensor may be spherical, elliptical, polyhedral, cylindrical, or the like.
  • the water pumped by the water pump does not contact the ground or the positive terminal of the direct current power source through the electrode plate, the wire or the like.
  • the ground or positive terminal of the DC power source may also be in contact with water drawn by the water pump through an electrode plate or wire.
  • the invention has a built-in capacitive water level controller It is packaged in the pump body of the submersible pump to reduce the volume of the product and has the function of water and power failure protection, which can improve the service life and operation safety of the submersible pump.
  • the capacitive water level controller adopts a water level sensor composed of a metal inductor covering a surface of the insulating medium layer, and a capacitance liquid level detecting and processing circuit.
  • the surface of the insulating medium layer of the water level sensor does not have any metal sheets, etc.
  • the insulating medium layer of the sensing head is directly in contact with the water flow passage between the pump body and the front cover or the rear cover, and the water pumped by the water pump does not need to be in contact with the ground or positive terminal of the DC power source through the electrode plate, the wire, or the like.
  • the sensing head is distinguished from the water level by the state of the water-submerged state and the state of the water-free state, and the water pump is controlled to start and stop, and the operation is stable and reliable.
  • the sensing head of the water level sensor is located in the water flow channel in the water pump It has the protection of the front cover or the back cover and is not exposed to the pump body. It is safe to use.
  • the water level sensor is covered with an insulating medium layer, which is not easy to adhere to dirt, has no leakage current, and has stable performance.
  • the water level sensor can form a monolithic component with the plastic pump body through the insert molding process, and the metal induction body is embedded in the body.
  • the cavity in the convex portion on the front wall of the pump body constitutes the sensing head of the water level sensor, and the integrated molding process of the sensor and the pump body is reduced, which is advantageous for reducing the production cost.
  • Embodiment 1 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 2a, b, and c are schematic diagrams showing the structure and installation of the capacitive controller in the embodiment 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the state of setting two water level sensors of the submersible pump of Embodiment 1;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the structure and installation of a capacitive water level controller in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 2.
  • Fig. 6 is a circuit diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the submersible pump of Embodiment 1 includes a water pump body 1 , and the water pump mainly includes a pump body 11 and is mounted.
  • the controller 2 Contains: DC power supply; two-way thyristor, two-way thyristor and water pump connected in series in the AC circuit; trigger circuit, which contains an optical coupler and an inverting amplifier, the light-emitting diode of the optical coupler is connected in series with the output of the inverting amplifier In the loop, the output end of the optocoupler is connected to the trigger end of the triac; a water level sensor 22, the water level sensor includes an inductive head and a support portion, the inductive head is a metal inductor body covered with an insulating dielectric layer; and a capacitive liquid level detecting and processing circuit, the output of which is connected An input end of the inverting amplifier, a reference capacitor end is connected to a positive end of the DC power supply through a reference capacitor, and a detection input end is connected to the connection portion of the water level sensor 22, according to the The sensing head of the water level sensor is distinguished by the water-enclosed state and the sensed capacitance value of the waterless
  • the water level sensor 22 includes a copper ball 221, and a surface of the copper ball 221 extends from a support rod 222.
  • the support rod 222 The free end serves as a connecting portion 223, and the surface of the copper ball 221 and the surface of the support rod 222 are covered with an insulating dielectric layer 224, the copper ball 221 and an insulating dielectric layer 224 covering the surface thereof.
  • the sensing head of the water level sensor 22 is constructed.
  • the controller 2 is mounted in the accommodating cavity 111 in the pump body 11 and accommodates the cavity 111 of the pump body 11 Sealed with waterproof material 3 between them.
  • the support rod portion 222 of the water level sensor 22 is inserted into the mounting hole of the front wall of the pump body 11 into the accommodating chamber 111 and soldered to the PCB 21
  • the sensing heads 221 and 224 are located in the water flow channel between the pump body 11 and the front cover 12, and the water level changes are determined according to the sensing state of the sensing head surrounded by the water state and the waterless state. , in turn, control the start and stop of the pump.
  • 121 is the forward water inlet on the front cover 12
  • 122 is the water inlet regulating valve installed on the front cover 12.
  • the thickness of the dielectric layer 224 of the water level sensor 22 is 0.05-15 mm.
  • the insulating dielectric layer 224 of the water level sensor 22 described above It is a plastic layer, or an insulating varnish layer, or a nano-insulating material layer, such as a nano-ceramic material layer.
  • the insulating dielectric layer can be formed by a conventional injection molding method, a spraying method, or the like.
  • the outer diameter of the copper ball 221 of the above water level sensor 22 is ⁇ 1-30 mm.
  • the two water level sensors 22 are The mounting holes mounted on the front wall of the pump body 11 are inserted into the accommodating cavity, and are soldered to the PCB, and connected to the detection input end of the corresponding capacitive liquid level detecting processing circuit on the PCB, so that the two water level sensors 22 The sensing head is located in the water flow passage between the pump body 11 and the front cover 12 to detect the water level change.
  • the submersible pump of the embodiment 2 includes a water pump body 1 , and the water pump mainly includes a pump body 11 An AC motor mounted in the pump body, an impeller mounted on the AC motor shaft, a front cover 12, and a rear cover 13 and the like.
  • the capacitive water level controller built into the submersible pump 2 is the same as in the first embodiment. It uses two diagrams.
  • the water level sensor 22 is shown, and the two water level sensors 22 are vertically disposed by a fixing plate 23 with mounting holes, and the support rods 222 of the two water level sensors 22 are inserted into the support plate 23
  • the mounting hole is soldered to the PCB 21 and connected to the detection input end of the corresponding capacitive liquid level detecting processing circuit on the PCB 21, and then sealed with a waterproof material to the corresponding receiving cavity of the pump body 11 so that The sensing heads of the two water level sensors 22 are located in the water flow passage between the pump body 11 and the rear cover 13 to detect the change signal of the water level to realize the control of the water pump.
  • 131 is the back cover 13 On the back of the sink.
  • the water level sensor of the present invention can form a unitary member with a plastic pump body through an insert molding process, in plastic
  • An outwardly convex protrusion is formed on the front wall of the pump body, so that a metal induction body is embedded in the cavity in the protrusion to form an induction head of the water level sensor, and the wall thickness of the plastic protrusion is Insulation medium layer thickness, the plastic
  • the wall thickness of the raised portion is usually not greater than the wall thickness of the plastic pump body and can be selected between 0.05 and 3 mm depending on the size of the pump body.
  • the plastic raised portion acts as a The support portion of the water level sensor, the portion of the metal inductor that is exposed from the accommodating cavity of the stator in the pump body is at the connection portion thereof, and can be electrically connected to the PCB directly or through a wire. .
  • the water level sensor of the present invention can also form a unitary member with the fixing plate 23 of the plastic of Embodiment 2 by the insert molding process.
  • the sensing head of the water level sensor of the present invention may be spherical, elliptical, polyhedral, cylindrical or the like.
  • the diameter or the maximum outer dimension of the metal inductor in the sensing head is 1-30 mm . According to the size of the water pump, the surface area of the metal inductor increases, and the value of the induced capacitance between the water and the water outside the insulating medium layer (same dielectric material, the same layer thickness) increases.
  • the thickness of the insulating dielectric layer of the sensing head is 0.05-15mm
  • the insulating dielectric layer is a plastic layer, an insulating varnish layer, or a nano-insulating material layer or the like.
  • Fig. 6 is a circuit diagram of an implementation of the capacitive water level controller of the present invention.
  • the two-way thyristor Q2 and the water pump 1 are connected in series in the AC circuit.
  • the trigger circuit includes an optical coupler U3 and an inverting amplifier composed of a transistor Q1, etc., and the optical coupler U3
  • the light emitting diode is connected in series to the output loop of the inverting amplifier.
  • the output end of the optocoupler U3 is connected to the trigger end of the triac Q2; the transistor Q1 of the transistor is a PNP tube, and the emitter is connected to the positive end of the DC power source.
  • the collector passes through the resistor R7, the light-emitting diode of the photocoupler U3 to the ground, and the base is connected to the positive terminal of the DC power supply through the resistor R5.
  • the water level sensor 22 employs sensors of various configurations as described above, such as the copper ball structure sensor of the first embodiment.
  • Capacitive level detection processing circuit U2 output terminal 3 pin Transistor Q1 base.
  • the detection processing circuit U2 The level of the output level is controlled mainly by comparison of two frequency signals formed inside by the external capacitors of the two inputs.
  • the reference capacitor terminal 7 of U2 is connected to the positive terminal of the DC power supply through a reference capacitor C2.
  • the detection terminal 1 of the U2 is connected to the connection portion 223 of the water level sensor 22, The sensing head of the water level sensor contacts the water to form a distributed capacitance, and the change in the value of the sensing capacitance in the water state and the waterless state determines the level of the output of the comparator.
  • U2's 2 feet can be connected to C4 To improve the anti-interference ability.
  • the sensing capacitance When the sensing head of the water level sensor 22 is flooded, the sensing capacitance is larger, and when it is larger than the reference capacitance C2, U2 is passed. After the internal frequency comparison processing, the output pin 3 of U2 outputs a low level, which causes the transistor Q1 to conduct through the optocoupler U3 to trigger the bidirectional thyristor Q2 to conduct, so that the pump works.
  • the sensing head of the water level sensor 22 gradually exposes the water, and the sensing capacitance gradually decreases. When there is no water, the sensing capacitance is zero.
  • the output of pin 3 of U2 is turned to high level, which turns off transistor Q1, and optocoupler U3 does not work, turning off bidirectional thyristor Q2, so that the pump stops working. Add water, water level rise, submerged water level sensor The induction head of the 22, the pump automatically starts working.
  • the detection signal of each water level sensor needs to be processed by the above-mentioned one of the capacitive liquid level detection processing circuits U2, and then combined with the trigger to control a two-way thyristor. Start and stop of the pump. When the sensing head of the upper water level sensor is flooded, the water pump is operated; when the sensing head of the lower water level sensor is completely exposed to the water surface, the water pump is stopped.
  • the water in the pool or the container where the water pump is located can be stably operated without contacting the ground plate or the positive terminal of the DC power source through the electrode plate, the wire or the like.

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Description

内置电容式水位控制器 的潜水泵
技术领域
本发明涉及 水泵技术 ，具体是一种内置电容式水位控制器 的潜水泵，它根据 检测的水位高低来控制 潜水泵启停 ，有 缺水断电保护等功能，使潜水泵使用寿命和运行安全性提高。
背景技术
目前，波丽（ POLY ）喷泉、池塘之户外喷泉及鱼缸水族箱等使用的 潜水泵 ，对于功率比较大的水泵因安规之需要，常常在泵体内加一个温控开关来实现断电，但因外围环境温度温差太大，会导致误动作，不能准确的在缺水时实时断电保护。
对于小水泵安规还没有强制要求，因其体积小，装设温控开关难度大。而小水泵大多是在户内及桌上型喷泉内使用，当喷泉缺水时 泵 马达仍然继续转动，长时间运转容易导致火灾发生。有的产品采用电极感应方式来实现缺水断电保护，需要多个电极，安装烦琐，电极表面容易附着污物，且容易被腐蚀或电解而使寿命缩短。
发明内容
鉴于现有技术存在的上述不足，本发明提供一种 内置电容式水位控制器 的潜水泵，以提高潜水泵使用寿命和运行安全性，降低生产成本，满足市场的需求。
同时，本发明还能提供一种专用于潜水泵的 电容式水位控制器 ，它能防水，可 内置于 泵体内与潜水泵配套使用。
本发明 内置电容式水位控制器 的潜水泵包括：水泵本体和 电容式水位控制器 ，该 控制器 含与水泵串联的双向可控硅、触发电路、输出端接触发电路的 电容式液位检测处理电路以 及 水位传感器 ；所述 控制器 装于泵体内的容置腔中，并采用防水材料与该容置腔封固；其中，所述 水位传感器包括感应头部和支撑部，该感应头部为表面覆盖有绝缘介质层的金属感应体；它设置在一 固定 板或 泵体上且连 接于 PCB , 其 感应头部 位于泵体与前盖或后盖之间的水流通道内， 以该感应头部被水包围状态和无水状态的感应电容值来辨别水位的变化 , 进而控制水泵的启停。
一种专用于潜水泵的电容式水位控制器 ，包括：
一直流电源；一双向可控硅，它与水泵串联；
一触发电路，它含有光耦合器和反相放大器，光耦合器的光发射二极管串联于反相放大器的输出回路中，光耦合器的输出端接所述双向可控硅的触发端；
一水位传感器，该水位传感器包括感应头部和支撑部，该感应头部为表面覆盖有绝缘介质层的金属感应体； 以及，
一电容式液位检测处理电路 , 它的 输出接 所述反相放大器的输入端，一参考电容端通过一基准电容接直流电源正端， 检测 输入端连接所述 水位传感器的连接部，根据 所述 水位传感器的感应头部被水包围状态和无水状态的感应电容值来辨别水位的变化 。
其中，所述 水位传感器含有一铜球，该铜球表面延伸出一支撑杆，该支撑杆的自由端作为连接部，该铜球的表面和支撑杆的表面覆盖绝缘介质层，该铜球和它表面覆盖的绝缘介质层构成 所述 水位传感器的感应头部。
所述 水位传感器也可以通过嵌件注塑工艺与塑料 泵体形成一个整体构件， 塑料 泵体的前壁上形成一向外凸出的凸起部，所述 金属感应体内嵌于 该凸起部内的凹腔中构成所述 水位传感器的感应头部。
所述 水位传感器的感应头部可以呈圆球形、椭圆球形、多面体形、圆柱形等。
本发明方案中，水泵所抽取的水不通过电极板、导线等与直流电源的地或正端子接触。所述直流电源的地或正端子也可以通过一电极板或导线与水泵所抽取的水接触。
本发明将 电容式水位控制器内置 封装于潜水泵的泵体内，使产品体积减小，具有缺水断电保护功能，能提高潜水泵使用寿命和运行安全性。
其电容式水位控制器采用由表面覆盖绝缘介质层的金属感应体构成的水位传感器及电容式液位检测处理电路等。水位传感器的绝缘介质层表面不设任何金属片等 ，它的 感应头部的绝缘介质层 直接和泵体与前盖或后盖之间的水流通道内的接触，水泵所抽取的水也不需要通过电极板、导线等与直流电源的地或正端子接触， 以该感应头部被水淹没状态和无水状态的感应电容值辨别水位的变化 ，控制水泵的启停，运行稳定、可靠。
其水位传感器的感应头部位于于水泵内的 水流通道中 ，有前盖或后盖保护，不外露于泵体之外，使用安全。水位传感器包覆有绝缘介质层，不容易附着脏物，无漏电流，性能稳定。
其水位传感器可以通过嵌件注塑工艺与塑料 泵体形成一个整体构件，将 金属感应体内嵌于 泵体前壁上之凸起部内的凹腔中构成 水位传感器的感应头部，传感器和 泵体一体成型工序减少，有利于降低生产成本 。
附图说明
图 1 为本发明实施例 1 的结构示意图；
图 2a 、 b 、 c 为实施例 1 中 电容式控制器结构及安装 示意图；
图 3 为 实施例 1 的潜水泵设置两个 水位传感器状态 示意图；
图 4 为本发明实施例 2 中 电容式水位控制器结构及安装 示意图；
图 5 为实施例 2 的结构示意图；
图 6 为 本发明一实施电路图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步说明。
参照图 1 、 2a-c ；实施例 1 的潜水泵，包括水泵本体 1 ，水泵主要包括泵体 11 、安装 于泵体内的交流电机以及装于交流电机轴上的叶轮、前盖 12 及后盖 13 等；潜水泵内置一个 电容式水位控制器 2 。
该控制器 2 含有：直流电源；双向可控硅，双向可控硅和水泵串联在交流回路中；触发电路，它含有一光耦合器和反相放大器，光耦合器的光发射二极管串联于反相放大器的输出回路中，光耦合器的输出端接所述双向可控硅的触发端； 水位传感器 22 ，该水位传感器包括感应头部和支撑部，该感应头部为表面覆盖有绝缘介质层的金属感应体； 以及， 电容式液位检测处理电路 , 它的 输出接 所述反相放大器的输入端，一参考电容端通过一基准电容接直流电源正端， 检测 输入端连接到所述 水位传感器 22 的连接部，根据 所述 水位传感器的感应头部被水包围状态和无水状态的感应电容值来辨别水位的变化 。
上述水位传感器 22 含有一铜球 221 ，该铜球 221 表面延伸出一支撑杆 222 ，该支撑杆 222 的自由端作为连接部 223 ，该铜球 221 的表面和支撑杆 222 的表面覆盖绝缘介质层 224 ，该铜球 221 和它表面覆盖的绝缘介质层 224 构成该水位传感器 22 的感应头部。
上述控制器 2 装于所述泵体 11 内的容置腔 111 中，并与所述泵体 11 的容置腔 111 之间采用防水材料 3 封固。其中，所述 水位传感器 22 的支撑杆部 222 插入 泵体 11 前壁的 安装孔进入 容置腔 111 且 焊接于 PCB 21 ，它 的感应头部 221 、 224 位于泵体 11 与前盖 12 之间的水流通道内， 根据该感应头部被水包围状态和无水状态的感应电容值来辨别水位的变化 ，进而控制水泵的启停。其中， 121 为前盖 12 上的前进水槽口， 122 为安装在前盖 12 上的进水调节阀。
上述 水位传感器 22 的绝缘介质层 224 的厚度为 0.05-15mm 。
上述 水位传感器 22 的绝缘介质层 224 是塑料层，或绝缘漆层，或纳米绝缘材料层等，如纳米陶瓷材料层等。绝缘介质层可以采用传统注塑方式、喷涂方式等形成。
上述 水位传感器 22 的铜球 221 的外径为￠ 1-30mm 。
当需要上下设置两个 水位传感器时，参照 图 3 ，如 实施例 1 设置，将两 水位传感器 22 上下安装于泵体 11 前壁的 安装孔进入 容置腔，且 焊接于 PCB ，与 PCB 上相应的 电容式液位检测处理电路的检测 输入端连接，使两 水位传感器 22 的感应头部 位于泵体 11 与前盖 12 之间的水流通道内，以探测 水位变化。
图 4 、 5 实施例 2 的潜水泵包括水泵本体 1 ，水泵主要包括泵体 11 、安装于泵体内的交流电机以及装于交流电机轴上的叶轮、前盖 12 及后盖 13 等。潜水泵内置的 电容式水位控制器 2 与实施例 1 相同，它采用了两个 图 2 所示的水位传感器 22 ，两个水位传感器 22 通过一个带安装孔的 固定 板 23 竖直设置，两个水位传感器 22 的支撑杆 222 插入支撑板 23 的 安装孔且焊接于 PCB 21 ，与 PCB 21 上相应的 电容式液位检测处理电路的检测 输入端连接， 再用 防水材料封固于泵体 11 相应的容置腔，使 两个水位传感器 22 的感应头部 位于泵体 11 与后盖 13 之间的水流通道内， 以探测水位的变化信号 ，实现对水泵的控制。其中， 131 为后盖 13 上的后进水槽口。
本发明的水位传感器可以通过嵌件注塑工艺与塑料 泵体形成一个整体构件，在 塑料 泵体的前壁上形成一向外凸出的凸起部，使一个 金属感应体内嵌于 该凸起部内的凹腔中构成 水位传感器的感应头部，该塑料 凸起部的壁厚就是其 绝缘介质层厚度，该塑料 凸起部的壁厚通常不大于 塑料 泵体壁厚， 根据 泵体大小可在 0.05-3mm 之间选择。该塑料 凸起部同时又作为 该水位传感器的支撑部，该金属感应体的从泵体内 安装定子的容置腔内露出的 部分即在其连接部，可以直接或通过导线与 PCB 电连接 。通过嵌件注塑工艺，本发明的水位传感器也可以与 实施例 2 塑料的 固定 板 23 形成一个整体构件。
本发明水位传感器的感应头部可以呈圆球形、椭圆球形、多面体形、圆柱形等。
其中， 感应头部内的金属感应体的直径或最大外形尺寸为 1-30mm 。可以根据水泵的规格大小选取，金属感应体的表面面积增加，它与绝缘介质层（同一介质材料，相同层厚度）外的水之间感应电容值增加。
感应头部的绝缘介质层的厚度为 0.05-15mm ，该绝缘介质层是塑料层、绝缘漆层、或纳米绝缘材料层等。
图 6 为 本发明 电容式水位控制器 一实施电路图。
交流高压 120/220Vac ，经电容 C1 降压，由整流器 D1 整流，电容 C6 等滤波，三端稳压器 U1 稳压， C3 、 C7 滤波，向液位检测处理电路 U2 等电路部分提供 直流电源 。
双向可控硅 Q2 和水泵 1 串接在交流回路中。
触发电路包括一光耦合器 U3 和由三极管 Q1 等组成的反相放大器，光耦合器 U3 的光发射二极管串联于反相放大器的输出回路中，光耦合器 U3 的输出端接所述双向可控硅 Q2 的触发端；三极管 Q1 采用 PNP 管，发射极接直流电源正端 ，集电极通过电阻 R7 、 光耦合器 U3 的光发射二极管到地，基极 通过电阻 R5 接 直流电源正端。
水位传感器 22 采用上述各种结构的传感器，如 实施例 1 中的铜球结构传感器等。
电容式液位检测处理电路 U2 输出端３脚接 三极管 Q1 基极。该 检测处理电路 U2 主要通过由两个输入端的外接电容在其内部形成的两个频率信号的比较来控制其输出电平的高低。 U2 的 参考电容端 7 脚 通过一基准电容 C2 接直流电源正端， U2 的检测 输入端 1 脚连接 所述 水位传感器 22 的 连接部 223 ， 该 水位传感器的感应头部与水接触形成分布电容，有水状态和无水状态的感应电容值变化确定 比较器输出电平的高低。 U2 的 2 脚可以接 C4 以提高抗干扰能力。
当水位传感器 22 的 感应头部被水淹没时，感应电容较大，大于 基准 电容 C2 时，通过 U2 内部进行频率比较处理后， U2 的输出端 3 脚输出低电平，使三极管 Q1 导通通过光耦合器 U3 触发双向可控硅 Q2 导通，使水泵工作。
当水位下降时，水位传感器 22 的 感应头部逐渐露出水，感应电容逐渐减小，当没有水时感应电容为零，此时 U2 的输出端 3 脚转变为高电平，使三极管 Q1 截止，光耦合器 U3 不工作，关断双向可控硅 Q2 ，从而使水泵停止工作。再加水 水位上升 淹没水位传感器 22 的 感应头部 ，水泵即自动启动工作。
如果采用如图 4 、 5 实施例 2 的上、下 两个水位传感器 22 来探测水位时，每个水位传感器的探测信号需要通过上述一个电容式液位检测处理电路 U2 来处理，然后再组合 触发 控制一个 双向可控硅实现 水泵的启停。当上水位传感器 的 感应头部被水淹没时，使水泵工作；当下水位传感器 的 感应头部全露出水面时，使水泵停止工作。
本发明方案中，水泵所在的水池或容器等中的水不通过电极板、导线等与直流电源的地或正端子接触，即可稳定工作。

Claims (1)

  1. 1 、一种内置电容式水位控制器的潜水泵，包括水泵本体，其特征是进一步包括一 电容式水位控制器 ，该 控制器 含有与水泵串联的双向可控硅、触发电路、输出端接触发电路的 电容式液位检测处理电路以 及 水位传感器 ；
    所述 控制器 装于泵体内的容置腔中，并采用防水材料与该容置腔封固；其中，所述 水位传感器包括感应头部和支撑部，该感应头部为表面覆盖有绝缘介质层的金属感应体；它设置在一 固定 板或 泵体上且连 接于 PCB ，其 感应头部 位于泵体与前盖或后盖之间的水流通道内， 以该感应头部被水包围状态和无水状态的感应电容值来辨别水位的变化 ，进而控制水泵的启停。
    2 、 如权利要求 1 所述的内置电容式水位控制器的潜水泵，其特征是：所述水位传感器的感应头部呈圆球形、或椭圆球形、或多面体形、或圆柱形。
    3 、 如权利要求 1 所述的内置电容式水位控制器的潜水泵，其特征是：所述水位传感器含有一铜球，该铜球表面延伸出一支撑杆，该支撑杆的自由端作为连接部，该铜球的表面和支撑杆的表面覆盖绝缘介质层，该铜球和它表面覆盖的绝缘介质层构成 所述 水位传感器的感应头部。
    4 、 如权利要求 1 所述的内置电容式水位控制器的潜水泵，其特征是：所述水位传感器通过嵌件注塑工艺与塑料 泵体形成一个整体构件， 塑料 泵体的前壁上形成一向外凸出的凸起部，所述 金属感应体内嵌于 该凸起部内的凹腔中构成所述 水位传感器的感应头部。
    5 、 如权利要求 4 所述的内置电容式水位控制器的潜水泵，其特征是：所述水位传感器的感应头部呈圆球形、或椭圆球形、或多面体形、或圆柱形。
    6 、如权利要求 1 或 3 或 4 所述的内置电容式水位控制器的潜水泵，其特征是：所述水位传感器的感应头部的绝缘介质层的厚度为 0.05-15mm 。
    7 、如权利要求 1 或 3 或 4 所述的内置电容式水位控制器的潜水泵，其特征是：所述水位传感器的感应头部的绝缘介质层是塑料层、或绝缘漆层、或纳米陶瓷材料涂层。
    8 、如权利要求 1 或 3 或 4 所述的内置电容式水位控制器的潜水泵，其特征是：所述水位传感器的感应头部内的金属感应体的直径或最大外形尺寸为 1-30mm 。
    9 、如权利要求 1 或 3 或 4 所述的内置电容式水位控制器的 潜水泵，其特征是所述电容式水位控制器包括：
    一直流电源；
    一双向可控硅，它与水泵串联；
    一触发电路，它含有一光耦合器和一反相放大器，光耦合器的光发射二极管串联于反相放大器的输出回路中，光耦合器的输出端接所述双向可控硅的触发端；以及，
    一 电容式液位检测处理电路 , 它的 输出接 所述反相放大器的输入端，一参考电容端通过一基准电容接直流电源正端， 检测 输入端连接到所述 水位传感器的连接部，根据 所述 水位传感器的感应头部被水包围状态和无水状态的感应电容值来辨别水位的变化 。
    10 、如权利要求 9 所述的 内置电容式水位控制器的 潜水泵，其特征是：所述直流电源的地或正端通过一电极板或导线与水泵所抽取的水接触。
    11 、用于潜水泵的 电容式水位控制器 ，其特征是包括：
    一直流电源；
    一双向可控硅，它与水泵串联；
    一触发电路，它含有光耦合器和反相放大器，光耦合器的光发射二极管串联于反相放大器的输出回路中，光耦合器的输出端接所述双向可控硅的触发端；
    一水位传感器，该水位传感器包括感应头部和支撑部，该感应头部为表面覆盖有绝缘介质层的金属感应体； 以及，
    一电容式液位检测处理电路 , 它的输出接所述反相放大器的输入端，一参考电容端通过一基准电容接直流电源正端， 检测输入端连接所述水位传感器的连接部，根据所述水位传感器的感应头部被水包围状态和无水状态的感应电容值来辨别水位的变化。
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