WO2010110562A2 - 무선 통신 시스템에서 참조 신호 전송 방법 및 장치 - Google Patents
무선 통신 시스템에서 참조 신호 전송 방법 및 장치 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
- H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
- H04L5/0048—Allocation of pilot signals, i.e. of signals known to the receiver
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- the present invention relates to wireless communication, and more particularly, to a method and apparatus for transmitting a reference signal in a wireless communication system.
- the next generation multimedia wireless communication system which is being actively researched recently, requires a system capable of processing and transmitting various information such as video, wireless data, etc., out of an initial voice-oriented service.
- the fourth generation of wireless communication which is currently being developed after the third generation of wireless communication systems, aims to support high-speed data services of downlink 1 Gbps (Gigabits per second) and uplink 500 Mbps (Megabits per second).
- the purpose of a wireless communication system is to enable a large number of users to communicate reliably regardless of location and mobility.
- a wireless channel is a path loss, noise, fading due to multipath, inter-symbol interference (ISI) or mobility of UE.
- ISI inter-symbol interference
- There are non-ideal characteristics such as the Doppler effect.
- Various techniques have been developed to overcome the non-ideal characteristics of the wireless channel and to improve the reliability of the wireless communication.
- OFDM orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
- MIMO multiple input multiple output
- a channel estimation is necessary to estimate an uplink channel or a downlink channel for data transmission / reception, system synchronization acquisition, channel information feedback, and the like.
- fading occurs due to a multipath time delay.
- the process of restoring the transmission signal by compensating for the distortion of the signal caused by a sudden environmental change due to fading is called channel estimation.
- channel estimation it is necessary to measure the channel state (channel state) for the cell to which the terminal belongs or other cells.
- a channel estimation is generally performed by using a reference signal (RS) that the transceiver knows from each other.
- RS reference signal
- a subcarrier used for transmitting a reference signal is called a reference signal subcarrier, and a resource element used for data transmission is called a data subcarrier.
- reference signals are allocated to all subcarriers and between data subcarriers.
- the method of allocating a reference signal to all subcarriers uses a signal consisting of only a reference signal, such as a preamble signal, in order to obtain a gain of channel estimation performance.
- a reference signal is generally high, channel estimation performance may be improved as compared with the method of allocating the reference signal between data subcarriers.
- a method of allocating reference signals between data subcarriers is used to increase the data transmission amount. In this method, since the density of the reference signal is reduced, degradation of channel estimation performance occurs, and an appropriate arrangement for minimizing this is required.
- the receiver can estimate the channel by dividing it from the received signal, and accurately estimate the data sent from the transmitter by compensating the estimated channel value.
- p is a reference signal transmitted from a transmitter
- h channel information experienced by the reference signal during transmission
- n thermal noise generated at a receiver
- y is a signal received at a receiver
- the channel estimate estimated using the reference signal p Is The accuracy depends on the value. Therefore, for accurate estimation of h value Must be converged to 0. To do this, a large number of reference signals are used to estimate the channel. Minimize the impact. There may be various algorithms for good channel estimation performance.
- UE positioning for estimating the position of a terminal has been recently used for various purposes in real life, and thus a more precise terminal positioning method is required.
- the terminal positioning technique is largely divided into two methods.
- GPS Global Positioning System
- Terrestrial positioning based method estimate the position of the terminal using the timing difference of the signal transmitted from the base stations. Signals must be received from at least three base stations, and the performance of location estimation is lower than that of GPS-based methods, but can be used in almost all environments.
- a reference signal is mainly used as a signal received from a base station, and according to a wireless communication system to be applied, an OTDOA (Observed Time Difference Of Arrival) in UTRAN (UMDO Terrestrial Radio Access Network) and an E- In the Observed Time Difference (OTD) and CDMA2000, the term may be defined in various terms such as Advanced Forward Link Trilateration (AFLT).
- OTDOA Observed Time Difference Of Arrival
- UTRAN UMDO Terrestrial Radio Access Network
- OTD E- In the Observed Time Difference
- CDMA2000 Code Division Multiple Access 2000
- the LCS RS may be used in the UE positioning technique.
- the LCS RS may include a synchronization signal.
- the UE may receive the LCS RS transmitted from each cell and use the difference in delay of each signal.
- the terminal may report the difference of the corresponding delay time to the base station so that the base station can calculate the position of the terminal or calculate the position by itself.
- each LCS RS transmitted from each cell should not collide with each other, thereby reducing interference between cells and obtaining a high SINR signal.
- a terminal receiving a service from a serving cell may receive interference from a neighbor cell.
- the terminal uses a first base station BS 1 as a serving cell.
- the neighboring cells other than the serving cell (BS 2, BS 3, BS 4, BS 5, BS 6, BS 7) all act as interference to the terminal, but the second neighbor BS (BS 2), which is the nearest neighbor cell, is strongest to the terminal.
- Interfere Such interference can have a great impact on the terminal, especially at the cell edge.
- the terminal When the terminal receives interference from the neighbor cell, the terminal cannot feed back accurate channel state information to the base station, and the efficiency of the system is reduced.
- In order to accurately measure the interference degree of the neighboring cell nothing may be mapped to the resource region where the reference signal of the neighboring cell is located (Null RE: Null Resource Element).
- FIG. 2 illustrates an interference relationship between a multi-sector mobile communication system and each sector. As shown in FIG. 1, the influence of interference may be applied even when one cell is divided into a plurality of sectors.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a method and apparatus for transmitting a reference signal in a wireless communication system.
- a method of transmitting a reference signal in a wireless communication system may include transmitting a first reference signal to a terminal by mapping a first reference signal to a resource region, and transmitting a second reference signal to the terminal by mapping a second reference signal to the resource region.
- Resource elements to which the first reference signal and the second reference signal are mapped are respectively occupied by two different elements among N elements constituting a Latin square matrix of size N * N. Characterized in that it is determined according to the index on the dustproof matrix.
- the frequency index k of the resource element to which the first reference signal or the second reference signal is mapped is a cell ID index considering the index of the cell ID or a reuse factor, and the first reference signal or the second reference signal is transmitted.
- Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol index of a resource element a function of an index of the cell ID or a function of the reuse coefficient, the number of OFDM symbols included in one subframe, and an index of a subblock constituting the resource region It may be determined based on at least one of.
- the OFDM symbol of the resource element to which the first reference signal or the second reference signal is mapped may be an OFDM symbol to which a CRS or a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) is not mapped.
- At least one column or row of the Latin square matrix may be permutated or cyclically shifted. The permutation or cyclic shift may be performed on one column or row of the Latin square matrix and performed on the other column or row.
- the resource region includes a plurality of N * N subblocks, and the resource elements to which the first reference signal and the second reference signal are mapped on each subblock are included in a Latin square matrix corresponding to each subblock. Can be determined accordingly.
- the Latin square matrix corresponding to each sub block may change in a frequency domain or a time domain.
- a receiver in a wireless communication system.
- the receiver includes a receiving circuit for receiving a radio signal including a reference signal, a channel estimator for estimating a channel using the reference signal, and a processor for processing the radio signal using the estimated channel.
- a channel estimator receives a plurality of reference signals mapped on a resource region from a plurality of base stations, estimates a location of a terminal using the received reference signals, and transmits the plurality of reference signals on the resource region.
- An element is determined according to an index on the Latin square matrix occupied by a different component among N elements forming a Latin square matrix having an N * N size.
- the frequency index k of the resource element to which the plurality of reference signals is mapped is an OFDM symbol of a cell ID index, a first reference signal or a second reference signal to which a cell ID index or a reuse factor is taken into consideration.
- the index may be determined based on at least one of a function of an index, a number of OFDM symbols included in one subframe, an index of a subblock constituting the resource region, an index of the cell ID, and a function of the reuse coefficient.
- Reference signals transmitted by each cell do not collide with each other or are transmitted by minimizing collision, thereby improving performance of channel estimation or terminal location measurement.
- 1 illustrates an interference relationship between a multi-cell mobile communication system and each cell.
- 3 is a wireless communication system.
- FIG. 5 shows an example of a resource grid for one downlink slot.
- FIG. 6 shows a structure of a downlink subframe.
- FIG 8 shows an example of a CRS structure when a base station uses one antenna.
- FIG 9 shows an example of a CRS structure when a base station uses two antennas.
- FIG. 10 shows an example of a CRS structure when the base station uses four antennas.
- FIG. 11 shows an example of a DRS structure in a normal CP.
- FIG. 12 shows an example of a DRS structure in an extended CP.
- FIG. 13 shows an example of a DRS pattern in one resource block of a subframe.
- FIG. 14 shows an example of a pattern of DRS according to a subframe type when the normal CP.
- 16 shows an example of a CSI RS pattern for supporting eight transmit antennas in an LTE-A system.
- 17 shows an example of an operation of a downlink OTDOA method among ground location based methods.
- 21 shows an example in which collision occurs when reception synchronization of LCS RSs transmitted from two cells is not matched.
- 25 shows an example of a reference signal structure for multi-antenna transmission.
- 26 and 27 show another example of a reference signal structure for multi-antenna transmission.
- 29 shows an example of a reference signal structure allocated to one subframe.
- 30 to 43 show another example of a reference signal structure allocated to one subframe.
- 44 is a block diagram illustrating a transmitter and a receiver in which an embodiment of the present invention is implemented.
- CDMA code division multiple access
- FDMA frequency division multiple access
- TDMA time division multiple access
- OFDMA orthogonal frequency division multiple access
- SC-FDMA single carrier frequency division multiple access
- CDMA may be implemented with a radio technology such as Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) or CDMA2000.
- TDMA may be implemented with wireless technologies such as Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) / General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) / Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE).
- GSM Global System for Mobile communications
- GPRS General Packet Radio Service
- EDGE Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution
- OFDMA may be implemented in a wireless technology such as IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802-20, Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA), or the like.
- IEEE 802.16m is an evolution of IEEE 802.16e and provides backward compatibility with systems based on IEEE 802.16e.
- UTRA is part of the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS).
- 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE) is part of Evolved UMTS (E-UMTS) using Evolved-UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA), which employs OFDMA in downlink and SC in uplink -FDMA is adopted.
- LTE-A Advanced
- 3GPP LTE Advanced
- 3 is a wireless communication system.
- the wireless communication system 10 includes at least one base station (BS) 11.
- Each base station 11 provides a communication service for a particular geographic area (generally called a cell) 15a, 15b, 15c.
- the cell can in turn be divided into a number of regions (called sectors).
- the UE 12 may be fixed or mobile, and may include a mobile station (MS), a mobile terminal (MT), a user terminal (UT), a subscriber station (SS), a wireless device, and a PDA. (Personal Digital Assistant), a wireless modem (wireless modem), a handheld device (handheld device) may be called other terms.
- the base station 11 generally refers to a fixed station communicating with the terminal 12, and may be referred to as other terms such as an evolved-NodeB (eNB), a base transceiver system (BTS), an access point, and the like. have.
- eNB evolved-NodeB
- BTS base transceiver system
- access point and the like. have.
- the UE belongs to one cell, and the cell to which the UE belongs is called a serving cell.
- a base station that provides a communication service for a serving cell is called a serving BS. Since the wireless communication system is a cellular system, there are other cells adjacent to the serving cell. Another cell adjacent to the serving cell is called a neighbor cell.
- a base station that provides communication service for a neighbor cell is called a neighbor BS.
- the serving cell and the neighbor cell are relatively determined based on the terminal.
- downlink means communication from the base station 11 to the terminal 12
- uplink means communication from the terminal 12 to the base station 11.
- the transmitter may be part of the base station 11 and the receiver may be part of the terminal 12.
- the transmitter may be part of the terminal 12 and the receiver may be part of the base station 11.
- 3GPP LTE shows a structure of a radio frame in 3GPP LTE. This is described in Section 5 of 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) TS 36.211 V8.2.0 (2008-03) "Technical Specification Group Radio Access Network; Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Physical channels and modulation (Release 8)". Reference may be made.
- 3GPP 3rd Generation Partnership Project
- a radio frame consists of 10 subframes, and one subframe consists of two slots. Slots in a radio frame are numbered with slots # 0 through # 19. The time taken for one subframe to be transmitted is called a Transmission Time Interval (TTI). TTI may be referred to as a scheduling unit for data transmission. For example, one radio frame may have a length of 10 ms, one subframe may have a length of 1 ms, and one slot may have a length of 0.5 ms.
- TTI Transmission Time Interval
- One slot includes a plurality of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols in the time domain and a plurality of subcarriers in the frequency domain.
- the OFDM symbol is used to represent one symbol period since 3GPP LTE uses OFDMA in downlink, and may be called a different name according to a multiple access scheme.
- SC-FDMA when SC-FDMA is used as an uplink multiple access scheme, it may be referred to as an SC-FDMA symbol.
- a resource block (RB) includes a plurality of consecutive subcarriers in one slot in resource allocation units.
- the structure of the radio frame is merely an example. Accordingly, the number of subframes included in the radio frame, the number of slots included in the subframe, or the number of OFDM symbols included in the slot may be variously changed.
- 3GPP LTE defines that one slot includes 7 OFDM symbols in a normal cyclic prefix (CP), and one slot includes 6 OFDM symbols in an extended CP. .
- CP normal cyclic prefix
- FIG. 5 shows an example of a resource grid for one downlink slot.
- the downlink slot includes a plurality of OFDM symbols in the time domain and N RB resource blocks in the frequency domain.
- the number N RB of resource blocks included in the downlink slot depends on the downlink transmission bandwidth set in the cell. For example, in the LTE system, N RB may be any one of 60 to 110.
- One resource block includes a plurality of subcarriers in the frequency domain.
- the structure of the uplink slot may also be the same as that of the downlink slot.
- Each element on the resource grid is called a resource element.
- an exemplary resource block includes 7 ⁇ 12 resource elements including 7 OFDM symbols in the time domain and 12 subcarriers in the frequency domain, but the number of OFDM symbols and the number of subcarriers in the resource block is equal to this. It is not limited. The number of OFDM symbols and the number of subcarriers can be variously changed according to the length of the CP, frequency spacing, and the like. For example, the number of OFDM symbols is 7 for a normal CP and the number of OFDM symbols is 6 for an extended CP. The number of subcarriers in one OFDM symbol may be selected and used among 128, 256, 512, 1024, 1536 and 2048.
- FIG. 6 shows a structure of a downlink subframe.
- the downlink subframe includes two slots in the time domain, and each slot includes seven OFDM symbols in the normal CP.
- the leading up to 3 OFDM symbols (up to 4 OFDM symbols for 1.4Mhz bandwidth) of the first slot in the subframe are the control regions to which control channels are allocated, and the remaining OFDM symbols are the PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel). Becomes the data area to be allocated.
- Downlink control channels used in 3GPP LTE include a Physical Control Format Indicator Channel (PCFICH), a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH), and a Physical Hybrid-ARQ Indicator Channel (PHICH).
- PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator Channel
- PDCH Physical Downlink Control Channel
- PHICH Physical Hybrid-ARQ Indicator Channel
- the PCFICH transmitted in the first OFDM symbol of the subframe carries information about the number of OFDM symbols (that is, the size of the control region) used for transmission of control channels in the subframe.
- the PHICH carries an ACK (Acknowledgement) / NACK (Not-Acknowledgement) signal for an uplink HARQ (Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request). That is, the ACK / NACK signal for the uplink data transmitted by the terminal is transmitted on the PHICH.
- Control information transmitted through the PDCCH is called downlink control information (DCI). DCI indicates uplink or downlink scheduling information and uplink transmission power control command for certain UE groups.
- DCI downlink control information
- the uplink subframe may be divided into a control region and a data region in the frequency domain.
- the control region is allocated a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) for transmitting uplink control information.
- the data region is allocated a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) for transmitting data.
- the UE does not simultaneously transmit the PUCCH and the PUSCH.
- the PUCCH of one UE is allocated by configuring an RB pair in a subframe. RBs included in the RB pair occupy different subcarriers of each slot. This is called that the RB pair allocated to the PUCCH is frequency-hopped at the slot boundary.
- Reference signals are generally transmitted in sequence.
- the reference signal sequence may use a PSK-based computer generated sequence.
- PSKs include binary phase shift keying (BPSK) and quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK).
- the reference signal sequence may use a constant amplitude zero auto-correlation (CAZAC) sequence.
- CAZAC sequences are ZC-based sequences, ZC sequences with cyclic extensions, ZC sequences with truncation, etc. There is this.
- the reference signal sequence may use a pseudo-random (PN) sequence.
- PN sequences include m-sequences, computer generated sequences, Gold sequences, and Kasami sequences.
- the reference signal sequence may use a cyclically shifted sequence.
- the reference signal may be classified into a cell-specific RS (CRS), an MBSFN reference signal, and a UE-specific RS.
- CRS is a reference signal transmitted to all terminals in a cell and used for channel estimation.
- MBSFN reference signal may be transmitted in a subframe allocated for MBSFN transmission.
- the UE-specific reference signal is a reference signal received by a specific terminal or a specific terminal group in a cell and may be referred to as a dedicated reference signal (DRS).
- DRS dedicated reference signal
- a specific terminal or a specific terminal group is mainly used for data demodulation.
- the CRS structure may be used to support the features of the LTE-A system. For example, it may be used to support features such as Coordinated Multi-Point (CoMP) transmission and reception scheme or spatial multiplexing.
- the CRS may be used for channel quality measurement, CP detection, time / frequency synchronization, and the like.
- 'R0' represents a reference signal for the first antenna
- 'R1' represents a reference signal for the second antenna
- 'R2' represents a reference signal for the third antenna
- 'R3' represents a reference signal for the fourth antenna.
- Positions in subframes of R0 to R3 do not overlap with each other.
- l is the position of the OFDM symbol in the slot l in the normal CP has a value between 0 and 6.
- a reference signal for each antenna is located at six subcarrier intervals.
- the number of R0 and the number of R1 in the subframe is the same, the number of R2 and the number of R3 is the same.
- the number of R2 and R3 in the subframe is less than the number of R0 and R1. Resource elements used for the reference signal of one antenna are not used for the reference signal of another antenna. This is to avoid interference between antennas.
- the CRS is always transmitted by the number of antennas regardless of the number of streams.
- the CRS has an independent reference signal for each antenna.
- the location of the frequency domain and the location of the time domain in the subframe of the CRS are determined regardless of the UE.
- the CRS sequence multiplied by the CRS is also generated regardless of the terminal. Therefore, all terminals in the cell can receive the CRS.
- the position and the CRS sequence in the subframe of the CRS may be determined according to the cell ID.
- the location in the time domain in the subframe of the CRS may be determined according to the number of the antenna and the number of OFDM symbols in the resource block.
- the location of the frequency domain in the subframe of the CRS may be determined according to the number of the antenna, the cell ID, the OFDM symbol index l, the slot number in the radio frame, and the like.
- the CRS sequence may be applied in units of OFDM symbols in one subframe.
- the CRS sequence may vary according to a cell ID, a slot number in one radio frame, an OFDM symbol index in a slot, a type of CP, and the like.
- the number of reference signal subcarriers for each antenna on one OFDM symbol is two.
- the number of reference signal subcarriers for each antenna on one OFDM symbol is 2 ⁇ N RB . Therefore, the length of the CRS sequence is 2 ⁇ N RB .
- Equation 2 shows an example of the CRS sequence r (m).
- 2N RB max is the number of resource blocks corresponding to the maximum bandwidth.
- 2N RB max is 110 in 3GPP LTE system.
- c (i) is a pseudo random sequence in a PN sequence and may be defined by a Gold sequence of length-31. Equation 3 shows an example of the gold sequence c (n).
- x 1 (i) is the first m-sequence and x 2 (i) is the second m-sequence.
- the first m-sequence or the second m-sequence may be initialized for each OFDM symbol according to a cell ID, a slot number in one radio frame, an OFDM symbol index in a slot, a type of CP, and the like.
- only a portion of the 2 ⁇ N RB length may be selected and used in a reference signal sequence generated with a 2 ⁇ 2N RB max length.
- CRS may be used for estimation of channel state information (CSI) in an LTE-A system.
- CSI channel state information
- a channel quality indicator (CQI) CQI
- PMI precoding matrix indicator
- RI rank indicator
- the UE-specific reference signal may be used for PDSCH demodulation in the LTE-A system. In this case, the PDSCH and the UE specific reference signal may follow the same precoding operation.
- FIG. 11 shows an example of a DRS structure in a normal CP.
- a subframe includes 14 OFDM symbols.
- 'R5' represents a reference signal of the antenna for transmitting the DRS.
- Reference subcarriers are positioned at four subcarrier intervals on one OFDM symbol including a reference symbol.
- 12 shows an example of a DRS structure in an extended CP. In the extended CP, a subframe includes 12 OFDM symbols. Reference signal subcarriers on one OFDM symbol are located at three subcarrier intervals. This may be referred to Section 6.10.3 of 3GPP TS 36.211 V8.2.0 (2008-03).
- the location of the frequency domain and the time domain within the subframe of the DRS may be determined according to a resource block allocated for PDSCH transmission.
- the DRS sequence may be determined according to the terminal ID, and only a specific terminal corresponding to the terminal ID may receive the DRS.
- the DRS sequence may also be obtained by Equations 2 and 3 above. However, m in Equation 2 is determined by N RB PDSCH .
- N RB PDSCH is the number of resource blocks corresponding to a bandwidth corresponding to PDSCH transmission.
- the length of the DRS sequence may vary depending on the N RB PDSCH . That is, the length of the DRS sequence may vary according to the amount of data allocated to the terminal.
- the first m-sequence (x 1 (i)) or the second m-sequence (x 2 (i)) of Equation 2 is a cell ID, a position of a subframe in one radio frame, a terminal ID, and the like every subframe. Can be initialized accordingly.
- the DRS sequence may be generated for each subframe and applied in units of OFDM symbols.
- the number of reference signal subcarriers per resource block is 12 and the number of resource blocks is N RB PDSCH .
- the total number of reference signal subcarriers is 12 x N RB PDSCH . Therefore, the length of the DRS sequence is 12 ⁇ N RB PDSCH .
- m is 0, 1, ..., 12N RB PDSCH -1.
- DRS sequences are mapped to reference symbols in order. First, the DRS sequence is mapped to a reference symbol in ascending order of subcarrier indexes in one OFDM symbol and then to the next OFDM symbol.
- the CRS may be used simultaneously with the DRS.
- the receiver may reduce interference of a reference signal received from an adjacent cell, thereby improving performance of channel estimation.
- the predefined sequence may be any one of a PN sequence, an m-sequence, a Walsh hadamard sequence, a ZC sequence, a GCL sequence, a CAZAC sequence, and the like.
- the predefined sequence may be applied in units of OFDM symbols in one subframe, and another sequence may be applied according to a cell ID, a subframe number, an OFDM symbol position, a terminal ID, and the like.
- data can be recovered only by distinguishing reference signals for each antenna.
- a multiplexing scheme such as frequency division multiplexing (FDM), time division multiplexing (TDM), or code division multiplexing (CDM) may be used.
- FDM frequency division multiplexing
- TDM time division multiplexing
- CDM code division multiplexing
- the reference signal for each antenna can be transmitted separately in the frequency domain.
- the TDM a reference signal for each antenna may be transmitted separately in the time domain.
- CDM a different sequence may be used for the reference signal for each antenna and transmitted.
- reference symbols for each antenna do not overlap.
- resource elements used for transmission of reference signals for each antenna may overlap. Therefore, when using the CDM, a plurality of streams can be transmitted without changing the DRS structure.
- a DRS-based downlink transmission method may be used in the LTE-A system. Since the CRS-based downlink transmission method must transmit a reference signal for all physical antenna ports at all times, the burden on the system may be high. In the DRS-based downlink transmission method, since only a virtual antenna port needs a reference signal, overhead of the reference signal can be reduced. The number of virtual antenna ports is less than or equal to the number of physical antenna ports.
- the DRS may be used only for demodulation purposes, and other reference signals may be transmitted for use for measurement purposes.
- the CSI RS for channel state measurement can be transmitted at a predetermined period, so that the reference signal overhead can be minimized if the transmission period of the CSI RS is long enough.
- FIG. 13 shows an example of a DRS pattern in one resource block of a subframe.
- two CDM groups C, D
- the first CDM group C occupies the first, sixth and eleventh subcarriers of the resource block
- the second CDM group D occupies the second, seventh and twelfth subcarriers of the resource block.
- Two layers may be multiplexed in each CDM group to multiplex up to four layers. 2 * 2 Walsh spreading or 4 * 4 Walsh spreading may be used for the multiplexing of the CDM.
- 14 shows an example of a pattern of DRS according to a subframe type when the normal CP.
- the CSI RS In order to feed back the CSI to the base station, the CSI RS should be transmitted so that the UE can measure the downlink CSI like the DRS.
- CSI is transmitted every 5 ms.
- the period during which the CSI is transmitted may be larger or smaller than 5 ms.
- FIG. 16 shows an example of a CSI RS pattern for supporting eight transmit antennas in an LTE-A system.
- the CSI RS may be allocated to the PDSCH region and transmitted.
- the CSI RSs of the eight transmit antennas of cell # 0 are mapped to the 4th OFDM symbol and the 11th OFDM symbol.
- the CSI RS of each transmit antenna is mapped at intervals of six subcarriers in the frequency domain.
- FIG. 16- (b) the CSI RSs of the eight transmit antennas of cell # 0 are mapped to the 10th to 11th OFDM symbols.
- the CSI RS of each transmit antenna is mapped at intervals of six subcarriers in the frequency domain.
- FIG. 16- (a) the CSI RSs of the eight transmit antennas of cell # 0 are mapped to the 4th OFDM symbol and the 11th OFDM symbol.
- the CSI RS of each transmit antenna is mapped at intervals of six subcarriers in the frequency domain.
- the CSI RSs of the eight transmit antennas of the cell # 0 form a group and multiplexed by the CDM scheme.
- the CSI RSs of the antenna ports 0 to 3 are multiplexed by the CDM scheme and mapped to the third subcarrier and the ninth subcarrier and transmitted.
- the CSI RSs of the antenna ports 4 to 7 are also multiplexed by the CDM scheme, and are mapped to the 3rd and 9th subcarriers and transmitted.
- the terminal measures a reference clock based on a subframe transmitted from a serving cell currently receiving a service.
- a subframe is received from a second neighbor cell 2 at a time that is equal to TDOA 2 from the reference time.
- a subframe is received from a first neighbor cell 1 at a time elapsed by TDOA 1 longer than the TDOA 2 from the reference time.
- the position of the UE can be estimated by the difference between the signals transmitted from the serving cell and the neighbor cell.
- TODA arrival time difference
- FIG. 18 shows another example of an operation of a downlink OTDOA method among ground location based methods.
- the position of the terminal can be estimated by solving a linearized equation using Taylor series expansion. This is [Y. Chan and K. Ho, “A simple and efficient estimator for hyperbolic location,” IEEE Trans. Signal Processing, vol. 42, pp. 1905-1915, Aug. 1994].
- the terminal may estimate a location using a reference signal transmitted by the base station.
- the reference signal may be any one of a CRS, a first synchronization signal (PSS), or a second synchronization signal (SSS), but it is difficult to increase the position estimation performance using only such a signal. Therefore, there is a need for a location service (LCS) RS used to estimate the location of the terminal.
- LCS location service
- the horizontal direction may be an OFDM symbol index in the time domain and the vertical direction may be a subcarrier index in the frequency domain.
- the first OFDM symbol and the second OFDM symbol are used as control channels such as PCFICH, PHICH, and PDCCH.
- the LCS RS is allocated diagonally on the resource region from the third OFDM symbol. If the resource element to which the LCS RS is allocated and the resource element to which the CRS is allocated overlap, the LCS RS may be punctured. Since the LCS RSs are transmitted in a diagonal direction, the LCS RSs can be spread evenly in the time domain and the frequency domain. Therefore, when all LCS RSs are combined in one subframe, LCS RSs may be transmitted in all resource elements. The LCS RS may be transmitted only in a certain resource unit or may be transmitted over the entire band.
- the neighbor cell may transmit the LCS RS by cyclically shifting the LCS RS structure of FIG. 17 along the frequency axis.
- the LCS RS is transmitted from the two cells to the terminal, when the LCS RS transmitted from the two cells is completely synchronized and received, the collision between the cells does not occur and accurate position estimation may be performed.
- FIG. 20 shows another example of an LCS RS structure. This example shows a case of an extended CP.
- the horizontal direction may be an OFDM symbol index in the time domain and the vertical direction may be a subcarrier index in the frequency domain.
- the first OFDM symbol and the second OFDM symbol are used as control channels such as PCFICH, PHICH, and PDCCH.
- the LCS RS is allocated diagonally on the resource region from the third OFDM symbol.
- the LCS RS may be omitted when the resource element to which the LCS RS is allocated and the resource element to which the CRS is allocated overlap.
- the error of the terminal position estimation is proportional to the bandwidth occupied by the transmitted signal. That is, the larger the bandwidth, the smaller the error of the terminal position estimation.
- the UE may not properly receive a signal transmitted by the neighbor cell due to the strong transmission power of the serving cell. This is because the ADC level is determined based on the serving cell, and signals transmitted from adjacent cells are received at a lower level than the corresponding ADC level, thereby making it impossible to distinguish a signal.
- IDL Periods in Downlink may be applied to downlink of the serving cell.
- the IPDL means a predetermined time for stopping transmission of at least one or more of all channels of the serving cell.
- one slot (about 667 us) may be allocated to the IPDL every 100 ms. Since there is no signal of the serving cell during the IPDL, the terminal may receive signals of neighbor cells by setting the ADC level based on the signals received from the neighbor cells. In addition, the reference signal transmitted from the serving cell can be received more accurately due to the IPDL assigned to the neighbor cell.
- the conventional CRS, DRS, and synchronization signals cannot be turned off for other terminals at random, and thus, when the position of the terminal is estimated using this, degradation of position estimation performance cannot be avoided.
- FIG. 21 shows an example in which collision occurs when reception synchronization of LCS RSs transmitted from two cells is not matched.
- LCS RSs When the LCS RSs are transmitted in a diagonal direction in the resource area, there is a risk of collision for all LCS RSs if the reception synchronization of the LCS RSs transmitted in the two cells is not matched.
- a subframe of Cell B is transmitted by 1 OFDM symbol late with respect to the subframe of Cell A.
- FIG. When the subframe transmitted from the cell A and the subframe transmitted from the cell B are synchronized, the UE may receive both LCS RSs transmitted from both cells, but as shown in FIG. Since the LCS RSs are overlapped, it is difficult to accurately estimate the position of the terminal. This problem is commonly applied not only to LCS RS but also to a general reference signal or a reference signal of CoMP (Cooperative Multi-Point) transmission.
- CoMP Cooperative Multi-Point
- the proposed reference signal transmission method will be described. According to the proposed invention, even if the LCS RSs transmitted from a plurality of cells are not synchronized with the reception, a structure of the LCS RS which minimizes collision between LCS RSs may be proposed.
- the present invention can be applied to all reference signals such as CRS, DRS, CSI (Channel State Information) RS, CoMP RS, sounding RS, as well as LCS RS.
- the single antenna transmission is a method in which not only one antenna is physically present but also a plurality of antennas are virtualized and recognized as one antenna, for example, a small delay CDD, PVS, and antenna switching are applied. It also includes the case.
- the proposed invention can be extended to reference signals for multi-antenna transmission.
- step S100 the first base station transmits a first reference signal to the terminal
- step S110 the second base station transmits a second reference signal to the terminal.
- the first reference signal may be transmitted in a first reference signal structure according to a time domain and a frequency domain on a resource domain.
- the second reference signal may be transmitted in a second reference signal structure according to a time domain and a frequency domain on a resource domain.
- the first reference signal structure and the second reference signal structure may be represented as part of a two-dimensional matrix having a time domain and a frequency domain as dimensions.
- the row index of the 2D matrix may be all or part of the frequency index
- the column index of the 2D matrix may be all or part of the OFM symbol index.
- the row index and the column index may be reversed, respectively.
- the 2D matrix may have a form of Latin square.
- n! (N-1)! L n different Latin vibrations can be obtained by exchanging rows and columns with each other in l n standard dusts.
- Equation 4 shows an example of the fourth-order Latin dust.
- Equation 5 shows another example of the fourth-order Latin dust.
- the magnitude of the Latin square may be determined as N * N.
- any Np can be determined.
- the Np may be N.
- Np may be an integer less than N or an integer greater than N.
- Np may be the largest prime number less than N or the smallest prime number greater than N.
- the frequency index k may be determined by Equation 6.
- m may be an antenna port index.
- m may be exclusively designated for each cell and antenna.
- k may be determined as a value that modulo-operates some linear expression to an arbitrary value Np.
- the modulo operation mod (a, b) is the remainder of a divided by b.
- the frequency index k may be determined by Equation 7.
- Equation 6 or 7 a may correspond to the slope of ab + c, d may be any integer.
- the slope may be a function of cell ID or a reuse factor.
- Equation 8 the frequency index k may be determined by Equation 8. This represents the case where Equation 6 or Equation 7 is applied to the LTE or LTE-A system.
- N sym may be the number of OFDM symbols in one subframe
- N subblock may be the number of N * N size matrices within a specific range.
- the index n subblock of the subblock may be the index n SF of the subframe.
- n SF may have the same value for all subframes, but it is assumed herein to have a different value.
- the cell ID may be a reused cell ID.
- N 4 (reuse factor 4)
- a reference signal is allocated to each cell by applying the proposed invention.
- Equation 9 shows an example of a two-dimensional matrix to which the proposed invention is applied.
- a row in the matrix of Equation 9 may represent a frequency index.
- the column may represent an OFDM symbol index.
- Each element constituting the matrix may be a cell ID or part of a cell ID.
- each element may be mod (cell ID, N reuse ) or mod (cell ID, N).
- mod (cell ID, N) mod (cell ID, N).
- the element transmits a reference signal.
- the subframe transmitted in cell 0 and the subframe transmitted in cell 1 are transmitted in synchronization with the UE. Since the first reference signal transmitted from the cell 0 and the second reference signal transmitted from the cell 1 are transmitted by performing the Latin vibration as described above, the first reference signal and the second reference signal do not collide with each other.
- FIG. 24 shows another example in which reference signals are transmitted in two cells by the proposed reference signal transmission method.
- the subframe transmitted in cell 0 and the subframe transmitted in cell 1 are transmitted shifted by 1 OFDM symbol.
- the first reference signal transmitted from the cell 0 and the second reference signal transmitted from the cell 1 collide only once. This is because the first reference signal and the second reference signal are transmitted with a latin vibration suppression. Accordingly, since collision between reference signals is minimized, the terminal may receive a large number of reference signals and perform channel estimation with excellent performance or perform position estimation of the terminal.
- a new matrix may be generated by permutating or circular shifting one or more rows or columns in the generated matrix by applying the proposed method. Permutation or cyclic shift can be performed on any one column or row and for the remaining columns and rows. Accordingly, (N-1)! New matrices may be generated. Each cell may arrange and transmit a reference signal according to the generated new matrix.
- Equation 10 shows another example of the two-dimensional matrix to which the proposed invention is applied.
- the matrix of Equation 10 is a form in which the second and third columns of the matrix of Equation 9 are exchanged with each other.
- Equation 11 shows another example of a two-dimensional matrix to which the proposed invention is applied.
- the matrix of Equation 11 is a matrix generated by fixing the first column in the matrix of Equation 9 and shifting the remaining columns by 1 to the left.
- Equation 12 shows another example of the two-dimensional matrix to which the proposed invention is applied.
- the matrix of Equation 12 is a 4 * 8 matrix in which the matrix of Equation 9 and the matrix generated by adding four to each element constituting the matrix of Equation 11 are added.
- a reference signal structure having a reuse factor of 4 may be extended to a reference signal structure having a reuse factor of 8.
- Equation 13 shows another example of the two-dimensional matrix to which the proposed invention is applied.
- the matrix of Equation 13 is a matrix generated by cyclically shifting each row of the matrix of Equation 9 by one.
- Equation 14 shows another example of the two-dimensional matrix to which the proposed invention is applied.
- the matrix of Equation 14 is a 4 * 8 matrix in which the matrix of Equation 9 and the matrix generated by adding 4 to each element constituting the matrix of Equation 13 are added.
- a reference signal structure having a reuse factor of 4 may be extended to a reference signal structure having a reuse factor of 8.
- Equation 15 shows another example of the two-dimensional matrix to which the proposed invention is applied.
- Equation 16 shows another example of the two-dimensional matrix to which the proposed invention is applied.
- the matrix of Equation 16 is a matrix generated by puncturing an element having a value other than 0 to 7 in the matrix of Equation 15.
- a signal may not be received or other data or another type of reference signal may be received.
- N + 1 is not a prime number
- modulo operations on matrix elements within a range of 0 to N-1 may be performed to form N * N-sized Latin squares.
- a new matrix can be constructed using specific rows and columns.
- Equation 17 shows an example of a 10 * 10 sized Latin square matrix.
- An 8 * 8 Latin square matrix may be generated from the 10 * 10 matrix of Equation 17 above.
- a new matrix can be created using the ninth row and the ninth column. That is, a new matrix can be generated by modulo operation on the sum N of the corresponding elements.
- Equation 18 is an 8 * 8 matrix generated based on Equation 17.
- the element (i, j) is determined by mod (a (8, i) + a (j, 8), 8).
- the matrix can be generated using a combination of the ninth row and the ninth column as described above, or the ninth row-10th column, the 10th row-9th column, and the 10th row-
- the matrix may be generated using any combination of the tenth columns.
- a reference signal for multi-antenna transmission is generally referred to as frequency division multiplexing (FDM) / time division multiplexing (TDM) / code division multiplexing (CDM / Code division multiplexing).
- FDM frequency division multiplexing
- TDM time division multiplexing
- CDM code division multiplexing
- the above-described reference signal structure for single antenna transmission can be used as it is. That is, a number representing each element of the matrix may represent an index for the cell ID.
- Equation 25 shows an example of a reference signal structure for multi-antenna transmission. This is a reference signal structure to which Equation 20 is applied.
- the reference signal structure can be extended to larger bandwidths or larger symbol numbers.
- the generated matrix can be repeated or extended to different patterns by using a subblock index.
- 26 shows another example of a reference signal structure for multi-antenna transmission. This represents a case of 18 subcarriers * 12 symbols, and may consist of 6 subblocks of 6 * 6 size. Referring to FIG. 26, the 6 * 6 size reference signal structure of FIG. 19 is repeatedly allocated. At this time, the subblock index is not considered.
- each subblock may have different subblock indexes.
- Equation 21 is a case where subblock index 1 is applied to the matrix of Equation 20.
- Equation 22 is a case where subblock index 2 is applied to the matrix of Equation 20.
- Equation 23 is a case where subblock index 3 is applied to the matrix of Equation 20.
- Equation 24 is a case where subblock index 4 is applied to the matrix of Equation 20 above.
- Equation 25 is a case where the subblock index 5 is applied to the matrix of Equation 20.
- FIG. 27 shows another example of a reference signal structure for multi-antenna transmission.
- reference signals are arranged by applying the matrixes of Equations 20 to 25 to respective subblocks.
- a reference signal is transmitted in the entire subframe, and this reference signal structure may be applied to an LCS RS, a CoMP RS, and a DRS when the number of antennas is eight.
- the subframe may be a multimedia broadcast multicast service single frequency network (MBSFN) subframe.
- MMSFN multimedia broadcast multicast service single frequency network
- the reference signal transmitted by the proposed method may be transmitted except for the OFDM symbol in which the CRS and the control channel are transmitted.
- the control channel occupies the first OFDM symbol and the second OFDM symbol.
- CRS represents the CRS for antenna ports 0 and 1.
- the reference signal transmitted by the proposed method may be transmitted except for the OFDM symbol in which the CRS and the control channel are transmitted.
- the control channel occupies the first to third OFDM symbols.
- CRS represents the CRS for antenna ports 0 and 1.
- the reference signal transmitted by the proposed method may be transmitted except for the part where the CRS and the control channel are transmitted.
- CRS represents the CRS for antenna ports 0-3.
- step S120 the UE estimates a channel or estimates a position using the first reference signal and the second reference signal.
- Each column or row of the Latin square matrix generated by the proposed invention can be allocated to each cell and / or antenna port to transmit a reference signal.
- matrix elements can be mapped to antenna ports within each column or row.
- matrix elements 0 to 3 may be mapped to antenna ports 0 to 3 of cell # 0
- matrix elements 4 to 7 may be mapped to antenna ports 0 to 3 of cell # 1, respectively.
- the reference signal is a CSI RS for convenience of description, but is not limited thereto.
- the pattern in which the CSI RS is mapped to a resource region may be defined based on a cell ID or a part of the cell ID, or may be signaled from a base station or an upper layer. Further, the following embodiment is based on the 12 * 12 Latin square matrix of Equation 19, but in a different Latin square matrix or other kinds of matrixes, for example, a Costas Array-based matrix or a diagonal pattern. The same can be applied.
- CSI RS between each cell is multiplexed by the FDM scheme and CSI RS between the antenna ports by the FDM / TDM scheme, and some antenna ports may reuse the CSI RS pattern in OFDM symbol units.
- 38 shows another example of a reference signal structure allocated to one subframe.
- the CSI RS of the ninth OFDM symbol is based on the first column of Equation 19 above.
- matrix elements 0 to 3 are respectively antenna ports 0 to 3 of cell C0
- matrix elements 4 to 7 are respectively antenna ports 0 to 3 of cell C1
- matrix elements 8 to 12 are respectively. It is mapped to antenna ports 0 to 3 of cell C2.
- a pattern mapped to antenna ports 4 to 7 of each cell C0, C1, and C2 is the same as a pattern mapped to antenna ports 0 to 3 of a corresponding cell.
- the CSI RS of the ninth OFDM symbol is mapped based on the second column of Equation 19 above.
- matrix elements 0 to 3 are respectively antenna ports 0 to 3 of cell C3
- matrix elements 4 to 7 are respectively antenna ports 0 to 3 of cell 4
- matrix elements 8 to 12 are respectively.
- a pattern mapped to antenna ports 4 to 7 of each cell C3, C4, and C5 is the same as a pattern mapped to antenna ports 0 to 3 of a corresponding cell.
- the CSI RS of the ninth OFDM symbol is based on the third column of Equation 19 above.
- matrix elements 0 to 3 are respectively antenna ports 0 to 3 of cell C6, matrix elements 4 to 7 are antenna ports 0 to 3 of cell 7, respectively, and matrix elements 8 to 12 are respectively. It is mapped to antenna ports 0 to 3 of cell C8.
- a pattern mapped to antenna ports 4 to 7 of each cell C6, C7, and C8 is the same as a pattern mapped to antenna ports 0 to 3 of the corresponding cell.
- a reference signal pattern for three cells of each column of the matrix of Equation 19 may be generated.
- the reference signal pattern generated in this way forms part of an orthogonal pattern, and part of the reference signal pattern forms a quasi-orthogonal pattern.
- Three reference signal patterns generated in each column of the matrix form orthogonal patterns.
- Reference signal patterns generated between the columns of the matrix form a quasi-orthogonal pattern.
- CSI RS of antenna port 2 of cell C0 and CSI RS of antenna port 0 of cell C6 and CSI RS of antenna port 6 of cell C0 and antenna port 4 of cell C6 in the third subcarrier CSI RS crashes. That is, the probability of collision in terms of collision between CSI RSs between cells is reduced from 1 (8/8) to 0.25 (2/4).
- the CSI RS when the CSI RS is mapped to two or more resource blocks and transmitted, OFDM symbols in which the CSI RSs of the antenna ports 0 to 3 and the CSI RSs of the antenna ports 4 to 7 are transmitted in order to transmit power with equal power for each antenna port are transmitted. Can be exchanged and sent.
- the first PRB is transmitted as shown in FIG. 39- (a)
- the CSI RSs of antenna ports 4 to 7 are the 9th OFDM symbols
- antenna ports 0 to A CSI RS of 3 may be transmitted in the 10th OFDM symbol.
- the CSI RS can be configured at a desired position at a radio frame, subframe, slot, or OFDM symbol level
- the CSI RS may be multiplexed in a TDM scheme.
- different cells may use different time resources.
- 36 may be combined with multiplexing of the TDM scheme.
- the CSI RS is mapped to the ninth OFDM symbol and the tenth OFDM symbol, but an independent pattern may be applied to each OFDM symbol.
- the CSI RSs between cells are multiplexed by the FDM scheme and the CSI RSs between the antenna ports by the FDM / TDM scheme, and different patterns may be applied in units of OFDM symbols. That is, a reference signal pattern may be formed by applying different columns or rows in the Latin square matrix. In this case, the reference signal pattern mapped to the second OFDM symbol may be based on a column of the latin dustproof matrix having a constant offset value in the column of the latin dustproof matrix used by the reference signal pattern mapped to the first OFDM symbol. have.
- the offset value when the offset value is 1, when the index of the column of the matrix used by the reference signal pattern mapped to the first OFDM symbol is m, the index of the column of the matrix used by the reference signal pattern mapped to the second OFDM symbol is m. (m + 1) may be mod 12.
- the CSI RS of the ninth OFDM symbol is based on the first column of Equation 19 above.
- matrix elements 0 to 3 are respectively antenna ports 0 to 3 of cell C0
- matrix elements 4 to 7 are respectively antenna ports 0 to 3 of cell C1
- matrix elements 8 to 12 are respectively. It is mapped to antenna ports 0 to 3 of cell C2.
- a pattern mapped to antenna ports 4 to 7 of each cell C0, C1, and C2 is the same as a pattern mapped to antenna ports 0 to 3 of a corresponding cell.
- the CSI RS of the 10th OFDM symbol is based on the second column of Equation 19 above.
- matrix elements 0 to 3 are respectively antenna ports 4 to 7 of cell C0
- matrix elements 4 to 7 are respectively to antenna ports 4 to 7 of cell C1
- matrix elements 8 to 12 are respectively. Mapped to antenna ports 4-7 of cell C2.
- the CSI RS of the ninth OFDM symbol is based on the second column of Equation 19
- the CSI RS of the tenth OFDM symbol is based on the third column of Equation 19.
- FIG. 39- (b) the CSI RS of the ninth OFDM symbol is based on the second column of Equation 19
- the CSI RS of the tenth OFDM symbol is based on the third column of Equation 19.
- the CSI RS of the ninth OFDM symbol is based on the third column of Equation 19
- the CSI RS of the tenth OFDM symbol is based on the fourth column of Equation 19.
- Three reference signal patterns generated in each column of the matrix form orthogonal patterns.
- Reference signal patterns generated between the columns of the matrix form a quasi-orthogonal pattern.
- the CSI RSs between cells are multiplexed by the FDM scheme and the CSI RSs between the antenna ports by the FDM / TDM / CDM scheme, and different patterns may be applied in units of OFDM symbols.
- FDM / CDM multiplexing is applied to CSI RS between antenna ports, assuming that spreading factor (SF) is 2, two antenna ports may be multiplexed by CDM. The remaining antenna ports can then be multiplexed with the FDM scheme.
- antenna ports 0 and 4, 1 and 5, 2 and 6, 3 and 7 may be multiplexed with each other by CDM, and the others may be multiplexed by FDM.
- Walsh code used by antenna ports 0 to 3 may be [1 1]
- Walsh code used by antenna ports 4 to 7 may be [1 -1].
- FIG. 40- (a) shows another example of a reference signal structure allocated to one subframe.
- the CSI RSs of the 9th OFDM symbol and the 10th OFDM are based on the first column of Equation 19 above.
- matrix elements 0 to 3 are respectively antenna ports 0 to 7 of cell C0
- matrix elements 4 to 7 are respectively antenna ports 0 to 7 of cell C1
- matrix elements 8 to 12 are respectively Maps to antenna ports 0-7 of cell C2.
- Antenna ports 0 and 4, 1 and 5, 2 and 6, 3 and 7 are multiplexed by CDM.
- the CSI RSs of the 9th OFDM symbol and the 10th OFDM symbol are based on the second column of Equation 19 above.
- FIG. 40- (b) the CSI RSs of the 9th OFDM symbol and the 10th OFDM symbol are based on the second column of Equation 19 above.
- the CSI RSs of the 9th OFDM symbol and the 10th OFDM symbol are based on the third column of Equation 19 above.
- Three reference signal patterns generated in each column of the matrix form orthogonal patterns.
- Reference signal patterns generated between the columns of the matrix form a quasi-orthogonal pattern.
- CSI RS between each cell and each antenna port is multiplexed by FDM, and only the arrangement of antenna ports may form a quasi-orthogonal pattern.
- various forms of Latin square matrices can be used.
- a reference signal pattern may be configured based on the 4 * 4 Latin square matrix of Equation (9).
- FIG. 41 shows another example of a reference signal structure allocated to one subframe.
- the CSI RSs of the 9th OFDM symbol and the 10th OFDM are based on the first column of Equation (9).
- matrix elements 0 to 3 are mapped to antenna ports 0 to 3 of cells C0, C1, and C2, respectively.
- the CSI RSs of the 9th OFDM symbol and the 10th OFDM symbol are based on the second column of Equation 9 above.
- FIG. 41- (c) the CSI RSs of the 9th OFDM symbol and the 10th OFDM symbol are based on the third column of Equation 9 above.
- FIG. 41- (a) the CSI RSs of the 9th OFDM symbol and the 10th OFDM are based on the first column of Equation (9).
- matrix elements 0 to 3 are mapped to antenna ports 0 to 3 of cells C0, C1, and C2, respectively.
- the CSI RSs of the 9th OFDM symbol and the 10th OFDM symbol are based on
- the antenna ports are multiplexed with the FDM scheme, but multiplexing is possible with the CDM scheme as shown in FIG. 40.
- the pattern of the CSI RS of the antenna ports 4-7 may follow the pattern of the CSI RS of the antenna ports 0-3.
- the CSI RS between each antenna port may be multiplexed by the FDM / CDM scheme, and only a cell arrangement may form a quasi-orthogonal pattern.
- Multiplexing between cells or between antenna ports can be performed using a diagonal matrix as a Latin square matrix.
- Equation 26 is an example of a diagonal matrix having a size of 12 * 12.
- the CSI RS of the ninth OFDM symbol is based on the first column of Equation 26.
- matrix elements 0 to 3 are respectively antenna ports 0 to 3 of cell C0
- matrix elements 4 to 7 are respectively antenna ports 0 to 3 of cell C1
- matrix elements 8 to 12 are respectively. It is mapped to antenna ports 0 to 3 of cell C2.
- a pattern mapped to antenna ports 4 to 7 of each cell C0, C1, and C2 is the same as a pattern mapped to antenna ports 0 to 3 of a corresponding cell.
- the CSI RS of the ninth OFDM symbol is mapped based on the second column of Equation 26.
- matrix elements 0 to 3 are respectively antenna ports 0 to 3 of cell C3, matrix elements 4 to 7 are respectively antenna ports 0 to 3 of cell 4, and matrix elements 8 to 12 are respectively.
- a pattern mapped to antenna ports 4 to 7 of each cell C3, C4, and C5 is the same as a pattern mapped to antenna ports 0 to 3 of a corresponding cell.
- the CSI RS of the ninth OFDM symbol is based on the third column of Equation 26.
- matrix elements 0 to 3 are respectively antenna ports 0 to 3 of cell C6, matrix elements 4 to 7 are antenna ports 0 to 3 of cell 7, respectively, and matrix elements 8 to 12 are respectively. It is mapped to antenna ports 0 to 3 of cell C8.
- a pattern mapped to antenna ports 4 to 7 of each cell C6, C7, and C8 is the same as a pattern mapped to antenna ports 0 to 3 of the corresponding cell.
- the column may be selected and used at intervals of two spaces in Equation 26.
- the CSI RS of the ninth OFDM symbol is based on the first column of Equation 26 above.
- matrix elements 0 to 3 are respectively antenna ports 0 to 3 of cell C0
- matrix elements 4 to 7 are respectively antenna ports 0 to 3 of cell C1
- matrix elements 8 to 12 are respectively. It is mapped to antenna ports 0 to 3 of cell C2.
- a pattern mapped to antenna ports 4 to 7 of each cell C0, C1, and C2 is the same as a pattern mapped to antenna ports 0 to 3 of a corresponding cell.
- the CSI RS of the ninth OFDM symbol is mapped based on the third column of Equation 26.
- matrix elements 0 to 3 are respectively antenna ports 0 to 3 of cell C3
- matrix elements 4 to 7 are respectively antenna ports 0 to 3 of cell 4
- matrix elements 8 to 12 are respectively.
- a pattern mapped to antenna ports 4 to 7 of each cell C3, C4, and C5 is the same as a pattern mapped to antenna ports 0 to 3 of a corresponding cell.
- the CSI RS of the ninth OFDM symbol is based on the fifth column of Equation 26.
- matrix elements 0 to 3 are respectively antenna ports 0 to 3 of cell C6, matrix elements 4 to 7 are antenna ports 0 to 3 of cell 7, respectively, and matrix elements 8 to 12 are respectively. It is mapped to antenna ports 0 to 3 of cell C8.
- a pattern mapped to antenna ports 4 to 7 of each cell C6, C7, and C8 is the same as a pattern mapped to antenna ports 0 to 3 of the corresponding cell.
- 44 is a block diagram illustrating a transmitter and a receiver in which an embodiment of the present invention is implemented.
- the transmitter 200 includes a reference signal generating unit 210, a reference signal mapper 220, and a transmit circuitry 230.
- the reference signal generator 210 and the reference signal mapper 220 implement the proposed functions, processes, and / or methods.
- the reference signal generator 210 generates a reference signal.
- the reference signal mapper 220 maps the reference signal to the resource region based on the Latin square matrix generated by the proposed method.
- the transmitting circuit 230 transmits and / or receives a radio signal including a reference signal.
- the receiver 300 includes a processor 310, a channel estimator 320, and a receive circuitry 330.
- the processor 310 and the channel estimator 320 implement the proposed functions, processes, and / or methods.
- the receiving circuit 330 transmits and / or receives a radio signal including a reference signal.
- the channel estimator 320 receives a plurality of reference signals mapped on the resource region from the plurality of base stations, and estimates the position of the terminal using the received reference signals.
- the resource element through which the plurality of reference signals are transmitted on the resource region is determined according to an index on the latin dustproof matrix occupied by a different component among N elements constituting a N * N-sized latin dustproof matrix. do.
- the processor 310 processes the radio signal using the estimated channel.
- the invention can be implemented in hardware, software or a combination thereof.
- an application specific integrated circuit ASIC
- DSP digital signal processing
- PLD programmable logic device
- FPGA field programmable gate array
- the module may be implemented as a module that performs the above-described function.
- the software may be stored in a memory unit and executed by a processor.
- the memory unit or processor may employ various means well known to those skilled in the art.
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Abstract
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Claims (13)
- 무선 통신 시스템에서 참조 신호 전송 방법에 있어서,제1 기지국은 제1 참조 신호를 자원 영역에 맵핑하여 단말로 전송하고,제2 기지국은 제2 참조 신호를 상기 자원 영역에 맵핑하여 상기 단말로 전송하는 것을 포함하되,상기 자원 영역 상에서 상기 제1 참조 신호와 제2 참조 신호가 맵핑되는 자원 요소는 N*N 크기의 라틴 방진(Latin square) 행렬을 구성하는 N개의 구성 요소(element) 중 서로 다른 2개의 구성 요소가 각각 차지하는 상기 라틴 방진 행렬 상의 인덱스에 따라 결정되는 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 제1 참조 신호 또는 제2 참조 신호가 맵핑되는 자원 요소의 주파수 인덱스 k는 아래의 수학식에 의해 결정되는 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.단, m은 셀 ID의 인덱스 또는 재사용 계수(reuse factor)를 고려한 셀 ID 인덱스이다. n은 상기 제1 참조 신호 또는 제2 참조 신호가 전송되는 자원 요소의 OFDM(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) 심벌 인덱스이다. am는 상기 셀 ID의 인덱스의 함수 또는 상기 재사용 계수의 함수이다. b, c, d, Np는 임의의 정수이다. mod(x,y)는 x를 y로 나눈 나머지이다.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 제1 참조 신호 또는 제2 참조 신호가 맵핑되는 자원 요소의 주파수 인덱스 k는 아래의 수학식에 의해 결정되는 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.단, m은 셀 ID의 인덱스 또는 재사용 계수(reuse factor)를 고려한 셀 ID 인덱스이다. n은 상기 제1 참조 신호 또는 제2 참조 신호가 전송되는 자원 요소의 OFDM 심벌 인덱스이다. Nsym은 하나의 서브프레임에 포함되는 OFDM 심벌의 개수이다. nsubblock은 상기 자원 영역을 구성하는 서브블록의 인덱스이다. am는 상기 셀 ID의 인덱스의 함수 또는 상기 재사용 계수의 함수이다. Np는 임의의 정수이다. mod(x,y)는 x를 y로 나눈 나머지이다.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 제1 참조 신호 또는 제2 참조 신호가 맵핑되는 자원 요소의 주파수 인덱스 k는 아래의 수학식에 의해 결정되는 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.단, m은 셀 ID의 인덱스 또는 재사용 계수(reuse factor)를 고려한 셀 ID 인덱스이다. n(n=0,1,…,Nsym-1)은 상기 제1 참조 신호 또는 제2 참조 신호가 전송되는 자원 요소의 OFDM 심벌 인덱스이다. Nsym은 하나의 서브프레임에 포함되는 OFDM 심벌의 개수이다. am는 상기 셀 ID의 인덱스의 함수 또는 상기 재사용 계수의 함수이다. Np는 임의의 정수이다. mod(x,y)는 x를 y로 나눈 나머지이다.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 제1 참조 신호 또는 상기 제2 참조 신호가 맵핑되는 자원 요소의 OFDM 심벌은 CRS 또는 하향링크 제어 채널(PDCCH; Physical Downlink Control channel)이 맵핑되지 않은 OFDM 심벌인 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 라틴 방진 행렬의 적어도 하나의 열 또는 행이 퍼뮤테이션(permutation) 또는 순환 쉬프트(circular shift)되는 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.
- 제 7 항에 있어서,상기 퍼뮤테이션 또는 순환 쉬프트는 상기 라틴 방진 행렬의 하나의 열 또는 행을 고정시키고 나머지 열 또는 행에 대하여 수행되는 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 자원 영역은 N*N 크기의 복수의 서브 블록을 포함하고,상기 각 서브 블록 상에서 상기 제1 참조 신호와 상기 제2 참조 신호가 맵핑되는 자원 요소는 상기 각 서브 블록에 대응되는 라틴 방진 행렬에 따라 결정되는 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.
- 제 9항에 있어서,상기 각 서브 블록에 대응되는 라틴 방진 행렬은 주파수 영역 또는 시간 영역을 따라 변화하는 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.
- 무선 통신 시스템에서,참조 신호를 포함하는 무선 신호를 수신하는 수신 회로;상기 참조 신호를 이용하여 채널을 추정하는 채널 추정부; 및상기 추정된 채널을 이용하여 상기 무선 신호를 처리하는 프로세서를 포함하되,상기 채널 추정부는 자원 영역 상에 맵핑된 복수의 참조 신호들을 복수의 기지국으로부터 각각 수신하고, 상기 수신한 참조 신호들을 이용하여 단말의 위치를 추정하고,상기 자원 영역 상에서 상기 복수의 참조 신호들이 전송되는 자원 요소는 N*N 크기의 라틴 방진(Latin square) 행렬을 구성하는 N개의 구성 요소(element) 중 서로 다른 구성 요소가 각각 차지하는 상기 라틴 방진 행렬 상의 인덱스에 따라 결정되는 것을 특징으로 하는 수신기.
- 제 11 항에 있어서,상기 복수의 참조 신호들이 맵핑되는 자원 요소의 주파수 인덱스 k는 아래의 수학식에 의해 결정되는 것을 특징으로 하는 수신기.단, m은 셀 ID의 인덱스 또는 재사용 계수(reuse factor)를 고려한 셀 ID 인덱스이다. n은 상기 제1 참조 신호 또는 제2 참조 신호가 전송되는 자원 요소의 OFDM 심벌 인덱스이다. Nsym은 하나의 서브프레임에 포함되는 OFDM 심벌의 개수이다. nsubblock은 상기 자원 영역을 구성하는 서브블록의 인덱스이다. am는 상기 셀 ID의 인덱스의 함수 또는 상기 재사용 계수의 함수이다. Np는 임의의 정수이다. mod(x,y)는 x를 y로 나눈 나머지이다.
- 제 11 항에 있어서,상기 복수의 참조 신호들이 맵핑되는 자원 요소의 주파수 인덱스 k는 아래의 수학식에 의해 결정되는 것을 특징으로 하는 수신기.단, m은 셀 ID의 인덱스 또는 재사용 계수(reuse factor)를 고려한 셀 ID 인덱스이다. n(n=0,1,…,Nsym-1)은 상기 제1 참조 신호 또는 제2 참조 신호가 전송되는 자원 요소의 OFDM 심벌 인덱스이다. Nsym은 하나의 서브프레임에 포함되는 OFDM 심벌의 개수이다. am는 상기 셀 ID의 인덱스의 함수 또는 상기 재사용 계수의 함수이다. Np는 임의의 정수이다. mod(x,y)는 x를 y로 나눈 나머지이다.
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Also Published As
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CN102362473A (zh) | 2012-02-22 |
KR101593702B1 (ko) | 2016-02-15 |
KR20100105824A (ko) | 2010-09-30 |
CN102362473B (zh) | 2014-04-16 |
WO2010110562A3 (ko) | 2010-12-23 |
US8483165B2 (en) | 2013-07-09 |
US20120002740A1 (en) | 2012-01-05 |
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