WO2010105696A1 - Transmission de données - Google Patents

Transmission de données Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010105696A1
WO2010105696A1 PCT/EP2009/053333 EP2009053333W WO2010105696A1 WO 2010105696 A1 WO2010105696 A1 WO 2010105696A1 EP 2009053333 W EP2009053333 W EP 2009053333W WO 2010105696 A1 WO2010105696 A1 WO 2010105696A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
data
data unit
size
truncation
data units
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2009/053333
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English (en)
Inventor
Keiichi Kubota
Original Assignee
Nokia Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nokia Corporation filed Critical Nokia Corporation
Priority to PCT/EP2009/053333 priority Critical patent/WO2010105696A1/fr
Publication of WO2010105696A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010105696A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
    • H04W28/02—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
    • H04W28/06—Optimizing the usage of the radio link, e.g. header compression, information sizing, discarding information

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to methods of and apparatus for transmitting and receiving data units.
  • the invention furthermore relates to a data unit.
  • Provision of services in a communications network may depend on availability of sufficient radio resource. Such availability is especially important for real time services such as voice calls. If there is insufficient available radio resource to transmit voice data for voice calls, at least some of the voice data will not be transmitted.
  • High speed packet access (HSPA) technologies provide more advanced transport mechanisms than some other technologies, and so it is advantageous to provide existing services, such as circuit switched (CS) voice calls, using such technologies.
  • CS circuit switched
  • voice calls can be carried over high speed packet access, which allows improved use of bandwidth capacity compared to other technologies.
  • allowing CS voice calls over HSPA should improve frequency efficiency and battery life of user equipment.
  • the radio resource available is such that the maximum rate of data transmission allowable is insufficient to allow transmission of voice data, the voice data will not be transmitted or will only be partially transmitted.
  • a user located at a cell edge where little radio resource is available may not be able to send or receive voice data at all.
  • Voice data can be encoded using an adaptive multi-rate (AMR) or an adaptive multi- rate wide band (AMR-WB) codec for encoding and decoding.
  • AMR and AMR- WB codecs each use several different rates of data transmission (described in more detail below), also referred to as codec modes.
  • the rate of data transmission encoded with the AMR or the AMR-WB codecs can be changed in dependence on the radio resource available. Thus, if radio conditions between a user equipment (UE) and a network are good, it may be possible to raise the rate of data transmission at either or both of the UE or the network. Conversely, if the radio conditions are poor, it may be desirable, or necessary, to lower the rate of data transmission.
  • UE user equipment
  • RRC radio resource control
  • 3GPP TS 25.331 v8.5.0 sub-clause 8.2.5.3 specifies how to update an uplink data rate for data encoded using the AMR codec during an RRC transport format combination control procedure
  • 3GPP TS 25.331 v8.5.0 sub-clause 8.6.4.2 specifies how to configure or reconfigure an uplink data rate for data encoded using the AMR codec during RRC RadioBearerSetup procedure or HandoverToUTRANCommand procedure.
  • a method comprising determining to reduce a size of data units to be transmitted, and truncating the data units based on a result of the determining.
  • the determining to reduce the size of the data units to be transmitted may be based on available radio resources.
  • the determining to reduce the size of data units to be transmitted may comprise determining a maximum allowable size of data unit based on available radio resources, and determining whether the size of said data units to be transmitted is greater than said maximum allowable size of data unit.
  • the truncating the data units may comprise reducing the size of the data units so that the data units are of less than or equal to the maximum allowable size.
  • the truncating the data units may comprise reducing the size of the data units by a truncation amount, in which case the method may further comprise determining that the maximum allowable size has changed based on a change in available radio resources, and adjusting the truncation amount in dependence on the changed maximum allowable size.
  • the truncating the data units may comprise removing at least one bit from each data unit. At least some bits in the data unit may be designated as being of less importance than other bits in the data unit, in which case said removing at least one bit may comprise removing at least one bit of less importance.
  • the method may further comprise receiving at a first apparatus from a second apparatus information indicating that the first apparatus is allowed to reduce the size of the data units to be transmitted therefrom.
  • the information may further indicate a maximum truncation amount or a minimum size of data unit that the second apparatus is allowed to transmit to the first apparatus.
  • the maximum truncation amount for each data unit may be a percentage of the size of the data unit.
  • the data units may each comprise information encoded with one of: an Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR) coding standard; an Adaptive Multi Rate WideBand (AMR-WB) coding standard; and a derivative of one of AMR and AMR-WB coding standards.
  • AMR Adaptive Multi-Rate
  • AMR-WB Adaptive Multi Rate WideBand
  • the data units may be transmitted over a circuit switched bearer in accordance with a high speed packet access technology, or over a packet switched bearer in accordance with a high speed packet access technology.
  • the packet switched bearer may be in accordance with a long term evolution technology.
  • the method may further comprise receiving the data units, wherein said data units each comprising a data frame comprising encoded data, wherein said truncating comprises truncating said received data units.
  • the determining to reduce the size of data units may not be in accordance with an instruction received in a control plane message.
  • a computer program product may be provided comprising program code means stored in a computer readable medium, the program code means being adapted to perform one of the above described methods when the program is run on a processor.
  • an apparatus comprising a processor configured to determine to reduce a size of data units to be transmitted, and truncate the data units based on a result of the determining.
  • the processor may be configured to determine to reduce the size of the data units based on available radio resources at which data comprising said data units can be transmitted.
  • a user equipment may comprise the apparatus.
  • a network entity may comprise the apparatus, wherein said network entity is part of a radio access network.
  • the apparatus may be configured to carry out any of the above mentioned methods.
  • an apparatus comprising determining means for determining to reduce a size of data units to be transmitted, and controlling means for truncating the data units based on a result of the determining.
  • a method comprising determining that a received data unit is truncated, and complementing the data unit.
  • the data unit may comprise a number of bits, and said complementing may comprise adding a number of bits to said data unit so that said data unit is a standard size to enable decoding of the data unit.
  • the determining that the data unit received is of reduced size may comprise comparing the size of the data unit to a standard size.
  • the method may further comprise decoding said complemented data units.
  • the decoding may be in accordance with an Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR) coding standard, an Adaptive Multi Rate WideBand (AMR-WB) coding standard, or a derivative of one of AMR and AMR-WB coding standards.
  • a computer program product may be provided comprising program code means stored in a computer readable medium, the program code means being adapted to perform any one of the methods the program is run on a processor.
  • an apparatus comprising a processor configured to determine that a received data unit is truncated, and complement the data unit.
  • the apparatus may further comprise decoder configured to decode the complemented data unit.
  • a network entity may comprise the apparatus.
  • a user equipment may comprise the apparatus.
  • the apparatus may be configured to perform any of the methods described in relation to the fourth aspect.
  • an apparatus comprising determining means for determining that a received data unit is truncated, and complementing means for complementing the data unit.
  • a data unit suitable for transmission wherein said data unit comprises a data frame comprising data encoded according to an adaptive multi-rate coding standard defining the size of the data unit, the data unit comprising fewer bits than is standard.
  • the adaptive multi-rate coding standard may define a plurality of transmission modes, a standard size of data unit being defined for each transmission mode, wherein said data unit comprises fewer bits than is standard for the transmission mode.
  • the adaptive multi-rate coding standard may be one of an Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR) coding standard, an Adaptive Multi Rate WideBand (AMR-WB) coding standard, and a derivative of one of AMR and AMR-WB coding standards; and wherein the data unit has fewer bits in at least one of classes B and C than is standard.
  • AMR Adaptive Multi-Rate
  • AMR-WB Adaptive Multi Rate WideBand
  • a method comprising sending at a first apparatus to a second apparatus information regarding truncation state.
  • the method may further comprise determining to allow truncation of data units transmitted from a second apparatus to a first apparatus, wherein said sending information regarding truncation state may comprise sending information indicating that the truncation is to be enabled.
  • the determining may be based at least on capability of a network entity to support truncation.
  • the method may further comprise determining a maximum truncation amount or minimum size of data unit that the first apparatus is allowed to transmit to the second apparatus, and said information may further indicate the maximum truncation amount or minimum size. In the case where the information further indicates the maximum truncation amount, the maximum truncation amount may be indicated as a percentage of the size of a data unit.
  • the method may further comprise receiving from the second apparatus at the first apparatus an indication as to capability of the second apparatus to support truncation, wherein the determining to allow truncation of data units transmitted from the second apparatus to the first apparatus is dependent at least on said indication.
  • the sending information regarding truncation state may comprise sending an indication as to capability of the first apparatus to support truncation.
  • the information regarding truncation state may be sent in control plane signalling.
  • the sending information regarding truncation state may comprise sending an indication that transmission of truncated data units will start at the first apparatus.
  • a computer program product may be provided comprising program code means stored in a computer readable medium, the program code means being adapted to perform the methods of the seventh aspect when the program is run on a processor.
  • a first apparatus comprising a sender configured to send to a second apparatus information regarding truncation state.
  • the first apparatus may comprise sending means for sending to a second apparatus information regarding truncation state.
  • the apparatus may be configured to carry out any of the steps according to the seventh aspect.
  • a ninth aspect of the invention there is provided a method comprising receiving information regarding truncation state at a first apparatus from a second apparatus, and storing said information.
  • a computer program product may be provided comprising program code means stored in a computer readable medium, the program code means being adapted to perform any one of the methods of the ninth aspect when the program is run on a processor.
  • a first apparatus comprising a processor configured to process received information regarding truncation state from a second apparatus, and a memory configured to store said information.
  • first apparatus comprising processing means for processing regarding truncation state from a second apparatus, and memory means for storing said information.
  • Figure 1 shows illustratively a telecommunications network and a user equipment in accordance with the embodiments
  • Figure 2 shows illustratively a state machine to indicate operations that occur in accordance with the embodiments
  • Figure 3 is a flow diagram indicating steps that are performed at a transmitting apparatus and a receiving apparatus in order to change a rate of data transmission, which is in accordance with the embodiments;
  • Figures 4 and 5 are flow diagrams indicating optional steps additional to those of Figure 3;
  • Figure 6a shows illustratively a Radio Link Control Protocol Data Unit and Packet Data Convergence Control Protocol Protocol Data Unit in accordance with embodiments
  • Figure 6b shows illustratively a protocol data unit in accordance with embodiments
  • Figure 6c shows illustratively a service data unit in accordance with embodiments
  • Figure 6d shows an AMR codec frame in accordance with embodiments
  • Figure 7 is a flow diagram indicating steps that may occur in the transmitting apparatus
  • Figure 8 is a signalling diagram indicating by way of example a mechanism at a Radio Link Control entity to reduce the rate of data transmission
  • Figure 9 is a signalling diagram indicating by way of example a mechanism at a Media Access Control entity to reduce the rate of data transmission.
  • Figure 10 is a signalling diagram indicating by way of example a mechanism at a Packet Data Control Protocol entity to reduce the rate of data transmission.
  • the telecommunications network 2 may be a universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS) operating using an HSPA technology.
  • the telecommunications network 2 includes a network element 4, which would normally form part of a radio access network.
  • the network entity 4 can be a radio network controller (RNC), a node B (NB) or an evolved node B (eNB).
  • RNC radio network controller
  • NB node B
  • eNB evolved node B
  • the network entity 4 includes a controller/processor 6, a memory 8, a transmitter 9 for sending data and a receiver 10 for receiving data.
  • the memory 8 comprises a computer program storage medium suitable for storing a computer program code suitable for carrying out steps at the network entity 4 of the embodiments to be described when run on the controller/processor 6.
  • the user equipment 12 includes a controller means/processor means 14, a memory means 16, a transmitter 18 for sending data and a receiver 19 for receiving data.
  • the memory means 16 comprises a computer program storage medium suitable for storing one or more codecs, for example an AMR/AMR-WB codec, and a computer program code suitable for carrying out steps at the user equipment of the embodiments to be described when run on the controller means/processor means 14.
  • the controller means/processor means 14 is also capable of encoding voice data to be transmitted and decoding received voice data using the or one of the codecs.
  • the user equipment 12 and the network entity 14 can communicate over a radio bearer, for example using an Enhanced Dedicated Channel (E-DCH) transport channel.
  • E-DCH Enhanced Dedicated Channel
  • data is in data frames for sending in data units and is encoded.
  • AMR/ AMR-WB codecs Data frames are sometimes referred to as voice/speech frames or audio frames and data in the voice/speech frames or audio frames encoded with these codecs is referred to as voice/speech data or audio data.
  • These codecs are audio codecs optimised for speech coding. It should be understood that these codecs are referred to only to aid understanding of the embodiments and no limitation to the embodiments to use with these codecs or audio codecs or audio or voice/speech data is intended.
  • encoded voice data comprises bits and each bit is assigned to one of a class A, a class B and a class C depending on the importance of the particular bit, where the most important bits are assigned to the class A and the least important to the class C.
  • the class A contains the bits that are most critical for performance and any error in these bits results in the whole data frame being corrupted such that the voice data cannot be decoded, at least without applying appropriate error concealment treatment.
  • the bits in classes B and C contain less critical bits; if there are errors in these bits the quality of the voice data decoded will be reduced, the extent to which depends on the number of errors, but the decoding of voice data having errors in these bits is usually possible and the quality of the decoded data will be acceptable.
  • the class A may contain bits more susceptible to errors than those in class B, which are more susceptible to errors than those in class C.
  • the AMR and AMR-WB codecs each use several different bit rates. Table 1 below indicates for each AMR bit rate of the AMR codec, also referred to as AMR codec mode, the number of bits in Classes A, B and C. A voice frame for each codec mode thus has a standard size. Table 1
  • Table 2 below indicates for each AMR-WB codec mode the data rate, number of bits in Classes A, B and C, and the total number of bits.
  • the rate of data transmission can be controlled by changing the size of the data units to be transmitted.
  • the data units are truncated based on a result of the determining. This changes the amount of data to be transmitted. It may be determined to reduce the size of data units to be transmitted in dependence upon available radio resource. If there is ample radio resource available, complete, that is, untruncated, data units can be transmitted. If there is little radio resource available, the data units are truncated. By truncated, it is meant that a data unit is reduced in size, for example by removal of bits.
  • Bits can be removed from at least one predetermined position in a data unit, for example from the bits in the last positions in the data unit.
  • the bits removed can be bits that are designated as being of less importance than other bits in the data unit.
  • Bits of less importance may always be in respective positions in the voice frame, to allow those bits to be identified so that at least some of those bits can be removed.
  • the transmitter adjusts a truncation amount, that is, an amount by which each data unit is truncated, in dependence on the available radio resource, so that the amount by which a data frame is reduced in size can be changed.
  • a truncation amount that is, an amount by which each data unit is truncated, in dependence on the available radio resource, so that the amount by which a data frame is reduced in size can be changed.
  • a maximum truncation amount may be defined. If the radio resources are not sufficient to allow transmission even when data units are truncated by the maximum truncation amount, the data units may not be transmitted or may be segmented into smaller segmentation units.
  • Figure 2 shows illustratively a possible state machine for a transmitting apparatus such as in the network entity 4 or the UE 12, for processing data units for transmission.
  • the transmitting apparatus has a normal operation state 20 in which complete data units are transmitted.
  • the transmitting apparatus also has a frame truncation state 22, in which truncated data units are transmitted, for example whose size depends on the available radio resource, for example the current allowed transmitter power.
  • the transmitting apparatus moves (step 24) from the normal operation state to the frame truncation state if frame truncation criteria are met.
  • the criteria may be met when one of the following conditions are met: (i) transmission of the complete data units requires more transmitter power than an allowed transmitter power which may be determined in the transmitting apparatus; and (ii) transmission of the complete data units require more transmission power than a configured or hardcoded threshold. Truncating of data units is stopped when recovery criteria are met (step 26) that is, when the allowed transmitter power is big enough to transmit complete data units. Other criteria may additionally or alternatively be specified. Referring to Figure 3, the transmitting apparatus determines (step A) whether available radio resources are sufficient to allow transfer of complete data units from the transmitting apparatus to a receiving apparatus. If the transmitting apparatus is in the network element 4, the receiving apparatus is in the user equipment 12, and vice versa. Step A may take place periodically.
  • This step comprises calculating an allowed transmission length based on the available radio resources. In the example of Figure 2, this comprises determining whether the frame truncation criteria are met.
  • the transmitting apparatus can be configured so that the threshold of the condition (ii) above is set at a hardcoded value or a value for the threshold can be provided by a network entity.
  • the transmitting apparatus proceeds at step B to transmit the complete data units. Otherwise, the transmitting apparatus moves to the frame truncation state 22 where it determines at step C the allowed maximum size of data units based on the available radio resources. Also, the transmitting apparatus determines a truncation amount that is a value defining by how much a data unit must be reduced in size in order to be less than or equal to the allowed maximum size.
  • Each data unit is truncated at step D by reducing the size of the data unit by the truncation amount. For example, the number of bits in the data unit is reduced.
  • the transmitting apparatus is configured with a specific truncation amount, which may, for example, be a number of bits or expressed as a percentage of the size of a data unit. In the truncation state, this specific truncation amount is always removed from each data unit.
  • a specific truncation amount which may, for example, be a number of bits or expressed as a percentage of the size of a data unit. In the truncation state, this specific truncation amount is always removed from each data unit.
  • the sizes of truncated audio frames are predefined for each codec mode.
  • both the network entity 4 and the user equipment 12 are configured/hardcoded to truncate to these predefined audio frame sizes.
  • a maximum truncation amount is optionally defined at the transmitting apparatus. If the maximum truncation amount is exceeded, the transmitting apparatus may stop transmitting the data units.
  • the maximum truncation amount can be a number of bits or indicated in units of percentage of number of removed bits to a complete data unit, As another example, the maximum truncation amount can be indicated as a minimum voice frame size.
  • the transmitting apparatus may truncate a data frame by discarding a subsequent segmentation.
  • step E the data unit is transmitted from the transmitting apparatus to the receiving apparatus.
  • the receiving apparatus receives the transmitted data unit at step F.
  • the receiving apparatus determines at step G that the received voice frames are truncated. This is achieved by comparing the size, for example, the number of bits that is present in, a standard size data unit to the size of the received data unit.
  • a standard size data unit For example, where data units comprise voice frames comprising data encoded with the AMR/ AMR-WB codecs, the receiving apparatus is aware of the codec mode at which data transfer is taking place (see Tables 1 and 2) and the number of bits in each received data unit (or a sample of the received data units) is compared to the standard size with that codec mode. If the size of the compared data unit is less than the standard size, the number of bits that are missing is determined.
  • the receiving apparatus then complements (step H) the voice frame, for example with empty/uninitialised data, for example, adds the missing number of bits to the voice frame, so that the voice frame is of the standard size.
  • a number of bits are added so that the size of the data unit is the standard size for the AMR/AMR- WB codec mode at which data transfer is taking place (see Table 1).
  • the data unit is then in a form such that the encoded data in the data frame in the data unit can be decoded, in the example using the AMR/ AMR- WB codecs.
  • the receiving apparatus then passes the complemented voice frame to upper layers for decoding, which takes place at step I.
  • the transmitting apparatus determines that there is enough radio resource available so that the allowed maximum size of data units to be transmitted can be increased, the size of the voice frames transmitted can be increased, that is, truncated less, or truncation can be stopped so that transmission of complete voice frames can be allowed If sufficient radio resource is available.
  • the truncation amount is flexible and can be dynamically adjusted.
  • the receiving apparatus or the transmitting apparatus is in the network entity 4 or the user equipment 12, the receiving apparatus or the transmitting apparatus comprises components of these described with reference to Figure 1.
  • one or more bits from classes B and C can be removed in order for voice frames to be transmitted to be truncated.
  • Table 3 shows examples a possible of a length of truncated voice frame for each of the AMR codec.
  • the total number of bits in each class is indicated when a voice frame is of standard size, together with the number of bits in the classes A, B and C, by the frame type with no apostrophe.
  • the total number of bits in each class when a voice frame is truncated, together with the number of bits in the classes A, B and C is indicated by the frame type with an apostrophe.
  • the transmitting apparatus can be in the user equipment 12 and the receiving apparatus can be in the network entity 4,
  • steps J and K are optional steps that can occur before step A
  • the user equipment 12 sends capability information to the network entity 4 indicating whether the user equipment 12 supports truncation, that is, whether one or both of receiving truncated data units and sending truncated data units are supported.
  • the network entity 4 receives the message at step K.
  • the steps of Figure 4 may take place during control plane signalling such as radio bearer establishment signalling, for example during the RRC connection establishment procedure for Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS).
  • UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
  • sending of the capability information is performed in reply to a request for the capability information from the network entity
  • Steps are now described with reference to Figure 5 that optionally take place before step A, and after step K where such a step is present. It should be understood that the steps L to O are optional.
  • the network entity 4 determines whether to enable truncation of data units transmitted on an uplink from the user equipment 12 to the network entity 4. This determination can be based on capability of the network alone.
  • the determination can be based on capability of the user equipment and of the network.
  • the network entity 4 determines not to enable data truncation, the network entity 4 does not send truncation configuration information to the user equipment 12 (step M). Otherwise, the network entity 4 sends at step N truncation configuration information to the user equipment 12 to request the user equipment to configure/enable truncation.
  • the truncation configuration information optionally includes a value for a maximum truncation amount or a minimum data unit length.
  • the network entity 4 determines during radio bearer establishment whether to enable truncation at the user equipment 12, and if so the network entity 4 establishes the radio bearer with truncation configuration information included in signalling to the user equipment 12; if truncation is not to be enabled, the network entity 4 establishes the radio bearer without truncation configuration information included in signalling to the user equipment 12.
  • the truncation configuration information in this embodiment may be contained in a radio resource control (RKC) message in the form of a bit indicating that data truncation is enabled. Optionally another bit in the RRC message indicates the maximum truncation amount that a voice frame is allowed to be truncated.
  • RKC radio resource control
  • the maximum amount can be a number of bits or indicated in units of percentage of number of removed bits to a complete data unit.
  • the maximum amount can be indicated as a minimum voice frame size.
  • the network entity can be configured to send the truncation configuration information in, for example, one or more of the following RRC messages: a RadioBearerSetup message, a RadioBearerReconfiguration message, a Cell Update Confirm message, and a HandoverToUTRANCommand message.
  • the user equipment 12 receives the truncation configuration information at step O and stores the information. Where data truncation is enabled, the steps starting at A in Figure 3 can then take place. Where the user equipment is configured so that the transmitter power threshold is a value provided by a network entity, the value may be provided in the truncation configuration information.
  • the user equipment 12 can, instead of stopping transmitting the data units, divide some or all voice frames into segments and sends the segments in more than one transmission interval.
  • a minimum voice frame length is defined.
  • the maximum truncation amount can be defined in the truncation configuration information.
  • the network entity 4 informs the user equipment 12 that data units to be transmitted are truncated by in-band signalling. This can be achieved either by defining a new special length indicator value for the Radio Link Control Layer 1, which indicates the truncation, or by adding a new field, which may only be of a single bit, in a header of a data unit, for example in a Packet Data Control Protocol header, which is referred to below.
  • the data units can be truncated by reducing the number of bits in each data unit to be transmitted.
  • the truncating takes place, for example, in the transmitting apparatus in a Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP), which may be at a Jitter Buffer Management (JBM) entity, a Radio Link Control (RLC) or a Media Access Control (MAC).
  • PDCP Packet Data Convergence Protocol
  • JBM Jitter Buffer Management
  • RLC Radio Link Control
  • MAC Media Access Control
  • the PDCP may receive PDCP SDUs from a Non-Access Stratum (NAS) and forward the SDUs to the RLC layer and vice versa.
  • the RLC sublayer may reside between the PDCP sublayer and the MAC sublayer.
  • the RLC may provide in- sequence delivery service for CS voice over HSPA.
  • the MAC sublayer may provide Hybrid Automatic Repeat Query (ARQ) funcationality and interface between the RLC layer and the Physical layer
  • the user equipment 12 uses an enhanced transport format combination (E-TFC) selection function to determine the allowed transmission data size.
  • E-TFC enhanced transport format combination
  • the AMR codec software provides the audio frames at step 90 to the transmitter of the transmitting apparatus.
  • the transmitter then generates at step 92 data units for transmission which include the audio frame data.
  • the MAC performs the E-TFC selection.
  • the E-TFC selection function gives the transport block size for the radio bearer.
  • the transport block size is the allowed size/length of transmitted data units.
  • the selection allows a determination that the RLC PDUs are allowed to be 200 bits long, but the RLC PDUs to be transmitted at the RLC are 264 bits, N pdu is 64 bits.
  • the MAC determines at step 94 the allowed transmission data size for the radio bearer with which transmission is to take place.
  • the transmitter then truncates at step 96 the audio frame data if the allowed transmission data size is smaller than the size of the complete data units.
  • the transmitting apparatus performs an enhanced transport format combination (E-TFC) selection until Physical Channel transmission.
  • E-TFC enhanced transport format combination
  • the E-TFC selection takes place when Layer 1 indicates to the MAC the radio resources that are available for transmission.
  • the MAC determines the allowed length of the MAC SDU or RLC PDU for the radio bearer.
  • the PDCP entity can truncate lower priority data, such as in the AMR codec example bits in classes B and C, without taking into consideration lengths of a PDCP header and a RLC header.
  • step C it is described how data units are truncated by the truncation amount.
  • data units are truncated by the truncation amount.
  • six types of data units transmitted by the transmitting apparatus each containing a voice frame, for example using a CS over HSPA radio bearer (RB), and how a minimum truncation amount is calculated.
  • RB radio bearer
  • a truncated RLC PDU is shown illustratively in Figure 6a.
  • the RLC PDU 30 comprises data of an AMR audio frame 34, a PDCP header 32 and an RLC header 40 together with an RLC length indicator (LI) if necessary.
  • the shaded region indicates truncated data 36.
  • the RLC truncates the RLC PDUs by removing the last bits of the RLC PDU.
  • a truncated RLC PDU is indicated at 50 in Figure 6b.
  • a data frame is indicated a 52.
  • a shaded part 54 indicates where the removed bits would be if the RLC PDU were full length.
  • the minimum size of the shaded part 54 that is, the minimum truncation amount, is determined by the following equation, where N pdu is the minimum number of bits:
  • Np du RLC PDU size - Allowed transmission data length
  • the MAC truncates the MAC SDUs containing voice frames encoded with the AMR codec or AMR-WB codec, the MAC truncates the MAC SDUs by removing the last bits of the MAC SDUs.
  • the minimum truncation amount is determined by the following equation, where N 5 ( Ju is the minimum number of bits:
  • N sdu MAC SDU size - Allowed transmission data length
  • the RLC truncates the RLC SDUs by removing the last bits of the RLC SDUs.
  • a message comprising a truncated RLC SDU, which includes AMR or AMR-WB encoded data 64 and an RLC header 62 is indicated at 60 in Figure 6c.
  • a shaded part 66 indicates the length the RLC SDU would be were it full length.
  • the minimum size of the shaded part 66 that is, the minimum number of bits that must be removed for the voice frame to be of allowable size, is determined by the following equation, where N s d u is the minimum number of bits:
  • N S du RLC SDU size + RLC header size - Allowed transmission data length
  • Truncating occurs if N S d U is greater than zero.
  • the PDCP truncates the PDCP AMR Data PDUs by removing the last bits of the PDCP AMR Data PDUs.
  • a PDCP AMR Data PDU has a similar structure to the RLC SDU indicated in Figure 6c.
  • the minimum number of bits that must be removed for the voice frame to be of allowable size is determined by the following equation, where N p d cp is the minimum number of bits:
  • N pdcp PDCP AMR Data PDU size + RLC header size - Allowed transmission data length
  • a message comprising a truncated AMR/AMR- WB codec frame 76, a PDCP header 74 and an RLC header 72 is indicated at 70 in Figure 6d.
  • a shaded part 78 indicates the length the AMR/ AMR- WB codec frame would be were it full length.
  • the minimum size of the shaded part 78 that is, the minimum number of bits that must be removed for the voice frame to be of allowable size, is determined by the following equation, where Nf ram e is the minimum number of bits:
  • N frame AMR/ AMR- WB codec frame size + PDCP header size + RLC header size - Allowed transmission data length Truncating occurs if N frame is greater than zero.
  • the UE may be configured so that no truncation configuration information is required.
  • the UE 12 can be configured so that truncation is always enabled and thus steps O to R in Figure 5 can be absent.
  • AMR codec software 70 in a transmitting apparatus in the UE 12 sends to a PDCP 72 a request to transfer AMR audio frames having a length of X bits, and provides the AMR audio frames to the PDCP 72.
  • the PDCP 72 receives the AMR audio frames and then generates PDCP PDUs comprising the audio frames at step 102 and provides at step 104 the PDCP PDUs to the RLC 74 together with a request to transfer the PDCP PDUs.
  • the PDCP PDUs each consists of the AMR audio frame of X bits and a PDCP header of eight bits.
  • the RLC 74 receives the PDCP PDUs and determines at step 106, in communication with a lower layer 76, the allowed data transmission length in view of available radio resources for the RLC layer of the audio service.
  • the RLC 74 truncates the RLC PDUs if the length of the RLC PDUs to be sent is greater than the allowed data transmission length.
  • the RLC 74 then sends the truncated RLC PDUs to the lower layer 76 for transmission at step 110.
  • the truncated RLC PDUs are Y bits shorter than the complete RLC PDUs. If step 108 is absent because the maximum allowed transmission length is equal to or greater than the length of the RLC PDUs, the RLC 74 sends the complete RLC PDUs to the lower layer 76 for transmission at step 1 12. This step is alternative to step 1 10.
  • Figure 9 indicates an example of how MAC truncation can be implemented. Steps 100 to 106 are the same as those steps in Figure 9.
  • the RLC 74 sends to the lower layer 76 RLC PDUs each consisting of an RLC header of eight bits, a PDCP header of 8 bits and the AMR audio frame of X bits plus some padding bits whose purpose is to make the RLC PDU octet aligned.
  • RLC PDUs are sent together with a request for RLC PDU transfer,
  • the lower layer 76 truncates the RLC PDUs or MAC SDUs if the length of the RLC PDUs/MAC SDUs to be sent is greater than the allowed maximum transmission length. It should be understood that the MAC SDUs come into existence when the lower layer 76 is the MAC - a RLC PDU become a MAC SDU when the MAC receives the RLC PDU.
  • the lower layer 76 then sends the truncated MAC SDUs to a peer entity for transmission at step 210.
  • the truncated RLC PDUs are Y bits shorter than the complete MAC SDUs.
  • step 209 is absent because the maximum allowed transmission length is equal to or greater than the length of the RLC PDUs/MAC SDUs 5 the lower layer 76 sends the complete RLC PDUs to the peer entity for transmission at step 212.
  • This step is alternative to step 210.
  • Figure 10 indicates an example of how PDCP truncation can be implemented. Steps 100 and 102 are the same as those steps in Figure 8.
  • the RLC 74 determines at step 304, in communication with the lower layer 76, the allowed maximum transmission length in view of available radio resources for the RLC layer of the audio service and it is communicated to PDCP 72.
  • the PDCP 72 truncates the PDCP PDUs if the length of the PDCP PDUs to be sent is greater than the allowed maximum transmission length so that the PDCP PDUs are Y bits shorter than the complete PDCP PDUs.
  • the PDCP 72 If the PDCP 72 has truncated the PDCP PDUs at step 308, the PDCP 72 then sends the truncated PDCP PDUs to the RLC 74 at step 310.
  • the PDCP PDUs each consist of a PDCP header of eight bits and an AMR audio frame of X - Y bits.
  • the PDCP 72 if the PDCP 72 has not truncated the PDCP PDUs at step 308, the PDCP 72 then sends the complete PDCP PDUs to the RLC 74 at step 312.
  • the RLC 74 then prepares at step 314 RLC PDUs containing the corresponding PDCP PDUs, whether the PDCP PDUs are truncated or complete.
  • the RLC 74 then sends the RLC PDUs to the lower layer 76 at step 316 for sending over the air interface at step 318.
  • the rate of transmission of voice data over the air may be rapidly adapted to the available radio resources.
  • the rate of transmission can be adapted without need for a change of the AMR/AMR-WB speech codec rate (that is, the AMR/AMR-WB mode).
  • the data rate can only be changed using control place signalling.
  • the transmitter may dynamically select the most suitable size of data frame in view of current radio resources. This may mean that voice frames will be transmitted with the largest allowable number of bits, which means that data quality at the receiver will be optimised.
  • the embodiments may allow voice data to be transferred even when available radio resource is very limited. For example, this might be in an area where there is a large number of UEs. Cell coverage may be therefore increased.
  • the network and the UE may need only support a single AMR rate.
  • the network entity 4 may need only be configured with a size that allows transmission of complete voice frames and a flexible size that the network entity 4 can configure dynamically depending on available radio resource.
  • each AMR rate may have own truncated version of total number of bits so that a receiver can generate complete audio frame for a corresponding audio codec.
  • truncating voice data may compromise quality of data at the receiver.
  • reducing the rate of data transmission in the conventional way by changing the AMR/ AMR- WB codec mode may have the same effect and may be considered acceptable.
  • complementing the truncated voice frames at the receiver may require a small amount of time. The complementing may not however require much processing because the receiver may not provide meaningful data - it may merely adjust the size/length of the received voice frames to be consistent with the standard size/length for the current AMR/AMR- WB codec mode. Thus, this loss of time may not be considered significant.
  • embodiments have been described with examples of data frames including voice data encoded using the AMR and AMR-WB codecs, it should be understood that the embodiments are applicable to control the rate of data transmission generally - the embodiments are not limited to use with data frames including data encoded using audio codecs.
  • embodiments are described above implemented in UMTS network operating using HSPA, the embodiments are not limited to such implementation.
  • embodiments might be implemented in a Long Term Evolution (LTE) communications system, a 3.9G or a 4G communications system, Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) system.
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • WiMAX Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access
  • Embodiments could be applied, for example using the AMR/AMR- WB codecs, to voice over internet protocol (VoIP) where either a high speed packet access technology or long term evolution technology is used.
  • VoIP voice over internet protocol
  • AMR/AMR- WB codecs this is with the assumption that bits in classes B and C within a VoIP frame are always in a predetermined position in a data unit to be transmitted, for example an RLC PDU, for example at the end of such a PDU.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé consistant à déterminer A pour réduire une taille d'unités de données devant être transmises, et à tronquer D les unités de données en fonction d'un résultat de la détermination. La détermination réalisée pour réduire la taille des unités de données devant être transmises peut être basée sur une disponibilité de ressources radio. Le procédé peut être mis en œuvre sur un appareil de transmission, comme une entité de réseau 4 ou un équipement utilisateur 12. La présente invention concerne par ailleurs un procédé consistant à déterminer G qu'une unité de données reçue est tronquée, et à complémenter H l'unité de données. Le procédé peut être mis en œuvre sur un appareil de réception, comme une entité de réseau 4 ou un équipement utilisateur 12. La présente invention concerne par ailleurs une unité de données 30 adaptée pour une transmission, ladite unité de données comprenant une trame de données contenant des données codées conformément à une norme de codage adaptatif multidébit définissant la taille de l'unité de données, l'unité de données comprenant moins de bits que le nombre standard.
PCT/EP2009/053333 2009-03-20 2009-03-20 Transmission de données WO2010105696A1 (fr)

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20060199594A1 (en) * 2005-03-04 2006-09-07 Veerabhadra Gundu Restructuring data packets to improve voice quality at low bandwidth conditions in wireless networks
WO2006111788A1 (fr) * 2005-04-21 2006-10-26 Intel Corporation Interruption de la transmission de paquets ethernet non prioritaires
WO2007025560A1 (fr) * 2005-08-31 2007-03-08 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Optimisation de transport multimedia
FR2899758A1 (fr) * 2006-04-07 2007-10-12 France Telecom Procede et dispositif de codage de donnees en un flux scalable

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20060199594A1 (en) * 2005-03-04 2006-09-07 Veerabhadra Gundu Restructuring data packets to improve voice quality at low bandwidth conditions in wireless networks
WO2006111788A1 (fr) * 2005-04-21 2006-10-26 Intel Corporation Interruption de la transmission de paquets ethernet non prioritaires
WO2007025560A1 (fr) * 2005-08-31 2007-03-08 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Optimisation de transport multimedia
FR2899758A1 (fr) * 2006-04-07 2007-10-12 France Telecom Procede et dispositif de codage de donnees en un flux scalable

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
"Voice packetization - Packetized voice protocols; G.764 (12/90)", ITU-T STANDARD IN FORCE (I), INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION, GENEVA, CH, no. G.764 (12/90), 14 December 1990 (1990-12-14), XP017400921 *
"Voice packetization - Packetized voice protocols; G.764 Appendix I (11/95); Packetization guide", ITU-T STANDARD IN FORCE (I), INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION, GENEVA, CH, no. G.764 Appendix I (11, 25 November 1995 (1995-11-25), XP017400922 *

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