WO2010097322A1

WO2010097322A1 - Switching device

Info

Publication number: WO2010097322A1
Application number: PCT/EP2010/052014
Authority: WO
Inventors: Walter Holaus; Jadran Kostovic; Miguel Garcia; Urs Kruesi
Original assignee: ABB Technology AG
Current assignee: ABB Technology AG
Priority date: 2009-02-24
Filing date: 2010-02-18
Publication date: 2010-09-02
Anticipated expiration: 2011-08-24
Also published as: EP2221844B1; KR101255697B1; KR20110110815A; EP2221844A1; CN102428537A

Abstract

Control of the encryption of data for storage with respect to removable data storage cartridges having a recording media and having cartridge memory with at least a portion lockable to read-only, employs the steps of inspecting the read-only portion of the cartridge memory of the removable data storage cartridge for an "Encrypt-Only" flag. If the "Encrypt-Only" flag is present, writes to the recording media of the removable data storage cartridge are limited to data in an encrypted format, if any; and, else, writes to the recording media of the removable data storage cartridge are allowed for data in any of encrypted and unencrypted formats.

Description

SWITCHING DEVICE

BACKGROUND

The present disclosure generally relates to a switching device .

Switching devices, like disconnectors, in high-voltage gas- insulated switchgear above 420 kV can be equipped with a resistor that limits the very fast transients (VFT) that may be generated during the closing and the opening of the disconnector. In known designs this resistor is designed as bulk ohmic resistor with high energy absorption cabability and placed on the fixed contact side. Resistance values of several 100 Ohms up to 1 kOhms are applied. Using such resistors inside the fixed contact requires to nearly double the stroke of the moving part, as the voltage drop along this resistor is approximately as high as the rated voltage.

SUMMARY

In view of the above, a switching device is provided, which includes a housing filled with an insulating gas, a first contact element including a first main contact and a first arcing contact, and a moveable second contact element including a second main contact and second arcing contact, said second contact element being movable from a first position, where the first and the second main contacts as well as the first and the second arcing contacts are in direct contact, to a second position, where neither the first and the second main contacts nor the first and the second arcing contacts are in direct contact, said second contact element further including an impedance element electrically connecting the second main contact with the second arcing contact . According to an embodiment an impedance element is added to the moving contact of the switching device. By doing so, the impedance element will be active during the closing and the opening of the switching device to reduce VFT peak and rate- of-rise. During opening, the impedance element will be active to improve the bus transfer switching behavior of the switching device. The impedance may include an inductive element and/or may include a resistor element, both inside the moving contact of the switching device.

According to a preferred embodiment the resistance of the resistive element lies in the range between 0,01 and 10,0 Ohm. Preferably, the inductivity of the inductive element lies in the range between 1,0 and 50,0 nH. Due to the low values of the resistor and the inductance, only a small insulating gap between the arcing contact and the main contact on the moving contact element and therefore no additional stroke for the moving contact element will be required.

According to a preferred embodiment the resistive element exhibits a positive temperature coefficient. Preferably, the resistive element exhibits a skin effect. Furthermore, it is preferred that the resistive element comprises a ceramic material. A proper choice of resistor material allows to make use of the skin effect in the resistor, so the resistance value is higher for VFT damping at high frequencies than it is during opening at rated frequency.

According to a preferred embodiment the inductive element and the resistive element integrally form a single impedance element. Preferably, the voltage drop over the impedance element is lower than 1/10 of the rated voltage of the switching device. Further exemplary embodiments are according to the dependent claims, the description and the accompanying drawings.

DRAWINGS

A full and enabling disclosure, including the best mode thereof, to one of ordinary skill in the art is set forth more particularly in the remainder of the specification including reference to the accompanying drawings wherein:

Fig. 1 shows a plan view of a section through a switching device according to the invention, which may be installed in an encapsulated switchgear assembly;

Fig. 2 shows a detailed illustration of a contact region marked out in Fig. 1 in a closed position of the switching device;

Fig. 3 shows a detailed illustration of a contact region marked out in Fig. 1 in an open position of the switching device;

Fig. 4 shows a schematic circuit diagram of the switching device according to Fig. 1.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Reference will now be made in detail to the various exemplary embodiments, one or more examples of which are illustrated in the drawings. Each example is provided by way of explanation and is not meant as a limitation. For example, features illustrated or described as part of one embodiment can be used on or in conjunction with other embodiments to yield yet a further embodiment. It is intended that the present disclosure includes such modifications and variations. A number of embodiments will be explained below. In this case, identical structural features are identified by identical reference symbols in the drawings. The structures shown in the drawings are not depicted true to scale but rather serve only for the better understanding of the embodiments .

For the purposes of this application, high-voltage switching devices include high-voltage and high-power switches, switches with or without arc quenching, disconnectors, grounding devices as well as further switching devices from the field of high-voltage technology.

Fig. 1 shows a switching device according to the invention in an open position. The switching device illustrated in Fig. 1 is in the form of a module of a gas-insulated, metal- encapsulated switchgear assembly and has a metal housing 1 filled with insulating gas and having two main openings 2 and 3. The openings 2 and 3 are each sealed in a gas-tight manner by a barrier insulator, which, in a manner which is electrically insulated from the housing 1, in each case supports a current conductor 5 and 6, respectively, which can have a high voltage applied to it. Instead of barrier insulators, post insulators with gas passage openings may also be used, if appropriate.

The current conductor 6 is connected to a first contact element 10 which includes a first main contact 12 and a first arcing contact 14 (see Fig. 2) . The current conductor 5 is connected to a second contact element 20 which includes a second main contact 22 as well as a second arcing contact 24 and which is moveable along the horizontal axis of Fig. 1. A conductor tube 21 or a hollow carrier 21 is used so as to conduct current to the current conductor 5, said conductor tube 21 or hollow carrier 21 forming a portion of the contact element 20, and constantly forming a current transfer to the current conductor 5, irrespective of its position, via two sliding contacts (not shown) .

Furthermore, the switching device includes a drive element 7 to move the second contact element 20 from a first position, where the first and the second main contacts 12, 22 as well as the first and the second arcing contacts 14, 24 are in direct contact, to a second position, where neither the first and the second main contacts 12, 22 nor the first and the second arcing contacts 14, 24 are in direct contact.

As can be seen in greater detail in Fig. 2 the switching device includes first contact element 10 which is fixed to current conductor 6. The first contact element 10 includes a first main contact 12 which has the form of a contact spring. Furthermore, the first contact element 10 includes a first arcing contact 14 supported by a conductive spring element 16. A shield 18 is provided around the first contact element 10 in order to influence the field distribution in the vicinity of the first contact element 10.

The moveable second contact element 20 includes a second main contact 22 formed by a portion of the conductor tube 21 and a second arcing contact 24 formed at the front portion of the second contact element 20. An additional shield (not shown) may also be provided around the second contact element 20. Furthermore, the second contact element 20 includes an impedance element 25 electrically connecting the second main contact 22 with the second arcing contact 24.

Thus, the impedance element 25 is placed inside the moving contact between the main current contact 22 and the arcing contact 24. Preferably, the impedance element 25 includes the inductive element and a resistive element, whereby the inductive element and the resistive element integrally form a single impedance element 25. In addition, it is preferred to use a very small (cold) resistance of approx. 0.1 Ohm and inductance value of approx. 20 nH. The desired inductance value can be chosen, for example, by selecting an appropriate wire geometry. Preferably, the resistive element exhibits a positive temperature coefficient and/or a skin effect. Furthermore, it is preferred that the voltage drop along the impedance element remains below approx. 1/lOth of the rated voltage .

Combining the placement of the impedance element 25 in the moving contact element 20 with the small impedance values allows a small gap 26 between the rated current contact 22 and the arcing contact 24. Therefore, the energy dissipated by the impedance 25 during opening is low and this allows the use of only very small resistor volume.

Fig. 2 illustrates the switching device in a first position, where the first and the second main contacts 12, 22 as well as the first and the second arcing contacts 14, 24 are in direct contact. Fig. 3 illustrates the switching device in a second position, where neither the first and the second main contacts 12, 22 nor the first and the second arcing contacts 14, 24 are in direct contact.

Fig. 4 shows a schematic circuit diagram of the switching device according to Fig. 1. Thereby, the first and the second main contacts 12, 22 together form the main switch 31 and the first and the second arcing contacts 14, 24 form the arcing switch 32. The impedance element 25 is composed of the PTC resistor 35 and the inductance 36. The arcing switch 32, the resistor 35 and the inductance 36 are connected in series whereas the main switch 31 is connected in parallel to the arcing switch.

Due to the design and placement of the impedance element 25 the impedance element 25 will act differently for closing and opening of the switching device. During closing the first and second arcing contacts will close before the first and second main contacts. Pre- striking will occur between the arcing contacts and the very fast transients (VFT) will be damped primarily by the resistive element. The resistance value will preferably be increased at high frequencies due to the skin effect. The resulting heat is dissipated in the resistive element.

The inductive element is also active and limits the rate-of- rise of VFT. By applying small resistor and inductance values, only 10% to 20 % of the VFT peak voltages will be damped but this damping is sufficient to keep the VFT peak well below the breakdowns strength of GIS equipment.

During opening of the switching device first and second arcing contacts will open after the first and second main contacts. Due to the low frequencies (e.g. 50 or 60Hz) involved during the bus transfer after the opening of the main contacts, only the resistive element is active. During the bus-transfer switching, the bus transfer current will generate a voltage drop on the small resistor which is several 100 V. This voltage is already higher than the arc voltage. Therefore, the bus transfer time and the corresponding contact wear will be strongly reduced. It is proposed to use resistor material with positive temperature coefficient PTC. Therefore, the energy dissipated during opening will increase the resistance value and further improves bus transfer capability.

The invention has been described on the basis of embodiments which are shown in the appended drawings and from which further advantages and modifications emerge. However, the disclosure is not restricted to the embodiments described in concrete terms, but rather can be modified and varied in a suitable manner. It lies within the scope to combine individual features and combinations of features of one embodiment with features and combinations of features of another embodiment in a suitable manner in order to arrive at further embodiments.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art, based upon the teachings herein, that changes and modifications may be made without departing from the disclosure and its broader aspects. That is, all examples set forth herein above are intended to be exemplary and non-limiting.

LIST OF REFERENCE SYMBOLS

1 metal housing

2,3 main openings 5,6 current conductor

7 drive element

10 first contact element

12 first main contact

14 first arcing contact 16 conductive spring element

18 shield

20 second contact element

21 contact tube; hollow carrier

22 second main contact 24 second arcing contact

25 impedance element

26 gap

31 main switch

32 arcing switch 35 resistor

36 inductance

Claims

1. A switching device comprising:

a housing (1) filled with an insulating gas;

a first contact element (10) comprising a first main contact (12) and a first arcing contact (14); and

a moveable second contact element (20) comprising a second main contact (22) and second arcing contact (24), said second contact element (20) being movable from a first position, where the first and the second main contacts (12, 14) as well as the first and the second arcing contacts (14, 24) are in direct contact, to a second position, where neither the first and the second main contacts (12, 22) nor the first and the second arcing contacts (14, 24) are in direct contact;

said second contact element (20) further comprising an impedance element (25) electrically connecting the second main contact (22) with the second arcing contact (24), wherein the impedance element (25) comprises a resistive element (35) and an inductive element (36) .

2. The switching device in accordance with claim 1, wherein the resistance of the resistive element (35) lies in the range between 0,01 and 10,0 Ohm.

3. The switching device in accordance with claim 1 or 2, wherein the inductivity of the inductive element (36) lies in the range between 1,0 and 50,0 nH.

4. The switching device in accordance with any one of the claims 1 to 3, wherein the resistive element (35) exhibits a positive temperature coefficient.

5. The switching device in accordance with any one of the claims 1 to 4, wherein the resistive element (35) exhibits a skin effect.

6. The switching device in accordance with any one of the claims 1 to 5, wherein the resistive element (35) comprises a ceramic material.

7. The switching device in accordance with any one of the claims 1 to 6, wherein the inductive element (36) and the resistive element (35) integrally form a single impedance element (25) .

8. The switching device in accordance with any one of the preceding claims, wherein the voltage drop over the impedance element (25) is lower than 1/10 of the rated voltage of the switching device.

9. The switching device in accordance with any one of the preceding claims, wherein first contact element (10) comprises a conductive spring element (16) connected to the first arcing contact (14) .

10. The switching device in accordance with any one of the preceding claims, further comprising a drive element (7) to move the second contact element (20) from a first position, where the first and the second main contacts (12, 22) as well as the first and the second arcing contacts (14, 24) are in direct contact, to a second position, where neither the first and the second main contacts (12, 22) nor the first and the second arcing contacts (14, 24) are in direct contact.

11. The switching device in accordance with any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first main contact (12) comprises a contact spring.