WO2010094569A1 - Aquaculture net with pre-oxidized metal wires - Google Patents

Aquaculture net with pre-oxidized metal wires Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010094569A1
WO2010094569A1 PCT/EP2010/051328 EP2010051328W WO2010094569A1 WO 2010094569 A1 WO2010094569 A1 WO 2010094569A1 EP 2010051328 W EP2010051328 W EP 2010051328W WO 2010094569 A1 WO2010094569 A1 WO 2010094569A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
copper
aquaculture net
metal wires
net according
wires
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2010/051328
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Xavier Amils
Charles Coffin
Original Assignee
Nv Bekaert Sa
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nv Bekaert Sa filed Critical Nv Bekaert Sa
Publication of WO2010094569A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010094569A1/en

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/60—Floating cultivation devices, e.g. rafts or floating fish-farms
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an aquaculture net with metal wires.
  • Aquaculture nets or fish-farming nets are used to raise aquatic life such as fish.
  • the aquaculture net keeps the aquatic life controlled and contained and protects the aquatic life inside the net against predators such as sharks and sea wolfs.
  • the aquaculture nets are usually of the chain-link fence type. This is a fence of metal wires woven into a diamond pattern. The meshes have a dimension that is smaller than the dimension of the fish contained in the nets. Each metal wire is preformed by bending so that it exhibits a wavy pattern with maxima and minima. The maxima of a metal wire interlock with the minima of a neighbouring wire to form the patterns of a series of diamonds.
  • An embodiment of an aquaculture net has been disclosed in WO-A1 -2007/031352.
  • Aquaculture nets with galvanized wires offer an acceptable resistance against bio-fouling, i.e. against fouling material that may grow on the mesh structure.
  • fouling material refer to fouling organisms such as barnacles, algae or molluscs, which may attach and grow to the wire material of the mesh structure.
  • this fouling mechanism may be so persistent that entire openings in the meshes may be filled blocking any introduction of fresh water or nutrition into the volume inside the mesh structure, even with galvanized wires. Once fouling material can start growing on the wire surfaces, it is difficult to prevent it from further growing.
  • JP-A-2004-261023 discloses a steel wire for aquaculture nets.
  • the steel wire has a stainless steel core and a metal coating of cupronickel: a copper nickel alloy with nickel content ranging between 10 % and 30 % by weight.
  • the metal coating can be applied either by hot dipping the stainless steel core in a copper nickel bath or by plating the stainless steel core with copper, thereafter with nickel and finally applying a thermal diffusion treatment.
  • an aquaculture net comprising metal wires, said wires comprising copper or a copper alloy, whereby a layer of copper oxide (CuO and / or C112O) is present at the surface in an amount sufficient to have anti-fouling properties, i.e. to prevent or at least to delay the growth of fouling material in comparison with a surface of metallic copper.
  • a layer of copper oxide CuO and / or C112O
  • CuO and CU2O are very effective anti-fouling material.
  • the layer of copper oxide is in contact with and is adherent to the underlying copper or copper alloy.
  • the surface copper oxide layer may comprise both Cu + and Cu 2+ .
  • the surface oxide layer has a thickness varying from 10 nm to 300 nm, e.g. from 20 nm to 200 nm, e.g. between 50 nm and 150 nm. Thicknesses below 10 nm are not sufficient to prevent fouling.
  • the surface copper oxide layer is formed from the underlying copper alloy layer and is in contact with and adhering to the underlying copper alloy layer.
  • said copper alloy is a copper nickel alloy.
  • said copper alloy is CuNi x Fe y whereby x is 9, 10 or 11 or 30 and y is 1.
  • said metal coating is CuNi ⁇ Sn y whereby x is 8, 9, 10 or 11 and y is 1 , 2 or 3, or 15.
  • x and y are weight percentages.
  • said metal coating is CuNiioFeis or CuNigSn2
  • the copper nickel alloy comprises at least 80 per cent by weight copper and between 5 per cent by weight and 15 per cent by weight nickel.
  • NiO is present at the surface of the steel wire in an amount further delaying the growth of fouling material on the surface of the steel wires.
  • an aquaculture net wherein said metal wires have a steel core and a copper or copper alloy coating on and around the steel core.
  • the steel core may be a stainless steel core or a carbon steel core.
  • said surface of said metal wires is obtainable by means of a thermal treatment under an oxidizing atmosphere or by means of a pre-oxidizing treatment or by a combination of both.
  • the wire surface is cleaned thoroughly. Indeed, it has been the experience that any remaining soap material on the surface of the wire may be a good basis for fouling material, which is to be avoided.
  • the carbon content remaining on the surface of the metal wires in remaining soap material is an indication of the amount of soap material still on the surface of the metal wire.
  • the remaining soap material and thus the carbon content on the surface must be as low as possible. It is the experience of the inventors that the cleaning must be such that the remaining C content on the surface of said metal wires is less than 20 ppm, e.g. less than 15 ppm, e.g. between 5 ppm and 10 ppm.
  • an aquaculture net is provided wherein said metal wires comprise at least 10% combined Cu+ and Cu 2 +, preferably 15% Cu 2 + and 85 % Cu and Cu+.
  • Figure 1 shows an aquaculture net overgrown with bio-fouling material.
  • Figure 2 shows a cross-section of a metal wire having a steel core and a metal coating.
  • Figure 3 shows a cross-section of a bulk metal wire.
  • FIG 1 shows an aquaculture net 10 whereby the metal wires 12 of the mesh structure are overgrown with bio-fouling organisms 13, such as barnacles, algae or molluscs that attach to the net.
  • bio-fouling organisms 13 such as barnacles, algae or molluscs that attach to the net.
  • the fouling mechanism may be so persistent that entire openings in the meshes may be filled blocking any introduction of fresh water or nutrition into the volume inside the mesh structure.
  • Figure 2 shows a cross-section of a metal wire 12 according to the invention.
  • a metal coating 16 is applied, e.g. by means of welding or by means of electroplating or by means of thermo-diffusion to a steel core 14.
  • Figure 3 shows show a cross-section of a bulk metal wire 18 entirely made of copper or of a copper alloy.
  • the aquaculture net according to the present invention is preferably manufactured from metal wires 12 where a metal coating 16 is applied to a steel core 14, e.g. a stainless steel core.
  • the coating comprises copper or a copper alloy. Due to the higher tensile strength of stainless steel, coated stainless steel wires are much lighter in weight than e.g. bulk CuNi wires.
  • the metal coating may be applied either by hot dipping the stainless steel core in a copper or copper alloy bath or by plating the stainless steel core with copper or copper alloy, and/or applying a thermal diffusion treatment. Preferably, however, the metal coating is welded on or around the steel core wire. This steel core with a welded metal coating may then be further drawn to a final diameter.
  • the steel core according to the invention is a hard drawn steel wire.
  • Hard drawn steel increases the tensile strength and anti-corrosion properties of steel wires used in aquaculture nets.
  • First embodiment Batch thermal treatment in an oxidizing atmosphere.
  • a strip of CuNi with 10% of nickel has been welded around a hard-drawn 304 F stainless steel wire.
  • the thus coated stainless steel wire has been further drawn and thereafter wound on a spider.
  • the wires have been subsequently thermally treated, e.g. batch annealed by putting the spider in a pot furnace under an oxidizing atmosphere of a mix of methane gas and oxygen. This thermal treatment was done at e.g. 850 °C during three to five hours. Thereafter the spider with the wire was cooled down in a first phase to about 300 °C in the pot furnace, thereafter in a second phase to ambient temperature in ambient air.
  • a first advantage was a softer metal structure so that the making of a chain-link fence was easier than from non-annealed steel wires.
  • a second advantage was the creation of copper oxides on the surface, which have showed to be more effective against fouling.
  • the mesh had a black surface.
  • This improved anti-fouling effect of the wires in the aquaculture net is achieved by the Cu 2+ O 2 - and/or NiO that is found on the surface as a result of the thermal treatment under oxidizing atmosphere.
  • the tensile strength of the wires was 611 MPa and the hardness of the CuNi coating was 122 HVN.
  • Second embodiment Pre-oxidizing and continuous thermal treatment
  • a strip of CuNi with 10% of nickel has been clad around a hard-drawn 304 F stainless steel wire.
  • the thus coated stainless steel wire has been hard drawn until a final diameter.
  • the hard drawn coated stainless steel wire is then cleaned to remove soaps and / or BORAX ® (this is a natrium salt Na2B 4 O7.10(HbO)), and or any any drawing greases applied when drawing the wire.
  • the amount of carbon content on the wire surface was 5,49 ppm, in another example the amount of carbon content on the wire surface as 13,62 ppm.
  • a well cleaned wire has a carbon content on the surface which is less than 20 ppm, e.g. less than 15 ppm, e.g. between 5 ppm and 10 ppm.
  • the coated wire is pre-oxidized to a certain degree.
  • Simultaneous cleaning and pre-oxidation can be done e.g. in a solution of NaCIO.
  • suitable alkaline or acid solutions such as HsPO 4 , which may content surfactants, are possible.
  • This pre-oxidation continues - if already started - or starts - if not already started - in a continuous thermal treatment at about 400 to 500 °C.
  • a layer of a mixture of CU2O and CuO is forming on the surface.
  • a minimum thickness of the layer is 20 nm.
  • the tensile strength of the wires was 620 MPa and the hardness of the CuNi coating was 132 HVN.
  • the final treated wire may have a reddish surface which is due to the large amount of CU2O on the surface.
  • the mesh resulting from the thus treated wire has good anti-fouling properties.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)

Abstract

An aquaculture net (10) is provided comprising metal wires(12) with copper or copper alloy (16) at the surface. CuO or Cu2O is present at the surface in a layer with a minimum thickness of 10 to 20 nm. This copper oxide layer provides an improved resistance against fouling.

Description

AQUACULTURE NET WITH PRE-OXIDIZED METAL WIRES
Technical Field
[0001] The invention relates to an aquaculture net with metal wires.
Background Art
[0002] Aquaculture nets or fish-farming nets are used to raise aquatic life such as fish. The aquaculture net keeps the aquatic life controlled and contained and protects the aquatic life inside the net against predators such as sharks and sea wolfs.
[0003] The aquaculture nets are usually of the chain-link fence type. This is a fence of metal wires woven into a diamond pattern. The meshes have a dimension that is smaller than the dimension of the fish contained in the nets. Each metal wire is preformed by bending so that it exhibits a wavy pattern with maxima and minima. The maxima of a metal wire interlock with the minima of a neighbouring wire to form the patterns of a series of diamonds. An embodiment of an aquaculture net has been disclosed in WO-A1 -2007/031352.
[0004] Other aquaculture nets in the form of welded structures also exist.
[0005] Experience has shown, however, that aquaculture nets whether of the chain-link fence type or not also have some disadvantages. Aquaculture nets have been discovered where fouling is a big problem.
[0006] In addition, aquaculture nets have been discovered where one or more of the metal wires were broken after a limited life time. Investigation of the failing aquaculture nets revealed that particularly the upper metal wires in the aquaculture net were broken. Indeed, the ocean or the sea forms a huge challenge with respect to corrosion-resistance. In addition to this highly corroding environment, the waves and tidings subject the aquaculture net to a continuous and repeated movement. In an aquaculture net of the chain-link fence type, each metal wire must carry the weight of the rest of the net below it. The upper wire makes point contacts with the wire just below it. These point contacts are located at a point where both the upper wire and the wire just below it are subjected to both a bending and a torsion deformation. The continuous and repeated imposed movements in this aggressive environment create fretting at the point contacts and may result in breaking the wires of the net. [0007] Aquaculture nets with galvanized wires offer an acceptable resistance against bio-fouling, i.e. against fouling material that may grow on the mesh structure. Within the context of the present invention, the terms fouling material refer to fouling organisms such as barnacles, algae or molluscs, which may attach and grow to the wire material of the mesh structure. However, this fouling mechanism may be so persistent that entire openings in the meshes may be filled blocking any introduction of fresh water or nutrition into the volume inside the mesh structure, even with galvanized wires. Once fouling material can start growing on the wire surfaces, it is difficult to prevent it from further growing.
[0008] Therefore, there is a need for aquaculture nets with both better anti-fouling and anti-corrosion properties. It does not suffice to prevent fouling. In addition, the aquaculture net must have an acceptable life time.
[0009] JP-A-2004-261023 discloses a steel wire for aquaculture nets. The steel wire has a stainless steel core and a metal coating of cupronickel: a copper nickel alloy with nickel content ranging between 10 % and 30 % by weight. The metal coating can be applied either by hot dipping the stainless steel core in a copper nickel bath or by plating the stainless steel core with copper, thereafter with nickel and finally applying a thermal diffusion treatment.
Disclosure of Invention
[0010] It is an object of the present invention to avoid the drawbacks of the prior art.
[0011] It is a further object of the present invention to further improve the anti- fouling properties of aquaculture nets.
[0012] According to the present invention, there is provided an aquaculture net comprising metal wires, said wires comprising copper or a copper alloy, whereby a layer of copper oxide (CuO and / or C112O) is present at the surface in an amount sufficient to have anti-fouling properties, i.e. to prevent or at least to delay the growth of fouling material in comparison with a surface of metallic copper. Experience and tests have shown that CuO and CU2O are very effective anti-fouling material. The layer of copper oxide is in contact with and is adherent to the underlying copper or copper alloy.
[0013] The surface copper oxide layer may comprise both Cu+ and Cu2+.
Experiments have shown that sufficient amounts for anti-fouling properties mean that the surface oxide layer has a thickness varying from 10 nm to 300 nm, e.g. from 20 nm to 200 nm, e.g. between 50 nm and 150 nm. Thicknesses below 10 nm are not sufficient to prevent fouling. Preferably the surface copper oxide layer is formed from the underlying copper alloy layer and is in contact with and adhering to the underlying copper alloy layer.
[0014] Existing copper alloy wire surfaces may have some unavoidable traces of copper oxide at the surface before putting these wires in a marine environment. However, these traces do not provide a sufficient amount to delay fouling from the beginning. Copper oxides may start to grow when putting these wires in the ocean or the sea. However, this growth takes time. During this slow growth fouling material looks for basis on those spots of the wire surface where oxides are not yet present. As mentioned, once fouling material has found sound basis, fouling is difficult to stop.
[0015] In a preferred embodiment said copper alloy is a copper nickel alloy.
[0016] In one particular embodiment said copper alloy is CuNixFey whereby x is 9, 10 or 11 or 30 and y is 1. In another embodiment said metal coating is CuNiχSny whereby x is 8, 9, 10 or 11 and y is 1 , 2 or 3, or 15. Herein x and y are weight percentages. In a preferred embodiment said metal coating is CuNiioFeis or CuNigSn2 These two types of copper alloys have the advantage that they are hardening during annealing resulting in a metal wire with an increase abrasion resistance.
[0017] In a further preferable embodiment the copper nickel alloy comprises at least 80 per cent by weight copper and between 5 per cent by weight and 15 per cent by weight nickel.
[0018] In another embodiment NiO is present at the surface of the steel wire in an amount further delaying the growth of fouling material on the surface of the steel wires.
[0019] In a further embodiment an aquaculture net is provided wherein said metal wires have a steel core and a copper or copper alloy coating on and around the steel core. The steel core may be a stainless steel core or a carbon steel core.
[0020] In yet a further embodiment said surface of said metal wires is obtainable by means of a thermal treatment under an oxidizing atmosphere or by means of a pre-oxidizing treatment or by a combination of both.
[0021] In a most preferable embodiment, in addition to providing the surface of the metal wires with a copper oxide, the wire surface is cleaned thoroughly. Indeed, it has been the experience that any remaining soap material on the surface of the wire may be a good basis for fouling material, which is to be avoided. The carbon content remaining on the surface of the metal wires in remaining soap material is an indication of the amount of soap material still on the surface of the metal wire. The remaining soap material and thus the carbon content on the surface must be as low as possible. It is the experience of the inventors that the cleaning must be such that the remaining C content on the surface of said metal wires is less than 20 ppm, e.g. less than 15 ppm, e.g. between 5 ppm and 10 ppm. [0022] In another embodiment an aquaculture net is provided wherein said metal wires comprise at least 10% combined Cu+ and Cu2+, preferably 15% Cu2+ and 85 % Cu and Cu+.
Brief Description of Figures in the Drawings
[0023] Figure 1 shows an aquaculture net overgrown with bio-fouling material.
[0024] Figure 2 shows a cross-section of a metal wire having a steel core and a metal coating. [0025] Figure 3 shows a cross-section of a bulk metal wire.
Mode(s) for Carrying Out the Invention
[0026] Figure 1 shows an aquaculture net 10 whereby the metal wires 12 of the mesh structure are overgrown with bio-fouling organisms 13, such as barnacles, algae or molluscs that attach to the net. The fouling mechanism may be so persistent that entire openings in the meshes may be filled blocking any introduction of fresh water or nutrition into the volume inside the mesh structure.
[0027] Figure 2 shows a cross-section of a metal wire 12 according to the invention. A metal coating 16 is applied, e.g. by means of welding or by means of electroplating or by means of thermo-diffusion to a steel core 14.
[0028] Figure 3 shows show a cross-section of a bulk metal wire 18 entirely made of copper or of a copper alloy.
[0029] The aquaculture net according to the present invention is preferably manufactured from metal wires 12 where a metal coating 16 is applied to a steel core 14, e.g. a stainless steel core. The coating comprises copper or a copper alloy. Due to the higher tensile strength of stainless steel, coated stainless steel wires are much lighter in weight than e.g. bulk CuNi wires.
[0030] The metal coating may be applied either by hot dipping the stainless steel core in a copper or copper alloy bath or by plating the stainless steel core with copper or copper alloy, and/or applying a thermal diffusion treatment. Preferably, however, the metal coating is welded on or around the steel core wire. This steel core with a welded metal coating may then be further drawn to a final diameter.
[0031] Preferably the steel core according to the invention is a hard drawn steel wire. Hard drawn steel increases the tensile strength and anti-corrosion properties of steel wires used in aquaculture nets.
[0032] Regarding the coating material, copper nickel coatings have proven to provide a good resistance against corrosion because of the nickel, and an acceptable resistance against fouling because of the effect of copper. CuNi is also very efficient against corrosion. The present invention, however, further increases the anti-fouling behaviour.
[0033] First embodiment: Batch thermal treatment in an oxidizing atmosphere.
[0034] A strip of CuNi with 10% of nickel has been welded around a hard-drawn 304 F stainless steel wire. The thus coated stainless steel wire has been further drawn and thereafter wound on a spider. In order to decrease the hardness of steel wires to be woven into a chain-link fence, the wires have been subsequently thermally treated, e.g. batch annealed by putting the spider in a pot furnace under an oxidizing atmosphere of a mix of methane gas and oxygen. This thermal treatment was done at e.g. 850 °C during three to five hours. Thereafter the spider with the wire was cooled down in a first phase to about 300 °C in the pot furnace, thereafter in a second phase to ambient temperature in ambient air.
[0035] A first advantage was a softer metal structure so that the making of a chain-link fence was easier than from non-annealed steel wires.
[0036] A second advantage was the creation of copper oxides on the surface, which have showed to be more effective against fouling. The mesh had a black surface.
This improved anti-fouling effect of the wires in the aquaculture net is achieved by the Cu2+O2- and/or NiO that is found on the surface as a result of the thermal treatment under oxidizing atmosphere. [0037] The tensile strength of the wires was 611 MPa and the hardness of the CuNi coating was 122 HVN.
[0038] Second embodiment: Pre-oxidizing and continuous thermal treatment
[0039] A strip of CuNi with 10% of nickel has been clad around a hard-drawn 304 F stainless steel wire. The thus coated stainless steel wire has been hard drawn until a final diameter. The hard drawn coated stainless steel wire is then cleaned to remove soaps and / or BORAX® (this is a natrium salt Na2B4O7.10(HbO)), and or any any drawing greases applied when drawing the wire. In one example, the amount of carbon content on the wire surface was 5,49 ppm, in another example the amount of carbon content on the wire surface as 13,62 ppm. Generally, a well cleaned wire has a carbon content on the surface which is less than 20 ppm, e.g. less than 15 ppm, e.g. between 5 ppm and 10 ppm.
Next to this cleaning or simultaneously to this cleaning, the coated wire is pre-oxidized to a certain degree.
[0040] Simultaneous cleaning and pre-oxidation can be done e.g. in a solution of NaCIO. Other suitable alkaline or acid solutions such as HsPO4, which may content surfactants, are possible.
[0041] This pre-oxidation continues - if already started - or starts - if not already started - in a continuous thermal treatment at about 400 to 500 °C. A layer of a mixture of CU2O and CuO is forming on the surface. A minimum thickness of the layer is 20 nm.
[0042] The tensile strength of the wires was 620 MPa and the hardness of the CuNi coating was 132 HVN.
[0043] The final treated wire may have a reddish surface which is due to the large amount of CU2O on the surface.
[0044] The mesh resulting from the thus treated wire has good anti-fouling properties.

Claims

Claims
1. An aquaculture net comprising metal wires, said wires comprising copper or a copper alloy, characterized in that a layer of copper oxide is present at the surface of said wires in an amount sufficient to have anti-fouling properties, said layer being in contact with and being adherent to said copper or copper alloy.
2. An aquaculture net according to claim 1 , wherein said metal wires have a surface oxide layer comprising Cu+ and Cu2+
3. An aquaculture net according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said surface oxide layer has a thickness varying from 10 nm to 200 nm.
4. An aquaculture net according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said copper alloy is a copper nickel alloy.
5. An aquaculture net according to claim 5, wherein NiO is also present at the surface.
6. An aquaculture net according to claim 4, wherein said metal wires have a stainless steel or carbon steel core and a copper nickel alloy coating on said core.
7. An aquaculture net according to any one of the preceding claims wherein said surface of said metal wires is obtainable by means of a thermal treatment in an oxidizing atmosphere.
8. An aquaculture net according to any one of the preceding claims wherein said surface of said metal wires is obtainable by means of pre-oxidizing.
9. An aquaculture net according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the metal wires have been cleaned so that C content, which remained on the surface of said metal wires as part of remaining soap, is less than 20 ppm.
10. An aquaculture net according to any one of the preceding claims wherein said metal wires comprise at least 10% combined Cu+ and Cu2+, preferably 15% Cu2+ and 85 % Cu and Cu+ at their surfaces.
11. An aquaculture net according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said copper nickel alloy comprises at least 80 per cent by weight copper and between 5 and 15 per cent by weight nickel.
PCT/EP2010/051328 2009-02-19 2010-02-04 Aquaculture net with pre-oxidized metal wires WO2010094569A1 (en)

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EP09153171 2009-02-19
EP09153171.5 2009-02-19

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Cited By (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2580958A1 (en) * 2011-10-10 2013-04-17 Geobrugg Ag Device for a farming installation for animals in a body of water
CN103609496A (en) * 2013-11-25 2014-03-05 中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所 Processing method for large netting gear clothes of double-layer structure
EP2820245A2 (en) * 2012-02-28 2015-01-07 NV Bekaert SA Knotted mesh as supporting material in mines
DE102017007138B3 (en) 2017-07-27 2018-09-27 Wieland-Werke Ag Wire material, net and breeding cage for aquaculture
JP7493733B2 (en) 2020-12-13 2024-06-03 株式会社ヤマイチネット Animal protection net

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US5967086A (en) * 1997-11-06 1999-10-19 Knott, Sr.; James M. Aquaculture method and apparatus
JP2004261023A (en) 2003-02-28 2004-09-24 Kanai Hiroaki Wire for crawl
WO2007031352A1 (en) 2005-09-15 2007-03-22 Nv Bekaert Sa Foldable aquaculture net
CN101074331A (en) * 2007-05-29 2007-11-21 武汉理工大学 Composite coating with friction-decreasing function and biological-foul and seawater resistances and its production
WO2009089970A1 (en) * 2008-01-18 2009-07-23 Nv Bekaert Sa Aquaculture net with high-tensile steel wires
WO2009095135A1 (en) * 2008-01-30 2009-08-06 Nv Bekaert Sa Aquaculture net with steel wires coated with metal strip

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US5967086A (en) * 1997-11-06 1999-10-19 Knott, Sr.; James M. Aquaculture method and apparatus
JP2004261023A (en) 2003-02-28 2004-09-24 Kanai Hiroaki Wire for crawl
WO2007031352A1 (en) 2005-09-15 2007-03-22 Nv Bekaert Sa Foldable aquaculture net
CN101074331A (en) * 2007-05-29 2007-11-21 武汉理工大学 Composite coating with friction-decreasing function and biological-foul and seawater resistances and its production
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WO2009095135A1 (en) * 2008-01-30 2009-08-06 Nv Bekaert Sa Aquaculture net with steel wires coated with metal strip

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2580958A1 (en) * 2011-10-10 2013-04-17 Geobrugg Ag Device for a farming installation for animals in a body of water
EP2820245A2 (en) * 2012-02-28 2015-01-07 NV Bekaert SA Knotted mesh as supporting material in mines
CN103609496A (en) * 2013-11-25 2014-03-05 中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所 Processing method for large netting gear clothes of double-layer structure
DE102017007138B3 (en) 2017-07-27 2018-09-27 Wieland-Werke Ag Wire material, net and breeding cage for aquaculture
US11172659B2 (en) 2017-07-27 2021-11-16 Wieland-Werke Ag Wire material consisting of a copper alloy, mesh and breeding cage for aquaculture
JP7493733B2 (en) 2020-12-13 2024-06-03 株式会社ヤマイチネット Animal protection net

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