JP3280250B2 - Fish culture nets and fish culture cages - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates to the cultivation nets and for fish
The present invention relates to a fish culture cage using the same.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As a marine aquaculture net used for cultivating fish such as puffer fish, for example, a net made of iron or a synthetic fiber such as nylon or polypropylene is generally used.

[0003] However, in such an iron net or a synthetic fiber net, marine organisms such as shellfish and algae such as barnacles are liable to adhere. In addition, insufficient supply of oxygen and underwater nutrients to the cultured seawater may adversely affect the growth of the cultured fish (stress, poor growth due to disease, etc.). For this reason, air has been conventionally sprayed once or twice a year to remove marine organisms attached to the net. It is dangerous and the operation cost is extremely high.
In addition, in the period immediately before the net cleaning operation, even if the mesh is not completely closed, a considerable amount of marine organisms are attached, so that the adverse effect on the cultured fish cannot be excluded so much. In addition, the air injection gives a strong stress to the cultured fish, which also hinders its healthy growth.

[0004] Further, in the iron net, since the iron constituting the iron net is poor in seawater corrosion resistance, the net is easily broken due to the corrosion of the constituent wire in a relatively short period of time. If the net breaks even in one place, the cultured fish escape from there and cause great damage,
It is necessary to change the iron mesh regularly. For this reason, under the present circumstances, it is common that the iron net is replaced after about two years. By the way, the time required for a cultured fish to grow from a juvenile fish to an adult fish having commercial value (hereinafter referred to as the “culture period”) is about two years for fast-growing fish, but more than three years for high-grade fish such as puffer fish. Is usually. Therefore, in many cases, net exchange is performed during the aquaculture period, and it is necessary to transfer farmed fish at the time of net exchange,
Not only is the labor and cost burden required for net replacement work large, but also adverse effects on farmed fish due to relocation (stress, etc.)
Is extremely large. It should be noted that the synthetic fiber net is not corroded by seawater, but is inherently inferior in strength, so that its service life is shorter than that of the iron net, and it is necessary to replace it in a short period of time.

Therefore, recently, a culture net using a copper-based alloy wire rod has been proposed as a culture net. In such a culture net made of a copper-based alloy, adhesion of marine organisms such as barnacles is prevented by the action of copper ions eluted from a wire rod (hereinafter, referred to as a barnacle).
This property is referred to as "algae resistance"), and the cultured seawater is sterilized and sterilized. Therefore, it is not necessary to perform the net cleaning operation by air injection, and it is possible to reduce the labor and cost associated therewith and to eliminate the adverse effects on the cultured fish (stress or the like applied to the cultured fish by air injection). Moreover, by sterilizing and disinfecting the cultured seawater, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of the disease and the adverse effects of parasites of the cultured fish as much as possible, and to improve the sound growth and the growth rate of the cultured fish. it can.

[0006] Therefore, according to the cultivation cage using the culture net made of the copper-based alloy, the production yield is improved as compared with the case where the iron net or the synthetic fiber net is used, and the cultured fish having a high commercial value is obtained. And the development of the aquaculture industry is expected.

[0007]

By the way, as long as the culture net is suspended and supported, if the mechanical strength of the wire is insufficient, the wire is broken by its own weight. Further, since the culture net is constantly rocked by the waves and the wind, the wires come into strong contact with each other (scratch) and wear. In addition, since waves repeatedly collide with the culture net, the wire rods become thinner and thinner due to the erosion effect of the impact (hereinafter, referred to as a “wire”)
This phenomenon is called "erosion"). Also, since seawater has metal corrosive properties, the wire rods are corroded by contact with seawater (hereinafter, such corrosion is referred to as "seawater corrosion"). Therefore, the cultivation net composed of a wire rod lacking at least one of mechanical strength, abrasion resistance, erosion resistance, and seawater corrosion resistance has an insufficient service life.

[0008] However, although various compositions have been proposed as copper-based alloys, known copper-based alloys have mechanical strength and abrasion resistance higher than required for aquaculture nets. There is no one that has all resistance to erosion and seawater corrosion. For example, the strength,
In terms of wear resistance and erosion resistance, copper-zinc based copper-based alloys have wear resistance, erosion resistance and seawater corrosion resistance, and copper-nickel based copper-based alloys have wear resistance. However, there are problems in terms of resistance and erosion resistance (and material cost). Incidentally, the present inventor has confirmed through experiments that the service life of a cultured net manufactured using a known copper-based alloy is equal to or less than that of an iron net. For example, Naval brass (JIS C4621, CDA) which is a copper-based alloy having excellent seawater resistance.
Even when C46600 is used, a service life equivalent to that of an iron net can only be secured (the service life is only about two years at most). Therefore, aquaculture nets made of copper-based alloys are more expensive than those made of iron or synthetic fibers in terms of material costs. However, such a service life is not profitable at all. For this reason, those made of copper-based alloys have extremely excellent aquaculture advantages over iron-made or synthetic-fiber ones in that they have anti-algal properties, sterilization and sterilization properties. In fact, it has not been put to practical use yet in terms of total cost including the service life.

[0009]

[0010]

[0011] The present invention is, in view of such circumstances, without damaging the copper base alloy original characteristics, and seawater resistance copper-based alloy Kiru de greatly improve the seawater resistance constituting material < br /> it is an object to provide a fish farming cages using practical fish for cultivation nets and this.

[0012]

[MEANS FOR SOLVING THE PROBLEMS] Claim 1 or Claim 2
In the invention, copper 62.0-69.0% by weight, tin 0.2-
1.0% by weight and 0.02-0.15% by weight of antimony
And a balance of zinc and unavoidable impurities in the metal composition of seawater-resistant copper-based alloy or copper 62.0-69.0
Wt%, tin 0.2-1.0 wt% and antimony 0.0
2 to 0.15% by weight and phosphorus 0.02 to 0.
15% by weight, 0.1 to 1.0% by weight of nickel and 0.1% by weight of iron.
One or two elements selected from 0.5 to 0.8% by weight
Metallic group containing and the balance being zinc and unavoidable impurities
Composed of a wire made of a seawater-resistant copper-based alloy
Forming an oxide film on the culture net at multiple locations below the sea surface
Characterized by the provision of a sacrificial anode for
We propose a fish culture net .

[0013]

[0014] By the way, seawater is a constituent member of the aquaculture network
The main reasons for setting the metal composition of the copper-based alloy as described above are as follows.

That is, copper is a basic element, and if the added amount of copper is less than 62.0% by weight, good corrosion resistance cannot be obtained.
On the other hand, when the content exceeds 69.0% by weight, the hot workability decreases. Corrosion resistance also not improved to the extent commensurate with the added amount, cultivation nets
Material cost increases of. For these reasons, the added amount of copper is 62.0 to 69.0% by weight.

Addition of at least 0.2% by weight of tin has the effect of improving corrosion resistance, erosion resistance, abrasion resistance and strength. However, even if it exceeds 1.0% by weight,
The effect corresponding to the added amount cannot be obtained, and the hot workability and the cold workability are rather deteriorated. Therefore, the amount of tin added was set to 0.2 to 1.0% by weight.

Antimony has an effect of improving corrosion resistance (particularly, dezincification corrosion resistance) by adding 0.02% by weight or more. However, even if it is added in excess of 0.15% by weight, the effect corresponding thereto cannot be obtained, and the hot workability and the cold workability are rather deteriorated. . Therefore, the addition amount of antimony was set to 0.02 to 0.15% by weight.

By adding one or more of phosphorus, nickel and iron, the above properties of the copper-based alloy are further improved. Phosphorus improves corrosion resistance, and further improves abrasion resistance and erosion resistance by co-addition with nickel or iron. However, such an effect is not sufficiently exhibited when the addition is less than 0.02% by weight. On the other hand, if the added amount of phosphorus exceeds 0.15% by weight, not only the effect corresponding to the added amount is not obtained, but also the hot workability and the cold workability are lowered, and the sensitivity to stress corrosion cracking is increased. Such a problem arises. Also, nickel or iron improves mechanical strength, wear resistance and erosion resistance by adding one or both of them. In particular, nickel has an effect of improving corrosion resistance. Therefore, in order for the effect of the addition of nickel or iron to be sufficiently exhibited, regardless of whether or not both are co-added, and whether or not phosphorus is co-added, nickel or iron is not added. It is necessary to set the addition amount to 0.1% by weight or more or 0.05% by weight or more, respectively. But,
The amount of nickel or iron added is 1.0% by weight or 0.8%, respectively.
If the amount is more than 10% by weight, not only an effect corresponding to the added amount cannot be obtained, but also adverse effects such as a decrease in cold workability occur. Therefore, in addition to copper, tin, antimony, and zinc,
When phosphorus, nickel, and iron are added, phosphorus is added in an amount of 0.1%, including nickel and iron.
It is appropriate to add in the range of 02 to 0.15% by weight, and for nickel, it is appropriate to add in the range of 0.1 to 1.0% by weight including the case where phosphorus or iron is co-added. It is appropriate to add iron in the range of 0.05 to 0.8% by weight including the case where phosphorus or nickel is added. The reason for excluding the addition of all of phosphorus, nickel and iron is that even if all of them are added,
This is because a remarkable effect is not recognized as compared with the case where one or two kinds are added, and it is meaningless or useless.

[0019]

[0020]

[0021]

[0022]

Meanwhile, a culture net made of a copper-based alloy exhibits excellent functions for culturing fish such as algae-proof and sterilization / sterilization properties. Such a function is eluted from the constituent wires of the culture net. This is due to the action of copper ions. On the other hand, the elution of the copper ions naturally promotes the erosion of the wire rod and lowers the durability of the culture net. Thus, the elution of copper ions is a double-edged sword, which is one of the factors that make it impossible to use a culture net made of a copper-based alloy.

Therefore, the invention of claim 1 or claim 2
In the case of fish culture nets that can be cultivated, the harmful effects of copper ion elution (cultured nets due to erosion of wire rods) while ensuring copper ion elution sufficient to ensure sufficient and anti-algal properties and sterilization / sterilization properties necessary for aquaculture. As described above, it is proposed that sacrificial anodes for forming an oxide film on the cultivation net be provided at a plurality of locations below the sea surface in the cultivation net in order to eliminate as much as possible the durability of the cultivation net. .

That is, as described above, 10 to 50 below the sea surface
Although the erosion (reduction of the wire diameter of the wire rod) is remarkable in the part of cm, the degree of the erosion is not uniform, and particularly remarkable erosion is recognized in a portion specified according to the shape of the cultured net. For example, in a general aquaculture net having a square cylindrical shape, erosion is severe even at a portion 10 to 50 cm below the sea surface, particularly at four corners. On the other hand, such a specific portion is a very small part of the whole culture net, and even if the copper ion elution from such a portion is suppressed by the oxide film, the copper ion elution effect of the whole culture net is hardly affected.

In view of the above point, the above proposal focuses on forming an oxide film that suppresses elution of copper ions only at a specific location where erosion is particularly severe, that is, local reinforcement by forming an oxide film. By carrying out the method, the durability of the whole culture net is improved while ensuring the elution of copper ions that can secure an appropriate algal protection property and sterilization / sterilization property.

Here, as the sacrificial anode, it is preferable to use a plate-like or rod-like material made of aluminum or zinc. Generally, the area where the sacrificial anode is installed has a remarkable effect (a range where an effective oxide film is formed) with a radius (average) centered on the area where the sacrificial anode is installed.
It is determined in consideration of the range of about 50 cm. For example, in the above-mentioned rectangular tubular culture net, it is preferable that the sacrificial anode is attached to each corner at a position of 10 to 50 cm (more preferably 30 to 50 cm) below the sea surface. Needless to say, the sacrificial electrode is installed at an early stage after the fish cage is installed, that is, at an early stage when a stable and dense oxide film is formed by the sacrificial electrode. In the invention of claim 3 or claim 4,
Is the above seawater resistant copper-based alloy (copper 62.0-69.0)
Wt%, tin 0.2-1.0 wt% and antimony 0.0
2 to 0.15% by weight, with the balance being zinc and inevitable
Seawater-resistant copper-based alloy or copper with metallic composition consisting of impurities
62.0-69.0% by weight, tin 0.2-1.0% by weight
And 0.02 to 0.15% by weight
0.02 to 0.15% by weight of phosphorus and 0.1 to 1% of nickel.
0% by weight and iron selected from 0.05 to 0.8% by weight.
Containing one or two elements and the balance being zinc and unavoidable
Seawater resistant copper-based alloy with a pure metal composition
A fish culture net consisting of a wire rod
Suspended by a plurality of floats arranged in a ring
Fish farming cages that are adjacent to each other
Fish cultivation characterized by having an interval of 30 cm or less
Propose breeding cages. For fish culture fish cages, general
The fish culture net is arranged in a ring along the outer peripheral surface of the upper end.
With a plurality of floats arranged in a row,
However, based on the inventor's many years of experience,
The extent of the damage is not uniform in all parts of the culture net,
Generally, it is remarkable in the area 10 to 50 cm below the sea level.
You. That is, in such a portion, the wire diameter of the wire is reduced.
The amount is unusually large compared to other mesh parts. But take
Unusual wire diameter reduction is due to the specific location near the sea surface of the culture net.
From the fact that it is concentrated on
(Corrosion, wear resistance, etc.)
It is difficult. On the other hand, places where for fish farming cages are installed, one
Generally, the inland sea has relatively gentle waves, but depending on the season,
The impact of the waves on the culture net due to typhoons, etc. is extremely large
It may be. And experience and experiments of the inventor,
As a result of research, the effect of such waves was 10 to 5
The strongest reception at the 0cm part and its shadow
The extent of the sound depends on the net portion facing the float (hereinafter,
Part) and other parts (gap between adjacent floats)
The part of the mesh corresponding to the part between
), And in the part where the floats are present,
The effect of waves is considerably reduced due to the breaking action
There was found. Also, the mesh part where abnormal wire diameter reduction occurs
Observing and analyzing the detail, 10-50 cm below the sea level
In the part where the float is present and the part where the float is absent
Indicates that the wire diameter reduction degree is clearly different,
It was found that the degree of wire diameter reduction was significantly higher in I
Therefore, judging from these facts comprehensively,
The abnormal decrease in wire diameter depends on the material (seawater corrosion resistance, abrasion resistance).
The effect of waves is extremely large
It can be concluded that it is critical. Therefore, the present inventor
Has, based on these conclusions, conducted a number of experiments and studies.
By repeating, even if there is no float,
When the distance between them is less than a certain value, they are strongly affected by waves.
I determined that it would not be possible. That is, conventional fish farming
In the case of a fish cage, the distance between floats is usually 40 to 50c.
m, but the distance between the floats is 30 cm or less.
Bottom (When the floats are in contact with each other (interval is 0cm
) Is included in the float)
However, the influence of the waves is as small as possible,
I determined that it would be about the same. The number of floats used is
Generally, it is necessary to secure the proper suspension posture of the culture net and to use
Provided that they have a footing on which they can work safely.
To balance the total weight of the components and the workers
It is determined on condition that minimum necessary buoyancy is obtained.
However, if the number of floats used is determined in this way,
Regardless of the size of the cage (perimeter of the culture net, etc.), the distance between the floats
Is inevitably about 40 to 50 cm. Claim 3 or contract
According to the present invention of claim 4, based on the above findings,
Fish culture net composed of a copper-based alloy with excellent seawater resistance
In addition to use, the culture net should be
A plurality of floats arranged annularly in parallel along
Lines due to the effects of waves in fish culture cages
In order to prevent the wire diameter of the material from decreasing as much as possible,
It is proposed that the mutual distance be 30 cm or less. Heel
As mentioned above, the sea surface in the culture net
In order to form an oxide film on the culture net in several places below
Preferably, a sacrificial anode is provided.

Further, in order to further improve the durability of the copper-based alloy net, in addition to the above-described structure, a portion of the culture net that is several tens of centimeters below the sea surface (usually, about 70 cm) is required. It is also preferable to use a wire rod having a diameter larger than the diameter of the wire rod in other culture nets.

[0029]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention.
This will be specifically described with reference to FIGS.

FIGS. 1 to 4 show a fish cultivation cage 1 according to the present invention, which is mainly used for cultivating high-grade fish such as puffer fish.
FIGS. 1 and 2 show the pens (hereinafter referred to as “first pens ₁₁ ”) in the first embodiment, and FIGS. 1 and 3 show the pens in the second embodiment (hereinafter “the first pens ₁₁ ”). 2 cages 1
The called ₂ "), also the fish preserve (hereinafter referred to as" third cage 1 ₃ ") in the third embodiment FIGS. 1 and 4, respectively, are shown.

[0031] Each cage 1 _1, 1 _2, 1 _3, as shown in FIG. 1, the attachment formed by the aquaculture net 3 and the appropriate number of floats 4 ... Oyobi the support frame 2.

As shown in FIG. 1, the support frame 2 is a frame structure formed by assembling light square members, plate members, pipe members, and the like made of wood or the like into a rectangular frame shape. The support frame 2 also serves as a scaffold for aquaculture workers to perform work, and a net attachment portion for attaching an upper end of the aquaculture net 3 is provided on an inner peripheral portion thereof.

As shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, the culture net 3 is made by using a wire 3a... Made of a copper-based alloy by a net maker (metal netting machine) used for manufacturing a conventionally known iron net. It is braided, and has a rectangular cylindrical shape whose upper end is attached to a net attaching portion provided on the inner peripheral portion of the support frame 2 by a wire rope or the like.

Thus, each wire 3a constituting the culture net 3
Is made of a copper-based alloy formed into a linear form having a diameter of 3 to 4 mm by a conventional method. As a constituent material of the wire 3a,
The seawater-resistant copper-based alloy according to claim 1 or claim 3 (hereinafter referred to as “first copper-based alloy”) or claim 2 or
The seawater-resistant copper-based alloy according to claim 4 (hereinafter referred to as “second copper-based alloy”) is used. That is, the first copper-based alloy contains 62.0 to 69.0% by weight of copper, 0.2 to 1.0% by weight of tin, and 0.02 to 0.15% by weight of antimony, and the balance is zinc and inevitable. It is a seawater-resistant copper-based alloy having a metal composition composed of impurities. The second copper-based alloy contains 62.0 to 69.0% by weight of copper, 0.2 to 1.0% by weight of tin, and 0.02 to 0.15% by weight of antimony. 0.15% by weight, nickel 0.1-1.0
It is a seawater-resistant copper-based alloy containing at least one element of at least one element selected from the group consisting of zinc and unavoidable impurities.

As shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, the floats 4 are attached to the lower surface of the support frame 2 in a square ring along the outer peripheral surface of the upper end of the culture net 3. The mutual spacing (hereinafter referred to as “serial spacing”) S and the mutual spacing (hereinafter “corner spacing”) S ′ of the float groups 4... Arranged in series in parallel with each side of the culture net 3 are: Each is the same.

The above is a common configuration for the fish preserve 1 _1, 1 _2, 1 _3, in the first cage 1 _1, float 4 ... the number of used, as in the prior art, cultivation nets 3 as a condition, that is, the securing of a proper hanging posture and the securing of a stable scaffold for the aquaculture worker to work safely, that is, the components of the fish cage (support frame 2, aquaculture net 3, float 4, etc.) and worker It is determined on condition that the minimum buoyancy required to balance with the total weight is obtained. Thus, in this way, Float 4 ...
As a result of determining, in the first cage 1 _1, as shown in FIG. 2, generally, the series gap S becomes 40-50 cm, corner spacing S'is slightly larger or substantially the same as the series gap S.

Further, in the second cage 1 _second or third cage 1 _3, as shown in FIG. 3 or FIG. 4, as the series gap S and corner spacing S'is 30cm or less, float 4 ... of The number of uses is more appropriate than determined above.

It should be noted, the float 4 to be used in each fish preserve 1 _1, 1 _2, 1 ₃ is the same as the those used in conventional fish farming cages, about the length of 1m
It has a barrel shape or a column shape made of torn Styrofoam.

[0039] Further, in the third cage 1 _3, as shown in FIG. 4, subsea 10 to 50 cm (more preferably 30 to 50 cm) in aquaculture network 3 a suitable height site in the range of, ulcers A sacrificial anode 5 made of aluminum or zinc is formed at a location where corrosion is particularly severe, that is, at four corners 3b.
Attach… and a radius of 50cm around this point
It is devised so that a dense oxide film is formed in the range of the extent. That is, the corner portions 3b, which are particularly eroded, are reinforced in advance with an oxide film, whereby the progress of erosion due to elution of copper ions is prevented as much as possible, and the durability of the entire culture net 3 is further improved. Is being planned.

Each of the cages 1 ₁ ,
1 _2, 1 ₃ there are, the aquaculture net 3 wire 3 made of copper-based alloys
a ..., the action of copper ions eluted from the wire rods a ... prevents the adhesion of marine organisms such as barnacles, and sterilizes and sterilizes the cultured seawater area. Therefore, it is not necessary to perform the net cleaning operation by air injection, and it is possible to reduce the labor and cost associated therewith and to eliminate the adverse effects on the cultured fish (stress or the like applied to the cultured fish by air injection). Moreover, by sterilizing and disinfecting the cultured seawater, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of the disease and the adverse effects of parasites of the cultured fish as much as possible, and to improve the sound growth and the growth rate of the cultured fish. it can.

[0041] Furthermore, as will be in the cage 1 _1, 1 _2, 1 _3, first a copper base alloy or second copper-based alloy which is the material of cultivation nets 3 is understood from Example 1 Since it is extremely excellent in seawater resistance as compared with a conventionally known copper-based alloy, the service life of the culture net 3 is greatly improved as compared with the iron net. Therefore, the use of the culture net 3 made of a copper-based alloy in place of the iron net becomes sufficiently profitable, and the practical use is not hindered from the viewpoint of cost. In addition, even when cultivating high-quality fish such as puffer fish with a long cultivation period (for example, the cultivation period required for a puffer fish to grow from a juvenile fish to a commercial fish having a commercial value is about three years), labor is also required during the cultivation period. In addition, there is no need to replace the culture net 3 which is not preferable because of the adverse effect on the cultured fish in addition to the cost.

Further, in the second cage 1 _second or third cage 1 _3, because the spacing, i.e. serial spacing S and corner spacing S'adjacent float 4, 4 and a 30cm or less, cultivation nets 3
Float-free portion 3d of the cultivation net 3 in the same manner as the float-present portion 3c (a portion of the float on the back side facing the float 4, which is hardly affected by waves due to the wave-proof action of the float 4). ... (the net portion located at the same height position as the float 4 and the net portion located between the float existing portions 3c and 3c and including the corresponding portion in the corner portion 3b) is also greatly affected by the waves. There is no. Therefore, it becomes possible to effect潰蝕clogging wire 3a ... wire diameter decreased by the wave is suppressed as much as possible, cultivation nets 3 than the first cage 1 ₁
Service life is further improved.

Further, the third cage 1_ThreeThe shadows on the waves
The sacrificial anode 5 ...
Since a dense oxide film is formed,
Copper ion elution is suppressed,
Corrosion is prevented as much as possible. As a result, the service life of the culture net 3
Number is the first cage 1₁Of course, the second cage 1_TwoCompared to
Even better. On the other hand, the sacrificial anodes 5 are the poles of the culture net 3.
Is only an oxide film formed on a small part?
The first and second cages 1 without the sacrificial anodes 5. ₁, 1
_TwoAnti-algal properties, sterilization and destruction by elution of copper ions
Healthy growth of farmed fish without much decrease in fungi
In addition, the growth rate can be improved.

From the above, the first to third cages 1 ₁ , 1
According to _2, 1 _3, as compared with the case of using an iron network, to reduce the total cost, the production yield can be significantly improved, it is possible to obtain a high commercial value farmed fish.

[0045]

EXAMPLE As Example 1, a copper-based alloy No. of the present invention having the composition shown in Table 1 was used. 1 to No. 9 were each dissolved in the air under a charcoal coating by a high-frequency melting furnace to give a diameter of 1
A cylindrical ingot having a length of 200 mm and a length of 200 mm was cast. Then, the surface of each ingot was cut to a diameter of 95 mm.
A cylindrical ingot with a length of 150 mm was obtained. Further, each processed ingot was heated to 800 ° C. and then directly extruded by an extrusion press (200 tons) to obtain a rod-shaped material having a diameter of 10 mm. Thereafter, each rod-shaped material is pickled, and cold extraction and annealing (500 ° C., 1 hour) are repeated twice to obtain a wire having a diameter of 3.2 mm (cold extraction rate of 10%). Was. Here, the copper-based alloy No. No. 1 corresponds to a first copper-based alloy, and copper-based alloy No. 1 2-No. Reference numeral 9 corresponds to a second copper-based alloy.

As a comparative example, a copper-based alloy No. having the composition shown in Table 1 was used. 10-No. Twelve wires were obtained under the same conditions and steps as in Example 1 above. Here, No. 10-No. No. 12 is a known copper-based alloy. 10 is "JIS C270
No. 0 ", which corresponds to copper-based alloy No. 11 is "JI
S C4621 ”, which is a copper-based alloy N
o. Reference numeral 12 corresponds to Naval brass of “CDA C46600”.

Each wire rod was cut into a length of 500 mm, immersed in seawater in an actual inland sea, and left as it was.

Next, after a lapse of two years, the form of corrosion was determined for each wire pulled out of seawater. Table 1 shows the results.
As shown in FIG. In Table 1, a symbol indicates that the surface of the wire was changed into an uneven shape, but no dezincification was observed, and a symbol indicates that dezincification was observed. Indicated.

Further, 100 points were cut from each wire rod pulled out of seawater, and the corrosion depth (corrosion depth from the wire surface) at the cut surface was measured, and the maximum corrosion depth (mm) and the average The corrosion depth (mm) was measured. The results were as shown in Table 1.

[0050]

[Table 1]

As can be understood from Table 1, the copper base alloy No. 1 to No. No. 9 shows no dezincification corrosion. Particularly, the maximum corrosion depth and the average corrosion depth are known copper alloy No. 10-No. 12, Naval brass No. 12 which is considered to be excellent in seawater resistance. 1
1, No. The value is much smaller than the minimum value of No. 12 and it is clear that the seawater resistance is extremely excellent.

In the aquaculture net, the effective cross-sectional area of the wire, which is a constituent material, is generally less than 30% due to corrosion, regardless of whether it is made of iron or copper-based alloy (the wire diameter is about 55%). ), A problem such as breakage of the net due to the weight of the net occurs. Therefore, it is necessary to replace the net.

However, the known copper base alloy No. 10 to N
o. For No. 12, the maximum corrosion depth on the diameter line of the wire rod is 0.7 to 1.3 mm (twice the maximum corrosion depth shown in Table 1), and 20 to 40% of the wire diameter before immersion in seawater is corroded. Have been. Therefore, these copper-based alloy Nos. 1
0-No. In consideration of the fact that the net is rubbed against each other by the waves to promote corrosion, it is reasonable to judge that the service life of the cultured net consisting of 12 is less than 2 years.

On the other hand, the copper-based alloy N according to the present invention
o. 1 to No. In No. 9, the corrosion depth on the diameter line of the wire is only 0.06 to 0.16 mm at maximum (in particular,
Copper-based alloy No. 2 which is the second copper-based alloy 2-No. 9 is only 0.06 to 0.1 mm). Therefore, in the case of the culture net made of these copper-based alloys, even if it is considered that corrosion is promoted by the rubbing of net portions by waves, the service life of the net is increased. It is easily understood that this would be well over two years. This will be more apparent from Examples 2 to 8 described below.

Next, as shown in Table 2, Examples 2 to 4 correspond to the copper-based alloy No. 1 shown in the first example. 1, N
o. 3, No. The aquaculture net 3 made of 5 to prepare a 1 and a first cages 1 ₁ shown in FIG. 2 was used, as Examples 5 and 6, respectively, the copper-based alloy No. 3, No. The aquaculture net 3 made of 5 to prepare a 1 and second cages 1 ₂ shown in FIG. 3 was used, and as examples 7 and 8, the copper-based alloy No.
3, No. 1 and 4 using the culture net 3 consisting of 5
It was fabricated the third fish preserve 1 ₃ shown in.

[0056]

[Table 2]

That is, in Example 2, first, the copper-based alloy No. 1 was melted in the atmosphere (melting amount: 5000 kg) under a charcoal coating by a low frequency melting furnace (400 KW) to cast a cylindrical ingot having a diameter of 240 mm. And
This ingot was directly extruded by an extrusion press (3000 t) to obtain a rod-shaped material having a diameter of 10 mm. Thereafter, cold extraction and annealing were repeated on the rod-shaped material to obtain a wire diameter of 3.2 m.
m (final cold extraction rate 10%) was obtained.

Next, the wire rod 3a thus obtained is knitted into a net for a fish net, and a square tubular culture net 3 having a side length of 9 m and a depth (vertical width) of 5 m is obtained. Obtained.

[0059] Then, it was fabricated this aquaculture net 3 and the first cages 1 ₁ float 4 ... a becomes attached to a square frame-shaped supporting frame 2 of 24 (6 per column). This is there to preserve 1 _1, float 4 ... mutual interval of the series interval S = 40cm,
The corner interval S ′ was 90 cm. Further, as the float 4, a well-known one generally used (length 1 m)
(A barrel-shaped float made of styrene foam) was used.

In the third embodiment, the material of the wire 3a is copper-based alloy No. Example 2 except that
Same as was fabricated first fish preserve 1 ₁ (dimension of the wire 3a and aquaculture net 3, the shape, including the manufacturing process). The wire diameter, shape, and manufacturing process of the wire rod 3a and the culture net 3 are the same as those in the second embodiment.

In the fourth embodiment, the constituent material of the wire 3a is copper-based alloy No. Example 2 with the exception of 5
Same as was fabricated first fish preserve 1 ₁ (dimension of the wire 3a and aquaculture net 3, the shape, including the manufacturing process).

In Example 5, the same wire 3a (copper-based alloy No. 1) as the wire used in Example 3 was used.
The aquaculture net 3 having the same shape as above (square cylindrical shape having a side length of 9 m and a depth of 5 m) constituted by 3) is used, and a total of 32 floats 4 are used, eight in each row. By
Both the serial interval S and the corner interval S ′ were 10 cm.
It was fabricated second fish preserve 1 ₂ shown in FIGS. That is, the second cage 1 ₂ fabricated in the fifth embodiment, the float 4 ...
Is the same as that of Example 3 (including the dimensions, shape, and manufacturing process of the wire 3a and the culture net 3) except that S is increased by two for each row so that S = S ′ = 10 cm. is there.

In the sixth embodiment, the material of the wire 3a is copper-based alloy No. Example 5 except that
Same as was fabricated second cages 1 ₂ (dimensions of the wire 3a and aquaculture net 3, the shape, including the manufacturing process).

The seventh embodiment is the same as the fifth embodiment except that the sacrificial anodes 5 are attached to the corners 3b of the aquaculture net 3 at a position 50 cm below the sea surface.
a and dimensions of cultivation nets 3, the shape was fabricated third fish preserve 1 ₃ shown in FIGS. 1 and 4 were to contain manufacturing process). As each sacrificial anode 5, a 10 kg zinc plate was used.

Further, in Example 8, the constituent material of the wire 3a was copper-based alloy No. 5 and was, except were fabricated in Example 7 and the same third fish preserve 1 ₃ (dimensions of the wire 3a and aquaculture net 3, the shape, including the manufacturing process).

[0066] Then, each of the above fish preserve 1 _1, 1 _2, 1 ₃ actually used in farms puffer fish, and the cultivation nets 3 in 1 year and 2 years after after the start of use, the wire in a particular 15 points The wire diameter reduction (mm) of 3a was measured.
That is, the location (measurement point) where the wire diameter reduction amount is specified is shown in FIG.
XX passing through the corner 3b of the culture net 3 as shown in FIG.
H ₁ , H ₂ , H ₃ , H ₄ , H
₅ 5 places situated at a distance of (cm), the distance of an H ₁ from the sea surface in the Y-Y line which passes through the float part occupied 3c of cultivation nets _{3, H 2, H 3,} H 4, H 5 (cm) 5 locations, and the float-free portion of the culture net 3 (corner 3
H ₁ from the sea surface in the Z-Z line passing through the portion other than) 3d corresponding to _{b, H 2, H 3,} H 4, a H ₅ 5 places situated at a distance of (cm). Here, H ₁ = 10c
m, H ₂ = 30 cm, H ₃ = 50 cm, H ₄ = 1 m, H
₅ = 2 m.

The results were as shown in Tables 3 to 9. Note that the wire diameter reduction amount is obtained by measuring the wire diameter at each side point after one year and two years has elapsed, and subtracting the measured value from the original wire diameter value (3.2 mm).

[0068]

[Table 3]

[0069]

[Table 4]

[0070]

[Table 5]

[0071]

[Table 6]

[0072]

[Table 7]

[0073]

[Table 8]

[0074]

[Table 9]

As apparent from Tables 3 to 5, as described at the beginning, it is understood that erosion is severe in the net portion 10 to 50 cm below the sea surface, but the material of the wire 3a is excluded. In Examples 2 to 4 in which no special measures were taken, the culture net 3
It is understood that can be used for at least about one year.

That is, as described above, the wire diameter of the constituent wire rod 3a of the culture net 3 is reduced to about 55% (that is,
(The wire diameter decreases from 3.2 mm to about 1.8 mm), so that the allowable limit of the wire diameter reduction amount when using the culture net 3 can be considered to be about 1.4 mm. it can. Then, in any of Examples 2 to 4, from the wire diameter reduction amount after one year and two years shown in Tables 3 to 5 and the wire diameter reduction amount per year obtained therefrom And for at least about one year,
It is understood that a useful life of at least about 3 years can be ensured.

Thus, by using the first copper-based alloy or the second copper-based alloy according to the present invention as a constituent material of the culture net 3, the life of the copper-based alloy culture net can be reduced to a practically usable level. It was confirmed that it could be improved up to. With respect to seawater resistance including erosion resistance, it was also confirmed that the second copper-based alloy was more excellent than the first copper-based alloy, as in Example 1.

As is clear from Tables 6 and 7, the second copper-based alloy according to the present invention was used as a constituent material of the culture net 3, and the structure of the fish cage was also devised so that the float spacing S,
In Examples 5 and 6 in which S ′ was 10 cm, the wire diameter reduction amount of the net portion 10 to 50 cm below the sea surface where erosion was severe was extremely small as compared with Examples 2 to 4. Is understood. That is, 10 to 50c below sea level
Among the net portions of m, Y-
In three places H ₁ , H ₂ and H ₃ on the Y line, the second embodiment
Although no remarkable difference is observed with the 〜4, the wire diameter decreases at three locations H ₁ , H ₂ , and H ₃ on the XX line and the ZZ line, which are not directly affected by the wave breaking action of the float 3. Example 2
Has become significantly smaller than in to 4, is reduced to a degree almost no difference as in the Y-Y 3 points H ₁ of line, H _2, H _3.

From this, it is possible to effectively prevent the progress of erosion due to the influence of the waves and to suppress the erosion of the entire net as much as possible by reducing the interval S, S 'between the floats. ,
As a result, it was confirmed that the service life of the culture net 3 was significantly improved (greatly exceeding three years).

Further, as is clear from Tables 8 and 9, in addition to the constituent material of the culture net 3 (second copper-based alloy) and the interval between floats (S = S '= 10 cm), the sacrificial anodes 5 are attached. In Examples 7 and 8, the amount of reduction in the wire diameter of the net portion 10 to 50 cm below the sea surface where erosion is severe is even smaller than in Examples 5 and 6. this is,
This is because the sacrifice anodes 5 form a dense oxide film in the peripheral region of the installation portion, so that erosion including the influence of waves is effectively suppressed.

Therefore, it was confirmed that the service life of the culture net 3 can be further improved by forming an oxide film on the net portion where erosion is severe by the sacrificial anodes 5.

The state of the cultivation net 3 was observed in the cages of each example at the lapse of one year and at the lapse of two years, but adhesion of marine organisms such as barnacles was hardly observed. In addition, it was confirmed that each of the puffers cultured in these cages was growing properly and smoothly. From this, it was found that Examples 7 and 8 in which an oxide film was formed on a part of the net were used.
The culture net made of the copper-based alloy according to the present invention, including the culture net 3 of the present invention, has effective anti-algal properties, sterilization and sterilization properties by elution of copper ions, and is made of iron net or synthetic fiber net. It can be understood that the fish culture can be performed very effectively as compared with the fish culture.

[0083]

[0084]

As is clear from the above description, the present invention
According to Ming's fish culture net or fish culture fish cage , the service life of the culture net can be improved to the extent that it can be practically used in total cost, and it is extremely good utilizing the characteristics of the copper-based alloy net. Fish farming can be performed.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side view showing a fish culture cage according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional plan view of the first cage, taken along the line II-II of FIG.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional plan view showing a second cage, taken along the line II-II of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional plan view showing a third cage, taken along the line II-II of FIG. 1;

[Explanation of symbols]

1, 1 ₁ , 1 ₂ , 1 ₃ ... fish culture cage, 3 ... fish culture net, 3 a ... wire rod, 3 b ... corner part, 3 c ... float existing part, 3 d ... float non-existent part, 4 ... float, S ... Serial spacing (inter-floor spacing), S '... Corner spacing (floating inter-floor spacing).

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-7-197150 (JP, A) JP-A-55-141540 (JP, A) JP-A-61-223148 (JP, A) JP-A-61-223148 223149 (JP, A) JP-A-1-108333 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) C22C 9/04

Claims (5)

(57) [Claims] 1. Copper 62.0-69.0% by weight, tin 0.2
And a wire rod comprising a seawater-resistant copper-based alloy having a metal composition comprising zinc and unavoidable impurities, the composition comprising -1.0% by weight and 0.02-0.15% by weight of antimony.
The cultivation net has an oxide film at several locations below the sea surface.
It is characterized by having a sacrificial anode for forming
Fish culture net . 2. 62.0-69.0% by weight of copper, 0.2% of tin
-1.0% by weight and 0.02-0.15% by weight of antimony and 0.02-0.15% by weight of phosphorus, 0.1-1.0% by weight of nickel and 0.05-0. Seawater resistant containing one or two elements selected from 8% by weight and the balance being a metal composition consisting of zinc and unavoidable impurities
It is composed of a wire made of copper-based alloy.
Sacrifice to form an oxide film on the culture net
An aquaculture net for fish, comprising an anode . 3. Copper 62.0-69.0% by weight, tin 0.2
To 1.0% by weight and antimony 0.02 to 0.15% by weight
% And the balance being zinc and unavoidable impurities
Composed of a wire made of a seawater-resistant copper-based alloy with a metallic composition
Fish culture nets are arranged in a ring along the outer peripheral surface of the upper end.
Fish cultivation suspended by multiple floats
A storage cage, where the distance between adjacent floats is 30 cm or less.
A fish culture fish cage, which is located below . 4. Copper 62.0 to 69.0% by weight, tin 0.2 to 6
1.0% by weight and 0.02-0.15% by weight of antimony
0.02 to 0.15% by weight of phosphorus, nickel
0.1-1.0% by weight of iron and 0.05-0.8% by weight of iron
Contains one or two elements selected from
Seawater resistant copper with metal composition consisting of lead and unavoidable impurities
A fish culture net composed of a wire made of a base alloy, a fish culture fish cage suspended by a plurality of floats arranged in parallel in a ring along the outer peripheral surface of the upper end thereof, and a fish cage for an adjacent float. A fish culture fish cage, wherein the mutual interval is 30 cm or less. At a plurality of positions below sea level in 5. cultivation nets, characterized in that the sacrificial anode for forming an oxide film on cultivation nets are disposed, fish according to claim 3 or claim 4 Aquaculture cages.