WO2010091598A1

WO2010091598A1 - Method and device for automatic real-time adjustment of clock frequency or supply voltage of processor system

Info

Publication number: WO2010091598A1
Application number: PCT/CN2010/000183
Authority: WO
Inventors: 林正浩
Original assignee: 上海芯豪微电子有限公司
Priority date: 2009-02-11
Filing date: 2010-02-08
Publication date: 2010-08-19

Abstract

A method and device for automatic real-time adjustment of the clock frequency or supply voltage of a processor system are provided. The method achieves an automatic real-time adjustment of the clock frequency or supply voltage of the processor system through three steps: match, judgment and adjustment. During the running process of the processor, the processor runs at an optimum clock frequency or is provided with an optimum supply voltage in real time through the automatic real-time adjustment of a clock frequency or supply voltage of the processor, so as to ensure a normal operation of the system while also reducing the power consumption of the processor effectively.

Description

Method and device for automatically adjusting processor system clock frequency or supply voltage in real time

Technical field

The invention belongs to the field of integrated circuits, and is specifically a method and device for automatically adjusting the clock frequency or supply voltage of a processor system in real time. Background technique

In today's booming processor products, performance and power consumption have become important indicators for measuring the quality of products, especially for handheld devices. Therefore, designers use various advanced technologies to design processors. Improve its performance. However, as the performance of the processor increases, its power consumption also increases significantly. The battery life of the system with peak performance is drastically shortened, although the designer has fully adopted the low-power design method and battery technology. Much progress has been made, but it still cannot keep up with the rapidly increasing power demands of electronic products.

In order to reduce the power consumption of the processor, designers have adopted various methods to reduce the peak power consumption of the processor by optimizing the circuit structure and adjusting the device size. The gated clock is widely used to reduce the average power consumption of the processor. The dynamic power consumption of the device, the above technology can not do anything. At present, system computer manufacturers have adopted methods to adjust the clock frequency to reduce the dynamic power consumption of the processor and apply for related patents, but mainly rely on application software and software systems to implement, and to some extent, system or user intervention is required. At present, most of the existing technical solutions and ideas are based on high performance, and the system power consumption is reduced under the premise of ensuring high performance. The present invention takes the on-demand adjustment as a starting point and reduces the system power consumption under the premise of ensuring the normal operation of the system.

The following is an analysis of the currently existing technical invention patents, and is compared with the present invention:

Taiwan Renbao Computer Industry Co., Ltd. invented a method for dynamically adjusting the frequency of the central processing unit and applied for a patent (Chinese Patent Office, Patent No.: 200310121239.6) including a correspondence table, which includes multiple levels, and each A hierarchy defines a set of front-side bus operating frequencies and corresponding CPU usage ranges; in the implementation, the current usage rate of the central processing unit is first obtained; and the front end of the central processing unit is adjusted according to the current usage ratio and the correspondence table The bus operates at a frequency to the corresponding level so that the processor is running at a current usage rate that is included in the range of CPU usage defined by the corresponding hierarchy. By inventing the method, the system can adopt different correspondence between the central processor usage rate and the front-side bus operating frequency according to different power supply conditions, thereby achieving different processing speeds and consuming different powers, thereby effectively reducing processor unnecessary. Energy consumption. Especially in the battery-powered mode, by changing the operating frequency of the central processor, the purpose of the power can be achieved. The invention requires software support, especially processor usage is completely dependent on software to check Secondly, the invention needs a correspondence table. The adjustment of the operating frequency of the processor needs to find the correspondence table to realize, so the adjustment process is complicated, and the adjustment speed is relatively slow to some extent, and the invention is completely implemented by hardware. There are essential differences in the methods.

A method for determining the switching point of a microprocessor with multiple performance state capabilities (in Chinese Patent Office, Patent No. 02806816.5) proposed by Intel Corporation of California, USA, provides a processor frequency for maintaining system responsiveness Automatic adjustment method. The inventive performance level policy algorithm detects the increase in processor usage fast enough to switch to a higher performance level comparable to maximum system performance. The performance level is comparable to the maximum system performance. The performance level policy algorithm of embodiments of the present invention delays the conversion of the processor to lower performance levels so that the fast reversal of the requirements does not contribute to unnecessary conversions. This method is different from the present invention in that the adjustment of the clock frequency is also inseparable from the software support, and in particular, power management software is required to control the adjustment of the operating voltage and the operating frequency.

Taiwan MSI Technology Co., Ltd. proposed to adjust the operating frequency of the central processing unit (China Patent Office, patent number: 03137089.6). The invention gradually adjusts the operating frequency according to the real-time operating state of the central processing unit, and includes the following steps: Establishing a frequency a class conversion table; obtaining current usage state data of one of the central processing units; converting a target frequency class value according to the frequency class conversion table; and gradually adjusting the operating frequency to the target frequency class value. This approach reduces human error, maximizes CPU performance, and reduces resource waste and hardware component wear and tear. However, the method relies entirely on the software to adjust the operating frequency of the central processing unit. The technical means is slow and it is difficult to achieve real-time adjustment. At the same time, the method performs fuzzy adjustment of the operating frequency according to the working state of the processor. The ability to reduce the power consumption of the processor is limited, and there is a substantial difference in the implementation of the present invention, and there is also a certain difference in effect from the present invention.

In addition, Taiwan Yingyida Co., Ltd. proposed an architecture and method for adjusting the operating frequency of the central processing unit (China Patent Office, patent number: 03101741.X), which can switch the operating speed of the central processing unit of the information processing system at any time. The invention comprises a firmware structure and a software for matching the same, and the method mainly adjusts the working frequency by detecting the processor temperature, and the invention adjusts the working frequency by detecting the current usage rate of the processor. The essential difference. The control method and system proposed by Shanghai Huanda Computer Technology Co., Ltd. to adjust the operating frequency of the microprocessor (China Patent Office, Patent No.: 200410067153.4) proposes a new method for software to adjust the operating frequency, first loading a tone/ The video data segment acquires the playing time of the data segment and stores it, and then decodes the data segment through the microprocessor and simultaneously stores the decoding time dynamically; calculates the dynamic decoding time and the playing time according to the stored playing time and the dynamic decoding time. The ratio is taken to obtain the current usage of the microprocessor and stored. According to the current usage rate stored Controls the operating clock frequency of the microprocessor. The invention needs to load audio/video data segments and store, decode, etc., and realizes slow speed by software method, and cannot be adjusted in real time, and the adjustment process seriously increases the processor load, and the invention is completely implemented by hardware. There are essential differences.

According to the above analysis, the existing inventions and technologies need to be supported by software, and the adjustment speed is relatively slow, which makes it difficult to achieve real-time adjustment.

Specific methods for adjusting the processor clock frequency or supply voltage are well disclosed in the prior art, and there is no similar invention as to how to implement real-time detection entirely in hardware to determine if adjustments are needed.

Summary of the invention

The present invention addresses the above problems and incorporates the deficiencies of the prior art. A method and device for automatically adjusting the clock frequency or supply voltage of a processor system in real time are proposed. The device and its automatic real-time adjustment of the clock frequency or the supply voltage are completely implemented in hardware, and are designed to automatically adjust the clock frequency in real time. Or supply voltage to reduce the dynamic power consumption of the processor.

The invention is implemented by the following technical solutions:

The method for automatically adjusting the clock frequency or the supply voltage of the processor system in real time according to the present invention is implemented in a hardware manner, and mainly includes the following two steps:

A. Match the idle task characteristics to determine the current processor usage rate;

B. Adjust the system clock frequency or the supply voltage according to the current processor usage rate and the reference usage rate, if the current processor usage rate is greater than the reference usage rate, then increase the system clock frequency or the supply voltage; if the current processor usage rate is less than the reference usage rate , then adjust the system clock frequency or supply voltage; if the current processor usage is equal to the reference usage, keep the system clock frequency or supply voltage unchanged.

The idle task feature of the present invention may be a singular or continuous plurality of instruction codes indicating an idle task, or may be prompted by a software system.

The processor usage rate of the present invention refers to the ratio of the processor performing non-idle tasks per unit time. For example, set the unit time to the duration of 1 million processor clock cycles. If there are 20,000 clock cycles for idle tasks in 1 million clock cycles, the other 98,000 clock cycles perform other tasks. , then the processor usage is 98%. Assume that the benchmark usage is 30%, once there are more than 700,000 clock cycles in 1 million clock cycles When an idle task is executed, the current processor usage is less than the reference usage, and the clock frequency or supply voltage needs to be lowered. In this example, for ease of implementation, the processor usage can be calculated every 1 million clock cycles, that is, the clock frequency or supply voltage can be adjusted every 1 million clock cycles.

When the idle task feature of the present invention is a singular or continuous plurality of instruction codes indicating an idle task, the instruction code executed when the software system idle task loop is stored in advance is matched with the currently executed instruction of the processor, and the unit is obtained. The ratio of time that the processor executes non-software system idle task instructions, that is, processor usage. The usage rate and the reference usage rate are compared, and the clock frequency or the supply voltage of the processor is adjusted according to the comparison result. The processor usage is the rate at which the processor executes non-software system idle task cycles per unit time.

When the idle task feature of the present invention is prompted by a software system, the prompting method may be an execution result in the processor by an instruction or instruction in the software system. The processor records the current thread number (TID) or process number (PID) when executing the instructions or forming an execution result of the instructions. In the subsequent execution, the thread number or the process number is matched with the current thread number or the process number of the processor, and the processor executes the unit or the process corresponding to the thread number or the process number. The ratio of threads or processes, that is, the processor usage rate; the usage rate and the reference usage rate are compared, and the clock frequency or the supply voltage of the processor is adjusted according to the comparison result. The processor usage rate, that is, the ratio of the processor corresponding to the thread number or the process number corresponding to the process number, is not executed by the processor per unit time. According to the technical solution of the present invention, one of the instructions may be added to a code segment corresponding to an idle task in the software, and once the instruction in the idle task is executed, the processor may use the thread number or the process number corresponding to the idle task. Recorded for subsequent matching and calculates processor usage.

For example, the method suggested by the software system through the instruction may be to write a specific register in the processor through an instruction in the software system, or perform a specific bit in a register in the processor. Write operation. When the register or register bit is written, the processor records the current thread number. In the subsequent execution, the thread number is matched with the current thread number of the processor, and the current processor usage rate can be obtained by calculation according to the technical solution of the present invention. The usage rate and the reference usage rate are compared, and the clock frequency or power supply voltage of the processor is adjusted based on the comparison result. The reference usage rate in the method for automatically adjusting the clock frequency or the supply voltage of the processor system in real time according to the present invention may be fixed, or may be reconfigured or self-learned, may be solidified inside the chip, or may be System writes can also be written by software.

The present invention provides an apparatus for automatically adjusting a clock frequency or a supply voltage of a processor system in real time, which can be executed according to The characteristics of the instructions in the software system adjust the processor system clock frequency or supply voltage. The apparatus includes a feature command memory, a feature matching circuit, a comparison determining device, and a clock or voltage regulating device. among them:

The feature instruction memory is configured to store the instruction code executed when the software system idles the task cycle; the software system includes but is not limited to an operating system, system software or application software having an idle task cycle.

a feature matching circuit, configured to perform intelligent feature matching between the idle task loop instruction code and the current execution instruction of the processor; the comparison determining device is configured to compare the current processor usage rate and the reference usage rate, and determine an adjustment manner according to the comparison result;

A clock or voltage regulator that adjusts the processor clock frequency or supply voltage.

The feature instruction memory of the present invention may store the instruction code or the operation code in all or part of the idle task cycle, and may also store the instruction code of the instruction code or the operation code in all or part of the idle task cycle, which is obtained by algorithm transformation. When the feature is matched, the instruction code or the operation code in all or part of the idle task cycle may be matched, or the instruction code in all or part of the idle task cycle or the feature code obtained by the algorithm may be matched.

The instruction code, the operation code or the feature code in the characteristic instruction memory of the present invention can be solidified into the chip during the production of the chip, or can be written by the system or software when the system is started, and can also be self-learned and written, and its storage The medium can be volatile or non-volatile, and can be written once or multiple times.

The clock or voltage regulating device of the present invention adjusts the processor clock frequency or the supply voltage in real time according to the current usage rate of the processor and the reference usage rate. According to the technical solution of the present invention, the current processor usage rate can be obtained by using two counters. The first counter is incremented by one every clock cycle, and once it reaches the preset number (eg, overflow), it returns to zero, and indicates that the unit length has passed. The second counter is incremented only when the idle task loop instruction code is successfully matched, and is reset to zero when the first counter reaches the preset number. According to the given reference usage rate, once the second counter overflows or is greater than a certain value before returning to zero, it indicates that the current processor usage is less than the reference usage rate, and the system clock frequency or supply voltage can be lowered; once the second counter is zeroed If the previous processor value is less than the reference value, the current processor usage rate is greater than the reference usage rate, and the system clock frequency or the power supply voltage can be adjusted. Once the second counter is equal to a certain value before zeroing, the current processor usage rate is equal to the reference usage rate. , can keep the system clock frequency or power supply voltage unchanged. If the first counter can represent a maximum value of M, the reference usage rate is P, and the idle task cycle instruction code execution cycle number is L, then the value is N = (M * ( 1- P)) /L. In a specific implementation, the bit width of the second counter may be reduced according to the need, so that the value that can be represented is greater than or equal to N. For example, if the unit time is 1 million clock cycles, the reference usage is 60%, and the idle task cycle instruction code execution cycle is 100 clock cycles, then the value is N = (1000000 * ( 1- 60 %) ) /100, ie N = 4000.

The present invention also proposes another device for automatically adjusting the clock frequency or the supply voltage of the processor system in real time, and can adjust the processor system clock frequency or the supply voltage according to the executed program thread or process characteristics by an instruction prompt, including an idle feature register, Thread or process number memory, feature matching circuit, comparison determining device, and clock or voltage regulating device. The idle feature register is used to mark that the current thread is an idle task thread or the current process is an idle task process; the idle feature register can be written by an instruction in a software system; the software system is running on the target processor Program code;

a thread or process number memory for storing a thread number or a process number of the idle task thread; when the idle feature register is written, the current thread number or process number of the processor is written into the thread or process number memory;

a feature matching circuit for matching the idle task thread number or process number in the thread or process number memory with the current thread number or process number of the processor;

a comparison judging device for comparing the current processor usage rate and the reference usage rate, and determining an adjustment manner according to the comparison result;

A clock or voltage regulating device for adjusting a processor clock frequency or a supply voltage; said clock adjusting means adjusting the processor clock frequency or the supply voltage in real time according to the current usage rate of the processor and the reference usage rate.

According to the technical solution of the present invention, the writing operation to the idle feature register can trigger the operation of writing the current thread number or process number into the thread or process number memory, and trigger the feature matching circuit to start the thread number or process number. The match, and the comparison determination device begin a comparison of the current processor usage and the baseline usage.

According to the technical solution of the present invention, the current thread number or process number may be written into the thread or process number memory when the idle feature register is written to a certain value, or may be written in the idle feature register. Write the current thread number or process number to the thread or process number memory at any value. The current thread number or process number may be written to the thread or process number memory only when the idle feature register is initially written singular or multiple times after the device is powered up, or may be in the idle feature register. The current thread number or process number is written to the thread or process number memory when a particular or any number of writes. For example, the processor's instruction set has an instruction dedicated to writing an idle feature register. The instructions can be added to code corresponding to idle threads or threads that do not need to run at high speed. Thus, when the processor executes the instruction, the current thread number is written into the thread number memory, and the feature matching circuit starts to match the thread number, and the relationship between the current processor usage rate and the reference usage rate obtained by the comparison determining device according to the matching is obtained. To determine if adjustments are needed and how to adjust the system clock frequency.

Similarly, according to the technical solution of the present invention, the current processor usage rate can be obtained by using two counters. The first counter is incremented by one every clock cycle, and once it reaches the preset number (eg, overflow), it returns to zero, indicating that the unit length has passed. The second counter is incremented only when the recorded thread number or process number matches the current thread number or process number of the processor, and is reset to zero when the first counter reaches the preset number. In a specific implementation, it is not necessary to match the thread number or the process number in each cycle, but only the thread number or the process number match when the thread or process switches. At this point, once the match is successful, there is no need to match again before the next thread or process switch, and the second counter is incremented by one every clock cycle; once the match is unsuccessful, there is no need to match again before the next thread or process switch. The second counter value remains unchanged.

According to the given reference usage rate, once the second counter overflows or is greater than a certain value before returning to zero, it indicates that the current processor usage is less than the reference usage rate, and the system clock frequency or supply voltage can be lowered; once the second counter is zeroed If the previous processor value is greater than the reference value, the current processor usage rate is higher than the reference usage rate, and the system clock frequency or the power supply voltage can be adjusted. Once the second counter is equal to a certain value before zeroing, the current processor usage rate is equal to the reference usage rate. , can keep the system clock frequency or the supply voltage unchanged. At this time, if the first counter can represent a maximum value of M and the reference usage rate is P, the value is Ν = Μ * - Ρ) „ Similarly, in a specific implementation, the second counter can be reduced as needed. The bit width is such that the value that can be represented is greater than or equal to Ν.

For example, if the unit time is 1 million clock cycles and the benchmark usage is 60%, then the value is Ν = 1000000 * ( 1-60%), ie Ν = 400000.

The processor of the present invention includes, but is not limited to, a general purpose processor, an embedded processor, a single core processor, a multi-core/many-core processor, and a digital signal processor.

Beneficial effects:

The present invention has the following beneficial effects: The automatic real-time adjustment of the processor system clock frequency or the supply voltage by means of hardware and the method and apparatus for automatically adjusting the processor clock frequency or the supply voltage in real time as described in the present invention Under the premise of normal operation of the certificate processor, the dynamic power consumption of the processor is effectively reduced, and the processor adjusts the clock frequency or the supply voltage according to the demand. For the mobile handheld device, the service life of the battery is extended once. And to minimize the implementation of human intervention, and because the invention is completely implemented by hardware, the speed is fast, and the real-time adjustment of the processor clock frequency or the supply voltage can be realized more effectively. DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the automatic real-time adjustment processor system clock frequency proposed by the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a flow chart of feature matching in the method for automatically adjusting the clock frequency of the processor system in real time according to the present invention. FIG. 3 is a structural block diagram of an automatic real-time adjustment processor system clock frequency device according to the present invention. detailed description

The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. This embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and the detailed embodiments and the specific operation procedures are given, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following implementation. For example, it should be understood that the method and apparatus for automatically adjusting the clock frequency of the processor system in real time according to the present invention are specifically described in the following specific embodiments, but those skilled in the art can The technical solutions and the concept of the present invention are subject to various possible alternatives, modifications and improvements, all of which are within the scope of the appended claims.

For convenience of explanation, in the following embodiments, the automatic real-time adjustment of the processor system clock frequency is taken as an example, and the adjustment of the supply voltage of the processor system is similar.

Please refer to FIG. 1, which is a flow chart of the automatic real-time adjustment processor system clock frequency proposed by the present invention. The process is basically performed according to the steps of matching, judging and adjusting. First, the processor currently executes the instruction (101), and the feature matching circuit performs intelligent feature matching on the feature instruction (105) and the current execution instruction of the processor to obtain the current usage rate of the processor. (102), and then the comparison judging device compares the current usage rate of the processor with the reference usage rate (106), and if the current usage rate of the processor is greater than the reference usage rate, increases the processor clock frequency; if the processor is currently used If the rate is lower than the reference usage rate, the processor clock frequency is lowered; if the current usage rate of the processor is equal to the reference usage rate, the current processor clock frequency is kept unchanged; finally, the clock adjustment device adjusts the processor clock frequency according to the comparison result (104) After the end of the adjustment, return to step (101) to continue the next cycle adjustment. For automatic real-time adjustment, the system is at runtime In the meantime, the automatic real-time adjustment of the clock frequency is performed, and the next cycle adjustment is performed immediately after one cycle adjustment until the system is turned off or the automatic adjustment function is turned off by the system or the user.

Please refer to FIG. 2, which is a flow chart of the feature matching in the method for automatically adjusting the clock frequency of the processor system in real time according to the present invention. The feature matching process is mainly used to calculate the current usage rate of the processor. First, the counter (201) is initialized, including a clock counter and a feature matching counter. At the system clock frequency, the clock counter begins to accumulate (202), and the system fetches the current execution instruction of the processor and the current feature instruction code (203), and the current running instruction of the processor and the feature instruction code perform feature matching (204), if the matching is successful. , the feature matching counter is incremented by 1 (205), otherwise the original value is maintained, and then it is determined whether the clock counter is equal to the base value (206). If they are equal, the current usage rate of the processor is calculated (207), and the matching cycle ends; otherwise, continue Returning to the clock counter accumulation operation (202) until the clock counter is equal to the base value.

Please refer to FIG. 3, which is a structural block diagram of an automatic real-time adjustment processor system clock frequency device according to the present invention. A feature instruction memory (302), a feature matching circuit (305), a comparison determining device (306), a clock adjusting device (307), a phase locked loop (308), a processor core (303), and an operating system (304) are included. The feature instruction memory (302) stores the feature instruction executed when the operating system idles the task loop, and may be an instruction code or an operation code in all or part of the idle task cycle, or may be an instruction code or operation in all or part of the idle task cycle. The code is transformed by the algorithm (all or part); during system operation, the feature instruction memory (302) extracts the current feature command or signature (309) and sends it to the feature matching circuit (305). The feature matching circuit (305) The intelligent feature matching of the idle task loop instruction code or signature (309) and the current execution instruction of the processor (310) is performed, and the current processor usage rate (311) is calculated and sent to the comparison judging device (306). The comparison judging means (306) compares the current processor usage rate (311) with the reference usage rate, and determines how to adjust the clock frequency based on the comparison result, and the clock adjustment means (307) according to the adjustment scheme determined by the comparison judging means (306) Adjusting the system clock (313) sent from the phase locked loop (308), and sending the adjusted clock (314) to the processor core (303), the processor core (303), and the operating system (304) The adjusted target system simultaneously sends the current execution instruction (310) to the feature matching circuit (305) for feature matching, and the various parts described above collectively constitute an automatic real-time adjustment processor system clock frequency device (301).

Claims

Rights request

1. A method for automatically adjusting a clock frequency or a supply voltage of a processor system in real time, which is characterized in that it is implemented by means of hardware, and mainly comprises the following two steps:

A, matching idle (idle) in-service feature, determine the current processor utilization (utilization);

B. Adjust the system clock frequency or the supply voltage according to the current processor usage rate and the reference usage rate. If the current processor usage rate is greater than the reference usage rate, then increase the system clock frequency or the supply voltage; if the current processor usage is less than the reference usage Rate, then lower the system clock frequency or supply voltage; if the current processor usage is equal to the reference usage, keep the system clock frequency or supply voltage unchanged.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the idle task feature may be a singular or continuous plurality of instruction codes indicating an idle task, or may be prompted by a software system by an execution result of an instruction or an instruction.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein when the idle task feature is a singular number or a continuous plurality of instruction codes indicating an idle task, execution is performed by a software system idle task cycle stored in advance in the processor. The instruction code is matched with the instruction currently executed by the processor, and the ratio of the processor executing the non-software system idle task instruction per unit time, that is, the processor usage rate is obtained; and the usage rate and the reference usage rate are compared, according to the comparison. The result adjusts the processor's clock frequency or supply voltage.

The method according to claim 2, wherein when the idle task feature is prompted by the software system, the prompting method may be an execution result in the processor by an instruction or an instruction in the software system; The processor records the current thread number (TID) or process number (PID) when executing the instruction or forming an execution result of the instruction; in the subsequent execution, using the thread number or process number and the processor The current thread number or process number is matched, and the ratio of the processor or the process other than the thread or the process corresponding to the thread number or the process number, that is, the processor usage rate, is obtained in the unit time; The rate is compared to the reference usage and the processor's clock frequency or supply voltage is adjusted based on the comparison.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the reference usage rate is fixed, or can be determined by S new configuration or self-learning, can be solidified inside the chip, or can be implemented by the system at system startup. Write can also be written by software.

6. The method of claim 3, wherein a means for automatically adjusting the clock frequency or supply voltage of the processor system in real time, including a feature command memory, a feature matching circuit, a comparison determining device, and a clock or voltage Adjustment device, wherein:

a feature instruction memory, configured to store an instruction code executed when a software system idle task loop; the software system is a program code running on a target processor; a feature matching circuit, configured to perform intelligent feature matching between the idle task loop instruction code and the current execution instruction of the processor; the comparison determining device is configured to compare the current processor usage rate and the reference usage rate, and determine the adjustment mode according to the comparison result;

7. The method and apparatus according to claim 6, wherein said feature instruction memory can store instruction codes or operation codes in all or part of an idle task cycle, and can also store all or part of idle task cycles. The feature code obtained by the algorithm code or the operation code may be matched with the instruction code or the operation code in all or part of the idle task cycle, or may match the instruction code or operation in all or part of the idle task cycle. The code obtained by the algorithm is transformed by the algorithm.

8. The method and apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the instruction code, the operation code or the feature code in the feature instruction memory can be solidified into the chip during chip production, or can be The system or software writes, and can also learn by self-learning. The storage medium can be volatile or non-volatile, and can be written once or multiple times.

9. The method and apparatus of claim 6 wherein said clock or voltage regulating means adjusts the processor clock frequency or supply voltage in real time based on the current usage rate of the processor and the reference usage rate.

10. A method and apparatus according to claim 6 wherein said software system comprises an operating system, system software or application software having an idle task loop.

11. The method of claim 4, wherein an apparatus for automatically adjusting the clock frequency or supply voltage of the processor system in real time is provided, including an idle feature register, a thread or process number memory, a feature matching circuit, and a comparison determining device. And a clock or voltage regulator; where:

An idle feature register, configured to mark that the current thread or process is an idle task thread or a process; the idle feature register may be written by an instruction in a software system; the software system is a program code running on the target processor;

a thread or process number memory for storing a thread number of an idle task thread or a process number of an idle task process; when the idle feature register is written, the current thread number or process number of the processor is written to the thread or process number Memory; a feature matching circuit for matching the idle task thread number or process number in the thread or process number memory with the current thread number or process number of the processor;

a comparison judging device for comparing a current processor usage rate and a reference usage rate, and determining an adjustment mode according to the comparison result; A clock or voltage regulating device for adjusting a processor clock frequency or a supply voltage; the clock or voltage regulating device adjusting the processor clock frequency or the supply voltage in real time according to the current usage rate of the processor and the reference usage rate.

12. The method and apparatus of claim 6, wherein the processor comprises a general purpose processor, an embedded processor, a single core processor, a multi-core/many core processor, a digital signal processor.