WO2010085704A1 - Analyse de mouvements sportifs en superposition vidéo - Google Patents

Analyse de mouvements sportifs en superposition vidéo Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010085704A1
WO2010085704A1 PCT/US2010/021878 US2010021878W WO2010085704A1 WO 2010085704 A1 WO2010085704 A1 WO 2010085704A1 US 2010021878 W US2010021878 W US 2010021878W WO 2010085704 A1 WO2010085704 A1 WO 2010085704A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
video
motion
student
frames
visual
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PCT/US2010/021878
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English (en)
Inventor
Shiv Kumar Bhupathi
William Michael Foerster
Original Assignee
Shiv Kumar Bhupathi
William Michael Foerster
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Application filed by Shiv Kumar Bhupathi, William Michael Foerster filed Critical Shiv Kumar Bhupathi
Publication of WO2010085704A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010085704A1/fr
Priority to US13/188,365 priority Critical patent/US20110275045A1/en

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B24/00—Electric or electronic controls for exercising apparatus of preceding groups; Controlling or monitoring of exercises, sportive games, training or athletic performances
    • A63B24/0003—Analysing the course of a movement or motion sequences during an exercise or trainings sequence, e.g. swing for golf or tennis
    • A63B24/0006—Computerised comparison for qualitative assessment of motion sequences or the course of a movement
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B71/00—Games or sports accessories not covered in groups A63B1/00 - A63B69/00
    • A63B71/06—Indicating or scoring devices for games or players, or for other sports activities
    • A63B71/0619—Displays, user interfaces and indicating devices, specially adapted for sport equipment, e.g. display mounted on treadmills
    • A63B71/0622—Visual, audio or audio-visual systems for entertaining, instructing or motivating the user
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B24/00—Electric or electronic controls for exercising apparatus of preceding groups; Controlling or monitoring of exercises, sportive games, training or athletic performances
    • A63B24/0003—Analysing the course of a movement or motion sequences during an exercise or trainings sequence, e.g. swing for golf or tennis
    • A63B24/0006—Computerised comparison for qualitative assessment of motion sequences or the course of a movement
    • A63B2024/0012—Comparing movements or motion sequences with a registered reference
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B71/00—Games or sports accessories not covered in groups A63B1/00 - A63B69/00
    • A63B71/06—Indicating or scoring devices for games or players, or for other sports activities
    • A63B71/0619—Displays, user interfaces and indicating devices, specially adapted for sport equipment, e.g. display mounted on treadmills
    • A63B2071/0647—Visualisation of executed movements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to a system and methods for receiving a video sequence of a desired series of human motions known to be correct and a video sequence from another person performing the motions, and performing a process to create a video overlay sequence that allows visual analysis of the motions by the other person and demonstrates to the other person how to perform the motions correctly. More particularly, the present embodiments described in the application relate to a system for performing a video overlay sports motion analysis for sports training by creating a visual sequence of a correct motion such as a visual sequence of a professional athlete's or trainer's motions overlaid with a student athlete's motions to document the similarities and differences between the student's motion and the professional or trainer's motion.
  • the student's motions may then be modified to the correct motions.
  • the student's modified video analysis may be used to form, in the student's "mind's eye", how the student's motions should be executed so as to perform the motions perfectly or correctly.
  • sports training involves performing practice motions while being observed by a coach, instructor or trainer.
  • the student receives instruction, usually in the form of verbal commands or corrections, and sometimes using graphical aids. Then, the student must attempt to apply these instructions to correct their own motions, positions or form so as to perform a particular motion or series of motions in an effective manner.
  • a problem with traditional sports training is that the student is told, often using only verbal information, how to change their own position or motions in playing the sport to correct their errors.
  • the student typically cannot observe themselves performing the motions.
  • Training films and training videos have sometimes been used to enable the student to visually observe their own motions.
  • the student must still determine how their own performance of the physical motions should change to a more effective motion based primarily on verbal input from the trainer or coach.
  • a biometric analysis may be used.
  • a variety of position sensors coupled to wires are applied to a person (athlete or student athlete).
  • the movements of the student are measured and captured.
  • the motion may then be displayed as a moving graphical image to provide visual information about the student's own motion.
  • the student must still rely on an instructor's verbal explanation of how the motion is incorrect, and must then form a mental image and apply the instructor's suggestions to the motion.
  • the requirement that the athlete be coupled to a proprietary, dedicated hardware system for biometrics limits the overall availability of this approach; most students learning or training in a sport simply cannot afford this form of instruction.
  • VOSMA visual overlay sports motion analysis
  • Embodiments of the system and the methods presented below provide an affordable visual sports motion training tool that is available to any student or athlete in training world wide.
  • the tools provided with the output video files are easy to use by anyone who can use a mouse device, point, click and type and may be accessed at any computer.
  • the cost of the training analysis is low because the system provides a turnkey feature.
  • a video file of the student or athlete in training is provided to the system over, for example, a web based interface or otherwise as a file.
  • the analysis may be performed at a remote location by an operator experienced with the system and an output file is returned, again by a file transfer or by accessing a file over a web interface. No further manipulation of the video file is needed once the end user (student or athlete) receives the output file.
  • the coach and student can observe the visual comparison and playback of the student video, still frames, and other output tools using a straightforward interface at any computer, anywhere. No particular expertise with video files or computer skills is needed.
  • the video output is provided in a turnkey fashion, making the visual analysis affordable and accessible even to persons in poor countries or at a low economic status.
  • the use of the visual analysis advantageously provides the student immediate documentation of the errors in performing the motion and by correcting the motion and making subsequent videos, the coach and student can rapidly and affordably document the student's progress towards the correct motion.
  • the use of the visual analysis results in rapid improvement in the student's motion as the embodiments enable the student to visualize, in his /her"mind's eye", the correct motion and this enables the student to rapidly correct his / her performance of the motion.
  • the student and his /her instructor can use the video output files of the
  • VOSMA/VOTSA to visually compare, viewed at any playback speed including normal speed or in altered time views and even frame by frame, the student's motion to a correct motion, and to create an image or visual sequence of the student athlete in the correct motions or performing the correct sequence.
  • the correct motions are provided from video analysis of stored video files of a professional athlete or trainer and a process is performed to form a digital video sequence stored in an output file overlaying the correct motion of the professional with the motion of the student athlete.
  • an animated figure performing technical correct motions may be used to form a visual sequence of the motion in a digital video sequence stored as an output file.
  • Various key points are identified as described further below and provided in several different formats in an easy to use analysis tool.
  • Additional files may be provided where the student video sequence has been analyzed and key points in a motion or sequence performed by the student have been identified, and visual correction artifacts may be added to the sequence for playback, indicating where the student's position or motions need correction.
  • visual correction artifacts may be added to the sequence for playback, indicating where the student's position or motions need correction.
  • animated figures that perform the motion in a technically correct fashion may be used in a visual sequence for comparison to the student athlete's video sequence file, and an output file may be created comparing the two motions.
  • the visual sequence files of the student may be recorded at different times or on different dates and stored for retrieval so that, by performing a visual comparison and analysis and creating an output video file containing an overlay and comparison between two different performances of the motions by the student, a visual sequence showing the effect of changes the student makes in performing the motion and in taking positions may be created and permanently stored as a digital file for subsequent playback and viewing.
  • the system and methods of the preferred embodiments are compatible with existing consumer computer devices including without limitation PCs, laptops, cellphones, PDAs, MP3 players and video cameras, and the tools and files are easily accessible to most student athletes without additional expensive equipment purchases. No special tools or dedicated hardware are required.
  • the embodiments rapidly improve student athlete performance in a variety of activities, including sports with balls such as tennis, baseball, soccer, football, other sports such as skiing, snowboarding, cycling, gymnastics, diving, shooting, archery and the like, or other human motion activities such as dancing, ballet and the like. Analysis of the motion of animal athletes in training, such as racehorses, is possible using the system.
  • the embodiments are compatible with widely distributed and available consumer grade technology without the need for dedicated hardware or proprietary systems or expertise, thus the visual analysis tools of the embodiments will make visually enhanced sports training available to the masses, regardless of their socio-economic situation or country of residence, in a manner not previously accomplished.
  • Figure 2 is a flow diagram illustrating, for an exemplary method embodiment, steps that may be performed
  • Figure 3 is another flow diagram illustrating, for the method of Figure 2, additional steps that may be performed by the embodiment method;
  • Figure 4 is a flow diagram illustrating method steps that may be performed by another embodiment
  • Figure 5 is a block diagram of the four squares of a communication embodiment.
  • Figure 6 is a flow diagram illustrating the method steps of a video history embodiment.
  • a video file library of correct motions in a sport is stored; for example, as an inventory of video sequences in tangible media storage in a digital format, or in a tangible memory as computer readable formatted files, or in a central location such as a server. Other forms of storage may be used, and the storage may be distributed over many computers or locations as well.
  • the video library of correct motions may include, for example and without limitation, one or more video sequences of a professional athlete performing the motion, one or more video sequences of a trainer or coach performing the correct motion, one or more video sequences of an animated stick figure performing the correct motion, and/or one or more video sequences of an advanced amateur or elite junior athlete performing the correct motion.
  • Portable tangible media such as thumb drives, CD ROMs, diskettes, non- volatile cards, compact flash cards, SIM cards, etc. may be used to store the video files in the video library.
  • the files may be transferred electronically from the computer to another computer system via email, using file transfer protocol ("FTP") over the Internet, attached to messages, etc.
  • FTP file transfer protocol
  • Student athletes may provide as an electronic file digital video segments of their own motions captured using any point-and-shoot camera with video capability, camcorder or the like.
  • These video files may be provided as motion pictures expert group (“MPEG”) or other commonly used digital video information storage formats.
  • MPEG motion pictures expert group
  • the student may also choose from the library, via a computer or remote connected computer over the Internet, for example, the performance of a particular professional athlete, trainer, coach, amateur or elite junior in the stored inventory as the correct motion to be used.
  • a process of analysis of the video sequence containing the selected correct motion example is performed.
  • Key frames in the video sequence are identified, and templates (which may be, in one example, in the form of stick figures) are formed of the correct size for each frame and identifying key events, such as identifying the initial ready position prior to a motion or movement, a change in motion or position, an implement such as a racquet or bat being readied, moving to a hitting position, or striking a ball, or a change in foot, arm, shoulder, head, or torso position.
  • the templates are then removed from the video and used to form a digital video sequence file representing the correct motion. This file is stored in a tangible digital media, such as on a hard drive or server.
  • the student video file is then also analyzed, the key frames identified, and the images of the student athlete are isolated in another video sequence file including the key events.
  • the analysis may include any or all positions of the athlete, including hands, feet, arms, limbs, head, eyes, wrists, knees, elbows, etc.
  • the analysis may include identifying foot positions at certain points in the motion and isolating or highlighting footwork during a motion or at a ready position.
  • the template forms from the file containing the correct motions or professional athlete's motions are then overlaid on the images of the student athlete.
  • a visual overlay file of the two motions is completed containing a visual sequence for display, and the visual overlay file is also stored in a tangible medium.
  • This digital visual overlay file then provides a capability for visual analysis that is a video sequence of images visually comparing the motion of the student to the professional athlete. Playback may be provided by displaying the video overlay file "frame-by-frame” or at various playback speeds, and additional visually significant artifacts may be incorporated into the video file for providing additional visual cues to be viewed.
  • An artifact may be any visual cue such as an arrow, pointer, stick figure, or a circle or color around an object to highlight its position, such as a racquet, bat, ball, or the player's feet, hands, arms, limbs, or a piece of equipment such as a gymnast's ring or pommel horse, an out of bounds line, or any other part of a visual frame.
  • An important feature of another embodiment is a grip analysis.
  • a grip analysis By analyzing still images capturing depicting an individual's grip from several views, such as on the palm side of a professional athlete or trainer, the back of the hand of the professional athlete or trainer, and over the top of the hand, the type of grip may be characterized.
  • additional artifacts such as lines indicating bezels, and numbering of the bezels themselves on a racquet or club may be added as visual cues for the student and used to further assist the characterization of the player's grip.
  • the correct motion selected for comparison be one for a professional or technically correct performance of a player using the same grip as the student.
  • the visual analysis is provided in various video formats stored in computer readable media.
  • the swing path of an implement used in a sport such as a bat or racquet
  • shoulder motion of the student is analyzed and a video file is provided that visually compares the shoulder motion to the professional's shoulder motion.
  • the student's line of sight and eye position are analyzed from the student's video files and compared to a measured ball position to illustrate when the student stops watching the ball, for example.
  • this video format may be provided as a file containing a visual comparison sequence to the professional athlete.
  • the visual analysis may be provided to produce a video file stored in a tangible computer storage media.
  • the file contains video frames forming a visual sequence for playback that shows the contact position of an implement manipulated by the student athlete, for example, a racquet or bat, and the ball being struck.
  • the correct motion video file or professional motion video file is analyzed and the resulting analysis may be provided as a video file containing an overlay for visual comparison.
  • an object tool is provided to enable finding key objects or events in a video sequence.
  • Specific positions of selected objects such as a ball or the athlete's hands, wrists, arms, knees, etc. are determined from analyzing a video sequence.
  • the tool enables cutting video images and drawing additional objects such as artifacts including, without limitation, images in frames for use in the video analysis. This tool overcomes any problem where the relative position of an object at a point in time is not readily ascertainable from the video frame sequence.
  • the human eye integrates information, watching the video files displayed as a continuous sequence may provide a complete view of the events, however, the video frame series shared in the file may not provide any frame that depicts, for example, the actual impact of a ball with a racquet.
  • the tool provided by these embodiments enables any missing virtual information to be created, stored, and shared for use in the visual analysis.
  • a user interface environment for using the visual analysis created by the embodiments described above in a convenient manner.
  • This user interface is compatible with existing PCs, laptops, cellphones, PDAs and the like.
  • the user interface package includes the ability to play the student video, the correct motion or professional athlete original video, the overlay video including the visual analysis artifacts, the swing path video, and other analysis videos such as ready position, position transition, ball path, shoulder turn, and contact, in a variety of ways including slow, fast, regular video speeds, and frame by frame views.
  • Still images may be extracted from the video analysis, overlay comparison, and other files for visual display, storage in tangible digital media as files, printing for providing paper copies, and the like.
  • the visual analysis tool output may be provided in any number of formats that are compatible with existing consumer devices, including but not limited to files that are emailed or transferred over the Internet, downloaded from a website to the user's computer, a portable USB or flash drive, DVD discs, or any other convenient medium for storing video frames.
  • FTP file transfer protocol services may be used to transport the video files to the user's computer from a central server or remote site.
  • a user interface is provided that allows the student athlete, parents or mentors, professional trainers or coaches, school coaches, or other interested parties, using a computer or PDA and a web-based user interface, to communicate on the progress of the student athlete.
  • the communications between all the persons involved in the athlete's training is critical to the athlete's success, especially in a very common instance when more than one coach is involved and more than one person is scheduling practices, drills and the like for the student to perform.
  • the coaches and parents need to be informed of the observations and recommendations made by the other persons involved in the training.
  • the system allows coaches' notes to be created and stored for each frame of the video analysis. These notes are coordinated with the visual sequences and stored in a tangible media in a manner where they can be retrieved for playback by the other persons involved, or by the athlete.
  • the notes may include suggested drills and practice routines designed to correct the errors in the athlete's motions or positions.
  • the communications tool embodiment includes a calendar with a workout and school commitment tracking system so that all of the parties are informed of the time commitment and efforts put forth by the student.
  • the communication embodiment allows for the use of additional features such as auto texting and emailing of updates made through the calendar function. In this way, communication is facilitated between the athlete/trainee and the other persons involved in the training program.
  • a video graph or video history feature allows the student's motions and the progress in attempts to correct the motions to be documented.
  • Video files containing video of the athlete performing the motions are stored with individual date or time stamps. These stored video files may be added as retrievable files on a user interface such as a web page.
  • Comparison video files may be created for playback presenting a visual comparison between the student videos. These visual comparisons may be presented in side by side visual displays.
  • one video file can be used as an overlay file and a visual overlay video file can be created with another video file, displaying the athlete's motions captured at different times in a visual overlay comparison.
  • the video graph feature of this embodiment allows the benchmarking and documentation of a trainee's progress,
  • auto sync automatic synchronization
  • This feature is used during playback of two visual files, for example in a side by side comparison; the two video sequences may have different lengths (number of frames).
  • the auto sync function will automatically advance both sequences to a common point; say a "ready position” for both motions.
  • the correct motion such as by a professional
  • the student motion are quite different at the "ready position” and just after. This is because the professional has already started moving towards the contact point, while the student often delays his / her motion. Correcting this very early difference in the two motions surprisingly improves the student performance very rapidly.
  • a video sequence of the student athlete's motion, or an individual frame or frames of the student athlete's motion is altered using the tools of the system.
  • the altered visual sequence or frame is used to present a visual image or video sequence of the athlete shown performing the motion using the technically correct positions and movements.
  • This file is then stored in a tangible media for playback. This feature allows the student to see a visual representation of himself / herself performing the motion correctly. The student can then form a mental image of themselves performing the motion correctly in their mind, which makes it possible for the student to perform the motion correctly.
  • the exemplary embodiments will be described with respect to preferred embodiments in a specific context, namely the use of the VOSMA/VOTSA system, and embodiments, to perform visual overlay motion analysis of the strokes of a tennis athlete.
  • the embodiments including, for example, the Ultimate Pro Compare ("UPC") process described further below have application to all sports movements including baseball, golf, basketball, soccer, cricket, football, and gymnastics, just to name a few.
  • UPC Ultimate Pro Compare
  • any human motion may be analyzed in a visual overlay analysis of a correct motion with a student or trainee's motion. Animal motions can also be analyzed using the embodiments.
  • the fields of sports, dance, and other physical endeavors are all suitable environments for application of the embodiments.
  • the term "student” and “student athlete” used below describes a person who is being trained to perform a correct motion, and is not meant to limit the description to youth or junior athletes, or persons in any particular school, although these are all examples of possible users of the embodiments.
  • the UPC may be used.
  • This process creatively combines technology including digital camera and digital video camera recorder (camcorder) technology, information technology (software, hardware, and the Internet), graphical arts technology (computer aided design (CAD) and computer graphics and illustration), storing and retrieval of digital video files stored in tangible media that is computer readable, sports technique and training expertise, and process management expertise to produce the VOSMA/VOTSA process.
  • the VOTSA process applied to tennis creates an output referred to as "The VOTSA Package.”
  • the UPC process compares an athlete's motions in the performance of a sport, here tennis for example, with a correct motion.
  • This correct motion can be, for example, video of a professional athlete performing the motions in the same sport.
  • the correct motion video may be video of a trainer or coach, video of an accomplished amateur, or video of an elite junior player performing the motion correctly.
  • the correct motion may be performed by animated figures such as stick figures, provided as a digital video file that may display an animated visual sequence of the correct motion.
  • the VOTSA package outputs a visual overlay technical analysis; and a simple to use user interface environment is provided for quickly using the visual overlay technical analysis as a training tool to improve the performance of the student athlete.
  • a unique aspect of the UPC from the user's point of view is that the process relies on readily available, user friendly technology to produce high quality technical sports analysis; thereby placing the visual overlay sports analysis of the embodiments within the economic reach of the masses, and thus helping to promote the learning of, and improvements in, all sports.
  • the various embodiments are available to all athletes using technology that is readily available to most consumers and school programs.
  • a tool referred to as the Finding Object Positions (FOP) tool is provided to enable the video analysis process to be efficient in both time and costs.
  • This tool enables an operator to quickly identify key positions of objects or persons in a video sequence of sports motions for use in the visual analysis.
  • visual analysis tools include a set of specially developed drawing tools. These tools allow for the addition of visual cues such as a clock, an angle wheel, a grid, and drawing lines and other geometric shapes indicating ball travel into or out of a frame, travel of the athlete or an implement used by the athlete, relative positions, etc.
  • the use of these drawing tools may surprisingly provide information not present in the video that is important, such as the impact point of a ball and a racquet, bat, hand, etc.
  • the operator can add critical information to the student's video output file, showing critical points and positions in the motion. This allows the coaches and or students' mentors or students themselves to highlight on the video and show the students' differences and similarities to the correct position in a manner that highlights critical points and positions.
  • the VOTSA embodiment directed to tennis provides an analysis as a stored digital video file that visually displays a sequence that compares the student athlete's tennis stroke to a professional tennis player's (or other correct movement) stroke and provides a visual overlay for visual examination in a variety of formats, described in detail below.
  • Figure 1 depicts, in a simplified system diagram, the computers arranged in a manner so that they may be used with the embodiments. A user may interface with the system using a home or personal computer or any available computer, 101.
  • This may be a personal computer, laptop computer, including netbooks and notebooks, cellphones, smartphones, PDAs, web appliance or other devices capable of sending and receiving video files, using services such as email attachments, file transfer protocol (FTP), upload and download over a web interface, and even by storing and retrieving files from physical devices such as USB drives that may be exchanged by mail.
  • FTP file transfer protocol
  • the system also has video editing computers such as a computer or workstation 107.
  • This workstation may have local storage of digital video files in a hard drive or disk array 105.
  • a server such as that provided by a web hosting service depicted as server 103 may be used to store and retrieve various video files, overlay files, frame sequence files, and templates as further described below.
  • the computers 101 and 105 may be connected to the server 103 and to each other, as indicated by the input/output arrows in Figure 1, in a variety of ways. Wi-Fi and wireless connections, Ethernet cabling, and other wired, optical, wireless and cellular internet connections may be used, for example.
  • Dedicated lines such as Tl lines may be used, and modems may use optical networks or phone networks to connect the computers.
  • files may even be provided and exchanged by physically delivering storage media such as, for example, and not limiting the embodiments, a compactFLASH card or USB drive exchanged by mail.
  • storage media such as, for example, and not limiting the embodiments, a compactFLASH card or USB drive exchanged by mail.
  • the Internet connections, and file transfer protocols using Internet and web based interfaces will be used to provide user files to the operator at the video editing computer, and to deliver results files to the user instantaneously and without regard to the physical location of the users.
  • Figure 2 depicts, in a simple flow diagram, steps of an exemplary method embodiment.
  • step STOl a professional video sequence is received.
  • the video sequence is provided as a stored digital video file stored in a tangible medium such as a hard drive, server, PC, or other computer storage.
  • an inventory of files containing video sequences of various professional tennis players' strokes is maintained.
  • the inventory may also include video sequences of the motions performed by trainers, coaches, accomplished amateur players, and elite junior players, as non-limiting examples.
  • Animated sequences may be stored as digital video files that, when played back for display, provide a visual sequence of the correct motion, using for example stick figures or other animated figures.
  • the information may be stored as video sequences in common file formats used for video information, for example, in the motion picture experts group ("MPEG") format, and stored in any number of ways, including memory, DVD ROM, flash drives, hard drives, solid state drives and the like; and may be stored in a central location such as a server coupled to the Internet or a proprietary network, or in a distributed manner. Still photos or still video images may be included as part of the inventory as well.
  • element 11 represents the stick figure database.
  • the student merely provides in any convenient manner a video file containing a video sequence of his / her performance of the motion or stroke.
  • This video can be taken with any video capable device including a camera with video capability, a camcorder, cellphone, PDA or the like.
  • the file may be transmitted stored on a tangible media such as a USB card, thumb drive, flash card, or file transfer services such as attachments to an email, uploading to a web interface, and the like.
  • the student may then also indicate which professional athlete from a list of available professional athletes should be used for the comparison analysis.
  • the inventory of strokes stored for the professionals and students may include several formats.
  • Video files may be recorded and stored at frame speeds from 15 fps to 1200 fps. These video files record the professional's (and student's) stroke. For example, a sequence may begin at the ready position, or at the setup of a tennis shot and continue through the completion of the tennis swing and the set up for the next shot. Other examples, such as a serve, could be used. Ready position, contact position, forward swing, backswing, serve, return and other shots could be provided as video inputs. Many student athletes take incorrect positions at the ready position, or incorrectly transition from the ready position to a hitting position or contact position, so that these early movements are often areas where correction is needed.
  • still frame shots whether digital photographs or stills from a video sequence, of the student's and/or professional's stroke may be provided. These may be taken, for example, in bursts of 24 to 60 or even greater fps rates. Again, these photo files may record the student's and professional's stroke from setup through completion of the swing and setup for the next stroke, in the tennis application. Corresponding motions could be identified for other sports or activities. These may include dance, gymnastics, swimming, running, and any other activity with humans in motion.
  • a step labeled "Select Frames" for frame selection is performed.
  • An operator using a personal computer or workstation retrieves the stored video files for playback and performs frame select operations. Culling or eliminating some portion of the video frames or images is performed by an operator using a computer aided tool to reduce the video sequence to the most important frames, any number of frames can be chosen. As a simple illustrative example, 15 or 20 video images could be selected from the series of video frames or photo images included in the video of one motion or stroke.
  • the operator uses the video frame tools to produce an output file with the selected frames in a visual sequence, and this output file is also stored as a digital video file in a tangible media.
  • the first frame selected for conversion is the "ready" position of the professional although other frames may be used as the "first frames".
  • the ready position is very important and comparison between the correct motion and the student's motion should include the ready position.
  • the frame focal (the frame or frames that best captures the point of impact position between the ball and the racquet) is identified and subsequent video frames of images are selected based on the speed and path of the swing and on the student's swing video.
  • the selected images may include those frames or images beginning at the ready position, the backswing, the transition frames or images where the swing transitions to follow through in the forward direction, the frames immediately before impact, and the frames depicting the impact and the frames immediately after impact.
  • the last frame chosen may be the frame depicting the position of the racquet at the end of its path.
  • a unique tool and process, the FOP tool may be employed in step ST02 to assist in the frame selection method of ST03.
  • the FOP method is described in more detail below and shown in Figure 4.
  • the FOP tool enables an operator using a computer such as a laptop, personal computer or workstation to analyze frames by retrieving a video file, performing a video playback and examining a visual sports sequence to determine specific positions of objects captured in a video frame (for example, the objects may include the ball, the wrist, knees, racquet, arms, feet, etc.) while analyzing video produced by commercial devices such as a point and shoot camera, or consumer quality camcorder.
  • the FOP tool enables drawing and cutting of images for subsequent use in the visual analysis. A camera shooting video at a selected frame rate always takes discrete samples.
  • the FOP tool makes it possible to easily identify, in a video playback at regular playback speed, the locations of objects and to apply rulers on the video frames.
  • the FOP tool enables, for example, an operator to locate the particular frame in a sequence that best captures an event.
  • One event typically sought after in tennis sequence is the ball striking the racquet, and this frame then becomes the "focal" frame. Using this frame as the focal frame, other frames captured before and after this frame are also selected for analysis.
  • the FOP tool output is another video file stored in a tangible media for retrieval by the computer or workstation.
  • the embodiments also include specially developed drawing tools. These tools may be used to add, for example, clocks showing elapsed times between events, angle wheels, drawing lines may be added showing the line a ball or object such as racquet takes, and other visually significant objects or cues may be created and added to the video files. Also, the tools allow the angle an object strikes another object to be determined and using the tools, missing information may be created and added. For example, if the frame sequence does not provide the exact moment a racquet and ball are in contact, the tools allow the position of the objects to be determined from the angles, motions etc that are available, and a frame correctly depicting the desired instant may be created and added to the sequence. Thus even if the video provided does not have all of the desired frames, the analysis may be corrected and completed using the tools of the embodiments.
  • drawing tools may be used to add, for example, clocks showing elapsed times between events, angle wheels, drawing lines may be added showing the line a ball or object such as racquet takes, and other visually significant objects
  • outlines of the professional athlete are trimmed from the selected video images for use in the succeeding steps.
  • the outlines may be provided, for example, by an automated software tool processing the image frames from the FOP tool.
  • the outlines are provided by a method using a computer aided graphical tool guided by an operator to add visual artifacts to a video file.
  • the operator can select the athlete's figure and remove it for further processing.
  • the operator may again use the FOP tool described above to locate hard to see objects and using graphical tools, add these details to those frames; then the clarified image may be used to provide the outlines for cutting out. Once all of the outlines are ready, the process continues.
  • the selected professional video frames are retrieved from a stored video file and converted to video files containing "stick figures" or templates from a stick figure database 11.
  • the database 11 has been designed and developed and continues to be increased. These sick figures consist of head shapes, torso shapes, wrists, hands and feet and, for the tennis application being discussed as an example here, tennis racquets. All other body parts are graphically drawn and connected using computer graphical techniques. All of these stick figures are designed to visually resemble the movement of a professional player's tennis swing.
  • the selected sequence of video frames is created where the outline (now isolated for each of the selected frames) of the professional athlete is replaced with components from the "stick figure” database in a conversion process.
  • This process is done either automatically or using graphic design utilities guided by an operator to select the appropriate stick figure component, replacing the portion of the athlete's body part in each frame in the selected frames with the stick figure component. If a particular image is not appropriately available in the stick figure database, a new stick figure may be created and stored in the database. A software utility then automatically draws appropriate connections between joints and completes the conversion process.
  • Figure 3 Another set of steps is shown that may be performed either serially with the above steps or simultaneously with one or more of them.
  • the student's swing video is analyzed.
  • a student video sequence is received as a video file stored in a tangible media.
  • the file is retrieved for playback and a portion of the frames from the student's swing video that approximately or best matches the frames selected from the professional's swing video is made, and these selected frames are stored as a video file for further processing. In some known examples, 15 or 20 frames were selected, although many more could be used if system resources allow. Again, the FOP tool may be used to assist in the selection, at step ST08.
  • step ST09 after the student frames are selected, another outline trimming process is performed more or less in the same manner as described above with respect to the professional's image frames in Figure 2.
  • the student frame sequence is stored as a digital video file containing frames in a visual sequence ready for further processing.
  • the two motions should first be aligned or matched up. For example, the movement from "set up" of a motion to the initial swing motion for the professional and the student will move in varying directions.
  • This alignment is done in step STlO by retrieving each of the stored video files containing the two visual sequences, and using a computer and performing video playback of each file, an operator determines the frame in each sequence that represents the player's last motion before the swing begins, which in the tennis application is where the motion commits the player to a forward movement.
  • the operator may identify the frames in each sequence where the professional athlete and the student athlete are in a "ready position”.
  • the stick figure is aligned to the image of the student; for example by aligning them at the feet or hips.
  • the FOP tool may be used to assist in identifying motions or object locations to enhance this process.
  • step STl 1 the stick figures formed from the professional video frames are now visually overlaid with the student outlines to form a visual overlay sports motion analysis that is stored in a tangible media as a user ready video file. Once each frame of the student's selected frames are completed in the overlay process, the visual analysis is ready for analysis and the completed digital video overlay file is imported into the VOTSA system.
  • additional critical components of the tennis stroke may be provided as additional VOTSA outputs.
  • Swing Path analysis the student's swing path is measured from approximately the center of the tennis racquet, staring from the "ready" position through the completion of the tennis swing. Measuring the swing path in this manner captures the backswing, the point of contact with the ball, and the follow through.
  • the swing paths may be color coded by adding artifacts to the visual overlay. Different colors may be used to distinguish the swing path of the professional from that of the student.
  • shoulder Movement Another component presented in certain embodiments is Shoulder Movement.
  • the shoulder position of both the student and the professional are captured and isolated.
  • a visual overlay comparison is provided so that the student and his / her instructor can visually determine how the shoulder movement of the student differs from the professional.
  • the shoulder movement frames are also created and imported into VOTSA for analysis.
  • Eye Contact Another component presented in certain embodiments is referred to as Eye Contact.
  • a line artifact is added to the visual overlay from the student's eyes and leading towards the area the student is looking at during the motion. This line then is used to indicate the student's line of sight throughout the motion.
  • This analysis allows the student and/or their instructor to make a determination on when the student stops “watching the ball” or “keeping their eye on the ball” during the motion throughout the swing.
  • Point of Contact Another component presented in certain embodiments is Point of Contact.
  • the selected frames or images depict the contact position of the racquet of the professional and the student in a visual overlay analysis. The student and/or the instructor can then compare the point in the motion where the student contacts the ball, and where the professional contacts the ball. These frames are also imported into the VOTSA system for analysis.
  • these embodiments provide an additional advantage in that the student and instructor can quickly view each of these components, saving the student the expense of paying for instructor time to spend additional time reviewing separate analysis results.
  • Exemplary embodiments provide the visual overlay analysis to the student user in a variety of user friendly formats as part of the package. Note that these are examples and are not required to be used or provided to use the other embodiments described herein, the visual overlay motion analysis file alone would provide great facility for the student, but these components may be conveniently provided for additional ease of use. Advantages of the system are that any student or coach, anywhere, can submit a video file for analysis and comparison, and in a turnkey manner, receive an output file that can easily be viewed. The student or coach does not need special video or camcorder equipment, and a skilled videographer is not required.
  • any computer such as a school or office system or at a kiosk can be used to play back the videos, using a simple web interface tool.
  • the embodiments enable visual comparison analysis and training to be extended to the masses, anywhere in the world. Coaches from around the world can evaluate a student that may be in another part of the world and communicate their thoughts through notes typed or voice recording on a frame by frame basis, so that the student can access and perform distance learning with these embodiments.
  • the "Home Page” the original video of the professional's stroke and the original video of the student's stroke are provided and may be selected for playback.
  • a menu is provided for playing back the professional's video at various speeds, and for examining the sequence in a frame by frame playback view.
  • a menu is provided for selecting and playing back the student's video at various speeds and for examining the sequence in a frame by frame playback view.
  • the visual overlay may be played back at various speeds or viewed on a frame by frame basis.
  • Visual overlay Analysis a menu is provided for selecting and playing the following items in visual overlay analysis: Swing Path, Shoulder Turn, Eye Contact, and Point of Contact.
  • the visual overlay analysis may appear grouped on one page as described above or on separate pages, with only one visual analysis shown per page.
  • the visual analysis components described are only examples of the analysis that may be included.
  • Other analysis may focus on any other part of the student's or professional's motion that is included in the video files stored on video media, such as hands, wrists, feet, legs, or head, to name a few.
  • a grip analysis may also be provided.
  • Drawing Tools such as clock, angle wheel, grid, drawing lines Auto Sync of the videos, with the contact or other point
  • VOTSA PACKAGE COMPONENTS The output of the VOSMA/VOTSA package may be provided to the student or his / her instructor in a variety of ways.
  • the visual overlay files may be transmitted in common user ready video player formats via email, file transfer, or downloaded from a website.
  • Computer readable media such as USB or flash drives, DVD disks, and other non- volatile storage may be used and delivered to the student.
  • a printable form of the images may be provided so that the student athlete can print them, and then the student may carry the analysis even when a computer or other video playback device is not available to them.
  • Figure 4 depicts in a flow diagram another method embodiment for the FOP process. This process, while part of the VOTSA package, may be used as an independent method for visual analysis and is not limited in application to the VOSMA/VOTSA package.
  • a video sequence having objects in relative motion is received.
  • the method begins by receiving, for example from a frame buffer or other video storage, a sequence.
  • the video objects are in relative motion, for example a bat and a ball may be included.
  • an operator observes the sequence using a tool such as in a video editing environment in video playback.
  • step ST 14 the operator applies rulers to the video playback.
  • the rulers indicate the relative motion of objects in the video.
  • the operator seeks to use the FOP tool to identify a frame where the objects intersect, (i.e., the ball makes contact with the bat).
  • the intersection point of the rulers identifies the frames where this may occur.
  • the operator finds this point in the playback.
  • the "focal" frame is identified. This frame is then used as an index point to identify the frames immediately preceding, and immediately following, the focal frame for frame selection.
  • This method makes rapid and cost effective processing of the visual sequences possible, helping make the VOTSA a cost effective training tool.
  • the FOP tool may be used independently of VOTSA as a visual analysis method.
  • a user interface is provided that allows the student athlete, parents or mentors, professional trainers or coaches, secondary coaches, or other interested parties, using a computer or PDA and a web-based user interface, to communicate on the progress of the student athlete.
  • Figure 5 illustrates a graph showing the "four squares" of a student athlete's training program. The athlete is shown in square 41, the parents or mentors are in square 42, the professional coach or trainer is shown in square 43, and the secondary coach is shown in square 44. Many athletes or trainees are training with each of the persons identified in the four square diagram involved in setting practice schedules, selecting drills and workout routines, and providing correction to the athlete. These four squares visually indicate the persons that need information from the system.
  • the communications between all the persons involved in the athlete's training is critical to the athlete's success.
  • the coaches and parents or mentors need to be informed of the observations and recommendations made by the other persons in the four squares, each of whom is involved in the training.
  • the system allows coaches notes and comments to be created and added to the visual sequences and stored along with the visual sequence for each frame of the video analysis. These notes are coordinated with the visual sequences and stored in a tangible media in a manner where they can be retrieved for playback by the other persons involved, including by the athlete.
  • the coaches' notes may include suggested drills and practice routines designed to correct the errors seen in the athlete's motions or positions.
  • the communications tool embodiment includes a calendar feature with a workout and other commitments tracking system, so that all of the parties are informed of the time commitment and efforts put forth by the student.
  • the communication embodiment allows for the use of additional features such as auto texting (text to a cellular device or computer) and automatic emailing of updates made through the calendar function. In this way communication is facilitated among the "four squares" and the other persons involved in the training program.
  • a video graph or video history feature is provided.
  • This video graph or video history feature allows the student's motions and the progress in attempts to correct the motions to be documented.
  • Video files containing video of the athlete performing the motions are stored with individual date or time stamps. These stored video files may be added as retrievable files on a user interface such as a web page, or stored locally by the user at their computer.
  • Comparison video files may be created for playback presenting a visual comparison between the student videos. These visual comparisons may be presented in side by side visual displays.
  • the auto sync feature may be used to play back two video sequences starting just before a common critical point, such as at a ready position or point of contact using a single command or "button" on the interface.
  • one video file can be used as an overlay file and a visual overlay video file can be created with another video file, displaying the athlete's motions captured at different times in a visual overlay comparison.
  • the video graph feature of this embodiment allows the benchmarking and documentation of a trainee's progress
  • Figure 6 depicts in a flow diagram the steps that are performed in this embodiment.
  • a first time or date stamped video sequence file is selected from among stored date or time stamped video files. This may be done at a computer that includes storage of the files locally, or more likely, over a web based user interface to a web hosting service that stores the files as individual athlete's video files on a file server.
  • a second time or date stamped video sequence is selected for comparison to the first file.
  • step ST53 a simple decision is made. If the playback of a comparison is needed immediately and with a minimum of additional time, a side by side comparison may be performed immediately by playing back the two stored video files in a visual side by side display. This is shown as step ST57. Step ST57 may include the use of the auto sync feature in playback.
  • step ST54 indicating a visual overlay comparison is selected.
  • the two files are put through the visual overlay process described above and shown in Figures 2, 3 and 4.
  • a visual overlay file is returned at step ST55.
  • the visual overlay process requires an operator using the methods provided above to process the two video files, identify the frames for analysis, add artifacts such as stick figures, and produce the visual overlay file.
  • the visual overlay comparison file is ready it may be provided to the user for playback, for example, as a downloadable file saved on a web server and transferred via a web interface. The user can then observe the visual overlay by performing a video playback of the visual overlay file, at step ST56.
  • a video sequence of the student athlete's motion, or an individual frame or frames of the student athlete's motion is altered using the video frame tools of the system.
  • the altered visual sequence or frame is used to present a visual image or video sequence of the athlete shown performing the motion using the technically correct positions and movements.
  • This file is then stored in a tangible media for playback. This feature allows the student to see a visual representation of himself/ herself performing the motion correctly. The student can then form a mental image of himself / herself performing the motion correctly in his / her mind, which makes it possible for the student to perform the motion correctly.
  • the student, coach or trainer selects a video file of the student performing the motion for analysis, and the file is put through a process similar to the process for the visual overlay analysis.
  • the tools of the system are used, with an operator's input, to alter the visual representation of the athlete to visually show the correct motion, and an altered visual sequence file is created and stored.
  • the file may again be provided to the user for playback, for example, as a downloadable file saved on a web server and transferred via a web interface. The user can then observe the visual overlay by performing a video playback of file.
  • a student athlete and/or his / her instructor can receive a visual overlay sports motion analysis providing a playable visual comparison of the performance of a sports motion to a professional athlete.
  • Additional analytical components such as visual overlay analysis of grip, swing motion, point of contact, eye contact, and shoulder turn may be provided.
  • the visual overlay analysis may be observed in normal playback, slow motion, or frame by frame.
  • the visual motion analysis is created from video taken with consumer grade and readily available equipment and the visual analysis output is returned in a user friendly technology format compatible with many devices already in use in most households, such as PCs, laptops, PDAs, cellphones, MP3 players and the like.
  • the system provides a turnkey facility, the student and coach do not need any particular skills in manipulating computer files, using video editors or videography, or computing to use the system. Rather, a simple web interface may be used with any computer anywhere.
  • a simple web interface may be used with any computer anywhere.
  • Use of the embodiments advantageously provide the student's video sequences as stored files of video clips that are saved and stored and viewable on a single, easy to use web page.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • Electrically Operated Instructional Devices (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur des procédés et un système pour fournir une analyse de mouvements sportifs en superposition vidéo. Un procédé du mode de réalisation comprend la réception de fichiers contenant des images vidéo enregistrant l'exécution d'un mouvement par un athlète professionnel (ST01) et des images vidéo de l'exécution du mouvement par un étudiant (ST03). Une représentation en bonhomme stylisé du mouvement de l'athlète professionnel est fournie sous la forme d'une séquence vidéo (11) ; la séquence vidéo est alignée sur et superposée aux contours de l'athlète étudiant (ST05). Un fichier vidéo pouvant être lu fournissant une comparaison visuelle entre le mouvement de l'athlète étudiant et le mouvement du professionnel est créé et distribué. Les différences entre les deux mouvements sont évaluées. Une représentation de l'étudiant effectuant le mouvement correctement est créée et stockée pour permettre une lecture ; permettant à l'étudiant de se visualiser mentalement effectuant le mouvement correct. Les modes de réalisation fournissent un système clef en main utilisable partout dans le monde par n'importe quel étudiant ou entraîneur à faible coût.
PCT/US2010/021878 2009-01-23 2010-01-22 Analyse de mouvements sportifs en superposition vidéo WO2010085704A1 (fr)

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CN109859576A (zh) * 2019-04-03 2019-06-07 周口职业技术学院 一种经济管理用思维导图工具
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US20120262484A1 (en) * 2011-04-12 2012-10-18 Kinesiocapture, Llc Motion Capture and Analysis at a Portable Computing Device
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JP2013034492A (ja) * 2011-08-03 2013-02-21 Jvc Kenwood Corp 表示装置及び表示方法
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US20220277663A1 (en) * 2021-02-26 2022-09-01 Justin A Tehrani Guided Learning Systems, Devices, and Methods

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