WO2010085169A1

WO2010085169A1 - Floating means for tanks

Info

Publication number: WO2010085169A1
Application number: PCT/RU2009/000328
Authority: WO
Inventors: Леонид Федорович ФЕДОСЕЕВ; Александр Александрович АДАМАНТОВ; Лев Михайлович КЛЯЧКО; Владимир Григорьевич КРУГЛИКОВ; Валерий Павлович МИЛОГОЛОВ; Фарид Хабибуллович XACAHOB; Сергей Станиславович ЧЕРНОВ; Леонид Егорович ШАРАПОВ; Анатолий Федорович ШЛЕМОВ
Original assignee: Открытое Акционерное Общество "Центральный Научно- Исследовательский Институт "Kypc"
Priority date: 2009-01-21
Filing date: 2009-07-01
Publication date: 2010-07-29

Abstract

The invention relates to floating means for giving nautical qualities to tanks and for extending the functionalities thereof. The floating means comprises two water-permeable lateral pontoons, a wing for producing a lifting force from an oncoming water flow and directing said flow under the nose of the tank, and tail inserts. The pontoons are attached to the tank by means of front and rear attachments. The wing is mounted in front of the tank between the pontoons. The tail inserts are secured on an L-shaped extension along the inner side of the tail end of the corresponding lateral pontoon. The overall dimensions of the floating means are selected so as to permit the transportation of given loads while providing optimal hydrodynamic possibilities and terrain crossing capacity. The front attachment consists of a bracket which is hingedly connected to the inner side of the pontoon, and a shoe with a wedge-shaped surface. The rear attachment consists of upper and lower brackets mounted on the tank, and receiving seats in the end parts of the L-shaped extension. The floating means is provided with an emergency suspension for preventing the pontoons from breaking away if the front attachment is broken. The invention makes it possible to improve the combat, defensive and operating characteristics of tanks and extends the functionalities thereof.

Description

TANK TANK EQUIPMENT

The invention relates to watercraft, providing the giving of seaworthiness to tanks and the expansion of functionality.

Known craft for the equipment of the tank with the aim of giving it seaworthiness. The craft contains two water-permeable side pontoons, a wing to create lift from the oncoming flow of water and drain it under the bow of the tank and stern inserts. The pontoons are filled with lightweight aggregate and are designed to be mounted on the tank by the bow and stern attachment points. The wing is installed between the pontoons in front of the tank and is fixed on the inner sides of the pontoons. Fodder inserts are placed in the aft end of the pontoons and are fixed on their inner sides. The nasal tip of the pontoon is rounded in plan and high bulwark, the aft tip of the pontoon is L-shaped widened on the inner side, the bottom is made flat with a smooth transition to the wedge rise towards the aft and bow ends. In the aft end of the pontoon, a tunnel is made to accommodate the propeller in the nozzle, driven into rotation from the drive wheels of the tank through a booster gear, and a stabilizer rudder. The nose mount consists of a swivel bracket mounted on the inside of the pontoon and a shoe with a locking device welded to the bow of the tank. Aft mount consists of upper and lower brackets mounted on the rear wall of the tank, and mating sockets located in the end part of the L-shaped extension of the pontoon, with adjusting elements (Technical description and operating instructions for PCT-63 M watercraft, part 1, MPT, Yoshkar-Ola, 1976). This technical solution is the closest analogue to the claimed object.

The main disadvantages of the known craft are:

- low carrying capacity (2.5 t);

- insecurity of navigation - when the locking device is opened on the nose bracket or the destruction of one of the brackets (when a shell hits) the tank sinks.

The technical result that can be achieved by implementing the proposed invention is to increase the combat, protective and operational qualities of tanks, as well as to expand the functionality, including: landing, combat and security operations in the coastal 200 km zone, as well as providing the ability to move the craft on water without a tank.

To achieve the specified technical result, a watercraft for equipment of tanks is proposed, which contains two water-permeable side pontoons filled with lightweight aggregate and made with the possibility of fastening to the tank by means of bow and stern attachment points, a wing to create lifting force from the oncoming water flow and divert it under the nasal tip tank installed between the pontoons, in front of the tank, and aft inserts, each of which is fixed to the L-shaped extension, made internally him board the aft end of the corresponding side pontoon. The dimensions of the craft are selected from the condition of ensuring the transportation of specified loads with while ensuring optimal hydrodynamic capabilities, land patency - the maximum possible entry and exit angles and clearance of at least the tank’s clearance, with the choice of the minimum width of the tank with a watercraft for landing on landing ships, with ensuring unsinkability at full load and hull flooding tank water. For each side pontoon: the pontoon's nose, pointed in plan, is made with a tank and with smooth ship contours, the bottom is made flat with a smooth transition to the wedge rise towards the bow and stern ends, the cheekbone of the outer side is rounded. The nasal mount consists of a bracket pivotally mounted on the inside of the pontoon and a shoe with a wedge-shaped surface onto which the head of the bracket is held, held by a latch with a latch in engagement with a weld mounted on the shoe. Aft mount consists of the upper and lower brackets mounted on the tank wall, and mating sockets made in the end part of the L-shaped expansion. The ship is equipped with an emergency suspension, which serves to prevent the pontoon from bouncing when the bow mount is destroyed and consists of a rod with a hook pivotally mounted on the tank and a chipper suspension pivotally mounted with its upper end on the pontoon and made so that its lower end has the ability to be installed into the hook of the bar. In the stern of the pontoon, a tunnel is made to accommodate the propeller and stabilizer steering wheel.

On the transom of each pontoon, it is possible to install an outboard motor to ensure the movement of the tank with a watercraft without a working engine and increase the speed of the tank, as well as to give the boat the ability to move on water without a tank, and the attachment points of the feed inserts on the extensions of the side pontoons are made with the possibility of securing the pontoons to each other to form a watercraft with the ability to move on water without a tank.

Mine paths for transporting anti-ship mines and freight carts are installed on the deck of the pontoons. On the aft side of the deck of the pontoons there is a guard rail with hinged bulletproof shields, splash shields and doors for landing, while in the front area of the guard rail there is the possibility of placing two removable anti-aircraft machine guns, MANPADS of the Igla type and ATGM of the Kopnet type, as well as seats for the landing, in the area of the aft inserts there are slots for installing a removable household or removable office module with an elevation above the deck surface to provide water flow.

A collapsing mast is installed on the roof of the module to accommodate PJIC antennas (radar systems), radio communications (radio communications), signaling devices, etc.

The connection of the deck with the outer side is rounded to reduce splashing.

In the stern of one of the pontoons, a gutter with a slope is provided for pulling on a boat of a sea boat.

In the pontoons under the deck, fuel tanks are provided with a volume that provides the necessary cruising range. In the stern of the pontoons along the sides are provided platforms for launching Eagle type missiles.

On the transom of the pontoons, fixtures for installing removable toilets are provided.

A wing to create lift from the oncoming water flow and divert it under the nasal tip of the tank is installed between the pontoons in front of the tank with the possibility of fixing it on the inner sides of the pontoons in different positions in height and angle of attack,

Further, the essence of the invention is illustrated by the example of the use of watercraft for equipment of the T-72B tank. Tank T-72B, equipped with the proposed watercraft, in the description text is given the conventional name "Alligator" ("Alligator T-72B").

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where:

- in FIG. 1 shows a tank equipped with a watercraft, side view;

- in FIG. 2 - the same, top view;

- in FIG. 3 - a tank equipped with a craft with a utility module, side view;

- in FIG. 4 - tank equipped with a craft with a utility module, top view;

- in FIG. 5 - a tank equipped with a watercraft with a utility module and a boat, top view;

- in FIG. 6a - nose mount pontoons;

- in FIG. 66 - nose bracket;

- in FIG. 6c - attachment unit of the nose bracket; - in FIG. 6g - aft upper mount;

- in FIG. 6d - lower aft mount;

- in FIG. 7 - emergency suspension;

- in FIG. 8 - a watercraft in assembled condition for use as an independent means of moving through water without a tank;

- in FIG. 9 - wing mount.

The boat contains two water-permeable side pontoons 1 and 2 (Fig. 2, 5). Each pontoon is made of metal sheets, for example, from AMg-5B alloy.

The cavities of the pontoons 1, 2 are filled with a lightweight aggregate (for example, polyurethane foam with additives that reduce hygroscopicity and combustibility), providing buoyancy and unsinkability. The nasal tip of the pontoon is made with a tank (elevation) above the deck (instead of a bulwark), which makes it possible to move behind the tug at higher speeds without diving. The nasal tip 3 can be made removable to provide the possibility of reducing the length of the pontoon during transportation of "Alligators" on landing ships. The bottom of the pontoon is flat with a smooth transition to a wedge-shaped rise in the fore and aft ends. The outer side is rounded off. The connection of the deck with the outer side is rounded to reduce splashing. A deep tunnel is provided in the aft part of the pontoons to accommodate a propeller with a nozzle and a stabilizer rudder. Pontoons 1 and 2 are fixed on the tank 4 by means of the bow and stern attachment points (Fig. 6a - 6d).

The nasal mount consists of a nose bracket 5 and its mounting unit on the tank 4. The nasal bracket 5 consists of a head 6, lower and upper legs 7 and lugs 8, with which it is pivotally attached to the pontoon 1, 2. The mounting unit of the nose bracket 5 on the tank 4 consists of a shoe 9, welded to the tank body, the heck 10, pivotally connected to the head 6 of the bracket by an eccentric roller 11, the weld 12, which serves to hold the nose bracket with the help of the pin 10 and the latch 13, and a lever 14 to open the heck 10 when reset pontoons.

Aft mount is as follows. The upper stern mount (Fig. 6d.) Consists of a box 15 with adjusting elements mounted on the pontoon, the upper bracket 16, welded to the body (wall) of the tank 4 and the upper support 17. The lower stern mount (Fig. 6d.) bracket 18, welded to the hull (wall) of the tank, the box 19 mounted on the pontoon 1, 2, and the finger 20.

Between the pontoons 1, 2 in front of the tank 4, a wing 21 is located to create lift from the oncoming flow of water and divert it under the bow of the tank. The inner cavity of the wing is filled with a lightweight aggregate, for example, polyurethane foam. The wing 21 is fixed on the inner sides of the pontoons 1, 2 (Fig. 2) in various positions along the height depending on the load. Between the stern extensions of the pontoons, behind the hull of the tank are the feed inserts 22 with lightweight aggregate, which are mounted on the inner sides of the pontoons.

To ensure the unsinkability of the tank in an emergency (opening of the nose attachment points or destruction of the nose attachment point when a projectile hits), emergency suspensions are installed in the area of the nose attachment, which keeps the machine connected to the pontoons afloat.

The emergency suspension (Fig. 7) consists of a rod 23 with a hook 24, and a chipper suspension 25. The rod is pivotally mounted in the eyes 26 welded to the tank 4 above the sump. The chipper suspension is pivotally fixed by a detachable connection in the eyes 27, welded to the pontoon body. The hook 24 of the rod 23 is engaged with the lower end 28 of the chipper suspension 25.

A tank equipped with the proposed watercraft acquires the following seaworthiness:

- buoyancy - the volume of buoyancy provides the ability to transport goods up to 8 tons;

- stability ("Alligator T-72B" will never turn over);

- unsinkability - a buoyancy reserve of about 14 m ³ ;

- speed - provides a speed afloat up to 15km / h;

- controllability - keeping on course and smooth turns are provided with the help of a steering wheel - stabilizer controlled by a mechanic - driver; turns with propellers;

- seaworthiness - safety of navigation is ensured in case of any sea disturbance - "Alligatop" will not roll over and will not drown, it remains on floating at full load and filling the hull with water, the personnel are not susceptible to seasickness.

Given that the objective of the invention (watercraft) is to give the tank seaworthiness, as well as new functional capabilities, including: landing, combat and security operations in the coastal two-hundred-kilometer zone, etc., the following possibilities are provided for watercraft:

- airborne landing - a guard rail with mounted bulletproof shields and splashproof curtains is installed on the stern of the craft, in the area of which airborne troops of up to 80 people can be accommodated. Bulletproof shields also serve as a defense against pressure when firing a gun mount. Bulletproof shields and splashproof curtains are hung on the railing with an elevation above the deck for water flow. It is planned to provide the landing with seats, while MANPADs and ATGM containers will be used as seats, as well as the installation of cable benches and folding seats; doors and steps are provided for the landing from the deck along the sides. On the transom along the sides, it is possible to install removable folding toilets 29 (Fig. 3);

- placement of funds to enhance the protection of Alligatopa from air targets - the protection of Alligatopa from air targets is sharply increased due to: the installation of a PJIC (radar station), which provides an increase in the detection range, the adoption of MANPADS of the Igla type and two detachable anti-aircraft machine guns 30, and also due to the possibility of using full-time weapons landing. On the transom of the pontoon, there are places for launching missiles 31 (Fig. 3). A flurry of fire with 2 ^x - 3 ^x "Alligator" will provide reliable protection against helicopters;

- strengthening the protection of Alligatopa from surface ships (HK) - the protection of Alligatopa from HK is enhanced primarily by increasing the effectiveness of the standard armament of the tank, thanks to the deployment of a radar station, which provides a significant increase in the detection range of surface ships. In the fight against surface ships, "Alligators" have a great advantage, because the Alligatopa target is ten times smaller than the target of the ship. Detecting Alligatop at a distance of more than 7 - 8 km is very difficult, and even more difficult to drown. At the same time, “Alligator” will detect the ship much earlier and the power of 4 - 5 “Alligator” will constitute a threat to any ship. Of great importance in the fight against surface ships is the ability of Alligatopa to set minefields. On the deck of the pontoons provides for the installation of mine tracks 32 for the transport of mines. On mine tracks freight carts can also be fixed for transporting various goods;

- installation of a service module, or a residential module, or a mobile hospital module - to increase the effectiveness of combat and security operations in the 200-kilometer zone, increase the detection range of anti-aircraft and surface targets, and ensure autonomy of navigation for up to three days, on the deck of pontoons and stern the inserts, it is possible to install an easily removable utility module 33 (Figs. 3, 4, 5). To install module 33 in the deck of the pontoon and stern inserts holes (sockets) are provided in which tubular supports of the module are inserted, providing a gap between the bottom of the module and the deck of pontoons and stern inserts for water flow. The utility module provides for the placement of the instrument part and control post of PJIC (radar station), P / S (radio communications) and navigation aids, 4-8 beds, galley and sanitary equipment. A drop-down mast is installed on the roof of the module to accommodate the PJIC antenna and light-signaling equipment. Assuming that combat and security operations will be carried out by a unit consisting of 3–5 Alligators, a module with PJIC equipment will be installed only on the craft of the unit commander. Communication inside the link will be carried out through the standard equipment of armored vehicles. To provide electricity PJIC, R / s and so on. It will be possible to install a turbogenerator. The mobile hospital module (resuscitation module) will be installed on the Alligator if necessary to evacuate the wounded from the areas of military operations, including the wounded, who need emergency resuscitation;

- installation of fuel tanks — installation of fuel tanks 35 in the pontoons of the craft of a ship (Fig. 1) provides the possibility of increasing the cruising range to 400 km or more;

- deployment of a high-speed sea boat - to perform a number of tasks (including the fight against terrorists, poachers) that require quick delivery of combat or search teams to a place fulfillment of the assignment, it is possible to place a high-speed sea boat 36 on Alligatope (Fig. 5). To do this, in the stern, for example, of the right pontoon 2, a gutter with a slope 37 is provided, along which the boat is pulled onto the Alligator.

Pontoons are mounted by the crew in ~ 30 min. using a hydraulic lifting device mounted on a tower.

To drop the craft from the tank, you must remotely open the lock on the nose bracket.

The tank equipped with this craft can be of particular importance in landing through sea barriers.

Currently, the transportation of landing troops in the first echelon is carried out, as a rule, on landing ships. For landing, ships must approach directly to the shore. However, this can not always be done, because strong enemy fire is possible from the shore or because of the shallow water, therefore, it is necessary to unload the assault force at a certain distance from approaching the shore, and carry out further movement to the landing points on their amphibious tanks and armored vehicles. These operations are the most dangerous both for the landing force (since floating armored vehicles have low seaworthiness) and for landing ships (a large target with weak weapons). A great danger for landing ships and transports is also their passage through the zone, shot by long-range artillery (35 - 40 km) to the landing area. Tanks equipped with the proposed craft can landing:

1 - independently (without ships) through sea obstacles up to 150 km wide, while, in addition to self-landing, they can carry up to 50 - 70 landing troops, or up to 8 tons of cargo, fight air targets, surface ships and enemy coastal forces using almost all types of standard armament of the tank, as well as armament taken on watercraft, including anti-aircraft machine guns, MANPADS, ATGMs, anti-ship mines, standard amphibious assault weapons. Having the ability to move on land, “Alligators”, when moving on water, can use fairways with shallows and shallows, in which the opposition of surface ships of the enemy will be significantly reduced, and landing can be done in places where the enemy did not expect. If necessary, tanks can, without dropping boats, move deep into the mainland with the remaining landing force of 4-6 people, with the aim of additional monitoring of the terrain and the likely threat of the enemy, as well as the use of weapons placed on the boats.

2 - on landing ships with a gate width of 8 m - the presence of "Alligators" as part of the landing on landing ships gives full reason to change the landing scheme, namely to unload the "Alligators" and landing, as well as the formation of landing waves of the first echelon in the area not fired coastal artillery, i.e. at a distance of 35 - 40 km from the coast. Transportation of troops to the landing site will be carried out at Alligatopax at the above scheme, and landing ships approach the shore as part of the second echelon. If it is necessary to urgently unload the armored vehicles remaining on the ship, the ship can continue to move as part of the first echelon under the protection of Alligatopov.

3 - in tow behind the ships, and the transportation of troops on warships (vehicles). This landing option is possible at speeds up to 20 km / h. In a situation of threat from the enemy (surface ships, aircraft), the Alligators will remotely disengage, take up positions to guard ships (transports) and continue to move in a disengaged state until the danger is eliminated. Upon reaching the zone fired by long-range coastal artillery, the assault forces from transports are loaded onto the Alligators and the movement continues to the landing point according to the above scheme.

Thus, possessing seaworthiness, ensuring safety of navigation, the ability to move in shallow water and along the coast, high combat, protective and operational capabilities, low cost of construction and operation, a tank equipped with a watercraft will have a wide scope of use, including:

- conducting landing operations: landing on their own, on landing ships, as well as in tow behind ships and vessels;

- conducting combat and security operations in the coastal two-hundred-kilometer zone;

- transportation of mines and setting minefields;

- protection of drilling rigs, oil and gas production units;

- participation in resolving conflict situations; - the fight against terrorism, both in the maritime zone and in the coastal zone, teeming with water obstacles;

- protection of ship caravans at crossings in hazardous areas;

- protection of a squadron located in the zone of a likely enemy;

- evacuation of civilians, property from the war zone;

- a means for outdoor activities at sea ..

In order to ensure the return of the watercraft dumped from the tank behind the tugboat, it is possible to connect the pontoons to each other using the attachment points of the feed inserts on the pontoons. The inserts are removed and fixed on the pontoons in front of the feed extensions: left insert on the right pontoon, right insert on the left pontoon. The nasal wing is used as a ligament in the bow of the pontoons with fastening on the decks of the pontoons.

The arrangement shown in FIG. 8 can be used as an independent craft with the possibility of landing, self-defense from air targets. The movement on the water in this case is carried out by outboard motors or by a tug.

A feature of the craft is also the nature of the mounting of the wing 21 on the inner sides of the pontoons 1, 2 (Fig.9). As noted above, the wing serves to create lift from the oncoming flow of water and divert it under the bow of the tank. Given that depending on the weight of the cargo transported by the boat, the draft and trim of the Alligatopa will change, it is likely that the Alligatopa will dive, since the incoming flow can go to the bow of the tank. To avoid diving It is possible to change the position of wing 21 in height and angle of attack (in 2 ^x - 3 ^x different positions). To this end, additional openings 38 are provided on the inner sides of the pontoons for the upper retractable spring-loaded pins 39 mounted on the wing and grooves for moving the lower pins 40. It is possible to change the position of the wing afloat by two people. On the upper edge of the wing are mounted handles, for which you can raise or lower the wing (having previously opened the upper pins) to fix the upper pins 39 in the desired holes. The lower pins 40 move along the groove 41.

Claims

CLAIM

1. A means of equipment for tanks, containing two permeable airborne pontoons, filled with lightweight aggregate and made with the possibility of fastening to the tank by means of bow and stern mounts, a wing to create lift from the oncoming flow of water and divert it under the bow of the tank, installed between the pontoons in front tank, and feed inserts, each of which is mounted on the L-shaped extension, made on the inner side of the aft end of the corresponding side pontoon, watercraft are selected from the condition of ensuring the transportation of specified cargoes while ensuring optimal hydrodynamic capabilities, land patency — the maximum possible entry and exit angles and a clearance of at least the clearance of the tank — with the choice of the minimum possible width of the tank with a vehicle for approaching landing ships, and to ensure unsinkability at full load and flooding of the tank hull with water, for each side pontoon: the nose of the pontoon, pointed in plan, is made with a tank and with a smooth and ship's contours, the bottom is made flat with a smooth transition to a wedge rise towards the bow and stern ends, the cheekbone of the outer side is rounded, while the bow mount consists of a bracket pivotally pivotally mounted on the inside of the pontoon, and a shoe with a wedge-shaped surface onto which the bracket head is wound, and the stern mount consists of the upper and lower brackets mounted on the tank and mating sockets, made in the end part of the L-shaped expansion, the ship is equipped with an emergency suspension, which serves to prevent the pontoon from bouncing when the bow mount is destroyed.

2. The watercraft according to claim 1, characterized in that the emergency suspension consists of a rod with a hook pivotally mounted on the tank and a bump suspension pivotally pivoted with its upper end on the pontoon and made in such a way that its lower end boom hook

3. The boat according to claim 1, characterized in that a tunnel is made in the aft part of the pontoon to accommodate the propeller and stabilizer steering wheel.

4. The boat according to claim 1, characterized in that on the transom of each pontoon it is possible to install an outboard motor to ensure the movement of the tank with a boat without a working engine and to increase the speed of the tank, as well as to give the boat the ability to move through the water without a tank, and lashing fixtures for the feed inserts on the extensions of the side pontoons are executed with the possibility of securing the pontoons between the two to form a watercraft with the ability to move around the south without a tank.

5. The watercraft of claim. 1, characterized in that mounted on the deck yuntonov path for transporting mined anti gun and trolleys, on the aft deck of pontoon has eernoe guard with bulletproof shields mounted _^, • ryzgozaschitnymi curtains and exit doors for the landing, with at the same time, it is possible to place two removable anti-aircraft machine guns, MANPADS of the Igla type and ATGM of the Kornet type, as well as seats for landing, in the area of the feed stakes, there are slots for installation removable household or removable utility module with an elevation above the surface of the deck to ensure water flow.

6. A watercraft according to claim 5, characterized in that a collapsing mast is installed on the roof of the module to accommodate PJIC antennas, ^• / ev, signaling devices, etc.

7. The boat according to claim 1, characterized in that the connection [of the aluba to the outer side is rounded to reduce torsion formation.

8. The watercraft according to claim 1, characterized in that a gutter with a slope is provided in the stern of one of the pontoons to be pulled onto the [motor vehicle of a sea boat.

9. A watercraft under item 1, characterized in that in the pontoons under the deck fuel tanks are provided with a volume that provides the required cruising range.

10. The ship according to claim 1, characterized in that on the deck of the pontoons are provided platforms for launching missiles of the "Eagle" type.

11. A watercraft according to claim 1, characterized in that fastenings for installing removable toilets are provided on the transom of the pontoons.

12. The watercraft according to claim 1, characterized in that the wing for creating lifting force from the oncoming water flow and diverting it under the bow of the tank is installed between the pontoons in front of the tank with the possibility of fixing it on the inner sides of the pontoons in different positions in height and angle of attack,