WO2010084213A1 - Means, process and device for superficial treatment of surfaces of parts of gold or alloys thereof - Google Patents

Means, process and device for superficial treatment of surfaces of parts of gold or alloys thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010084213A1
WO2010084213A1 PCT/ES2009/000589 ES2009000589W WO2010084213A1 WO 2010084213 A1 WO2010084213 A1 WO 2010084213A1 ES 2009000589 W ES2009000589 W ES 2009000589W WO 2010084213 A1 WO2010084213 A1 WO 2010084213A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
gold
pieces
treated
alloys
bed
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Application number
PCT/ES2009/000589
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Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Eduardo Gracia Martinez
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Metal Finishing Development Sl
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Publication date
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Publication of WO2010084213A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010084213A1/en

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25F—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC REMOVAL OF MATERIALS FROM OBJECTS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25F3/00—Electrolytic etching or polishing
    • C25F3/02—Etching
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
    • B23H5/00—Combined machining
    • B23H5/06—Electrochemical machining combined with mechanical working, e.g. grinding or honing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
    • B23H5/00—Combined machining
    • B23H5/12—Working media
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K13/00—Etching, surface-brightening or pickling compositions
    • C09K13/04—Etching, surface-brightening or pickling compositions containing an inorganic acid
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K13/00—Etching, surface-brightening or pickling compositions
    • C09K13/04—Etching, surface-brightening or pickling compositions containing an inorganic acid
    • C09K13/06—Etching, surface-brightening or pickling compositions containing an inorganic acid with organic material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25F—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC REMOVAL OF MATERIALS FROM OBJECTS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25F3/00—Electrolytic etching or polishing
    • C25F3/16—Polishing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25F—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC REMOVAL OF MATERIALS FROM OBJECTS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25F7/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells for electrolytic removal of material from objects; Servicing or operating

Definitions

  • the present invention refers to a means for surface treatment (for example polishing and / or smoothing) of gold pieces or gold alloys, as well as a method and a device using said medium.
  • the electrolytic medium object of the invention is characterized by containing thiocyanate ion (SCN " ) in preferential conjunction with viscosity modifying substances.
  • SCN thiocyanate ion
  • Said anodic layer can have a thickness of the order of tenths of a millimeter and a high mechanical susceptibility.
  • the items to be smoothed are forced to perform an orbital movement as well as forward and reverse in order to produce friction with the chemically inert particles and in a highly homogeneous manner.
  • the magnitude of the physical alteration produced by each particle is, to a large extent, independent of the pressure exerted by said particle on the anodic layer and the underlying metal.
  • the type of movement of the articles to be smoothed in the bed and the speed at which it is made are especially suitable, in the device object of the Patent, to optimize the described phenomena and, thus, achieve a highly homogeneous smoothing and a minimum rounding of the angles, edges and other protruding parts that are part of the design of the article and that are of interest not to alter.
  • the electrolyte object of this patent allows, unlike other previously developed electrolytes, work by moving the pieces continuously within a bed of highly concentrated particles (in particles).
  • the present invention is characterized in that it comprises thiocyanic acid or a salt thereof, preferably the ammonium salt of thiocyanic acid (NH 4 SCN).
  • the medium will comprise between 5% and 30% by weight of the thiocyanic acid salt.
  • the medium may further comprise polyethylene glycol (HO (C 2 H 4 O) n H) in a percentage of between 20% and 50% by weight.
  • the process object of the present invention is a process of surface treatment of gold pieces and / or gold alloys by application of electric current between an anode and a cathode, the anode being the gold and / or gold alloy piece to be treated, and is characterized by disposing the medium of the present invention in a container embedding the interstitial spaces of a bed of chemically inert particles and of a size greater than 200 microns. The pieces to be treated remain during the process within said bed.
  • the pieces will be provided with an orbital movement.
  • the device object of the present invention consists of the device for the surface treatment of gold pieces or gold alloys by application of electric current between a anode and a cathode, the anode being the piece to be treated characterized in that it comprises: a container with a means according to the present invention, - a bed of inert particles and of size greater than 200 microns, in said medium, means for holding the pieces to be treated so that they are permanently inserted into the bed of particles.
  • device according to the present invention, characterized in that it comprises means for providing an orbital movement to the pieces to be treated. More preferably device, according to the present invention, characterized in that it comprises means for providing a forward and reverse movement in the axis perpendicular to the plane of the orbital movement to the parts to be treated.
  • the device object of this Patent only needs a container to house a bed of particles of 15 liters capacity and a total electrolyte content, in the same medium and in all other cavities and ducts of the device, 10 liters to simultaneously treat a minimum of 24 typical jewelry items (rings, earrings, pendants).
  • the container also contains the cathode or cathodes -11-, -12-.
  • Figure 1 is a front elevation view of a device according to the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a top elevational view of a part of the device according to the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a top plan view of a device according to the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a top plan view of the device, in another position of a movement.
  • the reduced volume of electrolyte provides, in addition to the advantages due to the capacity (lower weight, smaller dimensions and greater ease of location in the workshops) the advantage of containing a more limited amount of precious metals in suspension and solution, being important for Reduce the economic cost of the process.
  • the device object of the invention as regards the movement of the pieces, consists of one of several frames -21-, -22- to which the items immersed continuously in the middle are attached or hung.
  • Said frame or racks are joined parallel and at a certain distance from the axes of two toothed pulleys -23-, -24- that rotate synchronously and in the same plane producing an orbital movement of the frame or racks in the plane perpendicular to that of the axes of the pulleys. Therefore, the pulleys are attached to the frame or racks, by means of shafts -29-, -30- eccentric to the pulleys -23-, -24-.
  • the rotation of the pulleys is produced by a motor-reducer group -26- attached to one of them (driving pulley), connected to the second one (driven pulley) by means of a toothed belt -25- that ensures synchronism.
  • the set of racks, pulleys and motor-reducer group is connected to the chassis of the device by means of a sliding clamping plate.
  • a second motor-reducer group -27- fixedly attached to the chassis and by means of an eccentric and connecting rod system -28-, produces an alternative forward and reverse movement of the first motor-reducer group -26- and set in the plane perpendicular to the orbital movement produced by it.
  • a very important advantage and uniqueness of this process is that it allows to elaborate articles in which it is necessary to polish hidden parts of them, such as articles that have gemstones set and in which a high reflectivity of the back is very important to the stone to achieve maximum brightness.
  • Diameter of the orbits made by the device 70 mm.
  • Chemically inert particles used 3 mm polyolefin lenticular particles. Of diameter X 1,5 of thickness. Treatment time: Articles with cast iron finish: 40 min. at 10 V. + 5 min. at 3 V.

Abstract

Means, process and device for superficial treatment of surfaces of parts of gold or alloys thereof. Electrolytic means for electrochemical surface treatment of articles of gold and of gold alloys constituting the anode of a polishing process through application of an electric current. The means comprises thiocyanic acid (HSCN) or a salt thereof and preferably a substance increasing viscosity to a suitable level. Said means is disposed saturating the interstitial spaces of a bed of chemically inert particles in a device securing and making electrical connection to the articles of gold or gold alloys and additionally puts them in movement within the bed of particles.

Description

MEDIO, PROCEDIMIENTO Y DISPOSITIVO ENVIRONMENT, PROCEDURE AND DEVICE
PARA EL TRATAMIENTO SUPERFICIAL DEFOR THE SURFACE TREATMENT OF
SUPERFICIES DE PIEZAS DE ORO O SUS ALEACIONESGOLD PIECE SURFACES OR ITS ALLOYS
DESCRIPCIÓNDESCRIPTION
La presente invención hace referencia a un medio para el tratamiento superficial (por ejemplo pulido y/o alisado) de piezas de oro o de aleaciones de oro, asi como a un procedimiento y a un dispositivo que utiliza dicho medio.The present invention refers to a means for surface treatment (for example polishing and / or smoothing) of gold pieces or gold alloys, as well as a method and a device using said medium.
Son conocidos procedimientos para el pulido de determinados metales preciosos (en particular plata) que combinan una acción electroquímica con la acción mecánica de partículas en suspensión en un medio en movimiento relativo respecto a la pieza. Sin embargo, dichos procedimientos no son aplicables al oro y a sus aleaciones por una doble razón. En primer lugar, la composición química del medio no resulta ser compatible con el oro. En segundo lugar, debido a su naturaleza, los movimientos asociados de vaivén, no son adecuados para el correcto y completo tratamiento de las piezas de oro o de sus aleaciones en toda su superficie, ya que el medio necesario para el tratamiento del oro, objeto de esta patente, tiene una relativa alta viscosidad, por lo que son necesarios menos movimientos.Methods for polishing certain precious metals (in particular silver) that combine an electrochemical action with the mechanical action of suspended particles in a relative moving medium relative to the part are known. However, such procedures are not applicable to gold and its alloys for a double reason. First, the chemical composition of the medium does not turn out to be compatible with gold. Secondly, due to their nature, the reciprocating movements are not suitable for the correct and complete treatment of gold pieces or their alloys throughout their surface, since the necessary means for the treatment of gold, object of this patent, it has a relatively high viscosity, so fewer movements are necessary.
El medio electrolítico objeto de la invención se caracteriza por contener ion tiocianato (SCN") en preferente conjunción con sustancias modificadoras de la viscosidad. Los artículos a pulir sumergidos en un medio de partículas químicamente inertes embebido del medio electrolítico al paso de la corriente eléctrica y conectados al polo positivo, desarrollan una capa anódica con resistividad eléctrica superior a la del electrolito en su conjunto.The electrolytic medium object of the invention is characterized by containing thiocyanate ion (SCN " ) in preferential conjunction with viscosity modifying substances. The articles to be polished immersed in a medium of chemically inert particles embedded in the electrolytic medium as the electrical current passes and connected to the positive pole, they develop a layer anodic with electrical resistivity superior to that of the electrolyte as a whole.
Dicha capa anódica puede llegar a tener un grosor del orden de décimas de milímetro y una alta susceptibilidad mecánica.Said anodic layer can have a thickness of the order of tenths of a millimeter and a high mechanical susceptibility.
Los artículos a alisar, también según el proceso y el dispositivo objetos de la invención, son obligados a realizar un movimiento orbital a la vez que de avance y retroceso a fin de producir fricción con las partículas químicamente inertes y de forma altamente homogénea .The items to be smoothed, also according to the process and the device objects of the invention, are forced to perform an orbital movement as well as forward and reverse in order to produce friction with the chemically inert particles and in a highly homogeneous manner.
Dicha fricción altera la capa anódica que rodea los artículos a alisar de forma que, en régimen estacionario, las zonas más expuestas del relieve a alisar quedan menos aisladas eléctricamente que las zonas escondidas. Consecuentemente la acción electroerosiva predomina en las zonas más expuestas produciendo un alisado altamente eficiente.Such friction alters the anode layer that surrounds the items to be smoothed so that, in a steady state, the most exposed areas of the relief to be smoothed are less electrically isolated than the hidden areas. Consequently the electroerosive action predominates in the most exposed areas producing a highly efficient smoothing.
La relación entre la forma y tamaño de las partículas químicamente inertes y del relieve a alisar posibilita que el proceso actúe evitando erosionar partes en bajorrelieve que no interese modificar.The relationship between the shape and size of the chemically inert particles and the relief to be smoothed makes it possible for the process to work to avoid eroding parts in bas-relief that are not interested in modifying.
La alta eficiencia del proceso, es decir, la poca cantidad de metal extraído de más sobre el teóricamente necesario, se comprende claramente al tener en cuenta la poca energía necesaria para alterar físicamente la capa anódica y que, por el contrario, la relativa alta rigidez y dureza del metal subyacente hace que la energía necesaria para alterarlo físicamente sea muchos órdenes de magnitud superior.The high efficiency of the process, that is, the small amount of metal extracted from more than the theoretically necessary, is clearly understood by taking into account the little energy necessary to physically alter the anodic layer and, on the contrary, the relative high stiffness and hardness of the underlying metal makes the energy necessary to physically alter it to be many orders of magnitude greater.
En la práctica esto hace que las partículas químicamente inertes atraviesen con facilidad la capa anódica hasta llegar a contactar con la superficie metálica.In practice this causes chemically inert particles to easily cross the layer anodic until contacting the metal surface.
Por ello, la magnitud de la alteración física producida por cada partícula es, en gran medida, independiente de la presión ejercida por dicha partícula sobre la capa anódica y el metal subyacente.Therefore, the magnitude of the physical alteration produced by each particle is, to a large extent, independent of the pressure exerted by said particle on the anodic layer and the underlying metal.
Es importante recalcar que, en este proceso y de forma expresa, la presión ejercida por el entorno de partículas embebidas en electrolito contra la superficie de los artículos a nivelar es suficiente para asegurar que la mayoría de partículas inmediatamente adyacentes a la superficie de los artículos desarrollen aisladamente presión suficiente para atravesar completamente la capa anódica. También es importante tener en cuenta que, de forma simultánea y expresa, en este proceso la concentración de partículas químicamente inertes en el medio donde se realiza el alisado es casi la máxima posible. Es decir, que la cantidad de electrolito contenido en el lecho de partículas es poco más que la necesaria para llenar los espacios intersticiales de las partículas que contactan entre sí.It is important to emphasize that, in this process and expressly, the pressure exerted by the environment of electrolyte embedded particles against the surface of the items to be leveled is sufficient to ensure that the majority of particles immediately adjacent to the surface of the items develop Isolated enough pressure to completely traverse the anodic layer. It is also important to keep in mind that, simultaneously and expressly, in this process the concentration of chemically inert particles in the medium where the smoothing is performed is almost as high as possible. That is, the amount of electrolyte contained in the bed of particles is little more than is necessary to fill the interstitial spaces of the particles that contact each other.
El tipo de movimiento de los artículos a alisar en el seno del lecho y la velocidad a la que se efectúa están especialmente adecuados, en el dispositivo objeto de la Patente, para optimizar los fenómenos descritos y, de esta manera, conseguir un alisado altamente homogéneo y un redondeo mínimo de los ángulos, bordes y otras partes protuberantes que formen parte del diseño del artículo y que interese no alterar.The type of movement of the articles to be smoothed in the bed and the speed at which it is made are especially suitable, in the device object of the Patent, to optimize the described phenomena and, thus, achieve a highly homogeneous smoothing and a minimum rounding of the angles, edges and other protruding parts that are part of the design of the article and that are of interest not to alter.
El electrolito objeto de esta patente, permite, a diferencia de otros electrolitos anteriormente desarrollados, trabajar moviendo las piezas continuamente en el seno de un lecho de partículas altamente concentrado (en partículas) .The electrolyte object of this patent, allows, unlike other previously developed electrolytes, work by moving the pieces continuously within a bed of highly concentrated particles (in particles).
Esto redunda en ventajas de compacidad en relación a otros dispositivos anteriores desarrollados para el pulido de otros metales en los que se necesitaba forzosamente trabajar alternando el movimiento de los artículos dentro y fuera del lecho de partículas.This results in advantages of compactness in relation to other previous devices developed for the polishing of other metals in which it was necessary to work by alternating the movement of the articles inside and outside the bed of particles.
En particular, la presente invención se caracteriza porque comprende ácido tiociánico o una de sus sales, preferentemente la sal amónica del ácido tiociánico (NH4SCN) . Preferentemente, el medio comprenderá entre un 5% y un 30% en peso de la sal del ácido tiociánico. Para un mejor procedimiento, el medio podrá comprender además polietilenglicol (HO (C2H4O) nH) en un porcentaje de entre el 20% y el 50% en peso.In particular, the present invention is characterized in that it comprises thiocyanic acid or a salt thereof, preferably the ammonium salt of thiocyanic acid (NH 4 SCN). Preferably, the medium will comprise between 5% and 30% by weight of the thiocyanic acid salt. For a better process, the medium may further comprise polyethylene glycol (HO (C 2 H 4 O) n H) in a percentage of between 20% and 50% by weight.
El procedimiento objeto de la presente invención es un procedimiento de tratamiento superficial de piezas de oro y/o de aleaciones de oro por aplicación de corriente eléctrica entre un ánodo y un cátodo, siendo el ánodo la pieza de oro y/o de aleación de oro a tratar, y se caracteriza por disponer el medio de la presente invención en un recipiente embebiendo los espacios intersticiales de un lecho de partículas químicamente inertes y de un tamaño superior a 200 mieras. Las piezas a tratar permanecen durante el proceso dentro de dicho lecho.The process object of the present invention is a process of surface treatment of gold pieces and / or gold alloys by application of electric current between an anode and a cathode, the anode being the gold and / or gold alloy piece to be treated, and is characterized by disposing the medium of the present invention in a container embedding the interstitial spaces of a bed of chemically inert particles and of a size greater than 200 microns. The pieces to be treated remain during the process within said bed.
Preferentemente, se dotará a las piezas a tratar de un movimiento orbital.Preferably, the pieces will be provided with an orbital movement.
Más preferentemente, el dispositivo objeto de la presente invención consiste en el dispositivo para el tratamiento superficial de piezas de oro o de aleaciones de oro por aplicación de corriente eléctrica entre un ánodo y un cátodo, siendo el ánodo la pieza a tratar caracterizado porque comprende: un recipiente con un medio según la presente invención, - un lecho de partículas inertes y de tamaño superior a las 200 mieras, en dicho medio, medios de sujeción de las piezas a tratar de manera que estén permanentemente introducidas en el lecho de partículas . Preferentemente dispositivo, según la presente invención, caracterizado porque comprende medios para dotar de un-a- movimiento orbital a las piezas a tratar. Más preferentemente dispositivo, según la presente invención, caracterizado porque comprende medios para dotar de un movimiento de avance y retroceso en el eje perpendicular al plano del movimiento orbital a las piezas a tratar.More preferably, the device object of the present invention consists of the device for the surface treatment of gold pieces or gold alloys by application of electric current between a anode and a cathode, the anode being the piece to be treated characterized in that it comprises: a container with a means according to the present invention, - a bed of inert particles and of size greater than 200 microns, in said medium, means for holding the pieces to be treated so that they are permanently inserted into the bed of particles. Preferably device, according to the present invention, characterized in that it comprises means for providing an orbital movement to the pieces to be treated. More preferably device, according to the present invention, characterized in that it comprises means for providing a forward and reverse movement in the axis perpendicular to the plane of the orbital movement to the parts to be treated.
En este caso, el dispositivo objeto de esta Patente necesita solamente un recipiente para albergar un lecho de partículas de 15 litros de capacidad y un contenido total de electrolito, en el mismo medio y en todas las otras cavidades y conductos del dispositivo, de 10 litros para tratar simultáneamente un mínimo de 24 artículos típicos de joyería (sortijas, pendientes, colgantes) .In this case, the device object of this Patent only needs a container to house a bed of particles of 15 liters capacity and a total electrolyte content, in the same medium and in all other cavities and ducts of the device, 10 liters to simultaneously treat a minimum of 24 typical jewelry items (rings, earrings, pendants).
El recipiente contiene además el cátodo o cátodos -11-, -12-.The container also contains the cathode or cathodes -11-, -12-.
A continuación, se adjuntan para la mejor comprensión de la invención, unos dibujos representativos de un ejemplo preferente de realización de la misma. La figura 1 es una vista en alzado frontal de un dispositivo según la presente invención.Next, for the better understanding of the invention, representative drawings of a preferred embodiment thereof are attached. Figure 1 is a front elevation view of a device according to the present invention.
La figura 2 es una vista en alzado superior de una parte del dispositivo según la presente invención. La figura 3 es una vista en planta superior de un dispositivo según la presente invenciónFigure 2 is a top elevational view of a part of the device according to the present invention. Figure 3 is a top plan view of a device according to the present invention.
La figura 4 es una vista en planta superior del dispositivo, en otra posición de un movimiento.Figure 4 is a top plan view of the device, in another position of a movement.
El reducido volumen de electrolito proporciona, además de las ventajas debidas a la capacidad (menor peso, menores dimensiones y mayor facilidad de ubicación en los talleres) la ventaja de contener una cantidad más limitada de metales preciosos en suspensión y o solución, siendo ello importante para reducir el costo económico del proceso.The reduced volume of electrolyte provides, in addition to the advantages due to the capacity (lower weight, smaller dimensions and greater ease of location in the workshops) the advantage of containing a more limited amount of precious metals in suspension and solution, being important for Reduce the economic cost of the process.
El dispositivo objeto de la invención, en lo que atañe al movimiento de las piezas, consta de uno do varios bastidores -21-, -22- a los que se sujetan o cuelgan los artículos inmersos continuamente en el medio.The device object of the invention, as regards the movement of the pieces, consists of one of several frames -21-, -22- to which the items immersed continuously in the middle are attached or hung.
Dicho bastidor o bastidores están unidos paralelamente y a cierta distancia de los ejes de dos poleas dentadas -23-, -24- que rotan de forma sincrónica y en un mismo plano produciendo un movimiento orbital del bastidor o bastidores en el plano perpendicular al de los ejes de las poleas. Por ello, las poleas se unen al bastidor o bastidores, mediante ejes -29-, -30- excéntricos a las poleas -23-, -24-.Said frame or racks are joined parallel and at a certain distance from the axes of two toothed pulleys -23-, -24- that rotate synchronously and in the same plane producing an orbital movement of the frame or racks in the plane perpendicular to that of the axes of the pulleys. Therefore, the pulleys are attached to the frame or racks, by means of shafts -29-, -30- eccentric to the pulleys -23-, -24-.
La rotación de las poleas se produce mediante un grupo motor-reductor -26- unido a una de ellas (polea conductora) , unida a la segunda (polea conducida) mediante una correa dentada -25- que asegura el sincronismo . El conjunto de bastidores, poleas y grupo motor-reductor va unido al chasis del dispositivo mediante una placa de sujeción deslizante.The rotation of the pulleys is produced by a motor-reducer group -26- attached to one of them (driving pulley), connected to the second one (driven pulley) by means of a toothed belt -25- that ensures synchronism. The set of racks, pulleys and motor-reducer group is connected to the chassis of the device by means of a sliding clamping plate.
Un segundo grupo motor-reductor, -27- unido al chasis de forma fija y mediante un sistema de excéntrica y biela -28-, produce un movimiento alternativo de avance y retroceso del primer grupo motor-reductor -26- y conjunto en el plano perpendicular del movimiento orbital producido por este. Una ventaja y singularidad muy importante de este proceso es que permite elaborar artículos en los que es necesario lograr abrillantar partes escondidas de los mismos, como por ejemplo artículos que tienen piedras preciosas engastadas y en los que es muy importante una alta reflectividad de la parte posterior a la piedra para lograr sus máximo brillo.A second motor-reducer group, -27- fixedly attached to the chassis and by means of an eccentric and connecting rod system -28-, produces an alternative forward and reverse movement of the first motor-reducer group -26- and set in the plane perpendicular to the orbital movement produced by it. A very important advantage and uniqueness of this process is that it allows to elaborate articles in which it is necessary to polish hidden parts of them, such as articles that have gemstones set and in which a high reflectivity of the back is very important to the stone to achieve maximum brightness.
Si bien el proceso es altamente selectivo en cuanto al electroalisado de rugosidades superiores al micrón, o sea, que solo hay electroalisado donde llegan a friccionar las partículas químicamente inertes, esto no es óbice para que, simultáneamente se realice sobre toda la superficie del articulo un electropulido, no dependiente de la fricción con las partículas y suficiente para lograr el brillo deseado. La máquina del ejemplo se hace trabajar en las siguientes condiciones medio:Although the process is highly selective in terms of electroalisado of roughness greater than micron, that is, that there is only electroalisado where they reach friction chemically inert particles, this is not an obstacle so that, simultaneously it is performed on the entire surface of the article a electropolished, not dependent on friction with particles and sufficient to achieve the desired brightness. The machine in the example is operated in the following medium conditions:
Medio electrolítico para el electroalisado de artículos de joyería de oro amarillo de 18 Kilates. COMPOSICIÓN: Tiocianato amónico NH4SCH: 5-7% Polietilenglicol (PA: 6.000) : 20-50%Electrolytic medium for the electroalisado of 18K yellow gold jewelery items. COMPOSITION: Ammonium thiocyanate NH 4 SCH: 5-7% Polyethylene glycol (PA: 6,000): 20-50%
HO(C2H4O)nH Alcohol polivinilico: 7,5-9% CH2 HO (C 2 H 4 O) n H Polyvinyl alcohol: 7.5-9% CH 2
I CO HI CO H
I I o o I II I o o I I
CH CHCH CH
\ / \ / \ / CH2 CH2 CH2 Agua csp 100% (100 gr. Solución)\ / \ / \ / CH2 CH 2 CH 2 Water csp 100% (100 gr. Solution)
Solución final con un pH neutro: 7. Asimismo, las condiciones de trabajo para pulido de piezas de oro o de aleaciones de oro son:Final solution with a neutral pH: 7. Likewise, the working conditions for polishing gold pieces or gold alloys are:
Voltaje: 3 - 1OV. Temperatura: 20-400C.Voltage: 3 - 1OV. Temperature: 20-40 0 C.
Diámetro de las órbitas realizadas por el dispositivo: 70 milímetros.Diameter of the orbits made by the device: 70 mm.
Órbitas / minuto: 60Orbits / minute: 60
Recorrido lineal alternativo realizado por el dispositivo: 50 milímetros.Alternative linear travel performed by the device: 50 mm.
Períodos / minuto: 70.Periods / minute: 70.
Partículas químicamente inertes utilizadas: partículas lenticulares de poliolefina de 3 mm. De diámetro X 1,5 de grosor. Tiempo de tratamiento: Artículos con acabado de fundición: 40 min. a 10 V. + 5 min. a 3 V.Chemically inert particles used: 3 mm polyolefin lenticular particles. Of diameter X 1,5 of thickness. Treatment time: Articles with cast iron finish: 40 min. at 10 V. + 5 min. at 3 V.
Artículos con acabado esmerilado con papel de lija n° 320: 20 min. a 10 V. + 5 min. a 3 V.Articles with frosted finish with sandpaper n ° 320: 20 min. at 10 V. + 5 min. at 3 V.
Si bien la invención se ha descrito con respecto a ejemplos de realizaciones preferentes, éstos no se deben considerar limitativos de la invención, que se definirá por la interpretación más amplia de las siguientes reivindicaciones. While the invention has been described with respect to examples of preferred embodiments, these should not be construed as limiting the invention, which will be defined by the broader interpretation of the following claims.

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES
1. Medio electrolítico para el tratamiento superficial de piezas de oro o de aleaciones de oro, caracterizado porque comprende ácido tiociánico (HSCN) o una sal del mismo.1. Electrolytic medium for surface treatment of gold pieces or gold alloys, characterized in that it comprises thiocyanic acid (HSCN) or a salt thereof.
2. Medio electrolítico, según la reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque comprende la sal amónica del ácido tiociánico: NH4 SCN.2. Electrolytic medium according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises the ammonium salt of thiocyanic acid: NH 4 SCN.
3. Medio electrolítico, según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 ó 2, caracterizado porque el porcentaje en peso de sal del ácido tiociánico está comprendido entre 5% y 30%.3. Electrolytic medium according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the weight percentage of salt of thiocyanic acid is between 5% and 30%.
4. Medio electrolítico, según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque además contiene polietilenglicol en un porcentaje en peso comprendido entre 20% y 50%.4. Electrolytic medium according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it also contains polyethylene glycol in a weight percentage between 20% and 50%.
5. Uso del medio electrolítico, según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 4 anteriores, en un procedimiento de tratamiento superficial de piezas de oro o por aplicación de corriente eléctrica.5. Use of the electrolytic medium, according to any of the preceding claims 1 to 4, in a process of surface treatment of gold pieces or by application of electric current.
6. Procedimiento de tratamiento superficial de piezas de oro o de aleaciones de oro por aplicación de corriente eléctrica entre un ánodo y un cátodo, siendo el ánodo la pieza de oro o de aleación de oro a tratar, caracterizado por disponerse un medio electrolítico, según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 5, en un recipiente embebiendo los espacios intersticiales de un lecho de partículas químicamente inertes y de tamaño superior a las 200 mieras contenido en él.6. Procedure for surface treatment of gold pieces or gold alloys by application of electric current between an anode and a cathode, the anode being the piece of gold or gold alloy to be treated, characterized by having an electrolytic medium, according to any one of claims 1 to 5, in a container embedding the interstitial spaces of a bed of chemically inert particles and of size greater than 200 microns contained therein.
7. Procedimiento, según la reivindicación 6, caracterizado porque comprende una fase de dotar a las piezas a tratar de un movimiento orbital. 7. Method according to claim 6, characterized in that it comprises a phase of providing the pieces to be treated with an orbital movement.
8. Procedimiento, según la reivindicación 7, caracterizado porque comprende una fase de dotar a las piezas a tratar de un movimiento de avance y retroceso en el eje perpendicular al plano del movimiento orbital. Method according to claim 7, characterized in that it comprises a phase of providing the pieces to be treated with a forward and reverse movement in the axis perpendicular to the plane of the orbital movement.
9. Dispositivo para el tratamiento superficial de piezas de oro o de aleaciones de oro por aplicación de corriente eléctrica entre un ánodo y un cátodo, siendo el ánodo la pieza a tratar caracterizado porque comprende : - un recipiente con un medio según una de las reivindicaciones 1 a 5, un lecho de partículas inertes y de tamaño superior a las 200 mieras, en dicho medio, medios de sujeción de las piezas a tratar de manera que estén permanentemente introducidas en el lecho de partículas.9. Device for the surface treatment of gold pieces or gold alloys by application of electric current between an anode and a cathode, the anode being the piece to be treated characterized in that it comprises: - a container with a means according to one of the claims 1 to 5, a bed of inert particles and of size greater than 200 microns, in said means, means for holding the pieces to be treated so that they are permanently inserted in the bed of particles.
10. Dispositivo, según la reivindicación 9, caracterizado porque comprende medios para dotar de una movimiento orbital a las piezas a tratar. 10. Device according to claim 9, characterized in that it comprises means for providing the pieces to be treated with an orbital movement.
11. Dispositivo, según la reivindicación 10, caracterizado porque comprende medios para dotar de un movimiento de avance y retroceso en el eje perpendicular al plano del movimiento orbital a las piezas a tratar. Device according to claim 10, characterized in that it comprises means for providing a forward and reverse movement in the axis perpendicular to the plane of the orbital movement to the pieces to be treated.
PCT/ES2009/000589 2009-01-26 2009-01-26 Means, process and device for superficial treatment of surfaces of parts of gold or alloys thereof WO2010084213A1 (en)

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