WO2010080074A1

WO2010080074A1 - Mechanical advantage

Info

Publication number: WO2010080074A1
Application number: PCT/TH2010/000001
Authority: WO
Inventors: Surasit Suvannarat
Original assignee: Surasit Suvannarat
Priority date: 2009-01-12
Filing date: 2010-01-12
Publication date: 2010-07-15

Abstract

Mechanical Advantage is an invention transforming the gravity force which is available everywhere in the world into energy with a process using the generated bending moment margin to start and drive itself non-stop.

Description

Title of the Invention MECHANICAL ADVANTAGE

Mechanical Advantage is an innovative machine having self-driving mechanism with its structure designed to be like a large weight - balance having weight tank each side to move up and down vertically for load balance. The weight tanks are for 2 units, one to contain load and move up whereas another to move down enabling the action to take place alternatingly during operation. At the machine's base there is a large wheel to transfer tank load with wire rope. The wheel's axial shaft is connected to gears, motor and water pump. At the machine's upper side and base there are compartments to accommodate the load to use for operation. The purpose of Mechanical Advantage is its utilization.

Field of the Invention

The mechanical engineering for the part in connection with balance - physics.

Background

As widely known, the world has been moving closer and closer to the global warming situation from the one major cause i.e. the fossil fuels such as petrol, coal and gas etc. have been being used without discreet and control. The fuels when combusted will release the greenhouse gases which float upward and in turn cover the world's atmosphere subsequently. As consequence, the atmospheric heat current can not be ventilated as ever causing the world's temperature to be higher, the world's climate to change and other numerous effects to follow eventually. Conferences, seminars etc. have been being held in many countries to develop counter-measures focusing on reducing the fossil fuels use and resort to other alternative energies which release less greenhouse gases or support the use of renewable energies such as hydro energy, wind energy solar energy or the newly-found wave energy. AU the said alternative energies are readily in nature waiting for human to be able to utilize them for benefit but seem to be somewhat forgotten and not mentioned of sufficiently. Truly they are around us, in other form and not less useful. To this invention this form of energy has been successfully applied for use against the world energy crisis situation. It is the gravity energy.

Three years ago in 2005 the author perceived the news and information on global warming for almost everyday. Issues of the energy problem being talked of more-and-more and the serious danger forming-up and up to substantiate one day not far away motivated the author strikingly to wish to share a problem-solving effort with the world community. Over some experience, the author at the time adopted an assumption that "...there should be some system or mechanism which is self-driving ...causing no pollution...and not using external fuel/energy". To the assumption, the natural energies other than the wind, hydro and solar energies being used at present would not be sufficient for their constraints. There might be millions of people around the world that had the same or alike assumption, even though so much not likely since throughout the past century despite dramatic progress in every field no inventions with the said assumption were found. Taking up the assumption the author tried to think, collected information and data, suspended thinking for subsequent refined rethinking and went deeper and deeper to find an approach finally that in physics by nature every thing attempts to keep balance i.e. to be at rest or without movement. At balance state there will be no force, no work or no movement, for example water stops flowing, wind stops blowing - that is the balance, a motor car stops running — that is a balance etc. Whereas, in real situation to produce work a movement is needed - for example a motor is made to run, water is made to flow from upper to lower place etc. Movement is the unbalance and unbalance produces work (the author's concept). The approach led to an early assumption that "A system to be operating must be designed to be in unbalanced condition." In physics there is a theory that at a state of balance the equation xr = yr will apply (y and x are weights of objects and are equal and r and r are the distances from the objects to fulcrum and are equal). Were the equation and symbols developed hundred years ago telling meanings or hiding some secrets? The author at the moment had an idea that if possible a side of the equation could be manipulated to unbalance state. There were 4 symbols (x, y) and (r, r) and which should be manipulated to correspond with the assumption most? That would be an experiment and was concluded at the while that some chain link was missing making the question to be not replied yet and, eventually a waiting time was required. Until mid 2007 the author by chance watched a feature film which seemed having nothing relevant to the assumption but as the series continued from one shot to another suddenly! I felt like become understanding the meaning of the equation. It was like telling something being waited ...being relevant with the thing I was thinking...1 was going to do having significance and must be started and continued. The author from then combined the issues and reviewed information and data to obtain the following conclusion from understanding.

From the equation xr = yr, its meaning, manipulating from balance to unbalance for work and enabling the unbalance to continue were concluded as follows: " x can be manipulated into y and vice versa. If one is manipulated the other will be lessened or become zero immediately." Importantly, what did the x to y and y to x manipulation mean? What did the x and y values represent? What did the x to y and y to x weight transformation mean? Weight! ... what would be the weights that could be transformed?

The weight or its, mass must have a texture which was transformable for shape, being as small grains/particles or liquid to be transferable e.g. from left to right or right to left etc. with a process/procedure to have the other side to be lessened or become zero to create load gradient to use as energy source. With the mechanism the system would generate a mechanical advantage all time and to ensure continuity at least 2 units would be required. That would be same with the motor car engine in which a piston when reached topmost then started to come down whilst another piston was going up to replace on turn enabling a continuous power generation.

In conclusion, that was an energy renewability discovery. An energy after used would be regenerated again and again by passing less energy to Mechanical Advantage to produce greater energy as feedback. Most important, the energy produced by Mechanical Advantage was clean, available non - stop, not causing pollution and environmentally - friendly being necessary for world at present. Detail of the Mechanical Advantage's system will be described for theory and practice further in this report.

Full Description of the Invention

The description hereunder includes 2 parts - the theoretical part which is with the Figure 1-4, does not involve the invention directly but is needed for clear understanding of the system's viability and the practical part which is a full description of the invention and with the Figure 5-14.

Figure 1 - Shows a lever which is Mechanical Advantage's basic, origin and viability. The figure is composed of the sub-figures A, B, C and D in which the x and y masses are equal = 1,000 kg. or 10,000 Newton. M is the moment fulcrum having rj, ^, Ti, r₄ and x$ distances from x and y respectively with the values T\ = 1.5 m_s r₂ = 1.5 m., r₃ = 2 m., r₄ = 3.5 m. and rs - 4.5 m. From the sub-figures left to right the r distance increases progressively and if substitutes numerical values to the end left and right sub — figures A and D

Sub - figure A, the balance equation xr = yr Substitution 10,000 xl.5 = 10,000 x 1.5 Newton-m.

15,000 = 15,000 Newton-m.

For the same value, the condition is a balance.

Substitution to sub -figure D 10,000 x 1.5 < 10,000 x4.5 Newton-m. 15,000 < 45,000 Newton-m. For the inequality an unbalance takes place ready to generate work (gradient = 30,000 Newton - m.).The next step is to find a method to utilize the 30,000 Newton - m. gradient continuingly as to describe further.

Conclusion Fig.l shows the weights x and y are equal with the distance r being also equal. The condition is a balance producing no work or no movement. Whereas, the distance r at a side if increases the bending moment at M will increase accordingly causing unbalance.

Similarly a weight if is greater will move down causing a bending moment difference at point M and mechanical advantage force/work will be produced.

Fig.2 Is consisted of 2 sub-figures, E and F. Sub-fig. E shows the mechanical advantage fundamental whilst Sub-fig F shows a lever balance or in overall the sub-figures tell fundamentally the lever balance principle is used to achieve a mechanical advantage. Common balances deal only for weight but Mechanical Advantage will deal more by transforming potential energy into dynamic energy to utilize further. An application / integration, eventually, is needed for an appropriate methodology or technique. Conceptually to ensure potential energy will be utilized the Mechanical Advantage size and its movement timing must be appropriate.

The movement direction should be vertical, upward to space / downward to underground whichsoever. The moving should be freely from top to bottom position by gravity force.

Naturally when a movement cycle is complete it then will stop, the next step is to think how to make it continue for the system to operate continuously.

Fig.3 To present 1.What is the initiative energy? And 2. What is the braking set?

The presentation will start with demonstrating the machine's operation principle which includes the balance equation and its manipulation as said earlier.

To review, to produce work the balance must be manipulated into unbalance by interchanging the x/y values. As a value changes if the other decreases or becomes zero unbalance condition will take place continuously as the result. The x/y are masses and for

Mechanical Advantage at the moment they are water which is a material available everywhere and has appropriate property.

In this stage, Mechanical Advantage's operation will be described briefly to demonstrate its image in overall. At start an external energy will be input to trigger the operation. After foil operation is reached the machine will motivate itself automatically. One unit in Mechanical Advantage operates 1 subcycle then next unit for the next subcycle i.e. 1, 2, 3, 4 until return to 1 again completing 1 cycle. The Mechanical Advantage in the Figure is the power source used for power generator.

Mechanical Advantage's operation starts from pumping water (with external pump) to the storage tank at Base 6 for a quantity sufficient for the system. The machine is then switched on. The sensor 3 at water tank 4's upper side when detects the tank 4 is empty will trigger an electricity supply to pump 2 to suction water from Base 6 storage tank to tank 4 at machine's upper side until the prescribed level is reached. The water in tank 4 will be like an energy storage ready to supply to system for operation. Quantity of the electricity used for this water pumping will be called " initiative energy" hereinafter. At the time the x weight is at top position whereas y weight is at bottom position actuating the sensor 13 to open the valve 7 at x weight tank 's upper side to deliver water from storage tank to x weight tank with gravity until the prescribed level is reached. At the while the y weight tank will be at bottom position same with at start.

The x weight tank after containing water the control set will release the lever lock at its base to allow the tank to move downward by gravity. As the tank moves downward the load incurred will be transferred via the wire rope 16 which connects and winds around the large wheel 17 at

Mechanical Advantage base causing the wheel to rotate in the direction 18. The load incurred from wheel rotation will be transferred via the sprocket chain at the wheel's axial shaft end then to gears, power generator and water pump respectively. The gears, power generator and water pump set will be called "braking set Z" hereinafter for the reason that it acts like impedance against the tank movement or in other word like the balance lever to set equilibrium between 2 sides, x/y weight one side and the braking set the other side as shown in the sub-figure H.

As the power generator rotates until its operating speed is reached electricity then will be produced, pass regulator and supplied to use. A portion will be supplied back to system Le. the pump motor and sensors (called "initiative energy"). As x weight tank moves down the empty y weight tank will move up by the pulling force in the wire rope 16 also. When x weight tank reaches bottom the y weight tank will reach top at same time. Both tanks have lever valves at bottom to transfer water in/out - when x tank transfer out fully y tank will be transferred in fully for same — and controlled with sensor which will stop when the water volume reaches the value set (1-2 minutes of transfer) as one cycle. As, say, the first x/y tank pair stops the second pair will continue immediately. Every tank pair has a same physical feature, only the operation timing will differ for matching and operational continuity.

Fig. 3 In summary the figure indicates by principle Mechanical Advantage's operation is the balancing efforts between the x/y tank set and the braking set Z as per the sub -figure H. Note that the braking set Z includes the initiative energy.

Braking set - Is the set of the equipment having their dynamics in the direction opposite to the x/y weight's. Initiative energy Is the energy consumed by 1 (one) operation cycle. The initiative energy includes the energy supplied to sensors and valves and the energy for pumping water from machine base to the storage tank upper side. The pumping energy is the substantial part since if pumping is less than required the x/y weight will become less and less and insufficient causing the operation to stop finally. Eventually the pumping volume and size of the pump must correspond with each other. An Mechanical Advantage having its components matching with each other besides reflects a technical state of art its performance can be improved also as shown in Fig.4.

Fig.4 To demonstrate

1. The machine's operation is self-driving and continuous w/o using external energy. 2. The 4 major operation parameters i.e. weight, height, braking set and wheel size which the machine's performance will depend on. The parameters are for 2 types - constant and variable. According to Fig.4 the constant parameters are the weights x/y, height t (water supply height), and braking set Z including the initiative energy for pumping water to storage tank at start and the variable parameter is the wheel size.

Detail Fig.4 includes 4 sub-figures A, B, C and D to compare differences. Before to proceed, a detail of the parameter meanings and their relationships is provided as follows:

1. Weight x or y X or y means Mechanical Advantage has only 2 weights to trigger operation and while operation is running only x or y tank will have water contained inside whilst the other will be empty. Such will be alternating and continuous as a tank

when having been upper side will be filled with water( Le. the cycle volume which corresponds with pump size and the designed bending moment) whilst the other tank when having been at bottom water will be have been transferred out completely enabling non-stop energy regeneration. The weight movement will be controlled to be slow and correspond with the water transfer rate (like a tightened spring roll to unwind slowly). To a question whether the bending moment can be increased by increasing the water volume or not? The reply is if the water volume exceeds normal (normal here means the appropriate volume to enable the system to operate conveniently at full capacity like a balanced weight lever. Herein, balance does not mean equal weight each side but a weight to render appropriate bending moment at the lever end). Increasing weight or water volume will increase the braking set to which the pump is included accordingly and would require a higher energy input.

2. Height Is the distance the weights moving up and down and pump to suction water to the tank upper side each operation cycle. The greater the height is the better the system performance will be but a concern for the water pump operation must be taken. The height and pump size must correspond with each other eventually with a same pump if height increases the pumping rate will decrease causing imbalance and to balance the pump size must be increased. Conclusively, increasing height will cause increasing of the variable part of the braking set parameter accordingly.

3. Braking set Is the group of equipment having its force/energy in the direction counter-balance with x/y weights generating the energy for use. The generated mechanical energy then will be transformed into electrical energy with a set of device comprising sprocket and reduction gears. The braking set also includes the initiative energy for water pumping and the sensors electricity supply. Braking set is a constant parameter i.e. all the sub-figures A, B, C and D are constant and its initiative energy does not increase because the height is constant being the key indicator of the system performance. 4. Large wheel radius-r Is the most important parameter because in the sub-figures A, B, C and D r is the only parameter which if increases the initiative energy will still be constant causing no effects to water volume, height and pump which is the key energy source for operation. Instead, as r increases the x/y tank bending moment will increase accordingly to suffice the energy to activate the braking set which in turn will generate more energy for self- driving and non-stop operating.

Conclusively the 4 sub-figures A, B, C and D are the same machine and the weights x/y, height t and braking set Z are the constant parameters. The only parameter which varies is r. As r is increasing from left to right in the figures the effect will be as follows. In Fig.2 the mechanical advantage comes from the effort to balance between x/y one side and braking set Z the other side (like a weight balance). To a weight balance, any action can be performed - putting weight to left dish more than right dish or vice versa / adjust the unequal two dishes to be equal / making a 20 kg. to be heavier than 100 kg. etc. Same with Mechanical Advantage's operation, less energy is to be put into its system to generate more energy. In conclusion, loads at both sides can be set any to achieve mechanical advantage. A system if the weights or moments at both sides are equal it will stand still i.e. being not working or at x/y side the bending moment is less than the bending moment at braking set Z side, pulling the braking set to move will not be possible also. Consequently the machine can start operating only when magnitude of the bending moment at x/y side is greater than the magnitude at braking set Z side and while normally operating (continuously operating with a

satisfactory performance) the x/y side bending moment is equal/ greater than braking side the operation will be at full capacity. To increase the x/y side bending moment non-stop the r- increase method is selected since it will cause no negative effects to system.

To basically simulate and analyze Mechanical Advantage the sub-figures A, B, C and D are supposed to be as follows:

The machine to construct is one to generate 50 KW electricity with 14,600 Newton-m. balancing bending moment and 17,000 Newton-m. operating bending moment. (i.e. at x/y when bending moment is > 14,000 Newton-m. the braking set will start to move.)

Knowing the machine's components will enable the cost estimation. However the exact cost will require much more detail. Before knowing the components the bending moment required must be known first to determine the water volume, pump size, machine height and the wheel radius r. As supposed, the 17,000 Newton-m. bending moment will require approx. 1,000 liter water or a 10,000 Newton weight to determine 2"x 2 KW pump x 2 units for next. A pump of this size supplies 300-500 liter/minute water x 25 m. head (data from market survey) eventually the initiative energy should not exceed 6-7 KW totally. The cycle time should be 3-5 minutes for the water supply by two pumps will be 600 — 1,000 liter a minute and if 3 minutes will be 1,800 - 3,000 liter which covers the required range. All the values mentioned are constant whereas the variable value is r (see the 4 sub-figures) which is designated as follows — Ti = 1 m, r₂ = 1.5 m and ft = 2 m.

Substituting the numerical values in sub-figure A, The balance equation xr = yr Newton-m.

The mechanical advantage equation (x/y)r > Braking energy

11,000 x 1 < 17,000 Newton-m. 10,000 < 17,000 Newton-m.

Since x/y bending moment is much less than the braking energy, the system operation is not likely to be possible.

Substituting the numerical values in sub-figure B,

10,000 x 1.5 ≠ 14,900 Newton-m. 15,000 > 14,900 Newton-m. The x/y start bending moment is slightly more than the balance bending moment showing that the operation is going to start. However since the difference is slight the bending set rotation speed is slow and unable to generate electricity. To improve, the x/y bending moment must be increased.

Substituting the numerical values in sub-figure C,

10,000 x 1.7 = 17,000 Newton-m. 17,000 = 17,000 Newton-m.

The x/y and braking bending moments are equal showing Mechanical Advantage is generating electricity at its full capacity sufficient to supply and circulate in system including able to be used as purposed.

Substituting the numerical values in sub-figure D,

10,000 x.2 ≠ 17,000 Newton-m. 20,000 > 17,000 Newton-m.

The x/y bending moment is greater than braking energy showing Mechanical Advantage is operating much higher than required for braking. That means the power generator capacity can be increased from the designed 50 KW to 60 or 70 KW. The numerical value substitution and analysis above demonstrate the 4 parameters can be managed to interoperate well with each other for the machine's high performance.

Conclusively, the sub-figures A, B, C and D show how to evaluate the x/y side bending moment and adjust it to the magnitude required. While the braking set Z's initiative energy is constant if the parameter r is increased in a way causing the initiative energy to be needed to increase the whole system will fail to achieve as designed and the operation will not be continuous. However for Mechanical Advantage it has been demonstrated r increase delivers no effects to increase / decrease the initiative energy while helps maximizing and regulating x/y bending moment to be steady all the time. That is because the r line is at right angle with x/y line and M always.

In conclusion, with Mechanical Advantage's operation a continuous mechanical advantage will be achieved. The system is of a self-driving nature and generates useful bending moment at axial end.

Fig.5 To demonstrate the invention in detail. From Fig.5-14 the labeling numbers will have no relationship with the Fig. 1-4 and are the lcm. / I m. scale as-built drawings to show Mechanical Advantage's construction and components which are as follows:

1. Is the left weight tank. Its function is to contain water to create pulling force. It moves up and down in the running channel 17.

2. Is the right weight tank. Its function is to contain water and support the water load to create pulling force. It moves up and down in the running channel 17.

3. Is the machine base. Its inside is used as the storage tank for the water operating in the system. 4. Is the machine's structure. Its function is to fix and support the system components.

5. Is the right water storage tank at the machine upper side. It is connected with the left water storage tank 6 at the machine upper side with the pipe 7. Its function is to storage the water pumped from the water storage tank at the machine base 3 to supply to the right weight tank 2 further. 6. Is the left water storage tank at the machine upper side. It is connected with the right water storage tank 5 at the machine upper side with the pipe 7. Its function is to storage the water pumped from the water storage tank at the machine base 3 to supply to the left weight tank 1 further.

7. Is the pipe connecting between the tanks 5 & 6 to supply water from the tank 5 to the tank 6 for volume balance.

8. Is the pipe to supply water from the machine base 3 storage tank with the pump 13 to the water tank 5. 9. Is the water level sensor for the tanks 5 & 6. Its function is to maintain the water level to be as set by switching on / off the water pump 13 at machine base.

10. Is the wire rope. Its function is to transfer load between the x/y tank and the large wheel 31.

11. Is the wire rope pulley. Its function is to co-transfer the wire rope load and accommodate wire rope to reduce friction during the wire rope is moving. 12. Is the braking set comprising the sprocket 39, reduction gears, power generator and water pump 13 together with control sensors.

13. Is the water pump which is a component of the braking set. The pump is controlled by the sensor 9 to supply water to the tank 5 when required.

14. Is the large wheel's center / axial shaft. It functions as fulcrum of the bending moment between the opposite x/y tank and braking set loads.

15. Is the weight sensor. Its function is to trigger the opening / closure of the water valve 32 at bottom of the weight tank 1. The sensor will trigger the valve to close/open when tank 1 reaches bottom position and will trigger the lever lock 24 to lock the weight tank 2 when it reaches top position. 16. Is another weight sensor. Its function is to trigger the opening / closure of the water valve 33 at bottom of the weight tank 2. The sensor will trigger the valve to close/open when tank 2 reaches bottom position and will trigger the lever lock 25 to lock the weight tank 1 when it reaches top position.

17. Is the weight tank movement channel. The channel helps alignment of the tank up/down movement.

18. Is the weight tanks' up movement direction.

19. Is the weight tanks' down movement direction.

20. Is the weight tank movement checking sensor. When a weight tank moves close to bottom position passing the sensor it will trigger the brake 40 at gear's end to operate to deter the strong pulling force and back hit at weight tank and the operating system. It also functions to control the weight tank set 2's start timing to continue from the weight tank set lfor non-stop operation. 21. Is the machine base water storage tank sensor. The water level in the tank will be set at a value however it may deviate due to evaporation. When the level subdues the sensor will trigger the pump 44 to replenish to ensure the volume is sufficient for operation always.

22. Is the valve at bottom of the water storage tank 6. It is triggered by the water level sensor 29 at the weight tank 1.

23. Is the valve at bottom of the water storage tank 5. It is triggered by the water level sensor 30 at the weight tank 2.

24. Is the weight tank 2 lever lock. When the weight tank 2 reaches top position and, in turn, the weight tank 1 reaches bottom position pressing on the sensor 15 the sensor will trigger the lever lock to lock the weight tank 2 to be at top position and at the same time the system will connect to open the valve 23. 25. Is the weight tank 1 lever lock. When the weight tank 1 reaches top position and, in turn, the weight tank 2 reaches bottom position pressing on the sensor 16 the sensor will trigger the lever lock to lock the weight tank 1 to be at top position and at the same time the system will connect to open the valve 22.

26. Is the wire rope support. With the support wire rope will not vibrate and fall out from route.

27. Is the large wheel's clockwise rotation.

28. Is the large wheel's anti clockwise rotation.

29. Is the weight tank 1 water level sensor. When water in the tank reaches the set level the sensor will trigger to close the valve 22. Its function is to trigger for the valve 22 closure only.

30. Is the weight tank 2 water level sensor. When water in the tank reaches the set level the sensor will trigger to close the valve 23. Its function is to trigger for the valve 23 closure only.

31. Is the large wheel. Its function is to transfer tension load in the wire rope 10 to the braking set 12.

32. Is the water valve at the weight tank 1 bottom. It is to be triggered by the sensor 15 to open when the tank reaches bottom position pressing on the sensor. When the tank moves up releasing the sensor the valve will be triggered to close again. 33. Is the water valve at the weight tank 2 bottom. It is to be triggered by the sensor 16 to open when the tank reaches bottom position pressing on the sensor. When the tank moves up releasing the sensor the valve will be triggered to close again.

34. Is the water filling opening at the weight tank 2's upper side.

35. Is the water filling opening at the weight tank l's upper side.

36. Are the rollers for the weight tanks to move up/down. 37. Is the opening to transfer water from weight tank 1 to the water storage tank at the machine base 3.

38. Is the opening to transfer water from weight tank 2 to the water storage tank at the machine base 3.

39. Is the sprocket to transfer load from the large wheel to reduction gears. 40. Is the brake to be triggered by the sensor 20 to deter the system's speed to avoid damage from strong pulling force and back hit.

41. Is the Mechanical Advantage set 1.

42. Is the Mechanical Advantage set 2.

43. Is the shaft bearing. 44. Is the water pump to be triggered by the sensor 21 to suction external water to the water storage tank at the machine base 3

Fig.6 To demonstrate the machine's operation. Normally the operation will be in sequential stages i.e. from stage 1, 2, 3 and 4 to complete as one cycle then start again non-stop. In the Figure at stage 1 an external energy is required for start. At beginning the sensor 21 detects no water in the tank 3 eventually will trigger the pump 44 to suction water to the storage tank at the machine base 3 until the volume is as set. Next, the sensor 9 at the tank 5's upper side when detects no water will trigger the pump 13 (a component of the braking set) to suction water from machine base storage tank to the tanks 5& 6 upper side. The pipe 7 connects between the tanks 5 & 6 to level their water volumes always. As the tanks are replenished the pump 13 will be switched offending the stage 1. The water in the tanks 5 & 6 will serve as the energy for the next stage. Fig. 7 To demonstrate the machine's operation stage 2. In this stage the weight tank 2 will be moved to top position and the weight tank 1 moved to bottom in reverse. At the stance the weight tank 1 will press on the sensor 15 to trigger the lever lock to lock the weight tank 2 to the top position, whilst, the sensor 30 will be system - connected and if detects no water in weight tank 2 will trigger the valve 23 to open for the water in the storage tank 5 to flow to the weight tank 2 until the volume reaches as set the sensor then will trigger to close the valve ending the stage 2.

Fig.8 To demonstrate the machine's operation stage 3. The operation just begins generating no sufficient electricity for self-operating. The sensor 20 at the adjacent Mechanical Advantage set 2 will trigger the lever lock 24 to unlock the weight tank 2 first. As the weight tank 2 moves down load will be transferred via the wire rope 10 to the large wheel 31 rotating it in the direction 27. The wheel's rotation will generate bending moment which will be transmitted via the sprocket 39 at the axial shaft end to the braking set 12 driving it to rotate. As consequence the incorporated power generator's operation will start producing electricity which will pass through the regulator first then supplied to use further. A portion of the electricity produced will be supplied back to pumps and sensors for system's self-driving. The self-driving mechanism starts with the sensor 9's detecting the water level in the tanks 5 & 6 is lower than set since a portion has just been transferred to the weight tank 2. The sensor then will trigger an electricity supply to pump 13 to suction water from machine base storage tank to the upper side tank 5. From tank 5 the contained water will flow through the connecting pipe 7 to the tank 6 maintaining the water levels in the tanks to be same always. The two weight tanks' movement time from top to bottom position is approximately 4-5 minutes and during the time pump must have delivered water to the tanks 5 & 6 for the volume set readily prior the weight tank 2 reaches bottom position. Otherwise, volume of the water in the next weight tank sets will be decreasing until the operation stops itself ending the non-stop mode. (Eventually the start set planning, calculation and design will be the utmost importance i.e. how much the required voltage to generate from system must be known to be able to specify the system components to interoperate efficiently, for example - the circulating water volume, sizes of the water pumps, the machine's height, the braking set speed, size of the power generator etc. Every component is important and can be specified for its appropriate value. It is like manipulating weights at 2 sides of a lever balance - how much for the right and left sides as we want? For the machine the value of r if appropriate will help increase the x/y bending moment eventually the system driving energy enabling a higher braking set's performance as described in Fig. 4.)

As the loaded weight tank 2 moves down the unloaded weight tank lwill move up with the wire rope 10 which winds around and connects to the edge of the large wheel 31 also. When the weight tank 2 reaches bottom position, the weight tank 1 will reach top position correspondingly however just prior reaching bottom position the weight tank 2 will pass the sensor 20 triggering the brake 40 to operate deterring the system speed to reduce the strong pulling force and at the same time triggering release of the weight tank set 2 lever lock to continue operation. As the weight tank set 2 starts the weight tank set 1 will stop temporarily to transfer water from tank 2 to tank 1 using an approximately 1-2 minutes time.

Fig.9 To demonstrate the machine's operation stage 4. In this stage the weight tank 2 has just reached bottom position pressing on the weight sensor 16 which functions to trigger the valve 33 to open to transfer water from the weight tank 2 to the machine base water storage tank until empty. At the same time the sensor will also trigger the lever lock 25 to lock the weight tank 1 to top position. After triggers the sensor will connect with the sensor 29 to trigger it to detect water in the weight tank 1. If detects no water the sensor will trigger the valve 22 to open to transfer water from the upper side tank 6 to the weight tank 1 to have full load ready for operation next cycle. At the moment the weight tanks set 1 will stop waiting the weight tanks set 2 to move down to press on its sensor 20 to unlock the lever lock 25 for the weight tanks set l's operation to repeat.

Above mentioned is the machine's 1 operating cycle. As a cycle is complete the weight tanks set will stop for water replenishment whilst the next weight tanks set will continue. Each set has a sensor 20 to control the lever lock release to match with the next cycle. Operations of the 2 sets will have an approximate 30- second time overlap Le. it is 30 seconds before the set 1 weight tank passes the sensor 20 triggering the set 2 weight tank lever lock release to continue from set 1.

Fig.10 To demonstrate the bending moment generated during the machine's operation by the balance equation modification. The machine will run when the weight tank 1 bending moment is equal / greater than the braking set 12 bending moment at normal operation. How greater it is will depend on how the 4 major parameters i.e. 1) mass / load 2) height 3) large wheel radius and 4) braking set are set

Fig. 11 Similar to Fig.10 but for the weight tank 2 and braking set 12 bending moments with the large wheel 31 rotating in the direction 27 as repeated cycles.

Fig. 12 To demonstrate equipment of the two adjacent, interoperating Mechanical

Advantages 41 & 42 for non-stop operation. As seen equipment of the 2 machines are same but with an operation delay for appropriate timing.

Fig. 13 To demonstrate the machine's side view showing the water circulation and transfer of the two interoperating machines 41 & 42. At the machine 41 the weight tank 2 is moving down (19) with the water mass gravity whilst the weight tank 1 is moving up (18). At the while the pump 13 is switched on with electricity from the machine's power generator and suctions water to the tank 5 upper side. As water volume reaches the set level the sensor 9 will switch off the pump. At the same time at the machine 42 the weight tanks 1&2 are at the bottom and top positions being during the temporary stop for load transfer. At the stance the weight

tank 1 will transfer water to the machine base water storage tank whilst the weight tank 2 will be replenished by the tank 5 upper side. As water in the weight tank 2 reaches the level set the sensor 30 will trigger to close the valve 23. After that both weight tanks will be at rest waiting the weight tank 2 of another machine to continue i.e. move down to the delay sensor 20 to repeat cycle again.

Fig. 14 To demonstrate top views of the machines 41 & 42, the equipment and their locations.

Brief Description of the drawings

Figure 1 Lever as the basic principle of the machine's operation Figure 2 Lever v.sMechanical Advantage's operation

Figure 3 Basic principle of the machine's operation and the equation of the machine's operation

Figure 4 Major parameters of the machine's operation viability

Figure 5 Full description of the machine Figure 6 The machine's operation stage 1

Figure 7 The machine's operation stage 2

Figure 8 The machine's operation stage 3

Figure 9 The machine's operation stage 4

Figure 10 Bending moments at the 2 sides Figure 11 Bending moments at the 2 sides

Figure 12 Detail at the machine's left side

Figure 13 Water circulation and transfer at the machine's side

Figure 14 Top views of the machine 1 & 2

Best Approach for the Invention

As described in the Full Description of the Invention Section.

Claims

1. Mechanical Advantage is an invention having a body rising from ground or plunging to underground with spaces, chutes, rails or compartments inside for the weight tanks (1,2) to move up / down. Inside the weight tanks will be a mass / material which has fine or small texture or has bulk shape same with the its vessel shape or a mass / material which is transferable and has weight such as water, sand, powder, stone grains, metal beads, human, animal, particles etc. The mass / material transfer will be from bottom to upper side for storage and will be portion by portion, steady and within set time. Naturally the transfer force will have to be greater than the mass gravity force. The purpose of the mass weight is to apply it in the process to create a bending moment margin to use as the starting force to actuate operation of the system components as mentioned in the Full Description of the Invention Section.

The purpose of the machine body to rise from ground / plunge to underground is to provide space for the weight tanks (1,2) to move up/down for the mass weight inside to produce force/energy to operate the system as mentioned in the Full Description of the Invention Section.

2. For this invention the energy transfer means the transfer of the mass from a weight tank (1) to other (2). See the Full Description of the Invention Section.

The transfer will be from the tank being at bottom position and having its action ended eventually to the other tank having moved up to repeat the operation cycle. By mechanism the upper tank after replenished will move down again and operation will be repeated. In other word, Mechanical Advantage's operation is by energy renewal and employs a

less energy, as determined by the 4 parameters, to generate greater bending moment.

3. Mechanical Advantage's operation principle was derived from the 4 parameters in the Fig.4. Output of the discovery of their relationships and their combination was the machine which hereto has proved that over the principle a continuous mechanical advantage is generated subsequently to be employed as start energy to generate more energy further as demonstrated in Fig.4. In the Fig.4' s sub-figures A, B₅ C and D the 4 parameters are mass weight, height, braking set and the large wheel's radius (31), all are combined into a process / operation which is systematic as readily described in the invention report. The 4 parameters are of the 2 types

a. Constant parameter - Which includes the mass weight, height (water supply pipe height) and braking set (see the sub-figure A, B and C). b. Variable parameter - Is the radius of the wheel (31). In the sub-figures A, B, C and D the radius increases from one to another.

The 4 sub-figures demonstrate as r increases the values of other parameters increase accordingly. That leads to an understanding how to manage the system to achieve mechanical advantage. See Fig.4.