WO2010069450A2

WO2010069450A2 - Stationary energy generation plant having a device for damping mechanical vibrations

Info

Publication number: WO2010069450A2
Application number: PCT/EP2009/008297
Authority: WO
Inventors: Bernd Schnurr; Lothar Schindele; Boris Buchtala; Joachim Breidert
Original assignee: Robert Bosch Gmbh
Priority date: 2008-12-19
Filing date: 2009-11-21
Publication date: 2010-06-24
Also published as: WO2010069450A3; DE102009011084A1

Abstract

An energy generation plant (1) having a device for damping mechanical vibrations comprises at least one rotor (8) driven by a fluid and a generator (9) mechanically coupled to the rotor. The energy generation plant (1) comprises a damping device for damping mechanical vibrations and at least one mechanical or electrical storage element (11, 12) compensating for or damping vibrations or disturbances occurring in a drive train (30) by exchanging energy.

Description

Stationary power generation plant with a device for damping mechanical vibrations

description

The invention relates to an energy production plant with a device for damping mechanical vibrations. The energy recovery system has at least one mechanically driven rotor and a generator mechanically coupled to the rotor. For this purpose, the invention discloses a system for active damping of mechanical vibrations of the power generation plant. This damping is to be achieved independently of the load or the network from a combination of electrical components, such as a generator and mechanical E- elements such as a transmission and their interactions with corresponding damping devices.

In such a system to be damped, depending on the design, energy may flow in different directions, e.g. from a mechanical energy source to a generator and from this into an electrical sink via a power electronics to an electrical network or an electrical storage system and vice versa from an electrical energy generator such as a generator via an upstream transmission gear to the mechanical drive via a drive shaft, so that a bidirectional energy flow is possible in such energy recovery systems.

In particular, in wind turbines in which, for example, energy via a rotor, consisting of a hub with adjustable rotor blades, from the moving air is mechanically removed and passed through a mechanical coupling system, which may consist of clutches, shafts and gears, to a generator. This generator, possibly in combination with power electronics, forms an electrical system which, via the torque generated in the generator, can react on the mechanical system of shaft, gearbox and rotor.

9 shows a schematic diagram of a wind power plant 7 with a rotor 8 which sets the wind power in the direction of arrow A according to the angle of attack of the rotor blades 28 in rotation. For this purpose, the rotor blades 28 depending on the wind force in the direction of arrow B different angles of attack, also called pitch, occupy. The torque MT generated by the wind with the aid of the rotor 8 is transmitted to a generator 9 via a drive shaft 20 and, in this state of the art, via an intermediate transmission 22 to an output shaft 21 with the aid of the drive train 30.

The generator is in operative connection with a power electronics 14, which ensures that, despite different flow conditions in the incoming air and thus despite different torques in the drive train 30, the

Generator torque in the air gap remains almost constant. This means that the drive shaft 20, the output shaft 21 and the transmission shafts of the transmission gear 22 of the drive train 30, the different torque loads caused by wind gusts alternately to break-in torque through a periodically occurring tower shadow record. This means, in particular for a transmission gear 22, that the design of the transmission shafts and the output shaft 21 and their mass moments of inertia must be adversely applied by a multiple higher than it requires an average drive load.

FIGS. 10A to 10D show torque curves with respect to the energy production plant shown in FIG. 9 using the example of a wind turbine 7. FIG. 10A shows the torsional moment MT acting on the drive shaft 20 from the rotor, as shown in FIG. It can wind gusts 29 as Torque peaks in the course of the torsional Mj over the time t effect, while the tower shadow 31 causes a slump in the torsional moment M _τ . These changes and disturbances can lead to low frequency oscillations in the range of a few tenths of Hz to a few Hz, which mean alternating loads for the drive train 30. Thus, the course of the torsional moment, as shown in FIG. 10A, is formed in the acceleration of the drive train with the acceleration moment MB in the same sequence, as shown in FIG. 10B. However, the power electronics connected downstream of the generator 9 ensure that the generator torque MG in the air gap corresponds approximately to the average torque M _N , as shown in FIG. 10C, so that correspondingly a constant power P _N , as shown in FIG Network or the load 10 is fed.

In order to keep the generator torque MG in the air gap constant at M _N , between the output of the generator 9 and the network or the load 10, the power electronics 14 shown in Figure 11 in the form of a three-phase frequency converter upstream. In this case, the input of the inverter is pre-smoothed by an input matching block 32 with L-filters and C-filters to supply a sinusoidal generator voltage waveform 37 as a downstream 3-phase input rectifier 33, which is a smoothed DC link voltage by means of a latch 16, which is here an electrostatic capacitor stores. Thus, the generated inverter voltage UWR is stored as a nearly constant intermediate circuit voltage UZK in the intermediate circuit memory 34, as shown in FIG. 11B, and then by using six times (6-B) output phase inverter 35 and output block 36 with L-filters and C-filters a sinusoidal line voltage waveform 38, as shown in Figure 11C, to deliver via a transformer 39 to the network 10.

Regulation and control of the power electronics 14 ensures that the generator torque in the air gap, despite different acceleration moments in the drive train, remains almost constant. However, this has the disadvantage that all mechanically twisted elements must be over-dimensioned upstream of the generator in order to avoid mechanical vibrations and stresses caused, for example, by gusts of wind and other periodic disturbances. such as tower shadows are triggered to survive without damage. In the existing systems for an energy recovery system active vibration damping systems are provided which have either a direct coupling of the damper to the load and thus to the electrical network, which leads to a dependence on the network and a possible undesirable interaction between the network and the power plant. In other systems, the energy used for damping is dissipated through a resistor and thus remains unused, which in turn reduces the efficiency of the overall system.

From document US 2005/0017512 A1 a system for active vibration damping of a drive train in a wind power plant is known, the generator of which is specified as a synchronous generator and to whose stator winding a frequency converter is connected. The electrical power generated by the generator is completely routed through the frequency converter and fed into the grid by it. This makes it possible to directly influence the generator torque via the generator current controlled by the frequency converter. The current signal is generated by a controller which detects torsional vibrations by measuring the rotational speed of the drive train and generates a corresponding damping torque via the generator current according to the Phasβnlage and the frequency of the oscillation. However, such a system has the disadvantage that it is network-dependent and virtually the current fluctuations that arise through corresponding vibrations in the mechanical part, in particular by the rotor, fed fully into the network for damping.

From US 2008/0067815 A1 a further damping system is known, which is not only suitable for synchronous generators, but can be used for any type of drive train. In this method, both the speed of the generator and the acceleration of the tower of the wind turbine in the sideways direction, ie parallel to the sheet level, detected. From these measurements natural frequencies of the system are calculated and according to these natural frequencies speed-dependent gain factors are set for the damping controller. The controller itself then controls the generator torque via the current through the frequency converter to the mechanical Dampen vibrations. Such a damping operation can be disadvantageously used only if there is a connection to the network. However, this is not necessarily given in case of an error, whereby the benefit of such a frequency-dependent attenuation controller is limited.

From DE 10 2007 021 213 A1 it is known to damp mechanical vibrations in the drive train via the control of the current in the generator and thus of the generator torque. In contrast to the previously mentioned publications, the current component used for the attenuation is not delivered via the frequency converter into the network, but passed through a separate rectifier to a DC voltage branch, in which a power resistor is installed. The current portion of the generator current used for damping is passed through the resistor. This converts the damping power into thermal energy. The shape and height of the current is regulated either by an additional switch in the resistance branch or via a rectifier.

Although this solution eliminates the coupling of the power generation plant to the network operation, whereby a damping of the mechanical vibrations of the drive train is possible even in the case of a network error. However, the energy used for damping is completely converted into thermal energy and therefore can not be recovered. This is particularly disadvantageous if a periodically oscillating energy flow in the damping branch is to be expected.

The present invention has the object to provide a stationary power generation plant with a device for damping mechanical vibrations, which operates independently of a coupled electrical network and at the same time does not convert energy into non-usable forms of energy. It is another object of the invention to provide a method for the active damping of vibrations in an energy production plant.

This object is achieved with the subject matter of the independent claims. Advantageous developments of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims. According to the invention, an energy recovery system is provided with a device for damping mechanical vibrations. The energy recovery system has at least one rotor driven by a fluid and a generator mechanically coupled to the rotor. The energy recovery system comprises a damping device for damping mechanical vibrations and at least one mechanical, hydraulic, chemical or electrical storage element which compensates or damps a vibration or disturbance occurring in a drive train through energy exchange or energy suppression.

An advantage of this power generation plant or the method is that the device for damping regardless of the load or from the network to which the power generation plant can be connected, so that even with decoupled network, the device for damping is effective. In addition, the advantage is that vibrations or disturbances occurring in a drive train are not compensated or dampened by energy destruction as in the prior art, but by energy exchange. This means that the energy or the energy storage made possible by mechanical vibrations is subsequently returned to the system.

Again, this is not possible in the prior art, so that virtually any disturbance, if it exceeds the average energy flow, can be used to increase the efficiency of the power generation plant according to the invention and increases the efficiency of the system. For this purpose, dynamic storage systems and dynamic conversion systems are used, for example, to gain energy from wind gusts, without overloading the mechanical components of the drive train, since the energy flow can be varied by the additional storage options of the power plant such that it is possible, the components To optimize the drive train to a medium torsional moment, which allows a significant weight and material savings for the mechanical drive train and its components in an advantageous manner. In the following, embodiments for storage possibilities of the energy flow are discussed in succession upstream of power electronics up to the mechanical rotor.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a controllable memory for receiving energy is arranged at least in a power electronics, which varies the absorption of energy as a function of a mechanical vibration load of the power plant. For this purpose, the power electronics may have a power electronic actuator with an electrical intermediate circuit, as already described above, wherein the intermediate circuit has a first intermediate circuit memory, for example in the form of an intermediate capacitor, as shown above with the prior art, to which an o the multiple additional intermediate circuit memory with variable power consumption can be connected in parallel.

These additional intermediate circuit memories can be, for example, capacitors with more than a hundred times the electrical capacity or represent batteries, for example, of lithium-ion cells. This memory must be able to store different levels of energy flux at the relatively low frequency of a few tenths of Hz to tens of Hz and at reduced torques can deliver this stored energy, so that it is not necessary to keep constant the generator torque in the air gap as in the prior art Rather, it is to be varied so that the torque in the drive train, despite a widely varying torque on the rotor, is kept almost constant, since the generator torque in the air gap decreases synchronously with the tower shadow and can increase at corresponding wind gusts, since the absorption of energy in the controllable memory of the power electronics as a function of the mechanical vibration load of the power generation plant varies.

The power electronics preferably have a three-phase converter or frequency converter with an electronic intermediate circuit, wherein the intermediate circuit has a first intermediate circuit memory, to which a second additional intermediate circuit memory is connected in parallel with variable energy consumption as mentioned above. Energy flow upstream from the power electronics with electronic nischer intermediate circuit of the generator is arranged. At the stator output as well as at the rotor output, different memories for recording the energy flow in the case of mechanical oscillations or disturbance variables of the drive train can be picked up at the stator output and at the rotor output before the electronic intermediate circuit memory and the power electronics.

For this purpose, a mechanical memory via an electromechanical transducer, which cooperates with the rotor of the generator for damping a vibration or a disturbance, store mechanical energy and return the stored energy regulated. A similar mechanical memory may alternatively or additionally be in operative connection with the rotor of the generator and store mechanical energy which is subsequently returned via an electric motor, for example. As mechanical storage can be arranged preferably at the output of the generator rotating flywheel masses.

Furthermore, it is provided in a further embodiment of the invention to arrange a dual mass flywheel for vibration damping in the waves of the drive train. For this purpose, the dual-mass flywheel is tuned to the typical natural and excitation frequencies in the drive train. These dual-mass flywheels in the drive branch can smooth different damaging torsional vibrations as switchable dual-mass flywheels, thus increasing the service life and thus the availability of the components of an energy-generating plant. It also makes it possible to reduce the sizing of the components. A regulation is not required for the use of dual-mass flywheels.

In addition to purely mechanical storage, it is also possible, via a power electronic actuator, which interacts with the rotor and / or with the stator of the generator, the electrical energy that can be obtained from mechanical vibrations or disturbances, and store electromechanically or electrically this energy traced back within the plant. Prior to the input of the generator memory can be arranged, which are either purely mechanical or elecomechanchanischaufladbar. Thus, it is possible that a damping element is arranged directly on the drive shaft, as an electromechanical converter, such as an eddy current brake dissipates energy to a memory and as an electric motor, the energy returns.

It is more effective, however, to arrange such an electromechanical transducer as a damping element on the output shaft of a transmission gear, since there the rotational speed of an eddy current disc of the eddy current brake corresponds to the rotational speed of the input shaft of the generator. A purely mechanical smoothing of vibrations in the drive shaft after the rotor or in the output shaft after a transmission gear is possible in that a spring-loaded element is used on the drive axle and the output shaft, wherein the spring-loaded element has a variable torsional stiffness. With the aid of a device (eg clutch) within the drive shaft or within the output shaft, the spring-loaded element can be fixed at different torsional stiffnesses. To take rotational energy out of the drive train, d. H. To smooth load peaks, a soft spring setting is selected so that some of the rotational energy is stored in the form of potential energy in the torsion spring. If the torque on the shaft drops temporarily, the energy from the spring is released again. At medium torque, the spring can be bridged by means of a coupling, so that no energy exchange with the spring takes place.

Finally, it is possible, if the energy recovery system has a transmission gear, to provide a transmission branching for mechanical energy in the transmission gear, which is mechanically storable and electromechanically retrievable or electrically stored via an electromechanical transducer and finally fed from the electrical memory in turn into the system can be.

A method for damping an oscillation or a disturbance variable of an energy-generating plant with at least one mechanically driven rotor and a generator mechanically coupled to the rotor can have power electronics so that a variable energy flow from the rotor through the generator and the power electronics to the load becomes. The output power to the load remains constant, as a mechanical or electric storage element of the energy recovery system compensates or damps a vibration occurring in a drive train or disturbance variable by energy exchange.

Such a method has the advantage that it operates independently of the mains by appropriate regulation of the energy flows in the energy production plant, so that disturbances in the load range during disconnection of the network do not affect the functionality of the energy production plant.

In a preferred implementation example of the method, by activating an eddy current brake of the drive shaft and / or the output shaft of an energy production plant, an attenuation of a vibration or a disturbing variable is achieved. Such damping of a vibration or disturbance can also be achieved by branching off a power flow from a transmission located between the rotor and the generator by coupling a downstream device to the transmission branch.

Finally, by means of an additional mechanical or electrical memory, in cooperation with the rotor and / or the stator of the generator, it is possible to achieve damping of a vibration or a disturbing variable in the energy production plant. In addition, it is possible to achieve a damping function of a vibration and / or a disturbance variable by means of an additional electrical intermediate circuit memory by means of additional variable current consumption under variable DC link voltage, the additional electrical intermediate circuit memory being electrically connected to the generator via power electronics.

The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying figures.

FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a power generation plant according to a first embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of an energy production plant according to a second embodiment of the invention; FIG. 3 shows schematic diagrams of torque curves over the

Time in an energy production plant according to FIG. 1 or FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of a power generation plant according to a third embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 5 shows a schematic diagram of an energy production plant according to a fourth embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 6 shows a schematic diagram of an energy production plant in accordance with FIG.

, ner fifth embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 7 shows a schematic cross section through a drive train of a power generation plant according to a sixth embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 8 shows a schematic diagram of a torque curve over time for the embodiment according to FIG. 7;

Figure 9 shows a schematic diagram of a wind turbine according to the prior

Technology;

FIG. 10 shows schematic diagrams of torque curves in a wind power plant according to FIG. 9;

FIG. 11 shows a schematic circuit diagram of a power electronics of a wind power plant according to FIG. 9.

1 shows a schematic diagram of a stationary power generation plant 1 according to a first embodiment of the invention. This energy production plant 1 converts wind energy, which acts in the direction of arrow C on a rotor 8, via a generator 9 and a power electronics 14 into electrical energy, which is then inserted into a grid or load 10 via a transformer 39. is fed. In this embodiment of the invention, a transmission gear 22 is disposed between the rotor 8 and the generator 9, which translates the rotational frequency of a few tenths Hz to tens of Hz of the drive shaft 20 caused by the rotor 8 in a higher rotational speed of the output shaft 21 ,

In this case, as stated above, mechanical vibrations occur that are caused in part by periodically occurring disturbance variables, such as, for example, the tower shadow of the wind power plant or by statistically occurring wind gusts. In contrast to the prior art, which is explained with the figures 9 to 11, a plurality of mechanical storage elements 11 and electrical storage elements 12 are provided in this power generation plant 1, which are provided at different points of the energy flow from the rotor 8 to the load 10. These memory elements 11, 12 are used to dampen the mechanical vibrations in the drive train 30 from the drive shaft 20, transmission gear 22 and output shaft 21st

The mechanical storage elements 11 and the electrical storage elements 12 can be fed by different attenuators 46 to 48. Thus, an electromechanical tap in the form of, for example, an eddy current brake 18 is provided directly on the output shaft 20, which can supply both an electrical memory 12 via an electromechanical transducer 13 or an A / D converter 43 and a mechanical memory 11 as a flywheel directly. Also, as shown in FIG. 1, an electromechanical pickup can be provided as a damping device in the form of an eddy current brake 18 on the output shaft 21 of the transmission gear 22, which on the one hand can directly charge a mechanical accumulator 11 in the form of a flywheel, for example, or via an electromagnetic converter 13 or an A / D converter can supply the eddy current energy to an electric storage 12. A power flow can also be diverted from the transmission gear 22 via a transmission branch 25, which in turn can charge an electrical memory 12 or directly a mechanical memory 11 via an electromechanical converter 13 or an A / D converter 43. In addition to this Dämpfungsmögli _. Chances of vibrations in the drive train 30, it is also possible to provide at the generator output 40 before the power electronics 14 corresponding storage and damping devices, which can return the stored energy to relieve the drive train 30 by means of the stator or the rotor of the generator 9. For this purpose, in this embodiment of the invention, a power electronic actuator 26 connected to the stator and / or the rotor at the output 40 of the generator 9, wherein this actuator introduces electrical energy into an electrical memory 12 and thus either a battery, such as a lithium-ion battery, a Leistungskonden - Sator as an electrolytic capacitor or a double-layer capacitor, an inductive or chemical storage charges.

Since the electrical energy present at the stator or at the rotor supplies an alternating current, it can also be introduced directly into a rotating mechanical flywheel of a mechanical accumulator 11. Again, an electromechanical transducer is required, which converts the excitation frequency in at driving torque peaks in an increase rotational frequency. Conversely, the energy stored in the mechanical accumulator 11 can be fed back via corresponding electric or eddy current motors 19 into the drive shaft 20, into the transmission branch 25 or into the output shaft 21 at drive torque minimums.

Finally, the intermediate circuit memory 34 known from the prior art can be provided as the first intermediate circuit memory 16 in the power electronics 14. An additional second intermediate circuit memory 17 with a multiple storage capacity compared to the first intermediate circuit memory 16, as known from the prior art, can be connected as a controllable memory 15 parallel to the first latch 16 to the energy of mechanical overshoots of the drive train 30 as electrical energy to store, which can be supplied to the drive train 30 in Schwingungstälern via a transducer 13, and thus ensures a uniform load of the drive train 30. FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of an energy production plant 2 of a second embodiment of the invention. Components having the same functions as in the previous figures are identified by the same reference numerals and will not be discussed separately. 2, a control unit 41 is arranged, which controls the various attenuators 46 to 49, as shown in Figure 1 in the drive train 30 on the generator 9 and the power electronics 14 and to evaluate sensor signals of these components to optimally mechanical vibrations in the drive train 30 to dampen.

FIG. 3 shows schematic diagrams 3A to 3D of torque curves M over time t in an energy production plant according to FIG. 1 or FIG. 2 of the invention. A comparison of these diagrams according to FIG. 3A to FIG. 3D to the diagrams according to FIG. 10A and FIG. 10D of the prior art clearly shows the advantages of the energy recovery systems 1 and 2 according to the invention. In turn, FIG. 3A shows the course of the torsion element MT coming from the rotor on the drive shaft 20, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, acts.

In this case, wind gusts can onsmomentes 29 as a torque peaks in the course of the torsional impact M _τ over time t, while the tower shadow 31 causes a drop in the torsional moment M _τ. These changes and disturbances can lead to low frequency oscillations in ranges of a few tenths of Hz to several tens of Hz, which could mean high alternating loads on the powertrain 30, as shown in FIGS. 1 or 2. However, a comparison of the time profile of the acceleration torque M _B in the drive train, as it results in Figure 3B due to the energy recovery system according to the invention with corresponding damping measures to the Figure 10B of the prior art, clearly shows that the alternating loads or the acceleration torque MB on the Time are significantly reduced due to the attenuation elements according to the invention.

Thus, the components of the drive train with significantly lower areal masses and thus can be realized with significantly lower weight and for an average torque M _N and significantly lower Sicherheitszusch- be interpreted. This means a weight saving for the drive shaft 20, the transmission shafts of the transmission gear 22 and also for the output shaft 21 of the transmission gear 22. Due to the memory elements 11 and 12 for the attenuators 46 to 49, as shown in Figure 1, can now, as Figure 3C shows , the generator torque by an average value MN in analogy to the driving torsion element M _τ , as it is predetermined in Figure 3A by the wind loads vary. The corresponding power peaks, as shown in FIG. 3D, are compensated by the provided memory elements 11 and 12 of the attenuators 46 to 49 in cooperation with the control unit 41 of FIG. 2 of the embodiment, so that an average power PN to the network or to the load can be delivered.

Since the cached energy flows back into the entire energy budget of the power generation plant from the different memories and attenuators, a higher efficiency of the power generation plant 1 and 2 according to the invention is achieved in addition to the reduced load of the drive train.

FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of a power generation plant 3 according to a third embodiment of the invention. Components having the same functions as in the previous figures are identified by the same reference numerals and will not be discussed separately. The difference from FIG. 1 is that in this embodiment of the invention only the additional second intermediate circuit memory 17 is provided with respect to the first intermediate circuit memory 16 known in the prior art, the intermediate memory 17 comprising a D / D converter 42 which the variable memory element 15 charges.

FIG. 5 shows a schematic diagram of a power generation plant 4 according to a fourth embodiment of the invention. The difference from the previous embodiment of the invention is that now additionally a cooperating with the stator or with the rotor of the generator 9 attenuator 46 is provided from an A / D converter and an electric memory 12 in addition to the variable memory 15 in the intermediate circuit , FIG. 6 shows a schematic diagram of a power generation plant 5 according to a fifth embodiment of the invention, wherein components having the same functions as in FIGS. 4 and 5 are identified by the same reference symbols and will not be discussed separately. In addition to the damping member 46 shown in FIG. 5, which cooperates with the stator and / or rotor of the generator, in this fifth embodiment of the invention a further damping member 47 is provided, which cooperates with a rotating mechanical energy store 11 and thus via an A. / A-actuator 45 is electrically connected to the stator and / or rotor of the generator 9.

FIG. 7 shows a schematic cross section through a drive train 30 of a power generation plant 6 according to a sixth embodiment of the invention. The damping element 48 shown in FIG. 7 is purely mechanical energy storage and recovery with the aid of a spring-loaded element 23. For this purpose, a torsion spring 50 may be provided with a first region of a drive shaft 20 or a first region of an output shaft 21 with one end 51 the torsion spring 50 are engaged, while the other end 52 of the torsion spring 50 with a second portion 20 ^'of the drive shaft and a second portion 21 ^{' of} the output shaft is engaged. The torsional stiffness of the torsion spring can be made variable by the torque tap is made displaceable. Another possibility is a torsion spring with non-linear spring characteristic.

On the other hand, in this embodiment of the invention, a clutch 24 is provided by which the bias of the torsion spring 50 can be blocked at different torsional stiffnesses. This mechanical storage element in the form of a torsion spring can be used for smoothing high-frequency components in Qrehmomentverlauf continuously or discretely variable on the shaft, it being possible to vary the torsional stiffness of the spring element. This element can serve as an actuator for a control, which causes the smoothing of the torque curve. With torques above the time average, a soft adjustment of the spring is chosen so that the spring can be wound up and the kinetic energy contained in the torque peak can be cached and released again. At average Torque sizes, the first area is blocked to the second portion of the drive or output shaft 20 and 21 by means of the clutch 24 so that the energy is stored in the spring and the drive train does not swing up.

FIG. 8 shows a schematic diagram of a torque curve M over time t for the embodiment according to FIG. 7. For this purpose, when the mean torque fluctuates by ΔM, the clutch 24, as shown in FIG. 7, is activated, so that an almost uniform energy flow in this tolerance range from ΔM via the drive train to the generator. If this ΔM is exceeded, the clutch can be released, in which case the spring can absorb energy up to a torque M _max and then blocks the rotation when the maximum possible torque M _{max is reached} .

The stored energy in the spring at the maximum torque M _max can be delivered to the system in the sequence, after a short time a minimum variation of the mean torque can be adjusted by .DELTA.M. Thus, the clutch 24 can be engaged again at time t ₂ , until finally at time t. ₃ again ΔM is exceeded and by releasing the clutch excess energy either stored or can be attributed to the overall system at a lessening moment until finally at U a fluctuation of the torque in the range ΔM is reached, so that again the clutch 24, as in FIG 7 is engaged to connect the two portions of the drive train and the output strand together.

Figures 9 to 11 show schematic diagrams and diagrams and a circuit diagram of a wind turbine according to the prior art, which have already been discussed in the introduction and will not be considered here again to avoid repetition. LIST OF REFERENCES

1 power generation plant (1st embodiment)

2 power generation plant (2nd embodiment)

3 power generation plant (3rd embodiment)

4 power generation plant (4th embodiment)

5 Power Generation Plant (5th Embodiment)

6 Power Generation Plant (6th Embodiment)

7 power generation plant (prior art)

8 rotor

9 generator

10 network or load

11 mechanical storage element

12 electric storage element

13 electromechanical transducer

14 power electronics

15 adjustable memory

16 first intercity store

17 additional second intermediate circuit memory

18 eddy current brake

19 eddy-current motor

20 drive shaft (20 ^' )

21 output shaft (21 ^' )

22 transmission gear

23 Spring storage element

24 clutch

25 transmission branch

26 power electronic actuator

27 downstream facility

28 rotor blade

29 gusts of wind

30 powertrain

31 tower shadow

32 L filter and C filter input block 33 3-phase input rectifier

34 DC link memory

35 3-phase output inverter

36 L filter and C filter output block

37 Generator voltage curve

38 Mains voltage curve

39 transformer

40 generator output

41 control unit

42 D / D converters

43 A / D converter

44 D / A converters

45 A / A actuator

46 attenuator

47 attenuator

48 attenuator

49 attenuator

50 torsion spring

51 first end of the torsion spring

52 second end of the torsion spring

Claims

claims

1. Stationary power generation plant with at least one mechanically driven rotor (8) and a mechanically coupled generator (9), wherein the energy recovery system (1) comprises a damping device for

Damping of mechanical oscillations characterized in that the energy recovery system (1) at least one mechanical, hydraulic, electrical or chemical storage element (11, 12) with or without electromechanical transducer (13), which occurs in a drive train vibration or disturbance variable by energy exchange or Energy exception compensates or dampens.

2. Energy production plant according to claim 1, characterized in that at least in a power electronics (14) a controllable memory (15) is arranged for receiving energy, the absorption of energy e- depending on a mechanical vibration load of the e- nergiegewinnungsanlage (1) varied.

3. power generation plant according to claim 2, characterized in that the power electronics (14) comprises a power electronic actuator with an electronic DC link, wherein the DC link has a first electric DC link memory (16), the one or more additional DC link memory (17) are connected in parallel with variable power consumption.

4. Energy production plant according to one of the preceding claims, d ad u rch nected net that the energy stored in the intermediate circuit is variable.

5. Energy production plant according to one of the preceding claims, d ad u rch geke nnze I net, in that a mechanical memory (11) stores mechanical energy and returns the stored energy via an electromechanical transducer (13) which cooperates with the rotor of the generator (9) to dampen a vibration or disturbance.

6. Energy production plant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a mechanical memory (11) via an electromechanical transducer (13) which cooperates with the stator of the generator (9) for damping a vibration or a disturbance, mechanical energy stores and the returns stored energy.

7. Energy production plant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an electrical memory (12) via a power electronic actuator (26) which cooperates with the rotor of the generator (9) for damping a vibration or a disturbance stores electrical energy and electromechanical or electrically returns energy.

8. Energy production plant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an electrical memory (12) via a power electronic actuator (26) which cooperates with the stator of the generator (9) for damping a vibration or a disturbance, stores energy and electromechanical or electrostatic energy.

9. Energy production plant according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 3, characterized in that on the drive shaft (20) a damping element is arranged, which discharges as an electromechanical transducer such as an eddy current brake (18) e- energy to a memory (12) and time-shifted feeds again.

10. Energy production plant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on the output shaft (21) of a transmission gear (22) between the rotor (8) and the generator (9), a damping element is arranged, which serves as an electromechanical transducer such as an eddy current brake

(18) dissipates energy to a memory (12) and feeds it again with a time delay.

11. Energy production plant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on the drive shaft (20) or on an output shaft (21) of a Cl- gear reduction (22) a spring-loaded element (23) is arranged, which has a variable torsional stiffness and with a drive shaft region (20 ^' ) and output shaft region (21 ^' ) is mechanically coupled.

12. Energy production plant according to claim 11, characterized in that between spring-loaded element (23) and drive shaft region (20 ^' ) and output shaft region (21 ^' ), a clutch (24) is arranged.

13. Energy production plant according to one of claims 10 to 12, characterized in that the transmission gear (22) has a transmission branch (25) for mechanical energy, which is mechanically stored and electromechanically retrievable has.

14. Energy production plant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on one of the shafts (20, 21) in the drive train (30) a Zweimas- senschwungrad is arranged, which smoothes torsional vibrations.

15. A method for damping an oscillation or a disturbance of an energy production plant (1) having at least one mechanically driven rotor (8) and a generator mechanically coupled to the rotor. a power electronics (14) operatively connected to the generator (9) enabling a variable flow of energy from the rotor (8) through the generator (9) and the power electronics (14) to the load (10), and wherein a mechanical, hydraulic, chemical or electrical storage element (11, 12) of the energy recovery system (1) compensates or dampens an oscillation or disturbance occurring in a drive train (30) by energy exchange.

16. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that by activating an eddy current brake (18) of the drive shaft (20) and / or the output shaft (21) of an energy recovery system (1) an attenuation of a vibration or a disturbance is achieved.

17. The method according to claim 16, characterized in that by branching a power flow from a transmission gear (22) and coupling a downstream device (27), a damping of a vibration or a disturbance is achieved.

18. The method according to any one of claims 15 to 17, characterized in that by an additional mechanical or electrical memory (11, 12), in cooperation with the rotor and / or the stator of the generator (9) a damping of a vibration or a disturbance is achieved.

19. The method according to any one of claims 15 to 18, characterized in that a damping function of a vibration or a disturbance by an additional electric intermediate circuit memory (17) by means of additional variable current consumption under variable DC link voltage of the generator (9) via a power electronics ( 14) is achieved.