WO2010068081A1 - A mixture and a method involving entomopathogens for controlling planococcus ficus insects on vine plants - Google Patents

A mixture and a method involving entomopathogens for controlling planococcus ficus insects on vine plants Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010068081A1
WO2010068081A1 PCT/MX2009/000004 MX2009000004W WO2010068081A1 WO 2010068081 A1 WO2010068081 A1 WO 2010068081A1 MX 2009000004 W MX2009000004 W MX 2009000004W WO 2010068081 A1 WO2010068081 A1 WO 2010068081A1
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mixture
spores
control
insects
application
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PCT/MX2009/000004
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Spanish (es)
French (fr)
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María Mayra DE LA TORRE MARTÍNEZ
Ali Jesús ASSAF TORRES
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De La Torre Martinez Maria Mayra
Assaf Torres Ali Jesus
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Publication of WO2010068081A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010068081A1/en

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
    • A01N63/30—Microbial fungi; Substances produced thereby or obtained therefrom

Definitions

  • the technical field of this invention is that of entomopathogenic fungi, product of the area of biotechnology for the control of the Pianococcus ficus pest, in vine plants.
  • the floury louse of the vine is a homoptera, sucking insect that when feeding on the plant of the secret honeydew vine where fungal colonies that stain the wood develop, leaving the trunk dyed black (fumagina), but the main damage is The contamination of the clusters with cottony white masses, ovisacos, lice and the presence of honeydew, which considerably reduces the quality of the clusters.
  • insecticides of chemical synthesis is mainly used, this control consists mainly of the application of chlorpyrifos and metomilo to the foliage, or imidacloprid through the drip irrigation system;
  • this treatment is expensive and its wide safety interval, so its application must be done several days before harvest.
  • entomapathogenic fungi or insect pathogenic fungi there are some, which have the potential to be a new class of bioinsecticides widely used in agribusiness.
  • the mechanism of action of these fungi basically lies in entering, through the cuticle of insects; This makes fungi effective in a wide variety of insects that can be effectively controlled by other pathogens such as bacteria, viruses or protozoa that act by ingestion. It is in this context where the entomopathogenic fungi of the genera Verticillium, Metarhizium, Beauver ⁇ a and Paecilomyces, which have shown a high control potential of different insect pests. However, to date these microorganisms had not been used for the control of this type of insect. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
  • Figure 1 Monitoring of the mealybug population at different dates in the barracks under treatment and control.
  • the bars represent the number of insects counted per quarter of a representative sample of 45 randomly selected plants.
  • the present invention relates to the suspension application of asexual spores (anamorphic phase) and / or sexual (teleomorphic phase) and / or infective propagules submerged from fungi of the genera Verticillium, Metarhizium, Beauver ⁇ a and Paecilomyces against the grapevine louse Planococcus ficus, providing an effective method of control.
  • the carrier is a substance capable of distributing the spores without negatively affecting its viability and ability to fulfill its control function.
  • the carriers include oils, solutions with surfactants and non-phytotoxic clays among others.
  • the massive application of the biological formulations for pest control comprises the spores and an emulsion.
  • the emulsion comprises oil and water and is capable of resuspending the spores of an entomopathogenic fungus and subsequently allows the dispersion in large volume of water from the fungus, for application in the field or in the greenhouse.
  • the suspension includes those mixtures where clays are suspended in water and conidia are suspended in water or oils. In clay / water suspensions, the clay helps the suspension in the water of hydrophobic spores for greater dispersion.
  • the product in liquid formulation containing 2.4 x 10 12 conidia / L of each of the entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium anisopliae, Beauver ⁇ a bassiana and Paecilomyces fumosoroseus were used as active ingredients suspended in mineral oil, emulsifier and protective against ultraviolet light.
  • the solution was prepared with 200 L of running water, 3 L of the mixture and 1.5 L of the surfactant in the spray tank, under stirring, adjusting the pH to 5.6 with concentrated phosphoric acid.
  • the suspension obtained was thickened to 2,000 L, which is the volume needed to cover one hectare.
  • the final spore concentration reached in the suspension was 3.6 x 10 9 spores / L.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Virology (AREA)
  • Mycology (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)

Abstract

The aim of the following invention is to assist control of the vine mealybug through the use of entomopathogenic fungi, a biotechnological product for controlling the pest planococcus ficus on vine plants. A mixture of the genera Verticillium, Metarhizium, Beauveria and Paecilomyces was used, which demonstrated a high degree of potential in controlling different insect pests. However, to date, said microorganisms have not been used to control this type of insect. A methodology for the use of said mixture and also the proportion of quantities are given.

Description

UNA MEZCLA Y UN MÉTODO DE ENTOMOPATOGENOS PARA EL CONTROL DE A MIXTURE AND A METHOD OF ENTOMOPATOGENS FOR THE CONTROL OF
INSECTOS Pianococcus ficus, EN PLANTAS DE LA VIDPianococcus ficus INSECTS, IN PLANTS OF THE VINE
CAMPO TÉCNICOTECHNICAL FIELD
El campo técnico de esta invención es Ia de hongos entomopatógenos, producto del área de Ia biotecnología para el control de Ia plaga Pianococcus ficus, en plantas de Ia vid.The technical field of this invention is that of entomopathogenic fungi, product of the area of biotechnology for the control of the Pianococcus ficus pest, in vine plants.
ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCIÓNBACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
El piojo harinoso de Ia vid es un homóptero, insecto chupador que al alimentarse de Ia planta de Ia vid secreta abundante mielecilla donde se desarrollan colonias de hongos que manchan Ia madera, quedando el tronco teñido de negro (fumagina), pero el principal daño es Ia contaminación de los racimos con masas blancas algodonosas, ovisacos, piojos y Ia presencia de mielecilla, Io que reduce considerablemente Ia calidad de los racimos. Para controlar este insecto se recurre principalmente al uso dé insecticidas de síntesis química, este control consiste principalmente en Ia aplicación de clorpirifos y metomilo al follaje, o imidacloprid a través del sistema de riego por goteo; sin embargo este tratamiento es costoso y su intervalo de seguridad amplio, por Io que su aplicación debe hacerse varios dias antes de Ia cosecha.The floury louse of the vine is a homoptera, sucking insect that when feeding on the plant of the secret honeydew vine where fungal colonies that stain the wood develop, leaving the trunk dyed black (fumagina), but the main damage is The contamination of the clusters with cottony white masses, ovisacos, lice and the presence of honeydew, which considerably reduces the quality of the clusters. To control this insect, the use of insecticides of chemical synthesis is mainly used, this control consists mainly of the application of chlorpyrifos and metomilo to the foliage, or imidacloprid through the drip irrigation system; However, this treatment is expensive and its wide safety interval, so its application must be done several days before harvest.
El control con insecticidas químicos no ha sido del todo efectivo e incluso las poblaciones del piojo han ido en aumento en diversos países que han enfrentado esta problemática, durante sus últimos ciclos agrícolas.Control with chemical insecticides has not been entirely effective and even lice populations have been increasing in several countries that have faced this problem during their last agricultural cycles.
El control de esta plaga, de gran importancia económica, ha tomado otra dirección encaminada hacia el control biológico, este control se ha venido incrementando considerablemente, al ser una via ecológica considerable, menos destructiva y dañina al ser humano. Estos métodos biológicos explotan a sus enemigos naturales entre los que se incluyen depredadores, parasitoides y patógenos. Dentro de las múltiples formas que existen para el uso de los enemigos naturales como agentes de control biológico de insectos, una de las más comunes es Ia multiplicación masiva de los enemigos naturales y su aplicación o liberación en áreas afectadas. Dentro del control biológico, los depredadores y parasitoides más utilizados son Cryptolaemυs montrouzierí y Anagyrus pseudococci, logrando nivels de control entre el 40-70%. Los niveles de control se dan en gran medida de acuerdo al tiempo que los insectos quedan expuestos al ataque de los depredadores o parasitoides. Si bien este tipo de control puede ayudar a reducir el número total de insectos, por sí solo no puede proveer un control suficiente para mantener las poblaciones del piojo harinoso por debajo de los umbrales de daño económico.The control of this pest, of great economic importance, has taken another direction towards biological control, this control has been increasing considerably, being a considerable ecological path, less destructive and harmful to humans. These biological methods exploit their natural enemies, including predators, parasitoids and pathogens. Within the multiple forms that exist for the use of natural enemies as agents of biological control of insects, one of the most common is the massive multiplication of natural enemies and their application or release in affected areas. Within the biological control, the most used predators and parasitoids are Cryptolaemυs montrouzierí and Anagyrus pseudococci, achieving control levels between 40-70%. Control levels occur largely according to the time that insects are exposed to attack by predators or parasitoids. While this type of control can help reduce the total number of insects, by itself it cannot provide sufficient control to keep the mealybug populations below the thresholds of economic damage.
Ultimas investigaciones han determinado que ciertos insecticidas biológicos formulados a base de microorganismos, como determinados tipos de hongos, han mostrado que también son capaces de controlar insectos. Los primeros microorganismos que se encontraron causando enfermedad en insectos, fueron los hongos por su crecimiento macroscópico sobre Ia superficie de sus hospederosRecent research has determined that certain biological insecticides formulated based on microorganisms, such as certain types of fungi, have shown that they are also capable of controlling insects. The first microorganisms that were found to cause disease in insects, were fungi due to their macroscopic growth on the surface of their hosts
(Ferron eí al., 1975). Sin embargo, algunos hongos entomopatógenos tienen un crecimiento superficial escaso o prácticamente nulo. La mayoría son patógenos obligados o facultativos y algunos son simbióticos. Su crecimiento y desarrollo están limitados principalmente por las condiciones ambientales externas, requiriendo en particular, una humedad elevada y temperaturas adecuadas para Ia esporulación y Ia germinación de esporas, que son sus unidades infectivas (usualmente conidios). Las enfermedades causadas por estos hongos generalmente conducen a Ia muerte del insecto y son denominadas micosis (Tañada y Kaya, 1993).(Ferron eí al., 1975). However, some entomopathogenic fungi have poor or virtually zero surface growth. The majority are obligate or facultative pathogens and some are symbiotic. Its growth and development are mainly limited by external environmental conditions, requiring in particular high humidity and adequate temperatures for sporulation and germination of spores, which are its infectious units (usually conidia). The diseases caused by these fungi generally lead to the death of the insect and are called mycosis (Tañada and Kaya, 1993).
Dentro de Ia variedad de hongos entomapatógenos u hongos patógenos de insectos, existen algunos, que tienen el potencial de ser una nueva clase de bioinsecticidas de amplio uso en Ia agroindustria. El mecanismo de acción de estos hongos, radica básicamente en ingresar, a través de Ia cutícula de los insectos; esto hace que los hongos sean efectivos en una gran variedad de insectos que pueden ser controlados efectivamente por otros patógenos tales como bacterias, virus o protozoarios que actúan por ingestión. Es en este contexto donde los hongos entomopatógenos de los géneros Verticillium, Metarhizium, Beauvería y Paecilomyces, los cuales han mostrado un alto potencial de control de diferentes plagas de insectos. Sin embargo, hasta Ia fecha estos microorganismos no habían sido utilizados para el control del este tipo de insecto. DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA INVENCIÓNWithin the variety of entomapathogenic fungi or insect pathogenic fungi, there are some, which have the potential to be a new class of bioinsecticides widely used in agribusiness. The mechanism of action of these fungi, basically lies in entering, through the cuticle of insects; This makes fungi effective in a wide variety of insects that can be effectively controlled by other pathogens such as bacteria, viruses or protozoa that act by ingestion. It is in this context where the entomopathogenic fungi of the genera Verticillium, Metarhizium, Beauvería and Paecilomyces, which have shown a high control potential of different insect pests. However, to date these microorganisms had not been used for the control of this type of insect. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Breve descripción de las figurasBrief description of the figures
Figura 1. Monitoreo de Ia población de piojo harinoso en diferentes fechas en los cuarteles bajo tratamiento y control. Las barras representan el número de insectos contabilizados por cuartel de una muestra representativa de 45 plantas seleccionadas al azar.Figure 1. Monitoring of the mealybug population at different dates in the barracks under treatment and control. The bars represent the number of insects counted per quarter of a representative sample of 45 randomly selected plants.
La presente invención se relaciona con Ia aplicación en suspensión de las esporas asexuales (fase anamorfa) y/o sexuales (fase teleomorfa) y/o propágulos infectivos sumergidos de hongos de los géneros Verticillium, Metarhizium, Beauvería y Paecilomyces contra el piojo de Ia vid Planococcus ficus, proveyendo un método efectivo de control. Una mezcla y/o suspensión de esporas asexuales, usualmente conidios, y/o esporas sexuales, ambas usualmente hidrofóbicas, de un hongo u hongos entomopatógenos y un acarreador. El acarreador es una sustancia capaz de distribuir las esporas sin afectar negativamente su viabilidad y capacidad de cumplir su función de control. Los acarreadores incluyen aceites, soluciones con surfactantes y arcillas no fitotóxicas entre otros. Cuando el acarreador es un aceite Ia aplicación masiva de las formulaciones biológicas para el control de plagas comprende las esporas y una emulsión. La emulsión comprende aceite y agua y es capaz de resuspender las esporas de un hongo entomopatógeno y permite posteriormente Ia dispesión en gran volumen de agua del hongo, para su aplicación en campo o en invernadero. La suspensión incluye a aquellas mezclas donde las arcillas son suspendidas en agua y los conidios son suspendidos en agua o aceites. En suspensiones arcilla/agua, Ia arcilla ayuda a Ia suspensión en el agua de las esporas hidrofóbicas para una mayor dispersión.The present invention relates to the suspension application of asexual spores (anamorphic phase) and / or sexual (teleomorphic phase) and / or infective propagules submerged from fungi of the genera Verticillium, Metarhizium, Beauvería and Paecilomyces against the grapevine louse Planococcus ficus, providing an effective method of control. A mixture and / or suspension of asexual spores, usually conidia, and / or sexual spores, both usually hydrophobic, of a fungus or entomopathogenic fungi and a carrier. The carrier is a substance capable of distributing the spores without negatively affecting its viability and ability to fulfill its control function. The carriers include oils, solutions with surfactants and non-phytotoxic clays among others. When the carrier is an oil, the massive application of the biological formulations for pest control comprises the spores and an emulsion. The emulsion comprises oil and water and is capable of resuspending the spores of an entomopathogenic fungus and subsequently allows the dispersion in large volume of water from the fungus, for application in the field or in the greenhouse. The suspension includes those mixtures where clays are suspended in water and conidia are suspended in water or oils. In clay / water suspensions, the clay helps the suspension in the water of hydrophobic spores for greater dispersion.
Para Ia experimentación de campo se asignó tres cuarteles cultivados con Ia variedad Black seedless que presentaban infestación de piojo harinoso para que se realizaran los ensayos. Los cuarteles asignados fueron el 52(A), 57(B) y 59(C), figura 1. Cuadro 1.- Cuarteles asignados para las pruebas de campo con una formulación de hongos entomopatógenos y el testigo control.For the field experimentation, three barracks cultivated with the Black seedless variety were assigned that had a mealybug infestation for the tests to be carried out. The assigned barracks were 52 (A), 57 (B) and 59 (C), figure 1. Table 1.- Barracks assigned for field tests with a formulation of entomopathogenic fungi and the control control.
Cuartel Sector Variedad N° de plantas Área (has.) por cuartelBarracks Sector Variety No. of plants Area (has.) Per barracks
A G Black S. 4741 4.98A G Black S. 4741 4.98
B (repetición) G Black S. 3188 3.35B (repetition) G Black S. 3188 3.35
C (testigoC (witness
G Black S. 2934 3.09 control)G Black S. 2934 3.09 control)
* 3.6 x 109 esporas/L suspensión * 3.6 x 10 9 spores / L suspension
Se utilizó el producto en formulación liquida conteniendo 2.4 x 1012 conidias/L de cada uno de los hongos entomopatógenos Metarhizium anisopliae, Beauvería bassiana y Paecilomyces fumosoroseus como ingredientes activos suspendidos en aceite mineral, emulsificante y protector contra Ia luz ultravioleta.The product in liquid formulation containing 2.4 x 10 12 conidia / L of each of the entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium anisopliae, Beauvería bassiana and Paecilomyces fumosoroseus were used as active ingredients suspended in mineral oil, emulsifier and protective against ultraviolet light.
La solución se preparó con 200 L de agua corriente, 3 L de Ia mezcla y 1.5 L del surfactante en el tanque de aspersión, en agitación, ajustando el pH a 5.6 con ácido fosfórico concentrado. La suspensión obtenida se enrrasó a 2,000 L, que es el volumen necesario para cubrir una hectárea. La concentración final de esporas alcanzada en Ia suspensión fue de 3.6 x 109 esporas/L.The solution was prepared with 200 L of running water, 3 L of the mixture and 1.5 L of the surfactant in the spray tank, under stirring, adjusting the pH to 5.6 with concentrated phosphoric acid. The suspension obtained was thickened to 2,000 L, which is the volume needed to cover one hectare. The final spore concentration reached in the suspension was 3.6 x 10 9 spores / L.
La aplicación se realizó durante Ia mañana o al anochecer cubriendo Io largo del tallo de Ia planta desde el suelo hasta Ia parte del follaje, procurando no dejar áreas secas de Ia corteza, con un pulverizador modelo turbo arrastrado 200L (2000I turbina 920, barra giratoria, freno de palanca).The application was carried out during the morning or at dusk covering the length of the stem of the plant from the ground to the part of the foliage, trying not to leave dry areas of the bark, with a 200L model turbocharged sprayer (2000I turbine 920, rotating bar , lever brake).
En Ia Figura 2 se observa que en el cuartel A existió una disminución del número de insectos contabilizados conforme fueron aplicados los tratamientos. En el cuartel B, si bien en el segundo muestreo se observó un ligero aumento en el número de insectos, para el tercer muestro, después del segundo tratamiento, disminuyó. En contraste, en el testigo control, en el que solo se uso el tratamiento convencional con el insecticida químico imidacloprid, el número de insectos aumentó de manera gradual conforme el tiempo. Dentro de las mismas evaluaciones se determinó el porcentaje de plantas infestadas In Figure 2 it can be seen that in barracks A there was a decrease in the number of insects counted as treatments were applied. In Barracks B, although in the second sampling a slight increase in the number of insects was observed, for the third sample, after the second treatment decreased. In contrast, in the control control, in which only conventional treatment with the chemical insecticide imidacloprid was used, the number of insects gradually increased with time. Within the same evaluations, the percentage of infested plants was determined

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES
1.-Una mezcla entomopatógena, para el control de Planococcus ficus que comprende hongos seleccionados de los géneros Metarhizium, Beauveria y Paecilomyces. 1.-An entomopathogenic mixture, for the control of Planococcus ficus comprising fungi selected from the genera Metarhizium, Beauveria and Paecilomyces.
2.- La mezcla de Ia reivindicación 1, caracterizada por que contiene esporas asexuales, esporas sexuales y propágulos infectivos2. The mixture of claim 1, characterized in that it contains asexual spores, sexual spores and infective propagules
3.- La mezcla de Ia reivindicación 2, caracterizado por que los propágulos infectivos son del tipo conidios y blastoporas o cuerpos hifales.3. The mixture of claim 2, characterized in that the infective propagules are of the conidia and blastopores or hyphal bodies type.
4.- La mezcla de Ia reivindicación 1 , caracterizado por que su formulación biológica está compuesta de polvos humectables, granulos, concentrados emulsificables, emulsiones y suspensiones concentradas.4. The mixture of claim 1, characterized in that its biological formulation is composed of wettable powders, granules, emulsifiable concentrates, emulsions and concentrated suspensions.
5.- La mezcla de Ia reivindicación 1 , caracterizado porque comprende un coadyuvante agronómicamente aceptable.5. The mixture of claim 1, characterized in that it comprises an agronomically acceptable adjuvant.
6.- La mezcla de Ia reivindicación 5 caracterizado porque contiene Ia formulación biológica de Ia reivindicación 4 en una cantidad de 3 L, el coadyuvante de Ia reivindicación 5 en una cantidad de 1.5 L, en un cantidad de 200 L de agua.6. The mixture of claim 5 characterized in that it contains the biological formulation of claim 4 in an amount of 3 L, the adjuvant of claim 5 in an amount of 1.5 L, in an amount of 200 L of water.
7.- La mezcla de Ia reivindicación 6 caraterizado porque el coadyuvante es una mezcla de alcoholes etoxilados poliglicol y aril polietoxietanol, de carácter no iónico.7. The mixture of claim 6, characterized in that the adjuvant is a mixture of ethoxylated polyglycol and aryl polyethoxyethanol alcohols, of a non-ionic nature.
8.- La mezcla de Ia reivindicación 6 caraterizado porque el pH es a 5.6, y es ajustado por medio de ácido fosfórico.8.- The mixture of claim 6 characterized in that the pH is 5.6, and is adjusted by means of phosphoric acid.
9,- La mezcla de Ia reivindicación 8 caracterizada porque Ia concentración final de esporas alcanzada en Ia suspensión es de 3.6 x 109esporas/L9, - The mixture of claim 8 characterized in that the final concentration of spores reached in the suspension is 3.6 x 10 9 spores / L
10.- Un método para el control del Planococcus ficus en plantas de Ia vid, caracterizado porque comprende Ia aplicación por aspersión de Ia mezcla de las reivindicaciones 5, 6, 7 y 8, sobre los insectos de Ia plaga mencionada, sobre el follaje y corteza del material vegetal u otro material susceptible a Ia infestación.10.- A method for the control of Planococcus ficus in vine plants, characterized in that it comprises spraying the mixture of claims 5, 6, 7 and 8, on the insects of the mentioned pest, on the foliage and bark of plant material or other material susceptible to infestation.
11.- El método de Ia reivindicación 9, caracterizado porque Ia aplicación se realiza durante Ia mañana entre las 6 y las 8 horas, o por las noches de 19-21 horas.11. The method of claim 9, characterized in that the application is carried out during the morning between 6 and 8 hours, or at night from 19-21 hours.
12.- El método de Ia reivindicación 9, caracterizado porque Ia aspersión se realiza desde el follaje hasta el tallo de Ia planta, humedeciendo el 90 % de Ia planta. 12. The method of claim 9, characterized in that the spraying is carried out from the foliage to the stem of the plant, moistening 90% of the plant.
13.- El método de las reivindicaciones 9, 10 y 11 , caracterizado porque su aplicación deberá realizarse un mes antes de que inicien los brotes del fruto.13. The method of claims 9, 10 and 11, characterized in that its application must be carried out one month before the fruit sprouts begin.
14.- El método de las reivindicaciones 9, 10, 11 y 12, caracterizado porque su aplicación deberán realizarse dos aplicaciones consecutivas en un intervalo de 4 dias entre Ia primera aplicación y Ia segunda. 14. The method of claims 9, 10, 11 and 12, characterized in that its application must be carried out two consecutive applications in a 4 day interval between the first application and the second.
PCT/MX2009/000004 2008-12-10 2009-01-21 A mixture and a method involving entomopathogens for controlling planococcus ficus insects on vine plants WO2010068081A1 (en)

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Citations (2)

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US5165929A (en) * 1991-09-10 1992-11-24 Howell William G Fungal ant killer
US6660290B1 (en) * 2000-10-04 2003-12-09 Myco Pesticides Llc Mycopesticides

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5165929A (en) * 1991-09-10 1992-11-24 Howell William G Fungal ant killer
US6660290B1 (en) * 2000-10-04 2003-12-09 Myco Pesticides Llc Mycopesticides

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
CARNEIRO, R.M.D.G. ET AL.: "Patogenicidade of Paedomyces fumoroseus Isolado CG 259 a Eurhizococcus brasiliensis Hempel (HOMOPTERA:MARGARODIDAE).", AN. SOC. ENTOMOL. BRASIL, vol. 23, no. 2, 1994, pages 345 - 348 *
WALTON ET AL.: "Vine mealybug, Planococcus ficus (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) a key pest in South African vineyards.", A REVIEW. S. AFR. J. ENOL. VITIC., vol. 25, no. 2, 2004, pages 54 - 62 *

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