WO2010060552A2 - Mikromechanischer aktuator mit elektrostatischem kamm-antrieb - Google Patents
Mikromechanischer aktuator mit elektrostatischem kamm-antrieb Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2010060552A2 WO2010060552A2 PCT/EP2009/008160 EP2009008160W WO2010060552A2 WO 2010060552 A2 WO2010060552 A2 WO 2010060552A2 EP 2009008160 W EP2009008160 W EP 2009008160W WO 2010060552 A2 WO2010060552 A2 WO 2010060552A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- actuator
- electrodes
- axis
- comb
- tilting axis
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
- G02B26/08—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light
- G02B26/0816—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light by means of one or more reflecting elements
- G02B26/0833—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light by means of one or more reflecting elements the reflecting element being a micromechanical device, e.g. a MEMS mirror, DMD
- G02B26/0841—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light by means of one or more reflecting elements the reflecting element being a micromechanical device, e.g. a MEMS mirror, DMD the reflecting element being moved or deformed by electrostatic means
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a micro-mechanical actuator, in particular a micromirror scanner, with an actuator unit in an outer frame, which is suspended in the outer frame via two torsion elements extending along an outer tilt axis of the actuator unit, and an electrostatic tilt drive interlocking first and second comb-shaped electrodes, of which the first electrodes are rigidly connected to the outer frame and the second electrodes are respectively connected to the actuator unit.
- MEMS actuators For driving micromechanical silicon actuators (MEMS actuators), electrostatic forces have been used successfully for several decades. These have the opposite of electromagnetic, piezoelectric and thermal drive principles
- the entire microactuator structure including its drives can be made entirely of silicon.
- micromechanical actuators are resonant micromirrors, acceleration and yaw rate sensors. Since no further materials, which are usually mismatched in terms of their coefficient of thermal expansion, are used, these micromechanical actuators can be used with the usual wafer bonding techniques, such as anodic bonding, eutectic bonding or Glass frit bonding despite the associated high temperatures of sometimes well above 300 ° C comparatively easily and with high yield on the wafer level encapsulate (wafer level Packagmg). Proper encapsulation is indispensable for MEMS products to provide protection against contamination with particles, liquids, and gases, as well as mechanical overstress. The possibility of encapsulating these systems not only at the chip level but already at the wafer level results in low production costs and at the same time high manufacturing yields.
- electrodynamic drives require the application of thick metal layers in order to realize planar coils with the lowest possible ohmic resistance.
- metal deposition hardly avoidable layer stresses or layer stress gradient, which can have strong bending of the actuator result, as well as the high metallic mass, which must carry the actuator with it, results in an even greater
- the thermal mismatch of the materials involved precludes a wafer level packaging process because of the high temperatures.
- only non-hermetic adhesive bonding techniques are left over to protect the microstructure.
- the proposed micromechanical actuator is particularly important for the field of optical micromirror actuators, but can also for many other actuator types such as switches or
- Micromirrors are used for the targeted deflection of an incident light beam or electromagnetic radiation of other wavelength ranges (IR, UV). As a rule, these are thin plates etched out of silicon, which are either dielectrically or mirror-coated with very thin metallic layers and are suspended movably on torsion or bending bands. Resonantly operated, such micromirrors of up to several millimeters can be deflected at frequencies of many kilohertz with sufficiently large scan amplitudes. In recent years, intensive work has been done on the development of two-axis scanning micromirror systems, which are to be used in compact laser projection displays. A single or multicolored laser beam is directed at the movable mirror and deflected by it in two axes, vertically and horizontally, so fast, - A -
- the raster scan which is preferably used, a fast line movement is usually combined with a slow vertical movement.
- a line frequency of at least 36 kHz is needed. This applies to line projections of a writing direction, ie z. B. from left to right. During the reset time of the line or horizontal scanner so no information is transmitted.
- Horizontal scanner usually operated in resonance, which has a sinusoidal velocity profile and thus an undesirable inhomogeneous distribution of light intensity in the row direction result. While this is almost impossible to avoid in relation to the horizontal axis, an optimal homogeneity of the image representation is to be achieved at least in the vertical direction. This is ideally done by one non-resonant operation for vertical displacement with a serrated scan. In order to optimally use the available light, the goal is to make the rapid return to the starting point - ie the steeply sloping edge of the vertical scan of the vertical scan - as short as possible.
- a mirror plate with a diameter in the millimeter range is required for optical boundary conditions. The product of mirror diameter and one-sided mechanical scanning angle yields the so-called theta D product, which can be regarded as a measure of the optical resolution. For example, for a SVGA resolution in the horizontal direction, a theta D
- p is the density of the mirror material (silicon density: 2330 kg / m 3 ).
- Taclator T mach ( ⁇ A) '
- microactuators with electromagnetic drives are known for generating torques of this magnitude.
- these have the disadvantages mentioned above.
- Known micromechanical actuators with non-resonant electrostatic drives are not yet able to achieve 0 such torques at the required size of the micromirror and high deflection.
- electrostatic tilting drives which have intermeshing movable and static combing or finger-shaped electrodes.
- electrostatic drives also referred to as 0 comb drives
- Comb electrodes with mutual vertical vertical offset into consideration.
- the high offset is generated by using a second silicon layer, which is electrically isolated from the underlying first electrode plane.
- Static and movable electrodes are generated in different levels and thus have the desired height difference.
- the movable electrode By applying a voltage between the static and movable electrodes, the movable electrode is deflected out of the plane until the electrostatic torque and mechanical momentum of the spring suspension of the mirror or frame equalize each other.
- the maximum achievable static deflection angle is on the one hand by the conditional by the manufacturing process
- the platform is tilted over comb drives, which are far from the mirror or located on the platform.
- the torques are transmitted to the platform via long, chip-centered and multi-articulated rods. Due to this structure, both chip edge lengths are almost the same size and thus unsuitable for installation in flat devices, in particular flat mobile phones.
- the proposed scanner achieves a mechanical vertical total deflection of approx. 11 °, ie a symmetrical deflection of +/- 5.5 °. This also does not yet meet the above requirements for a high-resolution laser display.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a micromechanical actuator with a non-resonant electrostatic comb drive, which is suitable for a micromirror with an edge length of at least one millimeter at a self-resonance of> 1 kHz by at least + / - deflect 7 °.
- the actuator should also be suitable in a biaxial configuration for the non-resonant drive of the slow axis and allow a simple and inexpensive production in silicon technology, a hermetic vacuum encapsulation and a low power consumption.
- micromechanical actuator according to claim 1.
- advantageous Embodiments of the actuator are the subject of the dependent claims or can be found in the following description and the exemplary embodiments.
- the proposed micromechanical actuator comprises an actuator unit in an outer frame which is suspended in the outer frame via two torsion elements extending along an outer tilting axis of the actuator unit, and electrostatic tilting drives of interlocking first and second comb or finger-shaped electrodes forming a mutual one another High offset.
- the first electrodes are each rigid with the outer frame and the second electrodes each have an outer one
- the outer connection member is formed to be in a vertical direction to that through the outer
- the inner connecting element has a spring which extends parallel to the outer tilting axis, in each case in a region of the actuator unit is connected to this, which is closer to the outer tilting axis than on an outer tilting axis opposite edge of the actuator unit, and so formed and arranged is that it is rigid in the vertical direction and flexible transverse to the vertical direction.
- the spring is designed so that it allows both lateral bending and torsion, so as to minimize the counter-circular arc movements of the actuator unit and electrostatic tilting drive To resist, but produces high resistance to vertical deflection.
- the spring has a high aspect ratio rectangular cross section, i. the shape and characteristics of a leaf spring.
- this leaf spring in cross-section could have a width of ⁇ 5 microns and a height of ⁇ 30 microns.
- other geometries and cross sections of the spring are possible in order to achieve the properties described above.
- the actuator unit may be formed by a micromirror, such that a single-axis micromirror scanner is obtained.
- the actuator unit may itself also comprise a frame in which an actuator element, for example a micromirror, is rotatably mounted about a further tilt axis, as is realized in one embodiment of the proposed micro-mechanical actuator.
- This provides a biaxial micromirror scanner that meets the above vertical deflection, resonant frequency and non-resonant slow axis requirements for lateral mirror dimensions of 1mm or greater.
- the electrostatic tilting or comb drive for the actuator unit with the connecting elements to the actuator unit and to the outer frame.
- An important feature here is the spring and its arrangement on the inner connecting element, by their influence, the high torques can be transmitted to the Aktuatoremheit correspondingly high deflection.
- This requires a vertically rigid but laterally deflectable spring connected to the actuator unit near the outer tilt axis. In this case, a total of four springs are used, two for each side of the actuator unit with respect to the tilting axis, which are then symmetrically opposite to the actuator unit.
- the electrostatic tilt drives can in this case also from several groups of comb or finger-shaped
- Electrodes exist.
- the first and second electrodes each have a mutual height offset in order to be able to achieve a stable deflection of the actuator unit in both directions.
- the actuator unit or the actuator element are not limited to micromirrors. Rather, many other types of actuators, such as switches, sensors or gyroscopes can be realized with this structure.
- the proposed actuator is designed as a two-axis actuator, in particular as a biaxial micromirror scanner.
- the actuator unit
- Actuator element in an inner frame and other electrostatic tilt drives from interlocking third and fourth comb or finger-shaped electrodes.
- the actuator element is in turn via torsion elements which extend along an inner
- Tilting axis extending perpendicular to the outer tilting axis, suspended in the inner frame.
- the terms of the inner and outer tilting axis are used here only for Distinction of the two tilt axes, wherein the inner tilting axis denotes the tilting axis of the further inside element in the actuator.
- the inner frame corresponds to the movable frame of this gimbal arrangement.
- the third electrodes are rigidly connected to the inner frame and the fourth electrodes rigidly or flexibly connected to the actuator element in order to be able to drive a tilting of the actuator element about the tilting drive about the inner tilting axis.
- the third and fourth electrodes are preferably arranged offset from one another.
- a biaxial micromirror scanner can be achieved, which can achieve the large scan resolution required for high-resolution laser projection in the mchtresonant operation of the slow scan axis, without the scanner itself is too fragile, ie that the slow axis with a Resonant frequency of about 1 kHz or higher can be realized.
- the slow axis corresponds to the tilt around the outer tilt axis. Horizontal deflections are made possible via the inner tilt axis in resonant mode with the required high frequency. Due to the electrostatic drive in both axes, such a micromirror scanner can be made entirely of silicon and silicon dioxide for the insulation, except for the anti-reflection layer and connection fields.
- the first and second comb-shaped or finger-shaped electrodes are formed on both sides of the outer tilting axis, wherein the electrode fingers are each aligned parallel to the outer tilting axis.
- micromechanical actuator The production techniques for such a micromechanical actuator are known to the person skilled in the art.
- silicon techniques are generally used, wherein the stepped-up comb-shaped electrodes are produced by different layers in a corresponding layer structure.
- Other techniques for generating the high offset are of course possible.
- the connecting elements as well as the springs can be formed, for example, of silicon, which has sufficient elasticity for the ensures lateral bending or torsion of the spring.
- the focus is on the fact that the springs offer little resistance to the desired functional and counter-rotating circular path movements of the actuator unit and electrostatic tilting drives, since otherwise most of the force gained by the many electrodes of the tilting drives has already been used up again.
- the spring should transmit the vertical component of the movement of the electrostatic tilting drives as directly as possible and without loss.
- Fig. 1 shows a first example of an embodiment of the micromechanical
- FIG. 2 shows a second example of an embodiment of the micromechanical actuator as a biaxial micro-mirror scanner
- FIG. 3 shows a third example of an embodiment of the micromechanical actuator as a biaxial micromirror scanner
- FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of the tilting of the actuator unit of FIG Micromechanical actuator in cross section.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 show embodiments of such a micromirror scanner in which, at the same time, a small chip edge length is achieved in a dimension parallel to the mirror surface.
- a micromirror 1 is shown, which is suspended by means of torsion springs 2 about a tilting axis (inner tilting axis) running along the torsion springs 2 in a surrounding movable frame (gimbal) 3.
- the micromirror 1 can be tilted in the movable frame 3 about the inner tilting axis by means of two electrostatic tilting drives which have stepped-up comb electrodes 8, 9.
- the movable frame 3 (inner frame) is in turn suspended by means of torsion springs 4 around a tilting axis (outer tilting axis) predetermined by the course of the torsion springs 4 in the rigid chip frame 5 (outer frame) surrounding it.
- the two tilt axes are perpendicular to each other.
- the movable inner frame 3 can be via two electrostatic tilting drives 14, 15 in deflect vertically.
- the tilting drives 14, 15 have a multiplicity of electrode fingers 16 that are movable relative to the chip frame 5 and whose static offset electrode fingers 17 are attached to the chip frame 5.
- the movable electrode fingers 16 are connected to a U-shaped armature structure 12, which in turn is connected to the inner frame 3.
- About the electrical control of the electrode fingers 16 and counter electrode fingers 17 may at the end of the U-shaped anchor structure 12 is a vertical stroke or a
- the vertical movement generated by the comb drives is transmitted to the inner frame 3 via vertically rigid but laterally deflectable leaf springs 13.
- the leaf springs 13 here have a length of 300 microns, a width of 4 microns and a height of 30 microns and are formed of silicon.
- the lateral distance of the suspension point of the leaf spring 13 on the inner frame 3 determines the maximum achievable tilt angle of the inner frame 3 for a given maximum vertical deflection of the comb drives.
- the vertical lift translation achieved in this way can be used to achieve mechanical tilt angles of + / - 10 ° and more to produce.
- a tilt angle of +/- 10 ° there is a maximum lateral distance of the Connection point of the leaf spring 13 with the inner frame 3 of about 170 microns to the outer tilt axis.
- the arrangement proposed here has the particular advantage that the comb electrode arrangement does not substantially expand in the axial direction of the outer tilting axis but perpendicularly thereto. In a biaxial scanner, this has the advantage that the many required drive electrodes extend parallel to the likewise expanded mirror torsion suspension formed by the torsion springs 2.
- the chip is so by the drives of the inner frame substantially only in the direction of larger, in which it is already particularly extended already by the existing inner axis of rotation. Since the chip edge length perpendicular to this can remain particularly small, for example. In the range of 2 mm, such a micromirror scanner or micromirror chip is particularly suitable for installation in extremely flat mobile phones.
- the comb drives 14, 15 are attached to the rigid chip frame 5 via their own suspensions, for example by suitable torsion or bending suspensions 18, they also have their own restoring moment.
- This restoring moment contributes to the fact that the actuator mass does not significantly reduce the resonant frequency of the movable inner frame 3.
- the resonant frequency of the movable frame 3 is predominantly determined by the gimbal structure and its torsion suspension 4 and influenced only to a small extent by the masses of the drives 14, 15.
- FIG. 2 shows a further embodiment of the proposed micromechanical actuator as a biaxial micromirror scanner.
- This embodiment differs from the embodiment of Figure 1 in that the electrostatic comb drive 14, 15 is attached here via its central support beams directly to the rigid chip frame 5, wherein an intrinsic spring action is utilized in vertical bending of this support beam.
- the outer connecting element is therefore formed here by the support beam itself. Otherwise, the embodiment corresponds to that of Figure 1.
- FIG. 3 again shows a similar construction to that of FIG. 2.
- the electrostatic comb drives 14, 15 are embodied in duplicate in order to be able to generate even greater forces.
- the micromirror 1 is in turn suspended via corresponding torsion springs 2 in an inner frame (gimbal) 3.
- the drives for the micromirror 1 in this inner frame 3 are not shown here in the figure.
- the movable frame 3 is in turn suspended by means of torsion springs 4 in the rigid chip frame 5.
- the electrostatic comb drives 14, 15 have a plurality of Finger electrodes 8, which are the staggered static finger electrodes 9 opposite.
- the drives 14, 15 are each double, are located laterally of the movable frame 3 and on one side directly into the rigid chip frame 5.
- FIG. 4 shows schematically the relationships during the deflection of the inner frame 3 by the electrostatic comb drives 14, 15 according to FIGS. 1 to 3. Shown here is a
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Micromachines (AREA)
- Mechanical Optical Scanning Systems (AREA)
- Mechanical Light Control Or Optical Switches (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2011537874A JP5528466B2 (ja) | 2008-11-28 | 2009-11-17 | 静電的櫛形マイクロメカニカルアクチュエーター |
| US13/130,930 US8213066B2 (en) | 2008-11-28 | 2009-11-17 | Electrostatic comb-drive micromechanical actuator |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102008059634A DE102008059634B4 (de) | 2008-11-28 | 2008-11-28 | Mikromechanischer Aktuator mit elektrostatischem Kamm-Antrieb |
| DE102008059634.5 | 2008-11-28 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2010060552A2 true WO2010060552A2 (de) | 2010-06-03 |
| WO2010060552A3 WO2010060552A3 (de) | 2012-02-23 |
Family
ID=42134063
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2009/008160 Ceased WO2010060552A2 (de) | 2008-11-28 | 2009-11-17 | Mikromechanischer aktuator mit elektrostatischem kamm-antrieb |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US8213066B2 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP5528466B2 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102008059634B4 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2010060552A2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102011006598B4 (de) | 2011-03-31 | 2022-07-21 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Bauteil mit einem verstellbaren Teil und Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Bauteils mit einem verstellbaren Teil |
| CN104977786B (zh) * | 2014-04-02 | 2017-04-12 | 财团法人工业技术研究院 | 李沙育双轴扫描元件及其扫描频率产生方法 |
| TWI621582B (zh) * | 2015-08-14 | 2018-04-21 | 先進微系統科技股份有限公司 | 梳形致動器 |
| JP7037144B2 (ja) * | 2017-08-09 | 2022-03-16 | 国立大学法人静岡大学 | Mems振動素子の製造方法およびmems振動素子 |
| DE102017215276B4 (de) | 2017-08-31 | 2023-02-23 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Multidirektionale Übersetzungs- und Neigungsplattform unter Verwendung von Biegeaktuatoren als aktive Entität |
| DE102018112809A1 (de) | 2018-05-29 | 2019-12-05 | Blickfeld GmbH | Betätigung eines Scanspiegels mit einer elastischen Kopplung |
| US20210405348A1 (en) | 2018-07-26 | 2021-12-30 | Blickfeld GmbH | Reduced nonlinearities for resonant deflection of a scanning mirror |
| US12259543B2 (en) | 2019-03-18 | 2025-03-25 | The Regents Of The University Of Michigan | Ultra-compact folded-beam path confocal endomicroscope |
| EP3941328B1 (de) | 2019-03-18 | 2024-01-10 | The Regents of the University of Michigan | Ultrakompaktes mikrosystembasiertes einachsiges konfokales endomikroskop |
| DE102020005181B3 (de) | 2020-08-25 | 2021-08-26 | Daimler Ag | Fahrzeug, Fahrzeugbauteil und Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Fahrzeugbauteils |
| CN112902892B (zh) * | 2021-01-21 | 2022-06-28 | 清华大学深圳国际研究生院 | 一种静电梳齿驱动式低串扰运动的面内二维定位平台 |
| TWI795836B (zh) * | 2021-07-08 | 2023-03-11 | 千石科技股份有限公司 | 三軸微機電鏡面元件 |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20010040419A1 (en) * | 2000-03-24 | 2001-11-15 | Behrang Behin | Biased rotatable combdrive sensor methods |
| KR100469062B1 (ko) * | 2002-08-13 | 2005-02-02 | 한국전자통신연구원 | 광통신용 주사 미세거울 및 그 제조 방법 |
| US7034370B2 (en) * | 2002-11-22 | 2006-04-25 | Advanced Nano Systems, Inc. | MEMS scanning mirror with tunable natural frequency |
| US6781744B1 (en) * | 2003-06-11 | 2004-08-24 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Amplification of MEMS motion |
| US7295726B1 (en) * | 2003-12-02 | 2007-11-13 | Adriatic Research Institute | Gimbal-less micro-electro-mechanical-system tip-tilt and tip-tilt-piston actuators and a method for forming the same |
| KR100579868B1 (ko) * | 2003-12-02 | 2006-05-15 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 마이크로 미러 및 그 제조방법 |
| JP2006296138A (ja) * | 2005-04-13 | 2006-10-26 | Sony Corp | 駆動素子 |
| JP4475421B2 (ja) * | 2005-12-28 | 2010-06-09 | 国立大学法人東北大学 | マイクロミラー、及び、マイクロミラーデバイス |
| KR100682958B1 (ko) * | 2006-01-10 | 2007-02-15 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 2축 마이크로 스캐너 |
| CA2612206A1 (en) * | 2006-11-30 | 2008-05-30 | Jds Uniphase Corporation | Micromirror device with a hybrid actuator |
| EP2100848A1 (de) * | 2008-03-11 | 2009-09-16 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Angewandten Forschung e.V. | Mikromechanisches Bauteil mit einem Spiegel und dessen Herstellungsverfahren |
| JP5470767B2 (ja) * | 2008-07-28 | 2014-04-16 | 富士通株式会社 | マイクロ可動素子製造方法 |
-
2008
- 2008-11-28 DE DE102008059634A patent/DE102008059634B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2009
- 2009-11-17 JP JP2011537874A patent/JP5528466B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-11-17 WO PCT/EP2009/008160 patent/WO2010060552A2/de not_active Ceased
- 2009-11-17 US US13/130,930 patent/US8213066B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US8213066B2 (en) | 2012-07-03 |
| DE102008059634A1 (de) | 2010-06-02 |
| US20120075685A1 (en) | 2012-03-29 |
| WO2010060552A3 (de) | 2012-02-23 |
| DE102008059634B4 (de) | 2012-12-13 |
| JP2012510254A (ja) | 2012-04-26 |
| JP5528466B2 (ja) | 2014-06-25 |
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