WO2010058097A1

WO2010058097A1 - Truncated cd20 protein, deltacd20

Info

Publication number: WO2010058097A1
Application number: PCT/FR2009/001315
Authority: WO
Inventors: Christophe Ferrand; Marina Deschamps; Carole Henry; Pierre Tiberghien; Christophe Borg; Pierre-Simon Rohrlich
Original assignee: Etablissement Français Du Sang (Efs)
Priority date: 2008-11-18
Filing date: 2009-11-17
Publication date: 2010-05-27
Also published as: CA2743945A1; US9388468B2; EP2358751A1; US20120129167A1; CN102257002B; FR2938542B1; CA3028282A1; HK1164345A1; CN102257002A; FR2938542A1; US20140316125A1; ES2585400T3; US8759503B2; EP2358751B1; CA2743945C; BRPI0916038A2

Abstract

The present invention relates in particular to a protein from an alternative splicing of the gene encoding CD20, the nucleic acid sequences encoding the protein according to the invention, a mutated form of the CD20 gene as well as drugs, diagnostic tools, diagnostic methods and treatment methods using the protein and the nucleic acid sequences according to the invention.

Description

Truncated CD20 protein, DeltaCD20

The present invention relates in particular to a protein derived from an alternative splicing of the gene encoding CD20, the nucleic acid sequences encoding the protein according to the invention, a mutated form of the gene encoding CD20, as well as medicinal products, diagnostic tools, diagnostic methods and therapeutic methods using the protein and nucleic acid sequences of the invention.

The CD20 protein expressed on B lymphocytes is encoded by a gene belonging to a family located on chromosome 11 in region q12. This region defines a gene cluster named MS4A (for Membrane Spanning 4 domain Subfamily A), with 12 subgroups designated MS4A1 to MS4A12. This cluster of genes, extends over 600Kb. The entire CD20 gene covers 41.17 Kb divided into 8 exons separated by 7 introns.

The CD20 pre-messenger RNA has a size of 14.95 Kb with a 5 'untranslated sequence (5'UTR) of 416bp. The 3'UTR region is 2291pb followed by a polyA extension and would correspond to a regulatory sequence. The sequence potentially encodes a protein of 297 amino acids (AA) for a predictive molecular weight of 33.0 KDa. He was identified different splice site in the 5 'UTR region, specifically in exon 1, generating three forms of transcripts of various sizes ranging from 2.8, 2.6 and ^3.4' Kb.

The different forms of transcripts encode the CD20 protein with a molecular weight of 33KD; however, by Western blot and immunoprecipitation, it has been shown the presence of 3 isoforms of 33, 34.5 and 36KD which do not correspond to spliced variants but to post-transcriptional modifications by phosphorylation. This protein consists of a region very hydrophobic, 4 transmembrane segments (AA 68 to 84), delimiting an extracellular domain (AA encoded by exon VI) and an intracellular domain (AA encoded by exon III, V, VII and VIII). Although it is widely used as a marker for peripheral blood B lymphocytes, in lymphocyte population characterization techniques or in the diagnosis of certain pathologies or hemopathies B, the function of the CD20 protein is still poorly known to date. However, the protein structure of the human or murine CD20 molecule is similar to other proteins such as rhodopsin, Gap junction proteins, or some adrenergic receptors, all of which are involved in signal transduction, suggesting a similar role for this protein. . The intracellular portion of this protein has many phosphorylation sequences and is associated with tyrosine kinases of the src family (Fyn, Lyn, Lck)

Functional studies in vitro and on CD20 Knock-Out (KO) murine models revealed that this protein was involved in the inter-membrane transport of Ca ++. The binding of an anti-CD20 Ab to this molecule also induces an increase in the c-Myc and B-Myb oncogenes, an increase in the phosphorylation of intracellular proteins, an increase in CD18, CD58 and MHC class II molecules as well as B-cell adhesion-inducing tyrosine kinase activation. These functions attributed to the CD20 protein remain controversial, as the development and function of B cells in a murine KO model for CD20 have been reported as normal and do not exhibit special phenotypic abnormalities.

Another function has been attributed to the CD20 protein which is the regulation of the cell cycle in the differentiation of lymphocytes. B (LB) and their activation / maturation into plasma cells. In B-cell ontogeny, CD20 is expressed in large amounts on the surface of pre-B cells (absent on pro-B), after rearrangement of genes encoding Ig heavy chains, with persistent membrane expression up to 'at the mature B terminal stage. CD20 is not expressed on hematopoietic stem cells, pro-B cells, and plasma cells, except for a small subset of cells, under certain pathological conditions, which may correspond to plasmoblasts. Finally, remember that the CD20 ligand is not known, which also makes it difficult to determine its function. The expression on the surface of B lymphocytes allows the characterization of this population in flow cytometry or the use in immuno-magnetic purification techniques. The expression of the CD20 molecule on the majority of B cells involved in malignant diseases makes it a therapeutic target of choice for several reasons:

Marker present on LBs and absent on stem cells and plasma cells

- It is expressed in large quantities on the cell surface

It is not secreted or released into the circulation after proteolysis

After fixation of the anti-CD20, the CD20 / Ac complex is not internalized Rituximab (Rx, trade name: Mabthéra ™) is a murine chimeric antibody humanized against the CD20 antigen. It is active against malignant cells having ^"CD20 antigen, that is to say in follicular lymphoma stage III-IV and lymphomas non- - A - Hodgkin's aggressive, diffuse large B cells, CD20 positive. It is also used, combined or not with chemotherapy, and more experimentally in other pathologies, such as certain autoimmune diseases, such as lupus or rheumatoid arthritis.

The Fc portion of human IgH has been selected for its ability to bind complement and result in ADCC (Cytable Dependent Antibody) type of cytotoxicity, the factors influencing its efficacy are diverse: CD20 surface expression density, antibody, capture of therapeutic anti-CD20 antibody, antibody / target binding, FcgR3 receptor polymorphism.

The present invention is based on the discovery of alternative splicing of the gene encoding CD20 leading to the expression of a truncated form of CD20. This polypeptide

(i.e. deltaCD20 or ΔCD20) is deleted from all or part of the transmembrane portion of the native CD20 (or wtCD20) which does not allow the anchoring of deltaCD20 to the membrane of B lymphocytes.

Thus in a first embodiment, the present invention relates to a polypeptide that is remarkable in that it comprises an amino acid sequence substantially identical to that of SEQ ID NO: 2. In the context of the present invention, the term "substantially identical" refers to two sequences having more than 90%, preferably 95%, even more preferably 99% and most preferably 100% homology. In the context of the present invention, the term "polypeptide" refers to an amino acid sequence comprising or not including post-translational modifications. Preferably, the polypeptide according to the invention is obtained by synthesis or engineering genetics, in the latter case, we speak of recombinant protein.

Preferably, the polypeptide according to the invention has an amino acid sequence substantially identical to that of SEQ ID NO: 2 and most preferably it is a polypeptide having SEQ ID sequence

NO: 2.

For the sake of clarity, it is specified that the polypeptide according to the invention differs in particular from wtCD20 (whose amino acid sequence is represented by SEQ ID NO: 4) by the fact that it can not associate with the cellular membrane. Thus, it is also possible to characterize the polypeptide according to the invention that it does not comprise a sequence of at least twenty consecutive amino acids chosen from the sequences of twenty consecutive amino acids present between the amino acid in position 43 and the amino acid at position 209 of SEQ ID NO: 4 (ie the transmembrane portion of wtCD20).

The present invention also relates to a nucleic acid sequence which is remarkable in that it encodes a polypeptide according to the invention. According to a preferred embodiment, the nucleic acid sequence according to the invention comprises a nucleic acid sequence identical to SEQ ID NO: 1. According to an even more preferred embodiment, the nucleic acid sequence according to the invention is identical to SEQ ID NO: 1.

In the context of the present invention, the term "nucleic acid sequence" refers in particular to DNA or RNA sequences, natural or synthetic. Preferably, the nucleic acid sequence according to the invention is synthetic or obtained by genetic engineering. According to another preferred embodiment, it is a nucleic acid sequence totally or partially purified. The present invention also relates to a recombinant vector comprising a nucleic acid sequence according to the invention placed under the control of one or more elements necessary for its expression in a host cell. The recombinant vectors are well known to those skilled in the art, they allow in particular the production of recombinant proteins and / or the multiplication of a nucleic acid sequence. Numerous recombinant vectors are available in the prior art, in particular plasmids and viral vectors. Thus, according to a preferred embodiment, the recombinant vector according to the invention is chosen from the group comprising plasmids and viral vectors.

According to a first embodiment, the recombinant vector according to the invention is a viral vector. Viral vectors are well known to those skilled in the art and are already used clinically in humans (e.g., MVA, adenovirus, retrovirus). It is mostly a vector comprising all or part of the genome of a modified virus to integrate an exogenous sequence. According to a preferred embodiment, the viral vector according to the invention is chosen from the group comprising adenoviral vectors, retroviral vectors, poxviral vectors, vectors derived from herpes viruses, vectors derived from viruses associated with adenoviruses. and vectors derived from alphaviruses. The present invention also relates to the viral particles comprising the recombinant vectors according to the invention.

Preferably, the recombinant vector according to the invention is associated with one or more components facilitating its introduction into a host cell. The components facilitating the introduction of a vector into a host cell are well known to those skilled in the art and some are commercially available. also transfection agent. In a most preferred embodiment, the component facilitating the introduction of a recombinant vector according to the invention into a host cell is chosen from the group comprising cationic lipids, calcium salts, cationic polymers and polypeptides. .

In the context of the present application, the term "element necessary for expression in a host cell" refers to nucleic acid sequences allowing the translation and translation of a nucleic acid sequence as well as the sequences of nucleic acids. nucleic acids for increasing said translations and translations. According to a preferred embodiment, the element required for expression in a host cell is selected from the group consisting of introns, polyadenylation sites and promoters.

In the context of the present invention, the term host cell refers in particular to prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Such cells include bacteria, yeasts, insect cells (e.g. sf9) and animal cells (e.g. CHO, 293, PERC6). The present invention also relates to a host cell comprising a recombinant vector according to the invention.

The applicants also demonstrated that the expression of deltaCD20 correlated with the presence of certain pathologies. In addition, it has also been demonstrated that the level of expression of deltaCD20 is correlated with the evolution of these pathologies. It is more particularly the pathologies related to dysfunction of B lymphocytes (also known as hemopathies B) which represent 85 to 90% of lymphoid hemopathies. These include Follicular Lymphoma (LF), Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL), Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia B (ALL), Mantle Lymphoma (LM), B-cell lymphoma, Myeloma, Waldenstrom's disease (WM).

Thus, the present invention also relates to a method for in vitro diagnosis from a biological sample of a patient, characterized in that it comprises measuring the level of expression of a polypeptide according to the invention and / or of mRNA encoding a polypeptide according to the invention.

The term "biological sample" refers to all fluids or tissues containing the patient's B-cells. Preferably, the biological sample is the patient's blood or bone marrow.

The method according to the invention can be implemented with a raw biological sample (ie as taken without having undergone modification), but also after treatment of the biological sample by all the methods deemed desirable by those skilled in the art. These treatments include lysis of erythrocytes, isolation of mononuclear cells (eg isolation on Ficoll) and / or the addition of molecules allowing the conservation of the biological sample (eg antiproteases). Techniques such as erythrocyte lysis and isolation of mononuclear cells make it possible in particular to increase the proportion of B lymphocytes relative to the other cells present in the biological sample. Thus, according to a preferred embodiment, the diagnostic method according to the invention further comprises a step for increasing the proportion of B lymphocytes relative to the other cells present in the biological sample. Regarding the polypeptide, it may be the protein before or after post-translational modifications and whole or cleaved. The method relates to the detection of all or part of the polypeptide, so it is possible to detect only a portion of the mRNA or polypeptide, provided that the level of expression of this part is representative of the expression of the entire molecule.

In the present application, the term "level of expression" refers to the amount of deltaCD20 expressed by the cells. The measurement of the level of expression can be done in a quantitative or semi-quantitative way, in fact it is not necessary to know the exact amount of deltaCD20, expressed by the cells, but simply to determine if this quantity is significantly greater than one. standard. This standard can be readily determined by those skilled in the art using a pool of healthy individuals and measuring the level of deltaCD20 expression in the cells of these individuals. If the method according to the invention reveals a level of expression of deltaCD20 in the cells of the patients higher than the normal level of expression, said patient will be capable of suffering from a dysfunction of the B lymphocytes. According to a preferred embodiment , the measurement of the level of expression of the polypeptide according to the invention is the measurement of the level of expression of the mRNA encoding said polypeptide. Techniques for measuring the amount of mRNA specifically encoding a molecule are well known to those skilled in the art. Among these techniques, mention may be made of quantitative RT-PCR, semi-quantitative RT-PCR, northern blot and the microarrays technique. The construction and production of the probes and oligonucleotides necessary for the implementation of these techniques are within the abilities of those skilled in the art. Among these oligonucleotides, there may be mentioned more particularly those described by SEQ ID NO: 14 to SEQ ID NO: 17 which are also the subject of the present invention. Thus, according to an embodiment even more The measurement of the level of expression of the mRNA encoding the polypeptide according to the invention is preferably carried out by quantitative RT-PCR, semi-quantitative RT-PCR, real-time quantitative RT-PCR, northern blot or by the technique of microarray chips. DNA.

According to another preferred embodiment, said measurement of the level of expression of a polypeptide according to the invention and / or of an mRNA encoding a polypeptide according to the invention is the measurement of the level of expression of a polypeptide according to the invention and / or an mRNA encoding a polypeptide according to the invention within the B lymphocytes.

According to a preferred embodiment, the measurement of the level of expression of a polypeptide according to the invention is made by an immunological method. In the context of the present application, the term "immunological method" refers to protein detection techniques using antibodies specific for said protein. In the context of the present application, the term "antibody" refers to a polypeptide comprising at least one paratope. Antibodies include T cell receptors, immunoglobulins, chimeric antibodies, human antibodies, humanized antibodies, monoclonal antibodies, recombinant antibodies, and antibody fragments. Among the antibody fragments, mention may be made of Fab, Fab ', F (ab) 2, F (ab') 2, Fv and scFv.

Thus, according to an even more preferred embodiment, the diagnostic method according to the invention further comprises a step where the polypeptide according to the invention is brought into contact with an antibody specific for said polypeptide.

Techniques for measuring the level of expression of an intracellular protein are well known to those skilled in the art. In particular, mention may be made of ELISA, flow cytometry and Western blotting. Thus, according to an even more preferred embodiment, the immunological method is chosen from the group comprising ELISA, flow cytometry and Western blot.

Immunological ^methods' may especially be used on cell lysates or cells whose membrane is permeabilized to allow the passage of antibody inside the cell. According to a preferred embodiment, the diagnostic method according to the invention is a method for diagnosing a pathology related to a dysfunction of one or more B lymphocytes of the patient. According to a most preferred embodiment, the pathology related to a dysfunction of one or more B lymphocytes is chosen from the group comprising B haemopathies, follicular lymphoma (LF), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), acute lymphoblastic leukemia. B (LAL), Mantle Lymphoma (LM), B Lymphoma, Myeloma, and Waldenstrom's Disease (WM).

In solid organ transplantation, including kidney transplantation, the loss of allogeneic grafts remains a major problem. The role of donor allo-antibody mechanisms in hyper-acute rejection is well known and partially controlled, as are early and late T-cell rejections. However, treatments affecting the T lymphocyte compartment have a reduced impact on survival. long-term grafting, suggesting other target effector mechanisms. The splicing of the identified CD20 gene generates deleted transcripts whose sequence remains in the reading frame. Transcription of the spliced form of mRNA or translation into protein could interfere with normal CD20 protein expression and alter its surface expression, which may modulate the efficacy of Rituximab treatment. This has recently been reported in the literature, where the acquisition of resistance to an anti-CD20 antibody (Rituximab) in lymphoma cell lines is associated with pre- and post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms or epigenetic phenomena. Thus, the deltaCD20 protein is therefore a new therapeutic target to improve the efficacy of Rituximab treatment and prevent escape and relapse phenomena.

In renal transplantation, a high-throughput transcriptomic study in patients with acute rejection has made it possible to define a gene cluster characteristic of the B cell population, characteristic of certain types of acute rejection, which can not be distinguished by optical microscopy. Further studies with immunohistochemistry techniques confirmed a strong presence of CD20 + B cells infiltrating the graft. Finally, the persistence of CD20 + cells infiltrating the renal graft after treatment with Rituximab has been shown, while the circulating B cell pool has been eliminated.

As a result of this work, teams described studies reporting anti-CD20 (Rituximab) antibody therapy in renal and cardiac transplantation in early acute rejection patients. In the case of the largest series of acute rejection resistant to corticosteroid treatment, ATG and plasmapheresis, the results were encouraging with 85% graft survival at 2 years. Generally speaking, in solid organ transplantation, there is a growing interest in lymphocyte compartment B, involved in the production of alloantibodies. Among the agents targeting this population of B-cells, Rituximab quite naturally shows its interest in inhibiting response B, preventively

(pre-transplantation) than late (targeting memory B cells). The use of the diagnostic method according to the invention (e.g. in non-invasive biopsy fragments or urinary samples) and our ΔCD20 protein targeting immunotherapy strategy are useful for predicting acute rejection and improving Rituximab treatment.

Thus, in a most preferred embodiment, the pathology related to dysfunction of one or more B-cells is the acute rejection of grafts.

Thus, according to another preferred embodiment, the diagnostic method according to the invention is a method of evaluating the efficacy of a treatment comprising the use of an anti-CD20 antibody. According to a most preferred embodiment, said anti-CD20 antibody is Rituximab.

The present application also relates to a kit for implementing the diagnostic method according to the invention. Thus, the present invention also relates to a diagnostic kit comprising at least one antibody specific for the polypeptide according to the invention. The presence in deltaCD20 of at least one new epitope relative to the wild form of CD20 allows the production of deltaCD20-specific antibodies. Those skilled in the art are quite capable of producing said antibodies by the many methods available in the prior art. It may be mentioned in particular, the phage library screen expressing scFv. Thus the present invention also relates to an antibody specific for the polypeptide according to the invention. According to a preferred embodiment, the antibody according to the invention is not specific for the wild-type form of CD20 and more particularly for the polypeptide having a sequence as defined by SEQ ID. NO: 4.

According to another embodiment, the diagnostic kit according to the invention comprises at least one oligonucleotide probe specific for the mRNA encoding a polypeptide according to the invention. According to a preferred embodiment, said oligonucleotide probe comprising a sequence identical to SEQ ID NO: 14 or SEQ ID NO: 17. According to a most preferred embodiment, said oligonucleotide probe has a sequence identical to SEQ ID NO: 14 or SEQ ID NO: 17.

The present invention also relates to the use of a diagnostic kit according to the invention for the detection of a pathology related to a dysfunction of one or more B lymphocytes. According to a preferred embodiment, said pathology linked to a dysfunction of one or more B lymphocytes is selected from the group consisting of B haematological diseases, follicular lymphoma (LF), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), acute lymphoblastic leukemia B (ALL), mantle lymphoma (LM), B-lymphoma, Myeloma, and Waldenstrom's Disease (WM). According to another preferred embodiment, said pathology related to a dysfunction of one or more B lymphocytes is the acute rejection of grafts. The present invention also relates to the use of a diagnostic kit according to the invention for evaluating the efficacy of a treatment comprising the use of an anti-CD20 antibody. According to a preferred embodiment, said anti-CD20 antibody is Rituximab.

The polypeptide according to the invention is an ideal target for an immunotherapy strategy (vaccination). More particularly, this immunotherapy strategy is useful in the context of pathologies associated with treatments using an anti-CD20 antibody (eg Rituximab) to prevent resistance and improve treatment. Indeed, the inventors have shown in Western blot, an increase in the signal generated by the truncated protein during resistance to rituximab, induced in vitro (line B with Rituximab selection pressure), correlated with the increase of the signal obtained in RT -PCR quantitative from mRNAs of the same populations. This means that the cells that express the most deltaCD20 escape and resist the standard treatment with Rituximab. The truncated protein, deltaCD20 is a potential protein target, for a cytotoxic T cell response. Similarly, spliced mRNAs, also described are an attractive target, by antisense oligonucleotide technologies or by RNA silencing (SiRNA) approaches. . The purpose of these last two approaches is to allow the extinction in vivo of this alternative splicing. Thus, the present invention also relates to a method for improving a treatment, comprising the use of an anti-CD20 antibody, comprising the use of an antisense oligonucleotide and / or of a siRNA capable of totally or partially inhibiting the expression of a polypeptide according to the invention by the cells of the patient. Vaccination or peptide immunotherapy is a therapeutic approach that is currently of great interest in the prevention or treatment of cancers. Its principle is based on immunization with peptides that reproduce T epitopes of tumor antigens recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), which play a major role in the elimination of cancer cells expressing these antigens on their surface.

CTL do not recognize protein antigens integers, but peptide fragments thereof, presented by molecules of the major histocompatibility complex ¹ (MHC) expressed on the surface of various cells. These are the peptide fragments that make up the T epitopes.

The presentation of these peptides results from a complex process, called "antigen pretreatment", which involves 3 main steps: 1 / the cytosolic degradation of antigens by a multienzyme complex called proteasome, 2 / the translocation of the peptides resulting from this degradation in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) by TAP transporters; 3 / association of these peptides with MHC to form peptide / MHC stable complexes, which will be exported to the cell surface. Epitopes presented by the major complex histocompatibility class ¹ I (MHC I) usually have 8-11 amino acids, and are recognized by CD8 + T cells, which represent the major component of the cytotoxic response. The identification of these epitopes, and in particular (given the essential role of the CD8 + response in cytotoxicity) of those presented by MHC I, is therefore an essential step for the development of anti-tumor immunotherapies. Many tumor antigens capable of inducing a CTL response are known at present. Some of the T epitopes of these antigens have been identified, and the efficacy of peptide-based vaccines replicating these T epitopes has been shown in many cases. Following the discovery of a new alternative splicing of the human CD20 gene (deltaCD20) and the demonstration of a protein encoded by this truncated mRNA, the applicant has demonstrated the impact of such a target in immunotherapy anti -tumorale. Indeed, the results obtained show a role of this target protein (not expressed in healthy donor B cells) in oncogenesis as well as its involvement in resistance to anti-CD20 antibody treatment (Rituximab). Demonstration of the deltaCD20 protein and the induction of a cytotoxic T response against a peptide overlapping the junction area of the splice allows vaccination immunotherapy to be implemented in addition to the standard treatments (anti-CD20 antibody ( Rituximab)) pathologies related to dysfunction of B lymphocytes or acute transplant rejection. This vaccination can be done directly with a peptide, or via a recombinant vector encoding said peptide. Thus the present invention also relates to the use of all or part of a polypeptide according to the invention, all or part of a nucleic acid sequence according to the invention or all or part of a recombinant vector according to the invention for the preparation of a medicine. According to a preferred embodiment, said polypeptide comprises at least one sequence chosen from the group comprising SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ. ID NO: 11 SEQ ID NO: 12 and SEQ ID NO: 13. According to an even more preferred embodiment, said polypeptide consists of a polypeptide having a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO. : 10, SEQ ID NO: 11 SEQ ID NO: 12 and SEQ ID NO: 13.

The present invention also relates to the use of a nucleic acid sequence encoding a polypeptide comprising at least one sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 11 SEQ ID NO: 12 and SEQ ID NO: 13 for the preparation of a drug. According to a preferred embodiment, the use of a nucleic acid sequence encoding a polypeptide having a sequence consisting of a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8 , SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 11 SEQ ID NO: 12 and SEQ ID NO: 13 for the preparation of a medicament.

According to an even more preferred embodiment of these uses for the preparation of a medicament, said polypeptide comprises at least one sequence such as SEQ ID NO: 9. According to a most preferred embodiment, the use according to the invention is characterized in that said polypeptide consists of a polypeptide having a sequence such as SEQ ID NO: 9. According to a preferred embodiment, said medicament is for improving the efficacy of a treatment comprising the use of an anti-CD20 antibody. According to an even more preferred embodiment, said anti-CD20 antibody is Rituximab. According to a preferred embodiment, said medicament for the treatment or prevention of blood disorders B, follicular lymphoma (LF), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), acute lymphoblastic leukemia B (ALL), mantle lymphoma ( LM), B-cell lymphoma, Myeloma, and Waldenstrom's disease (WM).

The present invention also relates to a polypeptide having a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 11 SEQ ID NO: 12 and SEQ ID NO: 13.

Another approach may be a gene transfer coding for the antibody according to the invention, thereby redirecting T lymphocytes against this protein. The development of a monoclonal antibody against this protein will in parallel identify the sequences encoding the hypervariable regions (CDR3) of Ig light and heavy chains. The identified sequences can therefore be transfected to T cells by gene transfer; the coupling with a suicide gene may make it possible to control the anti-ΔCD20 T response, although it will be limited to tumor-activated T expressing this form of protein. Thus, the present invention also relates to the use of an antibody according to the invention or a nucleic acid sequence encoding said antibody or a vector comprising said nucleic acid sequence for the preparation of a medicament, and preferably for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of pathologies listed in connection with dysfunction of B-lymphocytes as described in this application.

CD20, is both a membrane marker, since it is expressed on the surface of B cells, but also and "susceptibility" gene, since it codes for the target molecule of anti-CD20 antibody treatment

(Rituximab) in certain hemopathies. These 2 properties can be used in gene therapy to modify ex-vivo (e.g. retroviral) or in vivo T cells (not normally expressing CD20). This is particularly useful for modulating and controlling post-allograft bone marrow complications, which are responsible for T-lymphocytes (LT). Thus, after gene modification, the cells can be selected (eg by an immunomagnetic system) based on the expression of CD20 (not normally expressed by LT) and can be targeted in vivo by anti-CD20 (Rituximab) antibody. case of complication (graft versus host disease or Graft versus Host Disease: GvHD).

If the interest of using the CD20 gene in gene modification protocols as a selection marker and as a susceptibility gene, various studies have shown an instability of the expression of this gene under LTR promoter of retrovirus characterized by a low expression, incompatible with its use as a susceptibility gene. The production of an alternative splicing of the CD20 gene can be at the origin of the modulation of the expression. We have also been able to demonstrate the presence of alternative transcripts in packaging lines of the retroviral sequences transfected with a vector carrying the cDNA CD20 "full length". This line will therefore generate ΔCD20 retroviral particles that can infect target cells, but without expression of CD20 at the surface, which will limit the effectiveness of retroviral transduction. In addition, the transduced target cells will express the spliced form of CD20 transcripts, which may alter their sensitivity to Rituximab.

Thus, the discovery of an alternative splicing, and donor and acceptor sites relating to this splicing, makes it possible to produce a nucleic acid sequence encoding native CD20 and comprising modifications at said donor and / or acceptor sites to avoid said splicing. alternative. Thus, the present invention relates to a nucleic acid sequence encoding CD20, characterized in that it does not comprise an alternative splicing site. According to a preferred embodiment, said sequence comprises a sequence such as SEQ ID NO: 5 and very preferably, said sequence consists of a sequence such as SEQ ID NO: 5. The present invention also relates to recombinant vectors such as as defined above comprising said nucleic acid sequence. The present invention also relates to the viral particles comprising said vectors recombinants, said recombinant vectors associated with one or more components facilitating their introduction into a host cell as defined above as well as the host cells (as defined above) comprising said recombinant vector. The present invention also relates to the use of said nucleic acid sequence or said recombinant vector for the preparation of a medicament, and preferentially for the preparation of a medicament for improving the efficacy of a treatment comprising the use of an anti-CD20 antibody, and even more preferentially said anti-CD20 antibody is Rituximab.

The present invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising the polypeptides, nucleic acid sequences, antibodies and / or oligonucleotides according to the invention and a pharmaceutically acceptable buffer.

EXPERIENCES

1. Demonstration of the alternative splicing of the gene encoding CD20.

In order to clone the cDNA coding for CD20 in a retroviral plasmid backbone, we amplified, by RT-PCR, from RNA extracted from the DAUDI line B, the segment corresponding to the entire coding part (CDS) of the CD20 protein, using 2 primers covering the codons "initiation or start" and "stop or stop" respectively.

The electrophoresis of the PCR products revealed 2 distinct bands, one of expected size of 894bp and the other of smaller size of 393bp and identical intensity.

Sequencing and alignment on NCBI Genebank revealed a sequence corresponding to the coding fragment of the CD20 gene, deleted in its central portion of 501bp, with retention of the "start" and "stop" codons. The analysis of the deletion at the level of the protein shows that the transmembrane portion is practically completely deleted, which is in detriment of an anchoring of this protein to the cell surface of the cells.

The truncated protein has a 131 amino acid sequence for a predicted molecular weight of 15 kD and includes the intracytoplasmic C-terminal domain, a small portion of the first transmembrane domain, and the end of the intracytoplasmic N-terminal domain. The potential truncated protein is not anchored to the membrane by lack of expression of the 4 transmembrane segments, as we have been able to demonstrate by confocal microscopy imaging, by transfection of cell lines with a vector expressing a fusion protein wtCD20 / GFP or ΔCD20 / GFP. The wtCD20Δ / GFP or CD20 / GFP protein was expressed in 293T eukaryotic cells after transfection with a topo pcDNA3.1 CT expression vector (inVitrogen). The GFP protein is cloned in the reading frame of the CD20 sequence (Δ or WT). The revelation of the GFP protein was carried out by direct excitation (green color) and the wtCD20 protein by an antiCD20 antibody coupled to TIRTC (red color). Thus, the labeling is cytoplasmic in the cells transfected with the truncated form of CD20 whereas there is an essentially membrane-based colocalization of the green and red marks corresponding to the GFP and wtCD20. This confirms that the expression of ΔCD20 is limited to the cytoplasm. The analysis of the wild coding sequence of the CD20 gene (WTCD20) using predictive software of the splice sites Donor sites and splice acceptors (software NNSPLICE vO .9 http: // www. FruitfIy. Org / seq_tools / splice (htm) showed the presence of a donor site (SD) and a cryptic acceptor site (SA), exactly corresponding to the coding sequence of the deleted CD20 gene (ΔCD20). Further research, along with other software suites (Netgene 2 - http://www.cbs.dtu.dk/services/NetGene2) has highlighted a branching site, located at around twenty base pairs of the acceptor site.

1. Expression of the ΔCD20 protein a. Western blot detection From cell lines of origin B, we searched by Western blot, with available anti-CD20 antibodies recognizing the C-terminal portion of the protein (Thermo Fischer, # RB9013), the presence of a truncated protein (without transmembrane part, thus cytoplasmic) coded by "spliced" transcripts. Thus, we have been able to show, in addition to the expected band corresponding to the wild-type CD20 protein, the presence of a band of expected size (-17KD) corresponding to the ΔCD20 protein. This protein is not expressed in T lines.

2. ΔCD20: diagnostic and / or prognostic molecular biomarker for blood disorders B or complication (Acute rejection, lymphomas) post kidney allograft

at. Alternative transcripts ΔCD20 and Hematopathies B

We have screened, with a qualitative PCR assay, amplifying the entire coding sequence (flCD20 PCR) of other lineages derived from B haemopathies of different types (Burkitt, LAL pre-B, B-EBV transformed) and shown that the short form of the CD20 transcript was present in all B lines and absent in T lines. We then developed a sensitive and specific PCR tool (ΔCD20 PCR), by designing a primer covering the junction site of this splicing. This new tool makes it possible to highlight only the short form of the mRNA and thus to avoid competition phenomena in PCR, incompatible with high sensitivity. Using this more efficient PCR tool, we searched for the short form of CD20 on PBMCs or to be more sensitive to CD19 + or CD20 + B cells from 5 healthy donors without being able to detect it. The research specificity of the truncated transcript, thanks to our sensitive PCR tool showed a positive signal on the lines and a negative signal on the PBMCs, suggesting the presence of this splicing mechanism in EBV-transformed cells, in malignant cells and absence in normal B cells. This truncated form of CD20 RNA is therefore the signature of a state of activation of B cells associated with its malignant phenotype.

b. Quantification to the diagnosis of ΔCD20 in different types of blood disorders B

To illustrate the possibility of using the quantification of ΔCD20 transcripts in the diagnosis of certain hemopathies, we applied our QRTPCR assay on different types of hemopathies B. Quantification of both forms (full length and truncated) was performed against a serial dilution range, of known quantity, of standard plasmids bearing the wt or Δde CD20 forms. The calculation of the ratio R = [ΔCD20 / (wtCD20 + ΔCD20)] x 100 makes it possible to express the relative amount of CD20 transcript relative to the wild form. We have thus been able to show a differential expression of these alternative transcripts in different hemopathies B. We have quantified the spliced form of ΔCD20 [expressed in% of ΔCD20: R = (ΔCD20 / wtCD20 + ΔCD20) x 100] in B-EBV lineages. transformed in vitro (2.9 ± 4.51%, n = 6) in cells

Purified CD19 + tonsillectomies (9 ± 2.2%, n = 7) and B-blasts produced in vitro (FLT3 ligand activation)

(14 ± 7.8%, n = 5). Interestingly, we quantified ΔCD20 at 3.6 ± 5.1% in B-ALLs (n = 27), 3.9 ± 5.3% in follicular lymphomas (n = 5); 2.9 ± 4.5% in mantle lymphomas (n = 6); 3.2 ± 2.2% in high grade lymphomas (n = 5); and 0.1 ± 0.2% in B-CLL (n = 8).

vs. ΔCD20: Residual disease marker (MRD)

Another possibility would be to use our real-time PCR quantification assay to monitor the efficacy of treatment (eg, chemotherapy with or without Rituximab-Rx). This test is ideal for blood disorders that do not have characteristic molecular or phenotypic markers. The kinetics of ΔCD20 quantification were compared with the expression of standard molecular markers such as BCR / ABL transcripts (pl90) and cyclin D1 respectively in the case of LAL-B and mantle lymphoma. We have shown a correlation between the usual markers (cyclin Dl and BCR / Abl pl90) and ΔCD20.

3. ΔCD20 protein, potential therapeutic target a. Resistance to an anti-CD20 antibody

(Rituximab)

In vitro resistance to Rx was established from B lines, exposing them at different doses and times. In vitro sensitivity tests were used to verify the acquisition of resistance.

Very interestingly, we have shown by western blot an intensification of the signal of the truncated form of the CD20 protein as a function of the acquisition of resistance to Rx of the population. In particular, we quantified mRNA encoding ΔCD20 in the cells of patients with follicular lymphoma (n = 3) or mantle cell lymphoma (n = 3). We observed that the acquisition of Rituximab resistance was, in each case, correlated with an increase in the amount of mRNA encoding ΔCD20 (mean x3.38)

b. Construction of oligopeptides specific for ΔCD20.

Thus, from the translation of the ΔCD20 mRNA sequence, we used the SYFPEITHI base (http://www.uni-tuebingen.de/uni/kxi/) to draw overlapping peptides (AA30 to AA39) the junction area of alternative splicing and therefore specific to the form ΔCD20). Thanks to a predictive tool of proteasome cleavage (http://paproc.de), 2 peptides (N ° 4-RMS and N ° 7-SLE) potentially immunogenic interesting, because potentially prepared by the proteoasome enzymes and restricted to HLA-A * 0201 were highlighted.

Peptides corresponding to these sequences were synthesized by MILLEGEN (LABEGE, France), then dissolved in 20% DMSO and stored at -80 ^° C.

The binding affinity of the peptides thus identified for the relevant MHC molecule, as well as the stability of the peptide / molecule complex of MHC I was verified in vitro (data not shown).

vs. Induction of a cytotoxic T response by peptide vaccination

L ¹ ΔCD20a immunogenicity of peptides was evaluated by generating CTLs in transgenic mice HLA-A2 / DR1 and Knock-Out (KO) for H-2 class I and II.

The mice (4 per group) are immunized with pools of 2 or 3 peptides (2 injections at the base of the tail at 8 days apart) with: 50 μg of each peptide, 100 μg of peptide helper (20-mer peptide from of CMV-specific pp65) all co-emulsified with Freud's incomplete adjuvant.

Seven days after the second immunization, the spleens of the mice are removed and the splenocytes are re-stimulated in vitro with 4 μg / ml of each peptide separately. On day 5 of culture, the responding populations are tested for specific cytotoxicity. Cells, whose cytotoxicity has been shown to be conclusive, are restimulated in vitro at weekly intervals to obtain specific CTLs.

RMAS-HHD cells are used as targets for studying cytotoxicity. These target cells are loaded with 10 μg / ml of the test peptide, or a non-relevant control peptide, at 37 ^° C. for 90 minutes and then labeled with 100 μCi of 51 Cr for 90 minutes, then washed three times. The splenocytes are plated in 96-well V-bottom plates (3 × 10 3 cells / well in 100 μl of RPMI 1640 + 10% fetal calf serum). Then, 100 μl of the effector cells (ratio of effector cells / target cells = 30: 1, 10: 1, 3: 1 and 1: 1) are added to the wells and the plates are incubated at 37 ^° C. for 4 hours. After incubation, 50 .mu.l of supernatant are collected, transferred to specific plates (Lumaplate) and the radioactivity is measured in a γ counter. The percentage of specific lysis is calculated by the formula: [(51 Cr release experimental - 51 Cr release spontaneous) / (51 Cr release maximum - 51 Cr release spontaneous)] * 100. Three out of 4 group mice Immunization A clearly developed a cytotoxic T response against peptide No. 4 and no response against an EBV specific third BMLF1 peptide, thus indicating the specificity of the response. These results show that immunization with the RMS peptide generates CTLs that kill the RMAS-HHD targets loaded with this same peptide, but not the cells loaded with the irrelevant peptide. This work clearly shows that we were able to obtain an anti-ΔCD20 CTL response that could be used to improve the anti-CD20 antibody treatment and prevent or eliminate the persistence of CD20 + tumor B cells (expressing the ΔCD20 protein).

4. Directed mutagenesis production of a CD20 coding sequence that can not undergo alternative splicing. We have therefore begun to mutate the wild-type sequence of the human CD20 gene, in order to limit the formation of these alternative transcripts. The mutation of the acceptor site in order to modify the nucleotide sequence and preserve the reading frame and thus the amino acid sequence - maintains AA GIn, coded by the codon CAG or CAA. The mutation was made at nucleotide 612

(coordinated from the first base of the ATG codon - start): -nt612G> A. After site-directed mutagenesis, we were able to verify, by sequencing, the mutation of a single base pair at the acceptor site. Finally, we were able to demonstrate that the mutated CD20 gene sequence (mutCD20) no longer generated an alternative transcript. Flow cytometric analysis of CD20 expression proves that the expression is maintained and that the protein is effectively expressed on the membrane.

Claims

1 - A recombinant vector comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding a polypeptide, having an amino acid sequence substantially identical to that of SEQ ID NO: 2, under the control of one or more elements necessary for its expression in a host cell .

2- A recombinant vector according to claim 1 characterized in that said polypeptide has an amino acid sequence substantially identical to that of SEQ ID NO: 2.

3- A recombinant vector according to one of claims 1 to 2 characterized in that said polypeptide does not comprise a sequence of at least twenty consecutive amino acids selected from the sequence of twenty consecutive amino acids present between the amino acid in position 43 and the amino acid at position 209 of SEQ ID NO: 4.

4 - A recombinant vector according to one of claims 1 to 3 characterized in that said nucleic acid sequence comprises a nucleic acid sequence identical to SEQ ID NO: 1.

5 - A recombinant vector according to one of claims 1 to 4 characterized in that said nucleic acid sequence is identical to SEQ ID NO: 1.

The recombinant vector according to claim 1, characterized in that it is selected from the group comprising plasmids and viral vectors.

7 - The recombinant vector according to claim 6 characterized in that it is a viral vector selected from the group comprising adenoviral vectors, retroviral vectors, poxviral vectors, vectors derived from herpes viruses, vectors derived from viruses associated with adenoviruses and vectors derived from alphaviruses. 8 - The recombinant vector of claim 6 characterized in that it is associated with one or more components facilitating its introduction into a host cell.

9 - The recombinant vector of claim 8 characterized in that the component facilitating its introduction into a host cell is selected from the group comprising cationic lipids, calcium salts, cationic polymers and polypeptides.

The recombinant vector according to one of Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the element necessary for its expression in a host cell is chosen from the group comprising the introns, the polyadenylation sites and the promoters.

11 - An in vitro diagnostic method from a biological sample of a patient characterized in that it comprises measuring the level of expression of a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence substantially identical to that of SEQ ID NO: 2 and / or an mRNA encoding a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence substantially identical to that of SEQ ID NO: 2.

12 - The in vitro diagnostic method according to claim 11 characterized in that said measurement of the level of expression of the mRNA is made by quantitative RT-PCR, semi-quantitative RT-PCR, real-time quantitative RT-PCR blot or by the microarray technique.

13 - In vitro diagnostic method according to one of claims 11 to 12 characterized in that said measurement of the level of expression of a polypeptide and / or mRNA is the measurement of the level of expression of a polypeptide and / or mRNA within B cells.

14- The in vitro diagnostic method according to one of claims 11 to 13 characterized in that said the Measuring the level of expression of a polypeptide is done by an immunological method.

15 - The in vitro diagnostic method according to one of claims 11 to 14 characterized in that it further comprises a step wherein said polypeptide is contacted with an antibody specific for said polypeptide.

16 - The in vitro diagnostic method according to one of claims 14 to 15 characterized in that said immunological method is selected from the group comprising ELISA, flow cytometry and Western blot.

17 - The in vitro diagnostic method according to one of claims 11 to 16 characterized in that it further comprises a step for increasing the proportion of B lymphocytes compared to other cells present in the biological sample.

18 - The diagnostic method according to one of claims 11 to 17 characterized in that it is a method of diagnosis of a pathology related to a dysfunction of one or more B lymphocytes of the patient.

19 - The diagnostic method according to claim 18 characterized in that the pathology related to a dysfunction of one or more B lymphocytes is selected from the group comprising hemopathies B, follicular lymphoma (LF), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). ), Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia B (LAL), Mantle Lymphoma (LM), B Lymphoma, Myeloma, and Waldenstrom's Disease (WM).

A diagnostic kit comprising at least one antibody specific for the polypeptide having an amino acid sequence substantially identical to that of SEQ ID NO: 2. A diagnostic kit comprising at least one oligonucleotide probe specific for the mRNA encoding a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence substantially identical to that of SEQ ID NO: 2.

22 - The diagnostic kit according to claim 23 characterized in that it comprises at least one oligonucleotide comprising a sequence identical to SEQ ID NO: 14 or SEQ ID NO: 17.

23 - The diagnostic kit according to claim 22 characterized in that it comprises at least one oligonucleotide having a sequence identical to SEQ ID NO: 14 or SEQ ID NO: 17.

24 - In vitro use of a diagnostic kit according to one of claims 20 to 23 for the detection of a pathology related to a disfunction of one or more B lymphocytes.

The in vitro use of a diagnostic kit according to claim 24, characterized in that the pathology related to a dysfunction of one or more B lymphocytes is chosen from the group comprising hemopathies B and follicular lymphomas (LF). , Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL), Acute B-cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL), Mantle Lymphoma (LM), B-cell Lymphoma, Myeloma, and Waldenstrom's Disease (WM).

26 - In vitro use of a diagnostic kit according to one of claims 20 to 23 for evaluating the effectiveness of a treatment comprising the use of an anti-CD20 antibody.

27 - In vitro use of a diagnostic kit according to claim 26 characterized in that the anti-CD20 antibody is Rituximab.

28 - Use of all or part of a polypeptide having a substantially amino acid sequence identical to that of SEQ ID NO: 2, all or part of a nucleic acid sequence encoding a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence substantially identical to that of SEQ ID NO: 2 or all or part of a recombinant vector according to one of claims 1 to 10 for the preparation of a medicament.

The use according to claim 28 characterized in that said polypeptide comprises at least one sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 11 SEQ ID NO: 12 and SEQ ID NO: 13.

The use according to claim 28 characterized in that said polypeptide consists of a polypeptide having a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9 , SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 11 SEQ ID NO: 12 and SEQ ID NO: 13.

31 - Use of a nucleic acid sequence encoding a polypeptide comprising at least one sequence chosen from the group comprising SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 11 SEQ ID NO: 12 and SEQ ID NO: 13 for the preparation of a medicament.

32 - Use of a nucleic acid sequence encoding a polypeptide having a sequence consisting of a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 11 SEQ ID NO: 12 and SEQ ID NO: 13 for the preparation of a medicament.

The use according to claim 29 or 31 characterized in that said polypeptide comprises at least one sequence such as SEQ ID NO: 9.

The use according to claim 30 or 32 characterized in that said polypeptide consists of a polypeptide having a sequence such as SEQ ID NO: 9.

Use according to one of claims 28 to 34 for improving the efficacy of a treatment comprising the use of an anti-CD20 antibody.

36 - Use according to claim 35 characterized in that the anti-CD20 antibody is Rituximab.

A polypeptide having a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 11 SEQ ID NO : 12 and SEQ ID NO: 13.

38 - A nucleic acid sequence encoding CD20 characterized in that it comprises a sequence such as SEQ ID NO: 5.

39 - The sequence according to claim 38 characterized in that it consists of a sequence such as SEQ ID NO: 5.

A recombinant vector comprising a nucleic acid sequence according to one of claims 38 to 39 placed under the control of one or more elements necessary for its expression in a host cell.

The recombinant vector according to claim 40, characterized in that it is chosen from the group comprising plasmids and viral vectors.

The recombinant vector according to claim 41, characterized in that it is a viral vector selected from the group consisting of adenoviral vectors, retroviral vectors, poxviral vectors, vectors derived from herpes viruses, vectors derived from viruses associated with adenoviruses and vectors derived from alphaviruses.

43 - The recombinant vector according to claim 41 characterized in that it is associated with one or more components facilitating its introduction into a host cell.

44. The recombinant vector according to claim 43, characterized in that the component facilitating its introduction into a host cell is chosen from the group comprising cationic lipids, calcium salts, cationic polymers and polypeptides.

The recombinant vector according to one of claims 40 to 44, characterized in that the element necessary for its expression in a host cell is chosen from the group comprising introns, polyadenylation sites and promoters.

46 - Use of a nucleic acid sequence according to one of claims 38 to 39 or a recombinant vector according to one of claims 40 to 45 for the preparation of a drug.

Uses according to claim 46 for improving the efficacy of a treatment comprising the use of an anti-CD20 antibody.

48 - Use according to claim 47 characterized in that the anti-CD20 antibody is Rituximab.