WO2010055582A1

WO2010055582A1 - Radiation reactor for endothermic reaction

Info

Publication number: WO2010055582A1
Application number: PCT/JP2008/070824
Authority: WO
Inventors: 正康坂井
Original assignee: バイオマスエナジー株式会社
Priority date: 2008-11-16
Filing date: 2008-11-16
Publication date: 2010-05-20

Abstract

A reactor which comprises: an adiabatic chamber (111); a gasification chamber (103) disposed in the adiabatic chamber (111); a first-gasifiable-substance introduction means (112) which introduces a first gasifiable substance (105) into the gasification chamber (103); a second-gasifiable-substance introduction means (113) which introduces a second gasifiable substance (106) into the gasification chamber (103); a perforated object (115) which has through-holes extending vertically and by which the gasification chamber is separated into upper and lower parts; an ash discharge means (116) by which ashes (108) generated in the gasification chamber are discharged outside; and a product-gas discharge means (117) by which a product gas (102) generated in the gasification chamber is discharged outside. Thus, the first gasifiable substance (105) and second gasifiable substance (106) introduced into the gasification chamber can be caused to thermochemically undergo an endothermic reaction and gasified.

Description

Radiation endothermic reactor

The present invention relates to an apparatus for thermochemically endothermically reacting and gasifying a gasification target using radiant energy, and in particular, the main components of the gasification target are an organic compound and water, more specifically. The organic compounds are so-called biomass such as herbs and woods, agricultural or food organic waste, or organic waste such as waste plastics and waste oil, and these organic compounds are gasified by radiation endothermic reaction. The present invention relates to a radiation endothermic reaction apparatus or a radiation endothermic reaction furnace for obtaining a product gas mainly composed of hydrogen and carbon monoxide.

Originally, the energy conversion of solid biomass mainly used heat by direct combustion. However, in the case of such energy conversion by direct combustion using solid biomass as fuel, it has been difficult to use advanced energy. For example, in the case of generating power using heat generated by direct combustion of solid biomass fuel, steam turbine power generation is employed in which steam is generated by a wood chip boiler and the turbine is rotated by the energy of the steam to generate power. However, the actual plant has a power generation efficiency of 8 to 12% at a scale of 1000 to 3000 kW, and a power output cannot be obtained in a small plant of about 100 kW. In addition, solid biomass fuels have poor storage properties due to changes in dryness due to moisture absorption, have a large occupied volume, are unsuitable for transportation and storage, and lack versatility.

As is clear from these facts, it is indispensable to convert solid biomass into liquid fuel for advanced utilization of biomass energy. It is desirable from the viewpoints of stabilization, volume reduction, weight reduction, improvement in transportability and storage, and improvement in versatility by using fuel for various internal combustion engine prime movers such as automobiles, motorcycles and generators.

From these perspectives, a biomass liquid fuel technology that directly converts solid biomass into liquid fuel without using solid biomass as a solid fuel for direct combustion has been developed. As such conventional biomass liquid fuel technology, for example, Patent Literature 1 and Patent Literature 2 can be cited. These techniques use only components such as sugar and starch in biomass as a raw material, and obtain a liquid fuel containing ethanol as a main component by fermenting those components.

However, there is a problem that parts other than components such as sugar and starch of biomass used as a raw material are considered as non-fuelable waste. In addition, edible plants such as sugar cane and corn are suitable as raw material biomass for efficiently obtaining sugars and starches. There is a problem that the amount of harvest is small. In these respects, biodiesel oil fuel obtained by esterification by adding methanol to vegetable oil has the same problem.

In view of conventional problems such as these, that is, low conversion efficiency of biomass energy and general versatility, or various problems such as competition with edible raw material biomass and low cultivated area equivalent yield, Up to now, development of gasification technology, which forms the core of technology for advanced use of biomass energy, has been promoted mainly by the present inventors. The gasification technology is to perform gasification of various biomasses as raw materials, and to obtain a product gas that can be used as a fuel gas or to synthesize a required liquid fuel Is to get.

As conventional examples of the gasification technique, there are techniques of Patent Document 3 and Patent Document 4. The core of these conventional gasification technologies is that they employ a partial oxidation method in which biomass is semi-burned at less than the theoretical amount of air or oxygen. However, according to this method, a large amount of soot and tar is generated, and the exhaust gas used for heat generation is mixed into the product gas, so that a high-quality product gas cannot be obtained.

On the other hand, in recent years, the present inventors have developed a floating external heat gasification method capable of obtaining a high calorie and clean fuel gas suitable for a power generation gas engine using biomass. The contents are disclosed in Patent Documents 5 to 7. The techniques disclosed in Patent Documents 5 to 7 are required by using biomass as a fuel and a raw material, burning the fuel biomass to obtain a high-temperature gas, and using the heat to heat the raw material biomass for gasification The main purpose is to obtain the product gas.

The technique disclosed in Patent Document 5 has a biomass combustion space and a biomass gasification space separated from each other, and a complete combustion hot gas formed by completely combusting fuel biomass obtained from the combustion space, By uniformly supplying the gasification space through the through holes, the raw material biomass in the gasification space is uniformly gasified.
This makes it possible to gasify the biomass by controlling the exothermic reaction between fuel biomass and oxygen in the combustion space and the endothermic reaction of the raw material biomass in the gasification space. It became possible to obtain gas.
However, in this gasification technology, many fine holes must be processed, and uniform gasification of the raw material biomass depends on the complete combustion gas supplied to the gasification space through the plurality of holes. For this reason, there is a problem that carbon dioxide gas and nitrogen gas are mixed in the produced gas in a large amount without being quantitatively controlled, thereby reducing the quality of the produced gas.

Although the techniques disclosed in Patent Document 6 and Patent Document 7 generally solve the problems of the technique of Patent Document 5, they have technical problems to be solved or improved including the following points.
The first disadvantage is that the biomass raw material for gasification must be powder of 3 mm or less, and the necessary grinding power is large, and in addition, the coarse powder of 10-20 mm or more causes trouble. Is a point.
A second disadvantage is that the water vapor supplied to the gasification space leaks from the powder supply port for supplying the raw biomass powder to the gasification space and communicates with the powder supply port. Condensation causes the raw material biomass powder to be highly hydrated, making it difficult to supply the powder smoothly, and significantly reducing the gasification capacity of the gasification reaction chamber because of the latent heat of water.
The third drawback is that the composition of the resulting product gas has a low hydrogen content, is not suitable as a fuel gas, and is insufficient for use as a raw material gas for synthesizing methanol, GTL, or the like as it is. That is the point.
JP 2004-208667 A JP 2004-337099 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-263767 JP 2001-240878 A JP 2002-88379 A JP 2004-51717 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2004-51718

In view of the above problems, the present invention enables advanced utilization of biomass energy, such as improvement of conversion efficiency of biomass energy and improvement of general-purpose utility, or from the present state of dependence on fossil fuels in modern society. It was created to meet the strong needs of the era when we wanted the technology to enable the supply of fossil fuel alternative energy for molting, and weeds represented by weeds, etc. An object of the present invention is to provide a radiation endothermic reaction apparatus that can use an organic compound such as solid biomass such as a raw material for obtaining a required product gas.

In addition, the present invention makes it possible to use organic compounds as described above, which have not been regarded as useful in the past, as raw materials, and to use them without pulverizing them, and it contains almost no soot and tar and has high purity. An object of the present invention is to provide a radiation endothermic reactor capable of obtaining a product gas mainly composed of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. Further, the present invention can use the obtained produced gas as it is as a driving source of a gas engine or a gas turbine as it is a relatively small device. It aims at providing the radiation endothermic reaction apparatus which can be made more efficient than the large sized steam turbine power generator using the steam turbine made.

In order to achieve the above object, the radiation endothermic reaction apparatus of the present invention comprises a gasification chamber for gasifying a gasification object by heating with an appropriate heating means, and an appropriate gas phase inside the gasification chamber. And the gasification object is composed of a first gasification product containing an organic compound as a main component and a second gasification product containing water as a main component, and the first gasification product is contained in the gasification chamber. In addition, the gasification chamber is heated by an appropriate heating means so that the second gasification product is in a gas phase to fill the gasification chamber with water vapor and radiate from the solid present on the gasification chamber side. The energy is released into the gasification chamber, the first gasification product is heated in a steam atmosphere in the gasification chamber, and the first gasification product and the second gasification product are subjected to thermochemical endothermic reaction. Configured to produce gas It is characterized in.

It is preferable that the heating means can obtain an appropriate amount of heat without burning fuel in the gasification chamber. The heating in the gasification chamber by the heating means is preferably by radiation or heat conduction. The heating of the gasification chamber by this heating means may be performed from the outside of the gasification chamber. The heating means is preferably the high-temperature gas obtained from a high-temperature gas generator that burns grasses or woods to generate a high-temperature gas in the combustion system.
The gasification chamber may be disposed in a heat insulating chamber configured to suppress heat in and out of the room. The solid existing inside the gasification chamber may be a substance constituting the inner wall of the gasification chamber, or a multi-hole body that vertically defines the gasification chamber, where the multi-hole body is You may have the several hole thru | or hole which connected. The gasification chamber can be provided with a first gasification material introduction means for introducing the first gasification material into the gasification chamber. Moreover, the gasification chamber may be provided with a second gasification material introduction means for introducing the second gasification material into the gasification chamber.
The first gasified substance introducing means has a first gasified substance introduction port for introducing the first gasified substance into the gasification chamber, and the first gasified substance introduction port is disposed at the upper part of the gasification chamber. May be. Further, the first gasified product may be introduced into the gasification chamber from the upper side to the lower side of the gasification chamber through the first gasified product inlet. The second gasified substance introduction means has a second gasified substance introduction port for introducing the second gasified substance into the gasification chamber, and the second gasified substance introduction port is disposed at the lower part of the gasification chamber. May be. The second gasified product is preferably introduced into the gasification chamber from the lower side to the upper side of the gasification chamber through the second gasified product inlet. The second gasification product is preferably heated in advance to a predetermined temperature and introduced into the gasification chamber as superheated steam. The introduction amount of the second gasified product introduced into the gasification chamber is preferably controlled so as to be 0.6 or more in terms of the weight ratio with respect to the dry weight of the first gasified product introduced into the gasification chamber. . The temperature in the gasification chamber is preferably maintained at 800 ° C. or higher, more preferably 1000 ° C. or higher to cause an endothermic reaction. The gasification chamber preferably has a gasification chamber wall temperature of 800 ° C. when the ashless first gasification product introduced into the gasification chamber is 1 kg / h. When the surface area is set to 0.008 m ² or more and the temperature of the gasification chamber wall is set to 1000 ° C., the surface area of the gasification chamber wall is set to 0.004 m ² or more.
The gasification chamber includes a first gasification chamber disposed on the upstream side and a second gasification chamber disposed on the downstream side of the first gasification chamber. The gasification chamber and the second gasification chamber may communicate with each other. The second gasification chamber is preferably cylindrical. The gasification target object may include a third gasification product containing carbon dioxide as a main component. The product gas is preferably mainly composed of one or more substances selected from hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane, and ethylene.

The radiation endothermic reactor of the present invention has not been regarded as useful in the past for weeds, thinned wood, etc. by gasifying the raw material in an oxygen-free or low-oxygen state where oxygen is not actively introduced under superheated steam atmosphere. A wide variety of organic waste such as organic waste, such as organic plastics, waste plastic, waste oil, waste paper, manure, leftovers, tofu shells, and other types of food waste such as sake lees The compound can be employed as a gasification raw material, that is, a gasification target, and a product gas with very little soot and tar can be obtained while using these organic compounds as a gasification raw material.

The radiation endothermic reaction apparatus of the present invention appropriately sets the surface area in the gasification chamber, and correspondingly holds the gasification chamber at an appropriate temperature so that the second gasification product with respect to the dry weight of the first gasification product By controlling the weight ratio of these to a predetermined value, a product gas having a required composition mainly composed of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane, ethylene, carbon dioxide, water, etc. is obtained from an appropriate organic compound as a raw material. Since the gasification chamber is composed of the first gasification chamber and the second gasification chamber arranged in communication with the downstream side, soot and tar are almost completely decomposed or gasified. A product gas with very few impurities can be obtained. The obtained product gas can be used in a gas engine that uses kinetic energy or heat energy at the time of combustion, or a boiler that uses waste heat of the product gas as a heat source. Further, the subsequent generated gas can be used as a fuel gas that enables high-temperature combustion comparable to fossil fuels, or as a raw material gas for synthesizing liquid fuels such as methanol and GTL.

The radiant endothermic reaction device of the present invention defines a top and bottom of a gasification chamber by disposing a multi-hole body having a plurality of holes communicating with the top and bottom in the gasification chamber. The gasified product can be introduced from the upper part of the gasification chamber, and the second gasified product can be supplied as an upward flow from the lower part of the multi-hole body. In this case, if the first gasified product is set to have a diameter of about 2 cm or less and the second gasified product is superheated steam, the first gasified product can be completely gasified while falling in the room. The residue of this first gasified product can be gasified in a long time, but the product gas composition can be generated when the first gasified product is used as a raw material. A product gas having a high hydrogen concentration can be obtained as well as a gas. Therefore, it is possible to almost completely gasify the organic compound that is the object to be gasified without pulverizing it, no pulverization is required, and the pulverization cost can be reduced.

The radiation endothermic reaction apparatus of the present invention comprises a gasification chamber made of a material having high thermal conductivity and high radiation, and the gasification chamber is disposed in the heat insulation chamber, thereby improving the thermal efficiency and improving the gas efficiency. The energy required for the thermochemical endothermic reaction accompanying the gasification of the gasification object in the gasification chamber depends on the radiation energy from the inner wall and other solids existing in the gasification chamber and the contact with the inner wall and solid surface. It is possible to transmit by heat conduction and to supply the amount of heat necessary for this energy transfer by an external heating means. Thus, the radiation endothermic reaction apparatus of the present invention is obtained by burning an electric heating means utilizing a thermoelectric effect or a fossil fuel combustion heating means utilizing heat obtained by combustion of fossil fuel, or waste plastic or waste paper. Appropriate heating means such as waste combustion heating means using heat or biomass combustion heating means using heat obtained by burning biomass fuel is adopted as heating means for heating the gasification chamber. I can do it.
Further, in the radiation endothermic reaction device of the present invention, since the chemical reaction related to the gasification of the gasification object in the gasification chamber is an endothermic reaction, a part of the thermal energy supplied from the outside by the heating means is There is an effect that the chemical potential of the product gas can be stored in the product gas.

It is a conceptual diagram showing the basic composition and operation principle of embodiment of the radiation endothermic reaction apparatus of this invention. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a configuration of a radiation endothermic reaction device of Example 1. FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a configuration of a radiation endothermic reaction device of Example 2. FIG.

Explanation of symbols

1: Radiation endothermic reactor, 2: Product gas, 3: Gasification chamber, 4: Radiant energy, 5: First gasification, 6: Second gasification, 7: Heat, 8: Ash, 9: Partition 10: Gasification space,
101: Radiation endothermic reaction device, 102: Product gas, 103: Gasification chamber, 104: Radiant energy, 105: First gasification, 106 Second gasification, 107: Heat, 108: Ash, 109: Partition wall, 110: Gasification space, 111: Thermal insulation chamber, 112: First gasified material introducing means, 113: Second gasified material introducing means, 114: Through hole, 115: Multi-hole body, 116: Ash content discharging means, 117: Product gas Discharge means, 118: first gasified inlet, 119: second gasified inlet, 120: product gas outlet, 121: ash outlet, 122: communication port, 123: pipe, 124: outlet, 125: screw 126: Screw feeder, 127: Cylindrical body, 128: Actuator, 129: Hopper, 130: Inlet, 131: Communication port, 132: Pipe, 13 : Communicating port 134: Pipe, 135: communication port, 136: pipe,
201: Radiation endothermic reaction device, 202: Product gas, 203: Gasification chamber, 203a: First gasification chamber, 203b: Second gasification chamber, 204: Radiant energy, 205: First gasification product, 206 : Second gasified product, 207: high temperature gas, 208: ash, 209: partition wall, 210a: primary gasification space, 210b: secondary gasification space, 211: heat insulation chamber, 212: first gasified gas introduction means, 213: Second gasified substance introducing means, 214: through-hole, 215: multi-hole body, 216: ash discharging means, 218: first gasified inlet, 219: second gasified inlet, 220: product gas outlet, 221 : Ash discharge port, 222: communication port, 223: pipe, 224: outlet, 225: screw, 226: screw feeder, 227: cylindrical body, 228: actuator, 22 : Hopper, 230: inlet, 231: communication port, 232: pipe, 233: communication port, 235: communication port, 236: pipe, 237: product gas outlet, 238: product gas inlet port, 239: shielding plate, 240 : Hot gas inlet, 241: hot gas outlet, 242: flow path, 243: communication port

Hereinafter, a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIG. The radiation endothermic reaction apparatus 1 in the present embodiment uses an organic compound such as biomass or organic waste and water as a gasification target, that is, a main raw material, and thermochemically endothermicly reacts them with those raw materials. FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram showing the basic configuration and operating principle of an apparatus for obtaining a product gas 2 mainly composed of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane, ethylene or the like.

As shown in FIG. 1, the basic configuration of the radiant endothermic reaction apparatus 1 of the present embodiment includes a gasification chamber 3 for gasifying a gasification target object therein, and a solid that is present inside the gasification chamber 3. With. 1 to 3, the radiant energy 4 in the gasification chamber 3 is schematically represented by a thin black arrow (→), and the first gasification product 5, the second gasification product 6, and the gasification are shown. The heat 7, the generated gas 2, the ash 8, and the high temperature gas supplied to the chamber 3 are schematically represented by thick white arrows (⇒).

The gasification target consists of a first gasification product 5 and a second gasification product 6. The first gasified product 5 is so-called biomass such as weeds represented by weeds and woods including thinned wood, or so-called biomass or waste plastic, waste oil, waste paper, manure, leftovers, tofu husk and sake lees It contains a wide range of organic compounds, such as agricultural or food-based foods represented by straw, etc., and other organic wastes, and is mainly composed of organic compounds contained therein. The second gasification product 6 is mainly composed of water.

The gasification chamber 3 is separated from the outside by a partition wall 9. A gasification space 10 having a predetermined volume and surface area is formed inside the gasification chamber 3, and an object to be gasified is inserted into the gasification chamber 3 from the outside of the gasification chamber 3. A gasification object inlet (not shown) for introducing gas and a product gas outlet (not shown) for discharging the product gas 2 generated in the gasification chamber 3 from the gasification chamber 3. ) And ash content discharging means (not shown) for discharging the ash content 8 generated in a small amount due to gasification of the gasification object in the gasification chamber 3.

The partition wall 9 constituting the gasification chamber 3 is made of a material excellent in heat resistance and thermal shock resistance, and is configured to withstand a required temperature and temperature change. As a material constituting the partition wall 9, for example, ceramics such as aluminum titanate having higher heat resistance than cordierite and more resistant to thermal shock than silicon carbide can be used. The use of such ceramics is preferable because both heat resistance and thermal shock resistance can be achieved at a practical level, and the operable temperature range of the radiation endothermic reaction apparatus 1 can be improved. Moreover, it is also possible to give the surface coating which has a metal as a main component on the surface of ceramic materials, such as aluminum titanate. As this surface coating material, for example, a high heat resistant alloy such as a high chromium / high nickel alloy can be employed.

The volume and shape of the gasification space 10 in the gasification chamber 3 can be appropriately set according to the required gasification processing amount, but the gasification space 10 is the first gas to be gasified. It is necessary to set the size and shape of a space where an appropriate amount of the chemical compound 5 can be present.

The surface area in the gasification chamber 3 can be appropriately set according to the required gasification processing amount. For example, ashless dry biomass is used as the first gasification product 5 and the supply amount is 1 kg / h. When the wall temperature of the partition wall 9 is 800 ° C., the surface area in the gasification chamber 3 is at least 0.008 m ² or more, and when the wall temperature is 1000 ° C., the surface area is at least 0.004 m ² or more. It is preferable.

The gasification object introduction port is used for introducing the first gasification product 5 into the gasification chamber 3 and the first gasification product introduction port for introducing the second gasification product 6 into the gasification chamber 3. It can be divided into two inlets, the second gasification inlet and the second gasifier inlet. The first gasified inlet and the second gasified inlet can be appropriately set in diameter, shape, and the like according to the required gasification amount. Of course, the first gasified gas inlet and the second gasified gas inlet are capable of introducing appropriate amounts of the first gasified gas 5 and the second gasified gas 6 into the gasification chamber 3, respectively. Other than that, it is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to devise the respective arrangement position and configuration in order to improve the gasification capacity.

The generated gas discharge port can be appropriately set in diameter, shape, etc. according to the required gasification amount. Of course, the generated gas discharge port is not particularly limited as long as it can discharge the required generated gas 2 generated in the gasification chamber 3 to the outside of the gasification chamber 3. It is preferable to devise the configuration in order to improve the gasification capacity or to further increase the purity.

The ash discharge means is set in the gasification chamber 3 in accordance with the required gasification processing amount, and the ash 8 generated in a small amount due to gasification of the gasification target in the gasification chamber 3 is gasified. It is for discharging outside the chemical conversion chamber 3. The ash content discharge means is not particularly limited as long as it can efficiently discharge or take out the ash content 8 generated in the gasification chamber 3 to the outside of the gasification chamber 3.

When the radiation endothermic reaction apparatus 1 of the present invention configured as described above is used, the gasification chamber 3 is heated by an appropriate heating means.
As this heating means, various conventionally known heating means can be used. For example, when the gasification chamber 3 is heated from the outside of the gasification chamber 3, it is heated using an electric heating means that uses the thermoelectric effect or heat obtained by combustion of fossil fuel. Heating using fossil fuel combustion heating means, waste combustion heating means for heating using the heat obtained by burning waste plastic or paper, or heat obtained by burning biomass fuel One or more heating means selected from appropriate heating means such as biomass combustion heating means can be employed as the heating means for heating the gasification chamber 3. Further, the heating means can be configured not only to heat from the outside of the gasification chamber 3 but also to heat from the inside of the gasification chamber 3.

The inside of the gasification chamber 3 is maintained at a required temperature, preferably 800 ° C. or more, more preferably 1000 ° C. or more, by heating the gasification chamber 3 with a heating means. At this time, if the partition wall 9 constituting the gasification chamber 3 is made of a ceramic such as aluminum titanate or a high heat-resistant alloy such as a high chromium / high nickel alloy as described above, the temperature in the gasification chamber 3 It is possible to increase the thermochemical reaction temperature for gasifying the gasification target object in the gasification chamber 3 and to provide a margin for operating temperature fluctuations. Thus, the gasification reaction temperature can be selected more freely.

Accordingly, for example, when increasing the hydrogen generation rate by increasing the ratio of hydrogen in the composition of the product gas 2, it is required to gasify the gasification target at a higher temperature. Without being constrained, the operable temperature of the radiation endothermic reaction apparatus 1 can be set to a higher temperature, and as a result, the amount of hydrogen generation can be increased.

In the gasification chamber 3, the first gasification product 5 is introduced from the first gasification material introduction port while maintaining the gasification chamber 3 at a required temperature. The first gasified product 5 is preferably coarsely pulverized to about 2 cm or less for gasification treatment. Further, the gasification chamber 3 can be provided with a first gasification material introduction means for efficiently introducing the first gasification material 5 into the gasification chamber 3. When employing a pulverized or finely pulverized product, for example, a screw feeder can be employed as the first gasified product introducing means.

In the gasification chamber 3, the first gasification product 5 is made to exist by an appropriate method using the first gasification material introduction means and the like, and the first gasification product 3 is introduced into the gasification chamber 3 from the second gasification material inlet. A second gasified product 6 is introduced. At this time, the second gasified product 6 is preheated and introduced as superheated steam before being introduced into the gasification chamber 3 through the second gasified product inlet, and the superheated steam is introduced into the gasification chamber 3. The thermal efficiency can be improved, and the gasification capacity can be remarkably improved, which is preferable.

In the radiant endothermic reaction apparatus 1 of the present invention, the gasification object introduction port can be separately provided as the first gasification product introduction port and the second gasification product introduction port. Thereby, the introduction amount of the first gasification product 5 and the introduction amount of the second gasification product 6 introduced into the gasification chamber 3 can be individually controlled.

The inside of the gasification chamber 3 into which the second gasified product 6 has been introduced is an overheated steam atmosphere. Further, when the first gasified product 5 is introduced into the gasification chamber 3, it is preferable not to mix oxygen and air. For example, the first gasified product 5 is introduced from the first gasified product inlet. When introducing the gasification chamber 3, an inert gas such as nitrogen gas or carbon dioxide gas may be fed. In this way, the gasification chamber 3 is filled with superheated steam, and oxygen or air is not actively introduced into the gasification chamber 3, but rather oxygen and air do not enter the gasification chamber. As a result, the gasification chamber 3 is brought into an oxygen-free or low-oxygen state. When carbon dioxide is used as the feed gas, this can be regarded as the third gasified product.

When the gasification chamber 3 is heated by a suitable superheating means, the solid surface existing inside the gasification chamber 3, that is, from the surface of the partition wall 9 constituting the gasification chamber 3, Radiant energy 4 is emitted toward the. Therefore, the first gasified product 5 introduced into the gasification chamber 3 exists in the superheated steam atmosphere in the gasification chamber 3 and is heated to a required temperature, preferably 800 ° C. or higher, while being gasified chamber 3. 3 receives the radiant energy 4 released in the interior. The first gasified product 5 that has received the radiant energy 4 under superheated steam undergoes a thermochemical endothermic reaction with the superheated steam that is the second gasified product 6 and changes to the required product gas.

In this endothermic reaction, the required amount of water vapor as the second gasified product 6 varies depending on the properties of the first gasified product 5 to be introduced. For example, when the first gasified product 5 is a general wood system, the minimum second gas necessary for this endothermic reaction can be expressed by expressing the abbreviated molecular formula with the subscript as the number of atoms as C _1.3 H ₂ O _0.9. The amount of water vapor as the compound 6 is 0.4H ₂ O, and is preferably set to 3 H ₂ O or more in practical operation.

However, since excessive moisture supply into the gasification chamber 3 reduces thermal efficiency, the weight ratio of the second gasification product 6 to the first gasification product 5 is 0.6 or more, preferably 2 or more. A typical endothermic reaction when the amount of the second gasified product 6 introduced into the gasification chamber 3 with respect to the first gasified product 5 is 3 as the biomass molar ratio is represented by the following chemical formula.
C _1.3 H ₂ O _0.9 (s) + 3H ₂ O (g) = q ₁ H ₂ (g) + q ₂ CO (g) + q ₃
CH ₄ (g) + q ₄ C ₂ H ₄ (g) + q ₅ CO ₂ (g) + q ₆ H ₂ O (g) −92 kJ

As represented by the above chemical formula, the product gas 2 has a composition mainly composed of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane, ethylene, carbon dioxide, water and the like. Q ₁ , q ₂ , q ₃ , q ₄ , q ₅ , and q _{6 on} the right side of the above chemical formula are appropriate real coefficients representing the number of molecules of the corresponding molecule, respectively.

Further, as expressed in the chemical formula above, in this endothermic reaction, it is necessary to give about 700 kcal / kg-Bio reaction heat to 1 kg of dry ashless biomass. The thermal energy given to the endothermic reaction is stored in the product gas 2 mainly composed of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane and the like.

For example, assuming that 900 ° C. radiant heat is received from the inner wall of the gasification chamber 3, the surface area of the inner wall of the gasification chamber 3 is 0.008 m ² or more, preferably 0.01 m for gasification of 1 kg / h biomass. ^The gasification reaction is established by setting it to ² or more. When it is intended to obtain the product gas 2 used as a chemical synthesis raw material such as liquid fuel by this endothermic reaction, it is advantageous that the temperature in the gasification chamber 3 is higher. in case of the 1100 ° C., the surface area of the gasification chamber 3 the inner wall relative to the biomass 1 kg / h is 0.004 m ² or more, preferably can be 0.005 m ² or more.

The generated gas 2 generated in the gasification chamber 3 is discharged out of the gasification chamber 3 through the generated gas discharge port. The product gas 2 mainly composed of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane, and the like has gas compositions such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane, etc. and their composition ratios according to the use of the product gas 2, and the gasification chamber 3. The internal temperature, the heavy ratio between the first gasified product 5 and the second gasified product 6, or the supply amount and the water content of the first gasified product 5, and the pulverization degree of the first gasified product 5 It can adjust by controlling etc.

A cyclone or the like for removing impurities such as ash and soot contained in the product gas 2 in a small amount may be connected downstream of the product gas discharge port. Thermal efficiency can also be improved by connecting waste heat boilers that generate superheated steam using the heat energy carried by the product gas 2 as a heat source and utilizing the waste heat. Alternatively, a water spray scrubber for removing excess water mixed in the product gas 2 may be connected, and the product gas 2 may be passed therethrough to remove excess moisture.

Next, a specific embodiment of the radiation endothermic reaction apparatus 101 of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. Note that the details described in the above embodiment are omitted. FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a configuration of the radiation endothermic reaction device 101 of the first embodiment. In addition, the first gasified product 105, which is a gasification target in the present embodiment, has an organic compound as a main component, and the second gasified product 106 has water as a main component.

As shown in FIG. 2, the radiation endothermic reaction apparatus 101 in the present embodiment includes a heat insulating chamber 111 for blocking heat flow inside and outside, a gasification chamber 103 disposed in the heat insulating chamber 111, First gasified substance introducing means 112 for introducing the first gasified substance 105 into the gasified chamber 103 and second gasified substance introducing means 113 for introducing the second gasified substance 106 into the gasified chamber 103. With. At an appropriate height position in the gasification chamber 103, a multi-hole body 115 having a plurality of through holes 114 communicating vertically is defined to vertically define the gasification chamber 103. Further, the gasification chamber 103 includes an ash content discharging means 116 for discharging the ash 108 generated in the gasification chamber 103 to the outside, and a generation for discharging the generated gas 102 generated in the gasification chamber 103 to the outside. A gas discharge means 117.

The heat insulation chamber 111 is for blocking the heat flow inside and outside, and is particularly configured so that the inside of the heat insulation chamber 111 can be kept at a required temperature, preferably 800 ° C. or higher, at a high temperature. As long as the heat insulation chamber 111 can surround the gasification chamber 103 disposed in the heat insulation chamber 111, it can be configured using a conventionally known heat insulation material, and the shape, size, etc. are appropriately determined. It is possible to set. Depending on the form of the heating means for heating the gasification chamber 103, a gap may be provided between the inner surface of the heat insulation chamber 111 and the outer surface of the gasification chamber 103 as shown in FIG.
In particular, in the case of employing a high-temperature gas utilization type heating means in which a high-temperature gas is supplied to the outer surface of the gasification chamber 103 as a heating means and the gasification chamber 103 is heated from the outside, the heat insulating chamber 111 and the gas It is desirable to provide a gap with the conversion chamber 103.

The heat insulation chamber 111 has a communication port 122 communicating with the inside and outside for connecting the first gasified material introduction means 112, the second gasification material introduction means 113, the product gas discharge means 117 or the ash content discharge means 116 to the outside of the heat insulation chamber 111, If necessary, 131, 133, and 135 are formed in close contact with the first gasified substance introducing means 112, the second gasified substance introducing means 113, the product gas discharging means 117, the ash content discharging means 116, and the like so as not to leak heat. To do.

Although not shown, depending on the heating means for heating the gasification chamber 103, an appropriate amount of communication ports communicating with the inside and outside of the heat insulation chamber 111 may be formed as necessary, and heat 107 May be configured to be supplied or discharged.

The gasification chamber 103 is isolated from the outside by a partition wall 109, and has a gasification space 110 having a predetermined volume and surface area inside. The outer surface of the partition wall 109 constituting the gasification chamber 103 is defined by the wall surface of the heat insulation chamber 111. It is go. The gasification chamber 103 includes a first gasification inlet 118 for introducing the first gasification product 105 into the gasification chamber 103 from the outside, and a second gasification product 106 into the gasification chamber 103 from the outside. The second gasified product inlet 119 is formed, and is connected to the first gasified product introducing unit 112 and the second gasified product introducing unit 113, respectively, and the first gasified product 105 and the second gasified product 106 are connected. The gasification object including the gas can be introduced into the gasification chamber 103.

The first gasified product inlet 118 is formed in the upper part of the gasification chamber 103, and the first gasified product 105 introduced into the gasification chamber 103 from the outside through the first gasified product inlet 118 is formed in the gasification chamber 103. It is configured so that it can fall inside and be gasified in the fall process.

The second gasified product inlet 119 is formed in the lower part of the gasification chamber 103, and the second gasified product 106 introduced into the gasification chamber 103 from the outside through the second gasified product inlet 119 is connected to the gasification chamber 103. It is configured so that it can be introduced as an upward flow.

The gasification chamber 103 has a generated gas discharge port 120 for discharging the generated gas 102 generated in the gasification chamber 103 from the gasification chamber 103, and the gasification object 103 is gasified in the gasification chamber 103. And an ash discharge port 121 for discharging the generated ash 108 in a small amount, and connected to the generated gas discharge means 117 and the ash discharge means 116, respectively, to generate the generated gas 102 and the ash 108 generated in the gasification chamber 103. It is configured so that it can be discharged to the outside.

The generated gas discharge port 120 is formed at an appropriate height position on the side surface of the gasification chamber 103, preferably at an upper position than the arrangement height position of the multi-hole body 115. On the other hand, the ash discharge port 121 is formed at the bottom of the gasification chamber 103 so as to be lower than the multi-hole body 115 and fall down by its own weight when the ash 108 is deposited so that it can be taken out to the outside. Composed.

The partition wall 109 forming the gasification chamber 103 is made of a material having excellent thermal conductivity, heat resistance, and thermal shock, makes it easy to transfer the heat 107 from the outside to the inside of the gasification chamber 103, and at a required temperature or temperature. Configure to withstand change. The volume and shape of the gasification space 110 in the gasification chamber 103 can be appropriately set according to the required gasification processing amount, but the gasification space 110 is the first gas to be gasified. The size and shape of the space are set so that an appropriate amount of the chemical compound 105 can exist. The surface area in the gasification chamber 103 can be appropriately set according to the required gasification amount.

The inside of the gasification chamber 103 is vertically defined by a multi-hole body 115 having an appropriate thickness disposed at an appropriate height position in the vertical direction. The multi-hole body 115 is made of a metal or ceramic that can withstand a required high temperature, has a substantially plate shape as a whole, and has a large number of through-holes 114 penetrating vertically. The size of the through hole 114 is preferably set to a diameter that allows water vapor to pass through without difficulty and prevents the ungasified first gasified product 105 from passing through. The multi-hole body 115 may be disposed slightly inclined from the horizontal.

The first gasified substance introduction means 112 communicates with the first gasified substance introduction port 118 formed in the gasification chamber 103 and extends substantially vertically to the outside of the heat insulation chamber 111 through the communication port 122 formed in the heat insulation chamber 111. A pipe 123 made of a heat-resistant material having a predetermined inner diameter and length, a screw feeder 126 having an outlet 124 connected to the upper end thereof, and a screw 125 extending substantially horizontally, and a first screw A hopper 129 for supplying the gasified product 105.

The screw feeder 126 includes a cylindrical body 127 extending a predetermined length in a substantially horizontal direction, a screw 125 having a length substantially equal to the cylindrical body 127 rotatably mounted inside the cylindrical body 127, and And an actuator 128 that is disposed at one end of the screw 125 and drives the screw 125. An exit 124 for discharging the first gasified product 105 fed by the rotation of the screw 125 from the screw feeder 126 is formed in the cylindrical body 127 in the vicinity of the tip on the opposite side where the actuator 128 is disposed. An inlet 130 for taking the first gasified product 105 from the hopper 129 into the screw feeder 126 is formed in the upper portion of the cylindrical body 127 near the actuator 128. Of course, the hopper 129 is connected to the inlet 130.

The second gasified substance introduction means 113 communicates with the second gasified substance introduction port 119 formed in the gasification chamber 103, and extends to the outside of the heat insulation chamber 111 through the communication port 131 formed in the heat insulation chamber 111. A pipe 132 made of a material having an inner diameter and a length and having heat resistance and water vapor resistance is provided. Downstream of the pipe 132, a boiler (not shown) for obtaining superheated steam generated by heating by an appropriate method is connected, and the second gasification product 106 is introduced into the gasification chamber 103 in advance. It is preferable to preheat to superheated steam. More preferably, the heat efficiency is improved by using waste heat as a heat source of the boiler.

The generated gas discharge means 117 communicates with the generated gas discharge port 120 formed in the gasification chamber 103 and extends to the outside of the heat insulation chamber 111 through the communication port 133 formed in the heat insulation chamber 111. The pipe 134 made of a material having heat resistance and corrosion resistance is provided. Although not shown, downstream of the pipe 134 is connected to a cyclone, a water sprayer, or the like, and the product gas 102 is passed through the cyclone or the water sprayer, so that the ash 108 or the like mixed in the product gas 102 in a small amount can be obtained. It is preferable to remove soot, tar or moisture.

The ash discharge means 116 communicates with the ash discharge port 121 formed in the gasification chamber 103 and has a predetermined inner diameter and length extending to the outside of the heat insulation chamber 111 through the communication port 135 formed in the heat insulation chamber 111. A pipe 136 made of a heat-resistant material is provided. Downstream of the pipe 136, the pipe 136 can be freely opened and closed, and a valve (not shown) for opening or closing the communication state of the pipe 136 inside and outside the gasification chamber 103 is provided. .

When operating the radiation endothermic reaction apparatus 101 of the first embodiment configured as described above, first, the heat insulation chamber 111 and the gasification in the heat insulation chamber 111 from the outside of the radiation endothermic reaction apparatus 101 by an appropriate heating means. Heat 107 is supplied to the gap between the chamber 103 and the gasification chamber 103 is heated to a required temperature, preferably 800 ° C. or higher. Then, the first gasified product 105 is introduced into the hopper 129 from above, and the screw feeder 126 is operated to take the first gasified product 105 into the screw feeder 126 from the hopper 129 at an appropriate speed. It feeds towards 124. The first gasified product 105 put into the hopper 129 is preferably coarsely pulverized into small pieces of 2 cm or less in advance in terms of gasification efficiency.

Further, in the radiation endothermic reaction device 101 of the present embodiment, by adjusting the introduction amount of the first gasified product 105 to be introduced into the gasification chamber 103 according to the water content of the first gasified product 105, It is preferable to optimize the composition of the product gas 102, and an adjusting means for performing such adjustment may be provided. For example, when the moisture content of the first gasification product 105 introduced into the gasification chamber 103 is 20% by weight, the introduction amount is reduced by 30% compared to the case where the dry first gasification product 105 is introduced. Therefore, the feed amount of the first gasified product 105 by the screw feeder 126 is adjusted by the number of rotations of the screw 125 of the screw feeder 126, etc., and according to the moisture content of the first gasified product 105 during operation. The feed amount is controlled.

Further, when the first gasified product 105 is introduced into the gasification chamber 103 by the screw feeder 126, nitrogen gas, carbon dioxide gas or air is introduced into the hopper 129 in which the first gasified product 105 is stored. It may be fed as a parallel gas (not shown) and supplied to the gasification chamber 103 via the screw feeder 126 together with the first gasified product 105. When the parallel running gas is not supplied at all, a part of the water vapor introduced into the gasification chamber 103 through the screw feeder 126 may leak into the hopper 129. Thereby, dew condensation may occur in the hopper 129 storing the first gasified product 105 and the first gasified product 105, and a large amount of moisture may be absorbed by the first gasified product 105.

The moisture absorbed in the first gasification product 105 is heated and evaporated inside the gasification chamber 103 to become a high temperature, but it causes a large heat loss including latent heat of vaporization, resulting in a decrease in gasification processing capability. As a result, the capability reduction of the radiation endothermic reaction apparatus 101 is remarkable. In other words, the gasification capacity of the radiant endothermic reaction device 101 greatly depends on the water content of the first gasified product 105 that is a raw material for gasification.

As described above, this problem can be solved by supplying the co-running gas together with the first gasified product 105 into the gasification chamber 103 via the screw feeder 126, and maintaining the gasification treatment capacity high. enable. This dew condensation prevention effect by the co-run gas is recognized when the co-feed amount is about 2-15% in the case of carbon dioxide and 2-10% in the case of nitrogen gas by the weight ratio of the co-run gas with respect to the first gasified product 105. It has been. When air is used as the co-run gas, a part of the product gas 102 is burned to reduce the calorific value, so that it is about 2 to 5%.

Since carbon dioxide can be combined with hydrogen to form methanol, when the product gas 102 obtained by the radiant endothermic reaction apparatus 101 of this embodiment is used for methanol synthesis, it runs alongside the first gasified product 105. As the parallel gas, carbon dioxide is preferably selected, which can increase the amount of methanol synthesized economically.

In the gasification chamber 103, the second gasification product 113 is used by using the second gasification product introduction means 113 according to the introduction amount of the first gasification product 105 introduced into the gasification chamber 103 as described above. The second gasified product 106 is introduced from the introduction port 119. At this time, the second gasified product 106 can be heated in advance and introduced into the gasification chamber 103 as superheated steam, and thermal efficiency can be improved.

The second gasification product 106 introduced into the gasification chamber 103 from the lower part of the gasification chamber 103 through the second gasification product inlet 119 forms an upward flow and fills the gasification chamber 103 with superheated steam. , Make a superheated steam atmosphere. Of course, this superheated steam passes from the lower part to the upper part through each through hole 114 of the multi-hole body 115 disposed in the gasification chamber 103, so that any of the upper and lower spaces defined by the multi-hole body 115 is used. Use a superheated steam atmosphere.

Further, as the second gasified product 106 introduced into the gasification chamber 103, an appropriate amount of carbon dioxide may be mixed and a mixed gas composed of superheated steam and carbon dioxide may be employed. In this case, the composition ratio of carbon dioxide in the product gas 102 is increased, and carbon dioxide is combined with hydrogen to become methanol, which is economically advantageous when the product gas 102 is used for methanol synthesis or the like.

The first gasified product 105 introduced into the gasification chamber 103 from the first gasified product inlet 118 at the upper part of the gasification chamber 103 falls in the gasification chamber 103. In this dropping process, a part of the first gasification product 105 fills the gasification chamber 103 while receiving high-temperature radiant energy 104 emitted from the inner wall of the gasification chamber 103 and the multi-hole body 115 by external heating. By contacting the second gasified product 106, the endothermic reaction is caused thermochemically, and the gas is almost completely gasified to form the product gas 102.

The first gasified product 105 in an ungasified state that could not be gasified during the dropping process is retained on the multi-hole body 115 disposed in the gasification chamber 103. The first gasified product 105 retained on the multi-hole body 115 is gasified in a long time. This seems to be disadvantageous compared to the fact that the first gasified product 105 in a fine powder state reacts with superheated steam in a floating state and instantaneously gasifies, but in practice, it is retained on the multi-hole body 115. The composition of the product gas 102 obtained from the first gasified product 105 thus obtained has a high hydrogen concentration, and the first gasified product 105 used as a raw material does not require fine pulverization, so that the application range of the raw material is expanded and pulverized. It is effective because power costs are reduced.

The product gas 102 thus generated in the gasification chamber 103 is mainly composed of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane, ethylene, carbon dioxide, and water, and the product gas outlet 120 formed in the gasification chamber 103. And it is discharged outside through the product gas discharge means 117.

The radiation endothermic reactor 101 of the present embodiment is a technique for generating fuel gas that enables high-temperature combustion comparable to fossil fuels using biomass or organic waste as a raw material, and also for synthesizing liquid fuel and the like. It can also be applied to chemically synthesized raw materials.

When obtaining the product gas 102 to be applied as this chemical synthesis raw material, the composition ratio of hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the composition of the product gas 102 is important. For example, when synthesizing methanol using the product gas 102, it is desirable to increase the proportion of hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the gas composition and to make the hydrogen / carbon monoxide molar ratio approximately 2, In order to obtain hydrogen and carbon monoxide having such an appropriate composition ratio by the radiation endothermic reaction apparatus 101, the following operation can be used.

When increasing the composition ratio of hydrogen, the temperature of the gasification chamber 103 is maintained at a high temperature, and the powdery first gasified product 105 in which the particle size to be gasified by floating in the gasification chamber 103 is reduced is reduced. While reducing the introduction amount, and increasing the introduction amount of the first gasified product 105 in the form of a coarse piece of 10 mm to 20 mm that is gasified in a long time on the multi-hole body 115, the first gasified product 105 The introduction amount of the second gasified product 106 is increased with respect to the introduction amount.

When increasing the composition ratio of carbon monoxide, the temperature in the gasification chamber 103 is maintained at a low temperature of about 800 ° C., the particle size of the first gasified product 105 is increased, and the first gasified product is increased. While increasing the introduction amount of 105, the residence time of the first gasification product 105 in the gasification chamber 103 is shortened.

In the floating gasification reaction in which the fine gasified first gasified product 105 is gasified while floating in the second gasified product 106 in the radiation endothermic reaction apparatus 101 of the present embodiment, the smaller the particle size, the more gasification occurs. The gasification reaction becomes difficult to proceed as the particle size increases. While the floating gasification reaction of the fine granular first gasified product 105 that gasifies while floating is completed in 1 second or less, the gas of the coarse gas-like first gasified product 105 on the multi-hole body 115 is obtained. Although the gasification reaction takes a long time, gasification more than floating gasification can be caused by gasification in a state of being placed on the multi-hole body 115.

Next, another embodiment of the radiation endothermic reaction device 201 of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. Description of the details described in the embodiment and Example 1 is omitted. FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram showing the configuration of the radiation endothermic reaction device 201 of the second embodiment. The first gasified product 205, which is a gasification target in this embodiment, has an organic compound as a main component, and the second gasified product 206 has water as a main component.

The radiation endothermic reactor 201 in the present embodiment uses a high-temperature gas 207 having a required temperature generated by an appropriate high-temperature gas generator (not shown) outside the reactor and carrying sufficiently large heat energy as a heating means. By introducing it into the radiant endothermic reaction apparatus 201 and using it as a heat source, the gasification target as a raw material is gasified.

As shown in FIG. 3, the radiant endothermic reaction device 201 includes a heat insulating chamber 211 for shutting in and out heat inside and outside, and a gasification chamber 203 disposed in the heat insulating chamber 211. The gasification chamber 203 includes a first gasification chamber 203a on the upstream side and a second gasification chamber 203b on the downstream side, and these first gasification chamber 203a and second gasification chamber 203b. And communicate with each other.

The first gasification chamber 203a includes a first gasified product introducing unit 212 for introducing the first gasified product 205 and a second gasified product introducing unit 213 for introducing the second gasified product 206. . A multi-hole body 215 having a plurality of through holes 214 communicating vertically is defined at an appropriate height position in the first gasification chamber 203a and vertically defines the inside of the first gasification chamber 203a. Is done. In the first gasification chamber 203a, ash content discharging means 216 for discharging the ash 208 generated in the first gasification chamber 203a to the outside, and the generated gas generated in the first gasification chamber 203a are provided. 202 is discharged to the outside of the first gasification chamber 203a, and a product gas delivery port 237 for feeding the product gas 202 to the second gasification chamber 203b is provided.

The second gasification chamber 203b includes a product gas introduction port 238 for introducing the product gas 202 and a product gas discharge port 220 for discharging the purified product gas 202 to the outside. The product gas inlet 238 of the second gasification chamber 203b is connected to the product gas outlet 237 of the first gasification chamber 203a, and the first gasification chamber 203a and the second gasification chamber 203b are connected. Are configured to communicate with each other.

Between the first gasification chamber 203a and the second gasification chamber 203b disposed in the heat insulation chamber 211, the inside of the heat insulation chamber 211 is connected to the first gasification chamber 203a side, A shielding plate 239 is provided so as to partition the second gasification chamber 203b and to prevent the radiant energy 204 on each side from traveling to and from the other side.

The heat insulation chamber 211 is for blocking heat flow inside and outside, and is particularly configured so that the inside of the heat insulation chamber 211 can be kept at a required temperature, preferably 800 ° C. or higher, at a high temperature. The heat insulating chamber 211 can be configured using a conventionally known heat insulating material, and surrounds both the first gasification chamber 203a and the second gasification chamber 203b disposed in the heat insulating chamber 211. However, as shown in FIG. 3, as shown in FIG. 3, the inner surface of the heat insulation chamber 211, the outer surface of the first gasification chamber 203a, and the second A gap is provided between the gasification chamber 203b and the outer surface.

The heat insulation chamber 211 has a communication port 222 that communicates with the inside and outside of the heat insulation chamber 211 for connecting the first gasified material introduction means 212, the second gasified material introduction means 213, the product gas discharge port 220 or the ash content discharge means 216 to the outside of the heat insulation chamber 211. , 231, 233, and 235 are brought into close contact with the first gasified material introducing means 212, the second gasified material introducing means 213, the product gas outlet 220, the ash content discharging means 216, and the like, as necessary, so that heat does not leak. Form.

The heat insulation chamber 211 is used after being introduced into the heat insulation chamber 211 and the high temperature gas introduction port 240 communicating with the inside and outside of the heat insulation chamber 211 for introducing the high temperature gas 207 for heating the heat insulation chamber 211. The hot gas discharge port 241 for discharging the hot gas 207 to the outside of the heat insulation chamber 211 is provided.

The high-temperature gas 207 referred to here is generated by an appropriate high-temperature gas generator (not shown) outside the radiation endothermic reaction apparatus 201, and preferably has a temperature of 800 ° C. or higher. As the high-temperature gas generator, a conventionally known technique can be adopted. For example, a device that generates a high-temperature gas in a combustion system by burning fossil fuel or natural gas can be used. Alternatively, by burning waste such as waste paper, waste plastic, and waste wood, the combustion system high-temperature gas 207 derived from the waste may be obtained. In addition, for example, a so-called biomass typified by weeds, thinned wood, etc. may be burned to adopt a device that can obtain a high-temperature gas 207 of a biomass-derived combustion system.

The shielding plate 239 partitions the inside of the heat insulating chamber 211 into an upstream side and a downstream side, and suppresses the radiant energy 204 on the upstream side and the radiant energy 204 on the downstream side from going to each other side. It is a substantially plate-like member made of a material having heat resistance and high radiation properties arranged in such a manner. However, the upstream side and the downstream side referred to here are a heat insulating chamber formed in the heat insulating chamber 211 from a high temperature gas inlet 240 for introducing the high temperature gas 207 into the heat insulating chamber 211 from the outside formed in the heat insulating chamber 211. The high temperature gas 207 that has flowed down the inside of the 211 and has been used up to the outside of the heat insulation chamber 211 corresponds to the upstream and the downstream in the flow direction to the high temperature gas discharge port 241. .

A flow path 242 through which the high temperature gas 207 can flow from the upstream side toward the downstream side is formed at an appropriate portion of the shielding plate 239, and the high temperature gas 207 can be made to flow down. The shielding plate 239 is interposed between the first gasification chamber 203a disposed on the upstream side and the second gasification chamber 203b disposed on the downstream side. A communication port 243 for communicating the chamber 203b from the downstream side to the upstream side is provided.

The first gasification chamber 203a is isolated from the outside by a partition wall 209, and has a primary gasification space 210a having a predetermined volume and surface area inside thereof, and the outer surface of the partition wall 209 constituting the first gasification chamber 203a. Is surrounded by the wall surface of the heat insulating chamber 211 and the shielding plate 239. In the first gasification chamber 203a, a first gasification inlet 218 for introducing the first gasification product 205 into the first gasification chamber 203a from the outside, and the first gasification chamber 203a from the outside. A second gasified product inlet 219 for introducing the second gasified product 206 is formed therein, and is connected to the first gasified product introducing unit 212 and the second gasified product introducing unit 213, respectively. A gasification object including 205 and the second gasification product 206 is configured to be introduced into the first gasification chamber 203a.

The first gasified product inlet 218 is formed in the upper part of the first gasified chamber 203a, and the first gasified product 205 introduced from the outside into the first gasified chamber 203a through the first gasified product inlet 218. However, it falls in the 1st gasification chamber 203a, and it is comprised so that it can gasify in the fall process.

The second gasified product inlet 219 is formed in the lower part of the first gasified chamber 203a, and is introduced into the first gasified chamber 203a from the outside through the second gasified product inlet 219. However, it can be introduced as an upward flow in the first gasification chamber 203a.

The first gasification chamber 203a has a generated gas outlet 237 for supplying the generated gas 202 generated therein to the second gasification chamber 203b from the first gasification chamber 203a, and a first gasification chamber 203a. In the gasification chamber 203a, the gasification chamber 203a has an ash content outlet 221 for discharging the ash content 208 generated in a small amount in association with the gasification of the gasification target, and a second gasification chamber 203b and an ash content discharge means 216, respectively. The generated gas 202 and the ash 208 generated in the first gasification chamber 203a can be sent out or discharged to the outside.

The generated gas delivery port 237 is formed at an appropriate height position on the side surface of the first gasification chamber 203a, preferably at an upper position than the arrangement height position of the multi-hole body 215. On the other hand, the ash content discharge port 221 is formed at the bottom of the first gasification chamber 203a, is lower than the multi-hole body 215, and when the ash content 208 is deposited, it is dropped by its own weight and taken out to the outside. Configured to be able to.

The partition wall 209 forming the first gasification chamber 203a is made of a material having excellent thermal conductivity, heat resistance, and thermal shock, and facilitates heat transfer from the outside to the inside of the first gasification chamber 203a. Configure to withstand the required temperature and temperature changes. The volume and shape of the primary gasification space 210a in the first gasification chamber 203a can be appropriately set according to the required gasification processing amount, but the primary gasification space 210a is a target for gasification. The first gasified product 205 is set to a space having a size and a shape that allow an appropriate amount of the first gasified product 205 to be present. The surface area in the first gasification chamber 203a can be appropriately set according to the required gasification amount.

The inside of the first gasification chamber 203a is vertically defined by a multi-hole body 215 having an appropriate thickness disposed at an appropriate height position in the vertical direction. The multi-hole body 215 is made of a metal or ceramic that can withstand a required high temperature, is formed in a substantially plate shape as a whole, and has a large number of through-holes 214 penetrating vertically. The size of the through-hole 214 is set to a diameter that allows water vapor to pass through without difficulty and prevents the first gasified product 205 in an ungasified state from passing through easily. The multi-hole body 215 may be disposed slightly inclined from the horizontal.

The first gasified substance introducing means 212 communicates with the first gasified substance introducing port 218 formed in the first gasifying chamber 203a, and is almost vertical to the outside of the heat insulating chamber 211 through the communication port 222 formed in the heat insulating chamber 211. A pipe 223 made of a heat-resistant material having a predetermined inner diameter and length, a screw feeder 226 having an outlet 224 connected to the upper end thereof, and an internally extending screw 225, and the screw feeder 226. And a hopper 229 for supplying the first gasified product 205.

The screw feeder 226 includes a cylindrical body 227 extending a predetermined length in a substantially horizontal direction, a screw 225 having a length substantially equal to the cylindrical body 227 rotatably mounted inside the cylindrical body 227, An actuator 228 that is disposed at one end of the screw 225 and drives the screw 225. An outlet 224 for discharging the first gasified product 205 fed by the rotation of the screw 225 from the screw feeder 226 is formed in the cylindrical body 227 in the vicinity of the tip on the opposite side where the actuator 228 is disposed. An inlet 230 for taking the first gasified product 205 from the hopper 229 into the screw feeder 226 is formed in an upper portion of the cylindrical body 227 near the actuator 228, and the hopper 229 is connected to the inlet 230.

The second gasified substance introducing means 213 communicates with the second gasified substance introducing port 219 formed in the first gasifying chamber 203a, and extends to the outside of the heat insulating chamber 211 through the communication port 231 formed in the heat insulating chamber 211. A pipe 232 made of a material having heat resistance and water vapor resistance having a predetermined inner diameter and length is provided. A boiler (not shown) for obtaining superheated steam generated by heating by an appropriate method is connected downstream of the pipe 232, and the second gasified product 206 is connected to the first gasification chamber 203a. Prior to introduction, superheated steam is obtained by heating in advance using waste heat.

The product gas outlet 237 is formed on the side wall of the first gasification chamber 203a on the downstream side of the first gasification chamber 203a. The downstream side here refers to the inside of the heat insulation chamber 211 formed in the heat insulation chamber 211 from the high temperature gas introduction port 240 for introducing the high temperature gas 207 into the heat insulation chamber 211 from the outside formed in the heat insulation chamber 211. This corresponds to the downstream side in the flow direction to the hot gas outlet 241 for discharging the hot gas 207 that has flowed down and is used to the outside of the heat insulation chamber 211.

The ash content discharge means 216 communicates with the ash content discharge port 221 formed in the first gasification chamber 203a, and extends to the outside of the heat insulation chamber 211 through the communication port 235 formed in the heat insulation chamber 211. Furthermore, a pipe 236 made of a heat-resistant material is provided. Downstream of the pipe 236, the pipe 236 can be freely opened and closed, and a valve (not shown) for opening or closing the communication state inside and outside the first gasification chamber 203a in the pipe 236 is provided. Arrange.

The second gasification chamber 203b is formed by forming a pipe material having a predetermined length and an inner diameter made of a material having heat resistance and high radiation property in a generally meandering shape, and a secondary gasification inside thereof. It has a space 210b. Most of the second gasification chamber 203 b is disposed on the downstream side in the heat insulating chamber 211, and is surrounded by the shielding plate 239 and the inner wall of the heat insulating chamber 211. The upstream end of the pipe material forming the second gasification chamber 203b forms a product gas inlet 238 connected to the product gas outlet 237 of the first gasification chamber 203a. The tip forms a product gas outlet 220 for discharging the product gas 202 that has been further purified in the second gasification chamber 203b to the outside of the radiation endothermic reactor 201.

The second gasification chamber 203b configured as described above is disposed across the upstream side and the downstream side in the heat insulation chamber 211 through the communication port 243 formed in the shielding plate 239, and the generated gas introduction port 238 is provided. The product gas outlet 220 is connected to the product gas outlet 237 of the first gasification chamber 203 a, and the product gas outlet 220 is connected to a communication port 233 formed in an appropriate part of the downstream side wall of the heat insulation chamber 211. Although not shown, a cyclone, a water sprayer, or the like can be connected further downstream of the communication port 233. By passing the product gas 202 through the cyclone or the water sprayer, the product gas 202 is mixed in a small amount. Ashes 208, soot, tar, or moisture can be removed.

When operating the radiant endothermic reactor 201 of the second embodiment, first, a high temperature gas 207 having a required temperature is generated by an appropriate high temperature gas generating means, and the high temperature gas 207 is used as a heating means to heat the heat insulation chamber 211 at a high temperature. Hot gas 207 is introduced from the gas inlet 240. Thus, heat is supplied to the gap between the heat insulation chamber 211 and each of the first gasification chamber 203a and the second gasification chamber 203b in the heat insulation chamber 211, and the gap in the heat insulation chamber 211 is set to 800 ° C. While maintaining the above high temperature, the first gasification chamber 203a and the second gasification chamber 203b are heated to 800 ° C. or higher.

Then, the first gasified product 205 is put into the hopper, and the screw feeder 226 is operated to take the first gasified product 205 from the hopper 229 into the screw feeder 226 and feed it toward the outlet 224. To pay. The first gasified product 205 put into the hopper 229 is coarsely pulverized into small pieces of 2 cm or less in advance.

In the radiation endothermic reaction apparatus 201 of the present embodiment, by adjusting the introduction amount of the first gasification product 205 to be introduced into the first gasification chamber 203a according to the water content of the first gasification product 205, The composition of the product gas 202 can be optimized. For example, according to the moisture content of the first gasified product 205 at the time of operation, the supply amount of the first gasified product 205 by the screw feeder 226 is changed to the screw feeder. The feed amount is controlled by adjusting the number of rotations of the screw 225 of the H.226.

Further, when the first gasified product 205 is introduced into the first gasification chamber 203a by the screw feeder 226, nitrogen gas or carbon dioxide gas is placed inside the hopper 229 in which the first gasified product 205 is stored. Alternatively, air may be fed as a parallel gas (not shown), and the parallel gas may be supplied together with the first gasification product 205 to the first gasification chamber 203a via the screw feeder 226. According to this parallel gas, In addition, it is possible to prevent dew condensation due to leakage of water vapor from the first gasification chamber 203a in the hopper 229. The anti-condensation effect is recognized when the combined amount is the weight ratio of the co-running gas to the first gasified product 205, about 2 to 15% for carbon dioxide and 2 to 10% for nitrogen gas. When air is used as the co-run gas, a part of the product gas 202 is burned to reduce the calorific value, so that it is about 2 to 5%.

Since carbon dioxide can be combined with hydrogen to form methanol, when the product gas 202 obtained by the radiant endothermic reaction device 201 of this embodiment is used for methanol synthesis, it runs alongside the first gasified product 205. If carbon dioxide is selected as the parallel gas, the amount of methanol synthesized can be increased economically.

In the first gasification chamber 203a, the second gasification product introduction means 213 is used according to the amount of the first gasification product 205 introduced into the first gasification chamber 203a as described above. Then, the second gasified product 206 is introduced from the second gasified product inlet 219. At this time, the second gasified product 206 can be preheated and introduced into the first gasification chamber 203a as superheated steam, thereby improving the thermal efficiency.

The second gasified product 206 introduced into the first gasified chamber 203a from the lower portion of the first gasified chamber 203a through the second gasified product inlet 219 forms an upward flow and the first gas. The inside of the chemical conversion chamber 203a is filled with superheated steam to create a superheated steam atmosphere. Of course, this superheated water vapor passes through the through holes 214 of the multi-hole body 215 disposed in the first gasification chamber 203 a from the lower part to the upper part, and the upper and lower spaces defined by the multi-hole body 215. All of these are superheated steam atmospheres.

For the second gasification product 206 introduced into the first gasification chamber 203a, an appropriate amount of carbon dioxide may be mixed and a mixed gas composed of superheated steam and carbon dioxide may be employed. In this case, the composition ratio of carbon dioxide in the product gas 202 is increased, and the carbon dioxide is combined with hydrogen to become methanol, which is economically advantageous when the product gas 202 is used for methanol synthesis or the like.

The first gasification product 205 introduced into the first gasification chamber 203a from the first gasification product inlet 218 at the upper part of the first gasification chamber 203a falls in the first gasification chamber 203a. . In this dropping process, a part of the first gasified product 205 receives the high-temperature radiation energy 204 emitted from the inner wall of the first gasification chamber 203a and the multi-hole body 215 by heating from the outside, By contacting the second gasification product 206 filling the gasification chamber 203a, an endothermic reaction is caused thermochemically and almost completely gasified to become a product gas.

The first gasified product 205 in an ungasified state that could not be gasified during the dropping process is held on the multi-hole body 215 disposed in the first gasification chamber 203a. The first gasified product 205 retained on the multi-hole body 215 is gasified in a long time. This seems to be disadvantageous compared to the fact that the first gasified product 205 in a fine powder state reacts with superheated steam in a floating state and instantly gasifies, but in reality, it is retained on the multi-hole body 215. The composition of the product gas 202 obtained from the first gasified product 205 has a high hydrogen concentration and the first gasified product 205 used as a raw material does not require fine pulverization. It is effective because power costs are reduced.

The produced gas 202 produced in the first gasification chamber 203a is fed to the second gasification chamber 203b through the produced gas delivery port 237 formed in the first gasification chamber 203a. The product gas 202 introduced into the second gasification chamber 203b flows down while meandering in the secondary gasification space 210b in the second gasification chamber 203b, and is generated in the secondary gasification space 210b. Impurities and components such as soot, tar or moisture, which are mixed in the gas 202 in a small amount, are decomposed or gasified, and further purification is achieved.

The product gas 202 highly purified in the second gasification chamber 203b is mainly composed of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane, ethylene, and carbon dioxide, which contains almost no soot, tar, or moisture. The gas is discharged to the outside through the product gas outlet 220 at the downstream end of the second gasification chamber 203b.

At this time, the first gasification chamber 203a requires a relatively high temperature and a large amount of heat. The first gasification chamber 203a is disposed on the upstream side, and the first gasification chamber 203a is disposed by the shielding plate 239. And the gasification efficiency can be improved without lowering the thermal efficiency by defining the second gasification chamber 203b.

The present invention can be variously changed or modified without departing from the gist of the claims. For example, the radiation endothermic reaction device 201 of the present embodiment is a technique for generating fuel gas that enables high-temperature combustion comparable to fossil fuel from biomass or organic waste as a raw material, and at the same time synthesizes liquid fuel or the like. It can also be applied to chemical synthesis raw materials.

When obtaining the product gas 202 to be applied as this chemical synthesis raw material, the composition ratio of hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the composition of the product gas 202 is important. For example, when synthesizing methanol using the product gas 202, it is desirable to increase the proportion of hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the gas composition and to make the hydrogen / carbon monoxide molar ratio approximately 2.

For example, when it is necessary to increase the composition ratio of hydrogen in the product gas 202, the first gasification chamber 203a needs to have a relatively high temperature. It is possible to increase the purity of the product gas 202 by providing the second gasification chamber 203b while keeping the one gasification chamber 203a at a relatively high temperature to increase the composition ratio of hydrogen. At this time, the second gasification chamber 203b can increase the purity of the product gas 202 even if the temperature is slightly lower than that of the first gasification chamber 203a.

Industrial application fields

The radiation endothermic reaction apparatus of the present invention is a conventional useful view of weeds, thinned wood, etc. by gasifying the raw material in an oxygen-free or low-oxygen state where oxygen is not actively introduced under superheated steam atmosphere. In addition to biomass, including organic compounds that were not used, a wide range of organic waste such as waste plastics, waste oil, waste paper, manure, leftovers, tofu husks, and squeezed foods such as sake lees It is possible to convert various organic compounds to gasification raw materials, that is, gasses to be generated into product gases of the required composition mainly composed of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane, ethylene, carbon dioxide, water, etc. .

Claims

It comprises a gasification chamber for gasifying a gasification object by heating with a heating means, and a solid that is present on the gasification chamber side,
The gasification object consists of a first gasification product containing an organic compound as a main component and a second gasification product containing water as a main component,
The first gasification product is present in the gasification chamber, and the gasification chamber is heated by the heating means, whereby the second gasification product is brought into a gas phase state and the gasification chamber is heated with superheated steam. Radiating energy from the solid that is filled and present inside the gasification chamber is released into the gasification chamber, the first gasified product is heated in an overheated steam atmosphere in the gasification chamber, and the first A radiation endothermic reaction apparatus configured to generate a required gas by thermochemically endothermically reacting a gasified product and the second gasified product.
The radiation endothermic reaction apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the heating means is capable of obtaining an appropriate amount of heat without burning fuel in the gasification chamber.
The radiation endothermic reaction apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein heating in the gasification chamber by the heating means is by radiation or heat conduction.
The radiation endothermic reaction device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein heating of the gasification chamber by the heating means is performed from outside the gasification chamber.
5. The high-temperature gas obtained from a high-temperature gas generator that burns grasses or woods to generate a high-temperature gas in a combustion system, wherein the heating means is the high-temperature gas. A radiation endothermic reaction apparatus described in 1.
The radiation endothermic reaction device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the gasification chamber is disposed in a heat insulation chamber configured to suppress heat flow in and out of the room. .
The radiation endothermic reaction device according to claim 1, wherein the solid existing inside the gasification chamber is a substance constituting an inner wall of the gasification chamber.
The solid existing inside the gasification chamber is a multi-hole body that vertically defines the gasification chamber, and the multi-hole body has a plurality of holes or holes that communicate with each other vertically. The radiation endothermic reaction device according to claim 1.
The radiation endothermic reaction according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the gasification chamber includes a first gasification material introduction means for introducing a first gasification material into the gasification chamber. apparatus.
The radiation endothermic reaction according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the gasification chamber is provided with a second gasification product introduction means for introducing a second gasification product into the gasification chamber. apparatus.
The first gasified substance introduction means has a first gasified substance introduction port for introducing the first gasified substance into the gasification chamber, and the first gasified substance introduction port is an upper part of the gasification chamber. The radiation endothermic reaction apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the radiation endothermic reaction apparatus is disposed in the area.
The radiation according to claim 11, wherein the first gasified product is introduced into the gasification chamber from the upper side to the lower side of the gasification chamber through the first gasified product inlet. Endothermic reactor.
The second gasified substance introduction means has a second gasified substance introduction port for introducing the second gasified substance into the gasification chamber, and the second gasified substance introduction port is located at a lower portion of the gasification chamber. The radiation endothermic reaction apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the radiation endothermic reaction apparatus is disposed in the area.
The radiation according to claim 13, wherein the second gasified product is introduced into the gasification chamber from the lower side to the upper side of the gasification chamber through the second gasified product inlet. Endothermic reactor.
The radiation endothermic reaction apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the second gasified product is heated to a predetermined temperature in advance and introduced into the gasification chamber as superheated steam.
The amount of the second gasified product introduced into the gasification chamber is controlled so that the weight ratio with respect to the dry weight of the first gasified product introduced into the gasification chamber is 0.6 or more. The radiation endothermic reaction device according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein:
The radiation endothermic reaction device according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein a temperature in the gasification chamber is maintained at 800 ° C or higher to cause the endothermic reaction.
When the gasification chamber is set to 800 ° C. with respect to the introduction amount of 1 kg / h of the ashless first gasified product introduced into the gasification chamber, When the surface area is set to 0.008 m 2 or more and the temperature of the gasification chamber inner wall is set to 1000 ° C., the surface area of the gasification chamber wall is set to 0.004 m 2 or more. The radiation endothermic reactor according to any one of the ranges 1 to 17.
The gasification chamber is composed of a first gasification chamber disposed on the upstream side and a second gasification chamber disposed on the downstream side of the first gasification chamber. The radiation endothermic reaction device according to any one of claims 1 to 18, wherein the gasification chamber and the second gasification chamber communicate with each other.
The radiant endothermic reactor according to any one of claims 1 to 19, wherein the second gasification chamber has a cylindrical shape.
21. The radiation endothermic reaction apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 20, wherein the gasification object includes a third gasification product mainly composed of carbon dioxide.
The radiation endothermic reaction apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 21, wherein the product gas contains, as a main component, one or more substances selected from hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane, and ethylene.