WO2010051915A1

WO2010051915A1 - Method for heating a fluid and corresponding device

Info

Publication number: WO2010051915A1
Application number: PCT/EP2009/007624
Authority: WO
Inventors: Matthias Hänel
Original assignee: Kba-Metalprint Gmbh
Priority date: 2008-11-04
Filing date: 2009-10-24
Publication date: 2010-05-14
Also published as: DE102008055853A1; DE102008055853B4; EP2350531A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for heating a fluid which, for this purpose, flows through a heated bed (4a, 4b) and to which at least one fuel (24) is supplied. According to the invention, the fuel (24) is supplied to the exhaust gas when it flows through the heated bed (4a, 4b). The invention further relates to a device (1) for heating a fluid.

Description

Method for heating a fluid and corresponding device

description

The invention relates to a method for heating a fluid, which flows through a heat bed and the at least one fuel is supplied. Furthermore, the invention relates to a device for heating a fluid.

Methods of the type mentioned are known and are used for example in the context of an exhaust gas purification. In this case, first the heat bed is brought to a certain temperature and subsequently flows through the fluid, in particular exhaust gas. The heat-bed releases heat to the fluid during the flow-through process, bringing it to a higher temperature level. It is customary to supply fuel to the heated fluid after flowing through the heat bed and to ignite the fluid-fuel mixture in a combustion chamber. Thus, contained in the fluid, possibly harmful substances are burned or oxidized and the fluid can be subsequently discharged into the environment without causing adverse effects on the environment by the substances contained in the fluid. The fluid can come from any source. Often, these processes can be found in the field of chemical processing. In recent years, the importance of these processes has steadily increased as the need to filter various substances out of the fluid has become widely accepted. A common approach to this, as described, is oxidation by combustion. The combustion is carried out in a combustion chamber. For this purpose, the fluid must have a sufficiently high oxygen content and a sufficiently high temperature exhibit. The energy required for the oxidation can be introduced via a fuel supplied into the combustion chamber, whereupon the resulting fluid-fuel mixture is subsequently ignited by an ignition mechanism. Since a large amount of fuel is required for the sole purpose of supplying the energy necessary for the oxidation via fuel, it makes sense to preheat the fluid before it reaches the combustion chamber and to bring it as close as possible to a temperature at which an oxidation reaction can already take place , This can be achieved by passing the fluid through a previously heated bed of heat.

However, the procedure described requires a relatively large combustion chamber, which must be connected downstream of the heat bath, in order to lent a complete reaction of the fluid-fuel mixture possible, for which the longest possible residence time within the combustion chamber is needed. On the other hand, if the combustion chamber is designed to be too small, the temperature required to oxidize the pollutants may not be reached due to a short residence time of the mixture in the combustion chamber or the combustion of the fluid-fuel mixture will be incomplete. In these cases, either non-oxidized pollutants or unburned fuel can enter the environment, which would be contrary to the meaning of such a method.

As products of combustion or oxidation usually arise substances that can be considered largely harmless, such as carbon dioxide or water vapor. Thus, by such a method, the proportion of pollutants in the fluid is at least greatly reduced, if not completely eliminated. A disadvantage is the already mentioned high size of the combustion chamber and thus the device that is used to implement the method.

The object of the invention is therefore to provide a method for heating a fluid, which ensures an improved heating of the fluid compared to the prior art and can be implemented simultaneously in a device of small size.

This is inventively achieved in that the fluid is supplied to the fluid as it flows through the heat bed. This means that the fuel is supplied to the fluid not only in a combustion chamber, but already at an earlier time, ie in the heat bed. Thus, the fuel flows through the heat bed together with the fluid. This initially results in two advantages. First, the fuel as well as the fluid is heated, that is, the fluid-fuel mixture already has a uniform high temperature. On the other hand, a mixing of the fuel with the fluid does not take place in the combustion chamber, so that the fluid-fuel mixture has a homogeneous mixture upon reaching the combustion chamber and can thus be burned more effectively. The fuel may be any organic fuel of any calorific value provided it is placed in the heat bath and a reaction can be achieved in the heat bed and / or combustor.

Also, the (oxidation) reaction does not have to be carried out by combustion, as usually provided, but rather it may also be a reaction or oxidation without combustion, which can at least partially already run off in the heat bed, ie before reaching the combustion chamber. By this displacement of the reaction against the flow direction in the heat bed, a longer reaction time is possible. The homogeneous mixing of the fluid with fuel, the heating of the fuel by the heat bed as well as the at least partial displacement of the reaction in the heat bed have a significant influence on a required for implementing the method device in which the combustion chamber can now be significantly smaller. With a suitable fluid-fuel combination, it is possible to drain the oxidation completely in the heat bed, so that no or only a very small combustion chamber may be necessary. The method can thus be advantageously used for heat generation or heat storage. In this case, heat is generated by supplying the fuel into the heat bed and the running oxidation, which can be made accessible to any purpose.

A development of the invention provides that an exhaust gas is used as the fluid. The exhaust gas may contain substances that allow oxidation or foment it. It is thus possible, for example, to carry out an oxidation without supplying the fuel or by supplying a very small amount of fuel.

A development of the invention provides that it is used for cleaning the fluid. If the fluid contains substances that are not allowed to enter the environment, for example due to a harmful effect, the fluid must be cleaned before it is released into the environment. For this purpose, the fluid can by means of the method for heating a fluid are heated or heated until the unwanted substances oxidize and are thus rendered harmless. It can also be provided to use the method only for heating the fluid, wherein the oxidation can take place in the combustion chamber.

A development of the invention provides that the temperature is determined in the heat bed. A temperature determination in the heat bed enables a targeted introduction of fuel into the heat bed. For example, an added amount of the fuel can be regulated. It is also possible to adapt the position of a feed point of the fuel as a function of the determined temperature in the heat bed.

A development of the invention provides that the temperature is determined in the immediate vicinity of a point of introduction of the fuel. For example, it is already known to determine the temperature in the combustion chamber and to control the fuel introduction based on this parameter. However, with this procedure, the local influence at the point of introduction of the fuel can not be detected, which means that it is only possible to detect integral variables, ie variables which are representative of the condition of the entire system. By determining the temperature in the immediate vicinity of the point of introduction of the fuel, a fine tuning of the introduced fuel quantity, the fuel composition, the introduction position and similar parameters becomes possible. Thus, the efficiency of the method can be further increased, whereby the size of the device for implementing the method can be reduced. Preferably, the temperature determination is carried out by temperature measurement, which means the temperature is determined by a measuring method, for the implementation of which a measuring device, in particular a temperature measuring device, is usually provided. For example, a thermocouple can be used as a temperature measuring device.

A development of the invention provides that the pressure of the fluid in the heat bed, in particular in the immediate vicinity of a point of introduction of the fuel, is determined, in particular by pressure measurement. In addition to the temperature determination already described above, the pressure of the fluid is determined in the heat bed. In addition to the temperature, this is another important parameter by means of which the fuel supply, that is to say in particular amount of fuel, fuel composition and / or fuel pressure, are influenced in such a way that the most efficient combustion or oxidation process of the fluid can take place. A result of the measurements, ie both the temperature and the pressure measurement, can also be used, for example, to detect a state in which the method can not be optimally implemented, for example in an overload state or a state in which the Burning or oxidation process can not proceed with optimum efficiency. Accordingly, the measured data obtained can be used not only to control the fuel injection, but also to control other variables, such as the amount of fluid.

A development of the invention provides that a sampling of fluid in the heat bed, in particular in the immediate vicinity of a point of introduction of the fuel takes place. about the sampling can be determined, for example, the composition of the fluid or the mixing ratio between fluid and fuel. For example, the measured values obtained by sampling following a sampling point to an amount of the pollutants contained in the fluid, whereupon a fuel introduction can be set to this value in order to achieve, if possible, complete combustion or oxidation of the pollutants. Again, it is advantageous to carry out the sampling in the vicinity of the point of introduction of the fuel, since thus the locally present amount of fuel can be very well adjusted to the results of the sampling.

A further development of the invention provides that gaseous and / or liquid fuel is / are used as the fuel. By heating the introduced fuel in the heating bed, both gaseous and liquid fuel can be used. If liquid fuel is introduced, it is heated up after the introduction process and possibly vaporized, so that, just as with gaseous fuel, good mixing with the fluid becomes possible. It is also conceivable that the fuel is already heated in the introduction device such that liquid fuel evaporates, so that the liquid fuel is already present in gaseous form at a point of introduction of the fuel.

A development of the invention provides that the introduction quantity of the fuel into the heat bed as a function of the measured temperature, the measured pressure and / or the supply Composition of the fluid obtained by sampling takes place.

The invention further comprises a device for heating a fluid, in particular for carrying out the method according to the preceding embodiments, wherein the device has at least one fluid-flow-through heat bed and a fuel introduction device, wherein the fuel exits from at least one fuel outlet opening. The device is characterized in that the fuel outlet opening is arranged in the interior of the heat bed. Thus, the above advantages are achieved. The fuel outlet opening can be arranged at any position in the interior of the heat bed, but it is advantageously positioned so that optimum mixing of the fuel with the fluid and heating of the introduced fuel is possible. For this purpose, the fuel outlet opening is advantageously provided relatively far forward with respect to the fluid flow direction. It can be provided any number of fuel outlet openings. It is not necessary that all fuel outlet openings are arranged inside the heat bed. For example, a fuel outlet opening in the combustion chamber of the device is providable.

A development of the invention provides that the introduction device is provided with at least one fuel outlet opening Einbringrohr. The introduction of the fuel takes place by means of a delivery device, which may be formed as a tube. This introduction tube has at least one fuel outlet opening. That is, the delivery tube may have only one fuel exit port, with the fuel targeted at a single location can be introduced into the heat bed. On the other hand, the introduction tube can also have a multiplicity of fuel outlet openings in order to introduce fuel at several positions.

A further development of the invention provides that the fuel introduction device is a fuel lance having the fuel outlet opening at its end. This means that fuel is introduced through an end face of the fuel lance, and thus usually in a direction corresponding to the orientation of the fuel lance. It can be provided that the fuel lance has only one end fuel outlet opening. However, it can also be provided that the fuel lance has further fuel outlet openings which are distributed over a jacket of the fuel lance. The direction of exit of the fuel can be influenced by the alignment of the fuel outlet openings on the jacket of the fuel lance. Via a size of the outlet openings, a distribution of the fuel (both for the introduction tube and the fuel lance) can be influenced to the individual fuel outlet openings. Advantageously, the fuel introduction device is made of a ceramic material, whereby a high temperature resistance is given. But it can also be any other material, such as an iron alloy or stainless steel, may be provided. During operation, it is also conceivable that the fuel injector may be purged with a gas other than the fuel to cause complete discharge of fuel from the injector. In this case, ambient air, but also a gas, in particular a noble gas, may be provided. A development of the invention provides that a temperature measuring sensor of a temperature measuring device is arranged in the immediate vicinity of the fuel outlet opening. It should preferably be ensured that the orientation of the fuel outlet opening is not directed directly at the temperature measuring sensor or the temperature measuring device in order to preclude an influence on the temperature measurement by a fuel flow. In particular, it may also be provided to provide a separating device, in particular a heat shield, between the temperature measuring device and the fuel outlet opening in order to shield the temperature measuring sensor from the fuel emerging from the fuel outlet opening or from any chemical reaction taking place.

An advantageous development of the invention provides that fuel introduction device and temperature measuring device are integrally formed as a common module. The common module allows for a simple assembly of fuel introduction device and temperature measuring device while ensuring that a defined orientation and a defined distance from fuel introduction device are given to temperature measuring device. Also, the training as a common module allows a spatially very compact design and in particular a small distance between fuel introduction device and temperature measuring device.

A development of the invention provides that a pressure measuring sensor of a pressure measuring device is arranged in the immediate vicinity of the fuel outlet opening. Advantageously, the fuel introduction device and the pressure measuring device are tion as a common module integrally formed. An advantageous development of the invention also provides that in the immediate vicinity of the fuel outlet opening a sampling opening of a sampling device is provided. It is preferably provided that the Brennstoffeinbringvorrichtung and the sampling device are integrally formed. For the pressure measuring device and the sampling device also applies to the temperature measuring device already executed.

A development of the invention provides that the heat bed has ceramic stones. Ceramic stones are extremely heat-resistant and can also have a high heat capacity.

A further development of the invention provides that the heat bed comprises shaped blocks, preferably of ceramic. The use of shaped bricks greatly increases the surface area of the heat bed that is extremely relevant for heat transfer between the heat bed and the fluid or fuel. Thus, the heat bed can deliver heat to the fluid or the fuel in a very efficient manner. Preferably, the blocks may be formed as honeycomb stones.

A development of the invention provides that the ceramic and / or shaped blocks are provided with a coating. The coating can be designed for different purposes. On the one hand, for example, a further enlargement of the surface of the ceramic and / or shaped block can be formed by means of a coating, on the other hand, the coating can also have catalytic properties and thus inhibit combustion

ll preferentially influence oxidation as well. In particular, the temperature required for a reaction is lowered by a catalytic coating, so that less fuel has to be introduced. By such a coating, it is also possible that a reaction starting point moves forward. This means that the reaction begins upstream relative to a fluid flow direction. Due to the displacement of the reaction starting point forward, a longer reaction time is still possible, whereby the device, in particular the combustion chamber, can be reduced.

A development of the invention provides that the coating is formed as a nano-coating. The nanocoating may contain or consist of nanoparticles. As already stated above, a coating can achieve both a greater surface area and a catalytic effect. With the help of nanocoating, these advantages can be exploited even more.

A development of the invention provides that the heat bed has at least one channel for the fuel introduction device, temperature measuring device, pressure measuring device and / or sampling device. Through the channel, said elements are positioned within the heat bed. The channel is advantageously positioned such that a fuel introduction position is optimal, that is to say in accordance with the above explanations. A channel bottom of the channel can have a coating, in particular a nano-coating. A development of the invention provides that the channel is formed open edge in the heat bed. Thus, it is possible to feed the fuel introduction device, temperature measuring device, pressure measuring device and / or sampling device from the outside into the heat bed.

A further development of the invention provides that the ceramic stones or the molded blocks have feet, between which the channel is formed. Thus, an arrangement results in which the channel for the fuel introduction device and the measuring devices is formed by simply arranging the ceramic or the molded blocks. This is advantageous in the construction of the device, since in this way no separate operation must be provided for the creation of the channel. If the channel bottom is to be coated, it is conceivable for a coating to be applied to at least one part of an upper side of the ceramic or shaped blocks before the device is mounted. This results in a coating of the channel bottom after assembly, that is a placement of the ceramic or molded blocks.

The device according to the invention for heating a fluid will now be illustrated by means of an embodiment which is illustrated in the drawing. Showing:

1 shows a device for heating a fluid with heat beds and a combustion chamber,

FIG. 2 shows an arrangement of a plurality of shaped bricks with a fuel lance used for introducing fuel, 3 shows a fuel introduction device and a temperature measuring device, which are arranged on a common fastening element, and

FIG. 4 shows the fuel introduction device and temperature measuring device designed as a common module.

The figure shows a device 1 for heating a fluid which can be flowed through by a fluid flow in the direction of the arrows 2. The device 1 is part of a not shown thermally regenerative or thermally catalytic exhaust gas purification device, the fluid is therefore an exhaust gas. The apparatus 1 has a combustion chamber 3, as well as an upstream-side warming bed 4a and a downstream-side warming bed 4b. The heat chains 4a, 4b are in this case formed by molded blocks 5, which have a honeycomb-shaped structure 8 whose surface is provided with a nano-coating. This nano-coating contains nanoparticles and is designed such that on the one hand it enlarges a surface of the honeycomb structure, so that a more efficient heat transfer can take place, and on the other hand has a catalytic effect. In the form of blocks 5 fuel introduction devices 6 are provided, which are introduced via channels 7 in the heat sinks 4a, 4b, as shown in Figure 2 can be seen. FIG. 2 also shows the honeycomb structure 8 of the molded blocks 5. The fuel introduction device is formed in this example as a fuel lance 9, the end has a fuel outlet opening 10. It can also be seen from FIG. 2 that the thermal bed 4 a, 4 b does not have to be constructed from a single molded block 5, but that an arrangement of molded blocks 5 can be used. In this case, the shaped blocks 5 both in the vertical and in the horizontal direction be combined. For placement in the vertical direction, the blocks 5 feet 11 or floor space. Through this, as illustrated in the illustrated example, the channel 7 may be formed. It can be provided in particular that the channel 7 is formed open in a molded stone edge, that is, has an opening 12 in a side surface 13 of the molded block 5.

To determine a local state in the heat bed 3, it is provided to position a measuring device 14 in the immediate vicinity of the fuel outlet opening 10. This can be formed by a temperature measuring device 15, which has a temperature measuring sensor 16.

Figure 3 shows an arrangement of fuel lance 9 and measuring device 14, wherein the fuel lance 9 and the measuring device 14 are designed as separate components. Both are fastened in a holding element 17, so that a relative position to each other is known. It is also preferable to provide a safeguard against displacement in the axial direction. It can be seen that the fuel lance 9 consists of an introduction tube 18 and a device which may be in the form of a nozzle 19. The nozzle 19 has the fuel outlet opening 10. The measuring device 14 is composed of a tube 20, a fastening device 21 for the temperature measuring sensor 16 and the temperature measuring sensor 16. In this case, the fastening device 21 is attached to the tube 20, which is preferably closed at the front. The measuring device 14 also has a protective device 22, which may be formed as a heat shield 23. The heat shield 23 is designed in such a way that it blocks the temperature. temperature sensor 16 shields, for example, from a direct influence of radiant heat or an influence by a flow velocity of the exhaust gas. It may be provided that the heat shield 23 surrounds the temperature measuring sensor 16 only partially and in particular in the direction of the fuel outlet opening 10 is aligned. Alternatively, it can also be provided that the heat shield 23, the temperature measuring sensor

16 circumferentially completely surrounds, and the temperature sensor 16 can only come into contact with the environment through, for example, an open front surface of the heat shield 23 or holes in the heat shield 23 with the environment. The nozzle 19 and the fuel outlet opening 10 of the fuel lance 9 is oriented such that it does not point in the direction of the temperature measuring sensor, not to influence a temperature measurement by introduced fuel 24, which often has a different temperature than the exhaust gas. For this purpose, the introduction tube 18 may be angled anywhere. The position at which fuel 24 is introduced through the fuel outlet opening 10 into the channel 7 via the nozzle 19 is referred to as the introduction point 25.

In the arrangement of fuel lance 9 and measuring device 14 shown in FIG. 3, in which attachment to a retaining element 17 is provided, care must be taken that the temperature measuring device 15 is located in the immediate vicinity of the fuel outlet opening 10 in order to localize the local condition to be able to determine the fuel outlet opening 10. This arrangement of fuel lance 9, measuring device 14 and holding element

17 is now, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, positioned in the channel 7 of the block 5. FIG. 4 shows an alternative arrangement of fuel introduction device 6 and measuring device 14. These are integrated in a common module 26. In this case, a tube 27 can be provided, in which both the fuel 24 is brought to the introduction point 25, and the temperature measuring device 15 is provided. Alternatively, the tube 27 can contain both the introduction tube 18 or the fuel lance 9 and the tube 20 in which the measuring device 14 is provided. This arrangement offers above all a space saving compared to that shown in FIG. Here too, the fuel outlet opening 10 preferably points away from the temperature measuring sensor 16. The temperature measuring sensor 16 is fixed here by way of example to the end of the tube 27, this end side is preferably closed and the fastening device 21 holds. However, the fastening device 21 or the temperature measuring sensor 16 may also be provided at any other point of the tube 27, as long as it is in the vicinity of the fuel outlet opening 10.

It is provided in particular that a bottom surface 28 of the channel 7 has a coating, in particular a catalytic coating. It may also be an entire surface of the molded block 5 coated.

Instead of the temperature measuring device 15 described above, any other measuring device 14 may be provided. For example, instead of the temperature measuring device 15, a pressure measuring device with a pressure measuring sensor or a sampling device with a sampling opening can be provided. The measuring device 14 is preferably not to a connected control unit, via which various parameters of the device 1 are controllable.

During operation of the device 1, the following function results: As can be seen in FIG. 1, during operation of the device 1, exhaust gas flows along the direction of flow indicated by the arrows 2. The exhaust gas first enters the heat bed 4 a, is heated there and enriched via the fuel outlet opening 10 with fuel 24. At the same time, for example, a temperature via the temperature measuring device 15 or the temperature measuring sensor 16 is determined by the measuring device 14 and directed to a control device (not shown). Based on this information, this control unit can influence an introduced quantity of the fuel 24 or influence other parameters of the device 1, for example, an introduced amount of exhaust gas. The introduced into the shaped block 5 of the heat bed 3 fuel 24 mixes with the guided in the direction of arrow 2 exhaust gas. The resulting exhaust gas fuel mixture continues to move in the direction of arrow 2. Within the heat bed 4 a, the exhaust gas begins to react with the air and fuel 24 therein, causing the temperature to rise. This reaction is accelerated in particular by a possibly provided coating, in particular catalytic coating, of the shaped blocks 5. After passing through the molded block 5, the exhaust gas-fuel mixture enters the combustion chamber 3. There, a fuel introduction device, not shown, as well as a likewise not shown ignition mechanism are provided. After passing through the combustion chamber 3, the exhaust gas enters the heat bed 4b, which also consists of a molded block 5, and leaves after passing through the device 1. Within the Heat bed 4b or the corresponding molded block 5, a further fuel introduction device 6 and / or a measuring device 14 may be provided. Thus, a further introduction of fuel 24 take place, should the exhaust gases after passing through the heat bed 4a and the combustion chamber 3 are not completely cleaned of pollutants.

In summary, the following advantages result from the described device 1 for heating a fluid: Within the device 1, comparatively high temperatures can be achieved within the entire device 1. At the same time, the maximum temperature which normally exists in the combustion chamber 3 decreases, since a part of the chemical reaction already takes place in the heat bath 4a or 4b. Also, there is a longer reaction time within the device 1, since the chemical reaction does not take place only in the combustion chamber 3, but already a flow path within the heat sinks 4a, 4b is used. It follows that a geometric design of the combustion chamber 3 can be comparatively small.

Claims

claims

1. A method for heating a fluid, which flows through a heat bed and the at least one fuel is supplied, characterized in that the fluid as it flows through the heat bed (4a, 4b) of the fuel (24) is supplied.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that an exhaust gas is used as the fluid.

3. The method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is used for cleaning the fluid.

4. The method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the temperature in the heat bed (4a, 4b) is determined.

5. The method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the temperature in the immediate vicinity of a Einbringstelle (25) of the fuel (24) is determined.

6. The method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the temperature determination takes place by temperature measurement.

7. The method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pressure of the fluid in the heat bed, in particular in the immediate vicinity of the Inlet point (25) of the fuel (24) is determined, in particular by pressure measurement.

8. The method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that a sample of fluid in the heat bed (4a, 4b), in particular in the immediate vicinity of the introduction point (25) of the fuel (24), takes place.

9. The method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that as a fuel (24) gaseous and / or liquid fuel used (24).

10. The method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the introduction quantity of the fuel (24) into the heat bed (4a, 4b) in dependence on the measured temperature, the measured pressure and / or the composition of the fluid obtained by sampling he follows.

11. A device for heating a fluid, in particular for carrying out the method according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein the device comprises at least one fluid-flowable heat bed and a fuel introduction device, wherein the fuel exiting from at least one fuel outlet opening, characterized in that the Fuel outlet opening (10) in the interior of the heat bed (4a, 4b) is arranged.

21

12. The device according to claim 11, characterized in that the Brennstoffeinbringvorrichtung (6) is provided with at least one fuel outlet opening (10) Einbringrohr (18).

13. The device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the Brennstoffeinbringvorrichtung (6) is a fuel lance (9) having the end of the fuel outlet opening (10).

14. Device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that a temperature measuring sensor (16) of a temperature measuring device (15) is arranged in the immediate vicinity of the fuel outlet opening (10).

15. The device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that fuel introduction device (6) and temperature measuring means (15) as a common module (26) are integrally formed.

16. The device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the immediate vicinity of the fuel outlet opening (10), a pressure measuring sensor of a pressure measuring device is arranged.

17. The device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that fuel introduction device (6) and pressure measuring device are integrally formed as a common module.

18. Device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that in immediate Nach- Barschaft to the fuel outlet opening (10) a sampling opening of a sampling device is provided.

19. The device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that Brennstoffeinbringvor- direction (6) and sampling device are integrally formed.

20. Device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heat bed (4a, 4b) comprises ceramic stones.

21. Device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heat bed (4a, 4b) molded blocks (5), preferably made of ceramic, having.

22. Device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ceramic and or molded blocks (5) are provided with a coating.

23. Device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the coating is formed as a nano-coating.

24. The device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heat bed (4a, 4b) has at least one channel (7) for the Brennstoffeinbringvorrichtung (6), temperature measuring device (15), pressure measuring device and / or sampling device.

25. Device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the channel (7) open edge in the heat bed (4a, 4b) is formed.

26. The device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ceramic stones or the stones (5) feet (11), between which the channel (7) is formed.