WO2010051755A1 - 立体绿化结构 - Google Patents

立体绿化结构 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010051755A1
WO2010051755A1 PCT/CN2009/074797 CN2009074797W WO2010051755A1 WO 2010051755 A1 WO2010051755 A1 WO 2010051755A1 CN 2009074797 W CN2009074797 W CN 2009074797W WO 2010051755 A1 WO2010051755 A1 WO 2010051755A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
water
soil
column
frame
dimensional
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Application number
PCT/CN2009/074797
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
胡祥裕
Original Assignee
Hu Xiangyu
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hu Xiangyu filed Critical Hu Xiangyu
Priority to JP2011534992A priority Critical patent/JP2012507303A/ja
Priority to US13/127,709 priority patent/US9468157B2/en
Priority to EP09824410.6A priority patent/EP2351479B1/en
Publication of WO2010051755A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010051755A1/zh

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Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/12Supports for plants; Trellis for strawberries or the like
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04HBUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H1/00Buildings or groups of buildings for dwelling or office purposes; General layout, e.g. modular co-ordination or staggered storeys
    • E04H1/02Dwelling houses; Buildings for temporary habitation, e.g. summer houses
    • E04H1/04Apartment houses arranged in two or more levels
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04HBUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H1/00Buildings or groups of buildings for dwelling or office purposes; General layout, e.g. modular co-ordination or staggered storeys
    • E04H1/06Office buildings; Banks
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/12Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries using renewable energies, e.g. solar water pumping

Definitions

  • the invention realizes the comprehensive utilization of the three-dimensional greening and the required soil and water and wind power generation in the building structure industry. It involves building reinforced concrete, wood structure, water supply and drainage, wind power generation, and mechanical transmission.
  • the number of cities in the world is increasing and increasing.
  • the urban vegetation has increased and decreased with the situation in various regions, but the vegetation cannot keep up with the development and expansion of the city.
  • Development and construction will destroy the green space, at least 2 / 3 of the vegetation will be reduced.
  • the maximum amount of waste can only reach 1/3 of the total development area, plus greenhouse gas emissions, factories, automobiles, etc.
  • Various exhaust emissions The edge of the desert is often polluted by sandstorms.
  • the increase in temperature on the earth has brought threats and challenges to civilization.
  • the existing vegetation is based on the ground and uses various plant habits to increase the area of the three-dimensional vegetation and the floor area.
  • the invention adopts a three-dimensional framework to support the whole production process of the soil and water planting plant and its three-dimensional frame structure and the required water, soil, electricity and mechanical transmission conditions.
  • the three-dimensional frame structure is made of reinforced concrete and wood, and is constructed with a multi-story three-dimensional frame to support water and soil for plant growth, survival and attachment, and related measures and conditions for planting, maintaining and maintaining plants to achieve three-dimensional vegetation. Plants can grow plants and see green plants and flowers in the lowest layer to the highest level of the building. They can be shaded by green shades and direct sunlight or required light. Comprehensive technical solutions for desertification and sandstorms Pollution.
  • the part of the water user who has not used any pollution can directly enter the water and soil tank through the water tank of the building structure to absorb the water.
  • pumping water with a pump using the frame structure column to make the water tower reservoir water and horizontal
  • the excess water should be drained, so that the water content in the soil does not exceed the humidity of the water circulation drainage structure.
  • the water and soil beam groove is divided into two layers, and the water and soil are separated by a horizontal partition. It is water, the section of the soil and soil beam trough is a V-shaped trough, the partition is covered by a block, there is a gap between the partition and the water-soil beam, and there is also a water circulation vertical partition, below the horizontal partition, from the both ends of the water-soil beam to the middle
  • the extensions each account for 1/3 of the total length.
  • the support flap (hereinafter referred to as the pallet beam) in the radial direction of the pallet beam is integrated with the beam.
  • the outer circle of the beam is tangent to the outer circle of the shaft in the flap, and can be rotated up and down as long as the rope inside and outside the flap is pulled.
  • the inside of the flap can be rotated down to the inside of the column up to 120° - 130 ° to adjust the shade of the shade or the direct sunlight and light required; the flap is made of a round fir with a diameter of 180-200 mm.
  • the selected plants are planted in the soil in the soil and water troughs. They are mainly vines, planted in water and soil troughs on both sides of each column, and planted with small trees or varieties of trees, shrubs, and herbaceous plants.
  • the rootstock is abutted; the species of the selected species is firstly based on the conditions and functions of the three-dimensional framework structure. To meet the needs of using vegetation to adjust the shade and lighting, and then adapt the plant to the climate, water and soil of each region. To choose the variety.
  • the habit of the vine is attached to other objects, where the vine is manually pulled onto the flap above the soil beam, and the vine wrapped around the column is separated from the vine on the flap, which does not hinder the rotation of the flap. Angle; the primary vine branches need to be looped on the grid of the flaps. Planting, maintenance, maintenance and installation and maintenance of the required three-dimensional vegetation require manual operation and management. It is a high-altitude operation. To ensure human safety, reduce labor intensity, improve work efficiency, and improve vegetation utilization, electric monorail is adopted.
  • the crane is installed under the beam at the highest level of the three-dimensional frame. According to the different structure of the frame structure, the linear structure has a straight structure and a curved line intersecting the straight line and the arc.
  • the pulley of the crane can be moved horizontally, left and right and arc according to the guide rail to reach the three-dimensional vegetation.
  • the height of the top layer is 5-7m, lift the basket to the pedal on the inside of the soil beam, and then fasten the carrying safety rope to the pallet beam. It is absolutely safe to work on the rope.
  • the monorail crane is a DC or AC motor that drives the pulley shaft.
  • the drive pulley block extends the left and right horizontal edges of the guide rail flange.
  • Below the pulley bracket is a DC or AC motor that drives the shaft roller hoisting mechanism to roll up the wire rope to lift the basket.
  • the lifting weight does not exceed One ton.
  • the diameter of the column is enlarged to make the water of the hollow column, and the hollow column is laterally partitioned by the distance of the height of the 3-5 vegetation frame.
  • the inlet pipe is installed on each section, and the vent hole is opened.
  • the number of outlet pipes and column water towers depends on the vegetation area.
  • the vegetation grid along the inner part of the background housing part also needs to be installed with vegetation flaps.
  • the next layer of water is used to make a layer of water beams. Only small shrubs, flowers and plants, no vines are planted, no vines are planted.
  • the board is for lighting and ventilation; the distance from the ground to the first layer of soil and water beam is 6 8 m, which does not affect transportation and various activities: the outlet pipe is installed at every inlet of each layer of water and soil beam, using electronically controlled electromagnetic Wide door, controlling high-level water supply on the ground; using pumping scheme.
  • the column structure or the column water tower is used as the tower of the wind turbine, and the column is further increased by 35 m to be connected with the wind turbine tower structure.
  • it is easier and less expensive to maintain wind turbines than independent towers only small wind turbines are installed, which have less noise pollution, less than cars and three-dimensional in downtown areas. Noise pollution of sound and construction machinery; Small wind turbines can generate electricity only at a wind speed of 3m / s for many years: The electricity and time requirements are not strict here, and the energy storage method can be used to allocate electricity.
  • Wind turbine manufacturers can guarantee the provision of wind turbines from the field inspection to the design, production, installation and operation of the entire process.
  • the above is the difference or the same between the single-row structure and the connected structure, and other structural maintenance and use methods are the same as the connected structure.
  • the frame structure of the background building and the site may not be equipped with vegetation flaps to reduce cost investment and manual maintenance and repair costs; the top beam of the frame is made of water in the joint water tank, and the water pipe is installed at the bottom of the water tank; Pumping plan. In places where power supply is not available and water volume is large, wind turbines can be installed to provide power supply; increase the column and increase the diameter of the column to make the column tower or column wind turbine.
  • the single-row structure is adopted, and there is a straight or curved structure.
  • the frame columns are constructed in the east, south and west directions, only 20 m.
  • the following frame structure no crane is installed, the ladder is used to provide people with up and down work, carrying safety equipment; pumping scheme is adopted; the top beam of the frame is made into the sink water, and the water outlet is installed at the bottom of the tank: no vegetation flaps or partial parts are required installation.
  • the framework of all the above structures should be 5 - 10m higher than the background houses and other buildings.
  • the Gobi Desert the desert and other areas adjacent to the wind erosion are the most important areas for the movement of sand dunes and wind-blown sands.
  • the wind and sand are strong, accumulating quickly, forming flaky sand and sand dunes, and the sands will be green and earth.
  • Sand barriers are flat and upright; upright and divided into three types, with high vertical obstacles, 50cm - 100cm above the ground; low vertical obstacles 15-50 cm out of the ground: Semi-concealed obstacles are buried in the sand and only part of the top is exposed. Planted by plants, trees, plants and grass, according to the windward and leeward faces. Grass belts and forest belts, reducing wind speed, sand blocking, sand fixing, these methods have played a very good effect, most of which are worthy of long-term promotion and application. But for China's vast marginal desert and Gobi, plus close In the early morning desert, there is less rainfall, and the harsh weather environment with long-term wind and sand is too small and the time is too long. Too slow. Reference (Climate Change and Desertification), published by the Meteorological Press in March 2003.
  • the single-row structure of the three-dimensional frame is adopted, and the pile foundation is constructed in the oasis and the Gobi, the desert, and the periphery of the junction.
  • the pile foundation is constructed on the windward side of the wind-blown entrance at the long-term wind, and the shape of the structural frame is as follows.
  • the strongest windward surface perpendicular to the convex arc surface gradually extends to the lateral curves of the two sides. The length depends on the wind direction. Each section is 200-300 m long. If the terrain needs to be disconnected, the horizontal curve extends again. Ground or sand surface, 1.
  • the height of the first and second layers of water and soil beams (; groove depth;) is 80-100cm, and the above layers are 50cm.
  • the angle between the upper and lower water-soil beams is crossed by the network; the distance between the upper and lower beams is between 3 and 3.5 m, and the total height of the frame structure is between 10 and 15 m.
  • the single-row double-row three-dimensional frame structure is adopted, and the structural frame plane is perpendicular to the strongest windward surface, and the structure is 50-80 m in the downwind direction of the single-row single-row frame structure, the length is 40-50 m, and the height is about 40 m;
  • Wind tower the distance between wind turbines or the number and number of water towers, depending on the length of the single-row frame structure and the vegetation area of the ground; the wind turbines provide electric power to pump water, reservoir water, to irrigate all plants . Planting plants on the leeward side can ensure that it is not covered by sand and sand, and that water is used for plant absorption.
  • the required water source can be pumped from the well.
  • the sand When the sand passes through the three-dimensional vegetation, a part of the sand hits the leaf pole of the plant and the frame falls around the frame. A part of the sand falls with the wind of the deceleration not far from the leeward side of the frame. Under normal circumstances, the sand behind the vegetation does not Because of the deceleration wind passing through the three-dimensional vegetation, the sand is rolled up. Because of the height and strength of the three-dimensional frame, it can resist the attack of strong sandstorms. It lasts for a long time, prevents the mobile sand dunes from spreading to the oasis, and the protection area is large, which can form a virtuous circle. .
  • Figure l_a is a front view of the connected structure of the present invention.
  • Figure 1-b is a left side view of the connected structure of the present invention.
  • Figure 1-c is a partial enlarged cross-sectional view of the present invention.
  • Figure 2-a is a top view of the connected structure of the present invention.
  • Figure 2-b is a partial enlarged cross-sectional view of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the horizontal structure of the joint structure of the present invention.
  • Figure 4-a is a front view of the double row structure of the present invention, omitting the plant pattern
  • Figure 4-b is a left side view of the double row raft structure of the present invention, omitting the plant pattern
  • Figure 4-c is a partial enlarged cross-sectional view of the single-row column water column of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a plan view of the double row structure of the monomer of the present invention, omitting the plant pattern, 6-a is a schematic view showing the structure of a double-row structure of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6-b is a schematic view showing the linear structure of the double row structure of the present invention.
  • Figure 7-a is a front view of the single-row trapezoidal circulation structure of the present invention, omitting the plant pattern
  • Figure 7-b is a left side view of the single-row trapezoidal circulation structure of the present invention, omitting the plant pattern
  • Figure 7-c is a top view of the single-row trapezoidal circulation structure of the present invention, omitting the plant pattern
  • Figure 8-a is a schematic plan view of a single-row trapezoidal circulation structure of the present invention in a straight line cycle.
  • Figure 8-b is a schematic diagram showing the cycle of the top view of the single-row trapezoidal circulation structure of the present invention.
  • Figure 9-a is a front view of a single row of façades of the present invention, omitting plant graphics
  • Figure 9-b is a cross-sectional view of the single row E-E of the present invention, omitting the plant pattern
  • Figure 9-c is a cross-sectional view of the single row F-F of the present invention, omitting the plant pattern.
  • Figure 2-d-e's conjoined structure separated from the house 10 by a certain distance, framed on the outer edge of the east, south and west, framed column foundation 1, column 4 A 5m is the soil and water trough beam (hereinafter referred to as the water and soil beam), and the upper part is the water and soil trough 3.
  • the V-shaped trough is divided into two layers, the top is the soil 4, the bottom is the water 5 and the sand 6, and the middle is the horizontal partition 7.
  • the block is covered to separate the water and soil, and the vertical partition 8 is a water circulation structure; the water and soil beam 2 is connected to the water tank beam (hereinafter referred to as the water beam; (the water beam 9 is connected, and the other end of the water beam is connected to the house 10, and the water user will be used)
  • the waste water is connected to the water-passing beam 9 through the discharge water pipe 11, and the water passes through the water beam to the water inlet 13 outside the vertical water-blocking plate 12 at the end of the water-soil beam, and enters the water-soil tank; the water passes through the side of the vertical partition 8 and passes through the sand.
  • 3m is the support plate beam (hereinafter referred to as the pallet beam) support plate beam 14 It is circular, with a radial extension in the direction of the horns 15 , 2 - 6 pairs of the flaps 16 , the middle shaft 17 on the flap 16 is extended in the direction of the hole and perforated small round 18: the ends of the small round
  • the head is connected to the square wooden strip 19 ⁇ , and the fiber rope 34 is installed in the upper and lower sides of the flap 16 and connected to each floor from the top to the bottom of the vertical column to the ground. The angle of the flap can be adjusted on the ground with two ropes.
  • the two ropes can be placed on the ground ring 42; the outer circle of the flap beam is tangent to the outer circle of the shaft of the flap: the plant 22 is planted in the soil and water tank, and the 41 leaves of the plant vine are covered on the flap.
  • a single slide rail 24 is mounted on the top frame cross member 23 of the stereo frame of Fig. 1a-b and Fig. 2-d, and the pulley (25) pulley 25 is mounted on the slide rail, and the pulley shaft 27 is driven to slide by a motor 26.
  • the rail moves laterally to the left and right.
  • Below the pulley bracket 28 is a hoist mechanism 29.
  • the motor shaft 26 drives the shaft drum 30 to wind up the wire rope 31 to lift the basket 32.
  • the basket must be lifted to the highest layer and then moved up and down, and the human and the object can be The basket reaches the pedal 33 of each vertical vertical grid of the three-dimensional vegetation frame.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view of a structural plan of a structural frame of a building with a conjoined structure in a plan view, showing various shapes and structures One.
  • the hollow column is divided into 3-5 layers of vegetation frame height, and an inlet pipe 35 is installed on each section, and an exhaust hole 36 is opened, and an outlet pipe 11 is installed below to connect with the water inlet 13 of the upper opening of the soil beam.
  • Use frame column heightening or column water tower 44 to increase 3-5m and wind turbine 39 steel structure tower 38, can install wind turbine 39, provide electric water supply pump (37) pumping, monorail crane 43, lighting power.
  • Water pump 37 is used to pump water through the inlet pipe 35 to the column water tower 44 reservoir water; the irrigation water 5 required here can be collected by simple treatment with wastewater and sewage into the pool 47 water pump pumping irrigation.

Description

说 日月 ^
立体绿化结构
技术领域
本发明是以建筑结构业达到立体绿化和所需水土与风力发电的综合利用。 涉及建筑钢筋 混凝土、 木结构、 给排水、 风力发电、 机械传动。
背景技术
世界各国的城市日益增多、 加大, 城市植被随各区域情况有增有减, 但植被跟不上城市 的发展和扩大。开发建设要破坏一遍绿地, 至少要减少 2 / 3的植被, 当房屋建成后再来补种 楦物最多也只能达到总开发面积的 1 / 3, 再加上温室气体的排放, 工厂、 汽车等各种废气的 排放。 靠近沙漠的边缘地区经常受到沙尘暴的污染。 地球气温的增高给人类带来了威胁与挑 战, 现有植被是以地面为基础, 利用各种植物的习性来达到增加立体植被面积及地面面积。 有的也只是在阳台或高楼的顶层进行绿化, 有的在立交桥两边, 高速公路围栏增加植被。 这 些远远跟不上城市的发展壮大给空气带来的污染和植被的减少、 破坏。
发明内容
本发明是以立体框架来承装水土种植植物的整套生产过程及其立体框架结构和所需水、 土、 电、 机械传动的措施条件。 以各种房屋、 建筑物、 场地为背景相对都能得到绿荫遮蔽, 可提供新鲜空气和氧气; 夏天可降低室内温度, 减少空调使用时间, 减少温室气体的排放量; 可吸收有毒气体和起到治理环境污染的作用。 所述立体框架结构是以钢筋混凝土、 木材为材 料, 筑成多高层立体框架来承装水土供植物生长、 生存附着的基础和人为种植、 维护、 保养 植物的相关措施和条件, 以达到立体植被植物相对建筑房屋的最低层至最高层的各层都能种 植植物并能看到绿色植物和花朵, 得到绿荫的遮蔽和太阳的直射光或所需亮光, 以综合技术 方案治理沙漠化及沙尘暴的污染。
(一)为使植物立体生存生长在多种建筑、 房屋、 场地为背景的周围 (以下将房屋及其它建 筑物、场地作为背景来说明;)达到立体绿化林的目的,又要降低建筑成本和维护、保养的费用、 现采用四种立体框架结构利用木制翻板调节植被的旋转角, 起到提供绿荫、 阳光、 和通风的 技术方案为例。
1、 连体结构, 2、 单体双排结构, 3、 单体单排梯形循环结构, 4、 单体单排结构 (指水平 俯视形状), 5、 植被翻板调节角度。
(二)为使植物生长所需水的给排与土、 砂配合的三种技术方案。
1、 用水用户用过的部分无大污染的 (厕所和有毒的污水排开)水可直接通过建筑结构构造 的过水槽进入水土槽供植物的生长吸收水。 2、用水泵抽水, 以框架结构立柱做水塔库水和横 梁水槽库水, 供植物的生长吸收水。 3、 为使植物能良好的生长要排出多余的水, 使土壤中的 含水量不超一定的湿度的水循环排水结构。
(三)为使多种场所都能种植立体植被植物所需水土及维护、 保养所需条件的技术方案。 1、 采用风力发电机组发电或电网提供电源, 供抽水和单轨吊车及照明的用电。 2、 以立体框 架自身结构立柱作为风力发电机组的塔架结构。
(四)以电力带动单轨吊车, 来达到上下、 左右周围的运输土、 植物、 种植植物、 修剪维 护植物、 安装维修设施的技术方案。
以高层住宅或办公楼为例: 采用连体结构, 在房屋朝东、南、西三个方向 (太阳在地球起、 升、 落的相对方位)的外缘平行房屋有一定距离, 从桩基开始构筑框架立柱、, 从地面立柱以 上 4一 5m横向是托水土槽横梁 (以下简称水土梁;)供承装水土种植植物, 纵向过水槽横梁 (以下 简称过水梁)与房屋结构连成一体, 将用水户的废水经排出水管与过水梁连接, 水从过水梁流 到水土梁槽内, 水土梁槽内分为二层, 用水平隔板将水土隔开, 上面是土, 下面是水, 水土 梁槽截面为 V型槽, 隔板分块铺盖, 隔板与水土梁之间有间隙, 另外还有水循环竖隔板, 在 水平隔板下面, 从水土梁的两端向中间延伸各占总长的 1 / 3。 在立柱的两侧面有纵向竖挡水 土板。 水从立柱中间的过水梁过来经挡板下的进水口进入水土槽, 入水口处用粗砂子直径约 3-5mm, 中间及出口的砂子直径约 0. 5—1 . 5mm。 当水位上升到水平隔板下面时多余的水 就从以挡板下的另一侧出水口经排水口排出。
在水土梁上面 1 . 2-1 . 3m处是托翻板横梁 (以下简称托板梁)在托板梁截面径向与梁连 成一体有牛角耳 2— 6对勾住翻板中轴,托板梁外圆与翻板中轴外圆相切,只要拉动翻板内外 的绳子就可上下旋转。翻板上边向立柱内侧往下旋转可达 120° — 130 ° 来调节绿荫的遮蔽或 所需太阳直射光和亮光; 翻板是用一根直径在 180— 200 mm 的圆杉木作为中轴, 再用 50--60mm的圆杉木, 从中轴延长度方向按一定的距离均分打孔穿插小园木, 再用方木打眼与 小圆木的端头连接, 型成网格; 在翻板上下边缘安装纤维绳子、 内外两根, 从最高层或再下 一层的翻板安装起向下每一层相连直到地面, 人在地面上拉内外的绳子就可调节翻板角度。
将选好的植物种植在水土梁槽内的土壤里, 现以藤本植物为主, 种植在每一层立柱两边 的水土梁槽内, 中间种植小乔木或变种乔木、 小灌木、 草本植物, 利用砧木靠接; 选什么品 种的楦物, 首先以立体框架结构的条件和作用为基础, 要达到利用植被调节绿荫及采光的需 要, 再以植物对各区域的气候, 水、 土壤的适应情况来选种品种。
藤本植物的习性喜攀缘附着在其它物体上,在这里经人工将藤牵至水土梁上面的翻板上, 缠在立柱上的藤与翻板上的藤要分开, 不防碍翻板的旋转角度; 初生藤枝条需用细绳圈套在 翻板的网格上。 整体立体植被的种植、 维护、 保养及所需设施的安装维修, 需要人工作业和管理, 属高 空作业, 为保证人的安全, 减轻劳动强度, 提高工作效率, 提高植被的利用率, 采用电动单 轨吊车、 安装在立体框架最高层的横梁下, 按框架结构的不同滑轨有直线结构和直线与弧线 相交的曲线结构, 吊车滑轮可按滑轨导向水平、 左右、 弧线移动, 到达立体植被的每一个垂 直网格, 最上面一层的高度在 5— 7m, 将吊篮提升到水土梁内侧的踏板上, 再将携带的安全 绳套扣在托板梁上, 人身上的安全带套扣在绳上可绝对安全的进行作业。
单轨吊车是一台直流或交流电动机带动滑轮轴, 驱动滑轮组延导轨翼缘左右水平移动, 滑轮支架下面是一台直流或交流电动机带动转轴滚筒卷扬机构卷起钢丝绳来升降吊篮, 提升 重量不超过一吨。
当高层楼房下面是大型起市、 商场、 俱乐部、 剧院, 另一种情况是大型体育馆、 冶炼厂、 电厂 (烟囱)采用单体双排直线或曲线结构, (这里所指的曲线是水平面摆角形成的不等角曲 线), 它不与房屋结构相连, 距离背景房屋平行 4 8 m朝东、 南、 西三个方向, 构筑内沿线 立柱横梁相连构筑外沿线立柱, 按结构高度的不同, 双排立柱之间的距离可大可小。 采用框 架自身结构,将立柱直径扩大做成空心立柱库水,分 3— 5层植被框架高度的距离把空心立柱 横向隔断, 在每一节上面安装进水管, 并开排气孔, ·下面安装出水管, 立柱水塔间隔个数按 植被面积而定。
在单体双排结构框架高出背景房屋部分内侧沿线网格也需安装植被翻板, 下面每隔一层 做一层水上梁, 只种植小灌木, 花草植物, 不种植藤本植物, 不做翻板, 为采光、 通风; 从 地面到第一层水土梁的距离为 6 8 m不影响运输和各种活动:出水管安在每层水土梁上口的 每一处进水口, 采用电控电磁阔门, 在地面控制高层给水; 采用水泵抽方案。
水泵抽水己是成熟的技术, 可按实际情去应用, 参照由化学工业板社出版发行 2007年 1 月北京第一次印刷 (水泵及泵站设计计算一书)。
对于风能资源较丰富的地区, 可利用成熟的风力发电技术: 利用框架结构的立柱或立柱 水塔作为风力发电机组的塔架, 将立柱再增高 3 5m与风力发电机组钢结构塔架相连接, 可 减省同等高度风力发电机组塔架成本的 80 %左右, 同时为维修风力发电机组较独立塔架方便 容易及减省费用: 只安装小型风力发电机组其噪音污染小, 在闹市区小于汽车、 立体音响、 施工机械的噪音污染; 小型风力发电机组只需长年风速在 3m / s就可发电: 在这里用电对时 间的要求不严, 还可利用蓄能的方法调配用电。
风力发电机组的生产厂家可以保证提供从实地考查到设计、 生产、 安装运营的全过程的 风力电机组。 例: 新疆金风科技股份有限公司、 上海申新风力发电设备有限公司, 参照 (风电 场工程技术手册)。 由机械工业出版社 2004年 3月出版。 以上所述是单体双排结构与连体结构的不同之处或相同之处, 其它结构维护和使用方法 都与连体结构相同。
在码头、 火车站、 立交桥、 工厂、 体育场、 广场这些地方的背景建筑, 既有房屋, 又有 长距离建筑物和开敞大面积平地, 它们总的特点是背景建筑的高度不是很高, 现采用单体单 排梯形循环结构, 有直线循环和摆角循环曲线结构, 朝东、 南、 西三个方向构筑框架立柱, 只限在 40m以下框架结构, 不安装吊车, 用爬梯供人上下作业, 携带安全设备。
在立交桥、 体育场、 广场这些背景建筑及场地的框架结构可不安装植被翻板, 以减省成 本投资和人工维护维修费用; 框架顶层横梁做成联通水槽库水, 在水槽底部安装出水管; 以 水泵抽水方案。 在无法提供电源, 需水量又大的地方, 可安装风力发电机组提供电能电源; 增高立柱和增大立柱直径做立柱水塔或立柱风力发电机绍塔架。
以上所述是单体单排梯形循环结构与前面两种结构的不同之处或相同之处, 其它植被翻 板、 维护、 使用方法都与前面两种相同。
在高速公路、 铁路的两边、 广场、 公路、 工厂较低的背景场地, 采用单体单排结构, 有 直线或曲线结构, 朝东、 南、 西三个方向构筑框架立柱, 只限在 20 m以下框架结构; 不安装 吊车, 用爬梯提供人上下作业, 携带安全设备; 采用水泵抽水方案; 框架顶层横梁做成水槽 库水, 在水槽底部安装出水管: 可不安装植被翻板, 或局部需要部分安装。
以上所述是单体单排结构与前面三种结构的不同之处或相同之处, 其它植被、 维护、 使 用方法都与前面三种相同。
以上所有结构的框架都要高出背景房屋及其它建筑物 5— 10m。
以综合立体框架结构及方法, 治理沙漠化、 沙尘暴的污染。
靠近绿洲外围的戈壁, 沙漠等风蚀地相毗连的地带, 是造成流动沙丘和风沙流对绿洲危 害最主要的地带, 风沙来势猛, 堆积快, 形成片状积沙、 沙丘, 流沙将绿地及土层覆盖, 使 植物难以生存, 再加上长年降雨量少, 蒸发量大, 植物靠自然生长困难: 在这些地区人们采 用了各种治沙方法: 首先是育林育草恢复天然植被, 同时为保护林草采用了各种各样的方式 方法, 工程措施固沙 (沙障固沙; (用枝条、 秸杆、 砾石、 板条、 麦秸、 塑板等材料在地表设置 各种形式的障碍物来阻沙、 控制风沙流方向、 速度、 结构。 沙障有平铺式、 直立式两类; 直 立式又分三种,有高立式障碍物,高出地面 50cm— 100cm;低立式障碍物高出地面 15— 50 cm: 半隐蔽式障碍物埋在沙中只有部分顶端露出。 以植物、 乔、 灌、 草混合种植, 按迎风面和背 风面, 形成灌草带和林带, 降低风速, 阻沙、 固沙的作用, 这些方式方法都起到了很好的效 果, 大部分是值得长期推广和应用的。 但是针对我国辽阔的边缘沙漠及戈壁, 再加上靠近干 早沙漠地带降雨量少, 长年风沙不断的恶劣气候环境来讲, 所能形成的规模太小, 时间太长, 速度太慢。 参照 (气候变化与荒漠化)一书, 由气象出版社出版 2003年 3月。
首先采用立体框架单体单排结构, 以绿洲与戈壁、 沙漠、 交接处外围, 要能构筑桩基的 地方, 在长年风沙风向入口处的迎风面开始构筑桩基, 结构框架的俯视形状, 以凸圆弧面垂 直最强的迎风面, 逐渐向两边横向曲线延伸, 长度按风带走向而定, 每一节长在 200-300m, 如果地形的需要可断开, 重新横向曲线延伸, 以地面或沙表面, 1. 5-2m开始构筑水土梁, 第 1一 2层水土梁高度 (;槽深;)按 80-100cm, 以上各层按 50cm。 在上下水土梁之间用斜角交叉 网络; 上下梁的距离 3-3. 5m之间, 框架结构总高度在 10— 15m。
再采用单体双排立体框架结构, 结构框架平面垂直于最强的迎风面, 其结构在单体单排 框架结构顺风向后 50-80m, 长度 40-50m, 高度 40m左右; 构筑立柱水塔、 风塔, 风力发电 机组的间隔距离或水塔台数、 个数, 按单体单排框架结构的长度植被面积和地面植被面积而 定; 以风力发电机组提供电能电源抽水、 库水、 来灌溉所有植物。 再在背风面种植植物既能 保证不被风沙流覆盖, 又有水供植物吸收, 所需水源可用打井取水抽水。
当风沙穿过立体植被时, 一部分沙子撞在植物的叶杆上和框架上落在框架周围, 一部分 沙子随减速的风落在框架背风面不远处, 在一般情况下植被后面的沙子不会因穿过立体植被 的减速风再将其沙子卷起, 因立体框架的高度、 强度、 可抵御较强沙尘暴的袭击, 持续时间 长, 阻止流动沙丘向绿洲蔓延, 保护面积大, 可形成良性循环。
在超市、 商场、 俱乐部、 剧院、 公园、 广场的大门前或某个优美的环境旁要立起这样一 个高耸的建筑物框架, 再加上植物的枝叶, 在一定程度上会挡住人们观望优美建筑的视线, 造成视觉污染, 为此要将这些背景建筑相对立体框架的距离加大, 再用各种艺术造型, 将框 架的立柱、 横梁进行艺术加工来增加人们的美感视觉。
附图说明
图 l_a是本发明连体结构主视图,
图 1-b是本发明连体结构左视图,
图 1-c是本发明局部放大剖视图,
图 2-a是本发明连体结构俯视图,
图 2-b是本发明局部放大剖视图,
图 3是本发明连体结构水平俯视品字形结构示意图,
图 4-a是本发明单体双排结构主视图, 省略植物图形,
图 4-b是本发明单体双排鲇构左视图, 省略植物图形,
图 4-c是本发明单体双排结构立柱水塔的局部放大剖面图,
图 5是本发明单体双排结构俯视图, 省略植物图形, 图 6-a是本发明单体双排结构俯视曲线结构示意图,
图 6-b是本发明单体双排结构俯视直线结构示意图。
图 7-a是本发明单体单排梯形循环结构主视图, 省略植物图形,
图 7-b是本发明单体单排梯形循环结构左视图, 省略植物图形,
图 7-c是本发明单体单排梯形循环结构俯视图, 省略植物图形,
图 8-a是本发明单体单排梯形循环结构俯视直线循环示意图,
图 8-b是本发明单体单排梯形循环结构俯视图曲线循环示意图,
图 9-a是本发明单体单排立面主视图, 省略植物图形,
图 9-b是本发明单体单排 E-E向剖视图, 省略植物图形,
图 9-c是本发明单体单排 F-F向剖视图, 省略植物图形。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步的描述
按图 1一 a— b— c, 图 2— d— e的连体结构, 距离房屋 10平行相隔一定距离, 朝东、 南、 西三个方向外缘构筑框架桩基立柱 1、立柱上 4一 5m是水土槽横梁 (以下简称水土梁)水土梁 2、 上内是水土槽 3为 V字型槽分二层, 上面是土 4, 下面是水 5与沙 6, 中间是水平隔板 7分 块铺盖将水土隔开, 竖隔板 8是水循环结构; 水土梁 2与过水槽横梁 (以下简称过水梁; (过水 梁 9相连, 过水梁另一端与房屋 10相连,将用水用户的废水经排出水管 11与过水梁 9相接, 水经过水梁到水土梁端头的竖挡水板 12外的进水口 13进入水土槽; 水经竖隔板 8的一侧再 经沙循环, 多余的水从另一侧出水口 20经排水口 21排出; 土从水平隔板的间隙中吸水, 水 也会因蒸发进入土壤。 在图 1一 a— b— c, 图 2— d,水土梁上 1. 2-1. 3m是托翻板横梁 (以 下简称托板梁)托板梁 14截面是圆形,径向延长度方向间隔有牛角耳 15, 2— 6对勾住翻板 16, 翻板 16上的中轴 17延长度方向间隔打孔穿插小圆木 18: 小圆木两端头与方木条 19榫卯相 连, 在翻板 16上下两边中间安套纤维绳子 34, 在立柱内外从上到下面每层翻板相连直到地 面, 用两根绳就可在地面调节翻板角度, 定位后两根绳子可套在地环上 42; 翻板梁外圆与翻 板中轴外圆相切: 将植物 22种植在水土槽内, 将植物藤 41枝条叶覆盖在翻板上。
在图 1一 a— b与图 2— d的立体框架顶层横梁 23上安装单滑轨 24, 将吊车 (43)滑轮 25, 安装在滑轨上,用一台电动机 26带动滑轮轴 27延滑轨横向左右移动,滑轮支架 28下面是卷 扬机机构 29, 用一台电动机 26带动转轴滚筒 30卷起钢丝绳 31来升降吊篮 32; 吊篮必须提 升到最高层再左右移动升降, 人和物可经吊篮到达立体植被框架的每一层垂直上下网格的踏 板 33上。
图 3是连体结构俯视为品字型楼房的结构框架示意图的施工方案, 表示多种形状结构的 一种。
以上所述是连体结构。 当高层楼房下面是大型超市、 商场、 俱乐部、 剧院, 另一种 情况是体育场、 冶炼厂、 电厂 (烟囱)按图 4 a— b— c或图 5单体双排结构, 在图 6— d— e有 直线或曲线结构, 距离房屋 10平行 4 8m, 朝东、 南、西三个方向构筑内线立柱 1与过水梁 9相连在与外线立柱 1相连。 将部分立柱直径扩大做成空心立柱水塔 44库水。 把空心立柱分 3-5层植被框架的高度隔断, 在每一节上面安装进水管 35, 开排气孔 36, 下面安装出水管 11与水土梁上口的进水口 13相接。 在供水源头安装电控电碰阀门, 在地面控制高层给水。
采用框架立柱增高或立柱水塔 44增高 3— 5m与风力发电机组 39钢结构塔架 38相接, 可安装风力发电机组 39, 提供电能供水泵 (37)抽水, 单轨吊车 43, 照明用电。 采用水泵 37 抽水经进水管 35到立柱水塔 44库水; 这里所需灌溉水 5可以用废水、 污水通过简单处理汇 集到水池 47供水泵抽水灌溉。
以上所述是单体双排结构与连体结构的不同之处或相同之处,其它结构植被翻板、维护、 使用方法都与连体结构相同。
在码头、 火车站、 立交桥、 工厂、 体育场按图 7— a b c单体单排梯形循环结构, 在图 8— d— e有直线循环或曲线摆角循环结构, 距离房屋 10 定距离平行, 朝东、 南、 西三个方 向构筑框架立柱 1 ; 只限在 40m以下框架结构, 不安装吊车, 用爬梯 40供人上下作业。在立 交桥、 体育场、 广场这些背景建筑及场地的框架结构可安可不安装植被被翻板; 框架顶层横 梁做联通水槽 48库水, 在水槽底部 安装出水管 11, 在无法提供电能电源, 需水量大的情 况下, 也可利用框架立柱水塔增高做风力发电机 组塔架安装风力机发电, 提供电能抽水。
以上所述是单体单排梯形循环结构与前面两种结构的不同之处或相同之处, 其它植被翻 板、 维护、 使用方法都与前面两种结构相同。
在高速公路, 铁路的两边, 广场、 公园、 工厂较低的背景场地, 按图 9_a_b_c单体单 排结构, 有直线或曲线结构, 朝东、 南、 西三个方向, 构筑框架立柱 1只限在 20m以下框 架结构, 不安装吊车, 用爬梯 40供人上下作业; 框架顶层做成水槽 48库水, 在水槽底部 安装出水管, 可安可不安装植被翻 板: 采用水泵 37抽水方案。
以上所述是单体单排结构与前面三种结构不同之处或相同之处, 其它植被维护、 使用方 法都与前 面三种结构相同。

Claims

权利 要 求书
1、一种立体绿化林立体水库及其结构与风力发电、机械传动的综合方式方法,其特征是, 以钢筋混凝土、 木材为材料, 在背景房屋或其它建筑物及场地周围构筑立体框架结构 (46)来 承装水 (5)土 (4)种植植物 (22); 利用植被 (45)翻版 (16)调节绿荫、 采光; 利用风力发电机组 (39) 发电; 利用井水或各种废水污水作简单处理供植物吸收水; 利用水泵 (37)抽水灌溉; 利用单 轨吊车 (43)进行作业; 以综合技术方案治理沙漠化, 治理沙尘暴的污染。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述立体绿化林立体水库, 其特征是, 将植物 (22)种植在立体框架结 构 (46)的水土槽 (3)内,可从建筑房屋 (10)或其它建筑物,场地相对的最低层到最高层都能种植 植物 (22), 利用立体框架结构 (46)自身的立柱、 横梁做成空心立柱水塔 (44)或水槽 (48)库水或 房屋顶屋做水池 (47)或地下水池库水, 利用井水或各种废水、 污水 (5), 利用住宅、 办公楼及 商场大厦的用水用户用过的废水 (厕所用水排开)可直接通过立体框架的过水梁 (9)流到水土槽 (3)内, 或打井用水泵 (37)抽水到水塔 (44)或水槽 (48), 其它废水污水 (有毒水排开)作简单处理 汇集到水池 (47)。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述, 风力发电、 机械传动、 抽水灌溉, 其特征是, 利用成熟的风力 发电技术, 利用立体框架自身结构做风力发电机组 (39)的塔架 (38), 安装风力发电机组 (39)发 电。 利用电能驱动机械滑轮 (25)组能在高层建筑物的横梁 (23)的滑轨 (24)上横向左右移动, 并 能上下升降的机构单轨吊车, 以框架立柱 (1)自身结构, 将立柱直径增大或增高或增高水塔立 柱 (44)与风力机塔架 (38)相连, 利用成熟的水泵抽水技术, 在水井水池 (47)上面安装水泵 (37), 可用风力发电的电源或电网电源。
4、根据要求要 1或 2所述立体绿化林立体框架结构, 其特征是, 利用钢筋混凝土构筑多 根立柱 (1)支撑上面的多层水土梁 (2)或过水梁 (9)来承装水土, 其每一层上面是托板梁 (14)托住 木制翻板 (16), 水土梁 (2)上面是水土槽 (3)水土槽截面为 V安形结构, 分二层, 上面是土 (4;) 下面是水 (5)砂 (6;)中间是水平隔板,水平隔板下面有水循环竖隔板 (8)水土槽两端面有纵向挡水 土板 (12)挡板外或下是进水口(13)或出水口 (20)排水口 (21)在水土梁内侧与水土梁 (2)是平行的 踏板 (33)。
5、 根据权利要求 1或 4所述, 利用植被 45翻板 (16)调节绿荫、 采光, 其特征是, 将植 物 (22)的藤 (41)牵到木制翻板 (16)的网格上, 翻板可根据太阳直射光旋转角度 120° , 可平行 或垂直太阳的直射光, 利用大圆木做中轴 (17), 用小圆木 (18)延中轴长度方向间隔穿插在中轴 (17)上做成网格, 小圆木两端头与方木条 (19)榫卯相连, 在翻板 (16)上下边缘中间安套纤维绳 子 (34), 在立柱 (1)内外从上到下每一层翻板相连直到地面, 绳子可栓在地环 (42)上, 利用框架 结构做成截面为圆形的横梁, 延长度方向间隔有 2— 6时牛角耳勾住翻板 (16)的中轴 (17), 中 轴的外圆与托板梁 (14)的外圆相切。
6、根据权利要求 1所述, 单轨吊车其特征是, 先将单滑轮安装在立体框架的最高层横梁 (23)上再将吊车 (43)滑轮 (25)组安装在滑轨 (24)上, 用一台电动机 (26)带支滑轮轴 (27;)可延滑轨 横向左右移动, 滑轮支架 (28)下面是卷扬机机构 (29)用一台电动机 (26)带动转轴滚筒 (30)卷起 钢丝绳 (31)来升降吊篮 (32)可用风力发电电源或电网电源。
7、根据权利要求 1所述,在背景房屋 (10)或其它建筑物及场地周围构筑立体框架结构 (46) 来承装水 (5)土 (4)种植植物 (22), 其特征是: 在背景房屋周围采用连体结构, 在立柱 (1)上面的 过水梁 (9;)一端与水土梁相连, 一端与房屋 10相连, 将用水用户的废水经排水管 (11)与过水梁 相接: 水 C5)经过水梁9)到水土梁 (2)上面的进水口(13)流到水土槽 (3)内;
当高层楼房下面是大型超市、 商场、 倶乐部、 剧院, 另一种情况是大型体育馆、 电厂 (烟 囱)采用单体双排结构, 有直线结构或曲线结构, 不与房屋或建筑物相连, 在房屋 (10)或其它 建筑周围平行 4 8m朝东、 南、 西三个方向, 构筑双排立柱 (1)立柱上构筑横梁;
在码头、 火车站、 立交桥、 工厂、 体育场、 广场这些地方, 采用单体单排循环结构, 有 直线循环或摆角循环曲线结构, 朝东、 南、 西三个方向构筑框架立柱 (1)只限在 40m以下框架 结构, 采用爬梯 (40)供人下下作业;
在高速公路、 铁路的两边, 广场、 公园、 工厂较低的背景场地, 采用单体单排结构, 有 直线或曲线结构朝东、 南、 西三个方向构筑框架立柱, 只限在 20m以下框架结构, 采用爬梯 (40)供人上下作业。
8、 根据权利要求 1所述, 以综合技术方案治理沙漠化, 治理沙尘暴的污染, 其特征是, 先采用单体单排结构, 以绿洲与戈壁沙漠交界处外围, 要能构筑桩基的地方, 在长年风向入 口处的迎风面开始构筑桩基, 框架结构的俯视形状的曲线凸圆弧面垂直于最强的迎风向, 逐 渐向顺风向延圆弧两边横向曲线延伸, 从地面或沙表面 1. 5— 2&高开始构筑水土梁 (2)第 1 2层水土梁高度按 80— 100cm, 以上各层按 50cm, 在上下水土梁之间, 用斜角交叉网格, 上下梁之间的距离为 3— 3. 5m, 框架总高度在 10— 15cm;
再采用单体双排框架结构, 框架结构平面垂直于最强的迎风面, 长度 40-50cm高度 40m 左右, 立柱水塔、 风塔, 风力发电机组 (39)发电提供电能抽水、 库水、 所需水源以打井抽水。
9、 根据权利要求 1 所述, 立体水库, 其特征是, 把框架立柱 (1)增大直径做成空心立柱 水塔库水, 立柱水塔 (44)按植被 (46;)框架 3—5层高度的距离把空心立柱隔断, 在每一节的上 面安装进水管 (35), 开排气孔 (36), 下面安装出水管 (11)或将框架顶层横梁 (23)做成 U字形槽
(48)水槽上面是进水管 (35)下面槽底安装出水管 (11)。
10、 根据权利要求 1 所述, 立体绿化林、 其特征是, 所有立体框架结构 (46)都要高出背 景房屋 (10)或其它建筑物 5— 10m; 在房屋没开窗户的侧面或其它建筑物不需采直射太阳光的 一面可不安装植被翻板。
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JP2012507303A (ja) 2012-03-29
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