WO2010048774A1 - Système, procédé et appareil de distribution de média en flux continu - Google Patents

Système, procédé et appareil de distribution de média en flux continu Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010048774A1
WO2010048774A1 PCT/CN2009/001102 CN2009001102W WO2010048774A1 WO 2010048774 A1 WO2010048774 A1 WO 2010048774A1 CN 2009001102 W CN2009001102 W CN 2009001102W WO 2010048774 A1 WO2010048774 A1 WO 2010048774A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
domain
streaming media
media data
server
information
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Application number
PCT/CN2009/001102
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
吴亦川
廖洪銮
周乃宝
彭晋
张云飞
段晓东
魏冰
Original Assignee
中国移动通信集团公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Application filed by 中国移动通信集团公司 filed Critical 中国移动通信集团公司
Priority to US13/126,433 priority Critical patent/US20110246608A1/en
Publication of WO2010048774A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010048774A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/01—Protocols
    • H04L67/10—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
    • H04L67/104—Peer-to-peer [P2P] networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L65/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
    • H04L65/60—Network streaming of media packets
    • H04L65/61—Network streaming of media packets for supporting one-way streaming services, e.g. Internet radio
    • H04L65/612—Network streaming of media packets for supporting one-way streaming services, e.g. Internet radio for unicast

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of network technologies, and more particularly to a streaming media distribution system, method and apparatus for large-scale streaming media distribution. Background technique
  • Streaming Media is a continuous stream of audio/video data that is transmitted and played chronologically over a data network.
  • people used to watch movies or listen to music on the Internet they had to download and store the entire video file on the local computer before they could watch it.
  • the streaming media does not download the entire file before playing, only partially caches the content, so that the streaming media stream is played while being played, thereby saving download waiting time and storage space.
  • the current distribution methods for streaming media include the following:
  • FIG. 1 shows the structure of the C/S mode.
  • each client and server need to establish a separate data channel, each user must separately send a separate data query request to the media server, and the media server must send a copy of the requested packet to each user.
  • the distribution of data is done by a dedicated server, and multiple clients get data from the same server.
  • streaming media servers or network bandwidth based on C/S mode may have system bottlenecks, because only one server system is prone to a single point of failure; a single server faces many clients due to the central processing unit (CPU) capability.
  • CPU central processing unit
  • the memory size and network bandwidth limit cannot meet the increasing demand of users, and the scalability is poor.
  • the performance of the streaming service system can be improved by using server clustering technology and increasing network egress bandwidth. This method has increased the capacity of the streaming media service system to a certain extent, but still cannot meet the current streaming media of large-scale users. Body distribution requirements. Moreover, this approach is costly to distribute streaming media at the expense of expensive hardware costs.
  • IP Internet Protocol
  • FIG. 2 shows the structure of the IP multicast mode.
  • the IP Multicast mode builds a network with multicast capabilities that allows the router to replicate packets to multiple channels at once.
  • a single server can simultaneously send continuous data streams to hundreds of thousands of clients without delay.
  • the server only needs to send one packet instead of multiple; all requesting clients share the same packet.
  • User A, User B, User (:, User D, and User E in Figure 2 share the same data packet sent by the server.
  • Information can be sent to clients at any address, reducing the total number of packets transmitted on the network. Therefore, the load on the server and the network is reduced, the network utilization efficiency is greatly improved, and the cost is reduced.
  • IP multicast has inherent defects that are difficult to solve in terms of reliability transmission, congestion control, and security, It is difficult to actually deploy on the Internet.
  • Figure 3 shows the structure of the CDN content distribution network.
  • the media server stores the media content in a "push" or “pull” manner on the CDN server or proxy cache. For example, as shown in Figure 3, the server first retires the media content. Send to content distribution nodes A, B, C, D.
  • the service can be obtained from the proxy cache or CDN server without having to consume the resources of the initial server.
  • the user retrieves the required media content from the content distribution node B.
  • CDN servers still provide services in C/S mode, and scalability issues still exist.
  • FIG. 4 shows the structure of a P2P-based streaming media distribution system.
  • Each node constitutes a P2P network.
  • the network streaming media realized by the P2P technology has the characteristics that the more users play, the smoother and more stable the playback is.
  • P2P streaming media enables users to use resources while watching video streaming on the Internet, and users can simultaneously download the video from these users.
  • the P2P distribution system has two main features. The first is user direct interactivity, the P2P distribution system directly connects to other users' computers, exchange files, and unlike the past users are connected to the server. Go up and browse. The P2P distribution system truly eliminates intermediate nodes (eg, servers), making sharing and interaction on the network easier and more straightforward. The second is to change the status of the Internet as the center of the big website, return to "decentralization", and return the power to the user.
  • the first is user direct interactivity, the P2P distribution system directly connects to other users' computers, exchange files, and unlike the past users are connected to the server. Go up and browse.
  • the P2P distribution system truly eliminates intermediate nodes (eg, servers), making sharing and interaction on the network easier and more straightforward.
  • the second is to change the status of the Internet as the center of the big website, return to "decentralization", and return the power to the user.
  • the traditional C/S service mode will result in large input/output (I/O) load pressure. , poor scalability and high system deployment costs. And under the condition of high concurrent service request, the quality of service (QoS) provided by the streaming media system based on the C/S service mode is difficult to be guaranteed, which will result in the quality of experience of the user during playback (Quality of Experience, QoE) is poor.
  • QoS quality of service
  • IP multicast technology for media data distribution has problems in reliability transmission, congestion control, security, etc. It is still difficult to deploy on the Internet on a large scale after many years.
  • the content distribution network CDN has been widely deployed on the Internet.
  • the load pressure on the central content server and the backbone network is reduced, and the user's streaming media is improved.
  • the CDN's "edge" distribution node still adopts the C/S service model, the number of concurrent users that the system can support is linearly related to the deployment cost of the CDN system.
  • operators need to invest in a large amount of server hardware and network bandwidth, resulting in high deployment costs.
  • the pure P2P-based streaming media distribution architecture has been researched and developed in recent years due to its low deployment cost and good system scalability.
  • P2P streaming media technology services such as Internet TV PPLive, TVCoo, UUSee, and PPStreaming have emerged in China.
  • the pure P2P streaming media framework adopts a single domain deployment mode, and its streaming media service still faces problems such as system reliability and QoS difficulty. Summary of the invention
  • the embodiment of the invention provides a streaming media distribution system, method and device, which can meet the streaming media distribution requirements of large-scale concurrent users, and has high reliability and strong scalability.
  • a streaming media distribution system includes: a global server, a domain service And the terminal node; the global server and the domain server form an end-to-end P2P core network, and the domain server and the terminal node belonging to the domain form a P2P access network;
  • the global server is configured to receive a query request for carrying address information sent by the terminal node, query a correspondence between the address information and a domain according to the address information, determine a domain of the terminal node, and return Domain server information of the domain to which it belongs;
  • the domain server is configured to receive a streaming media data acquisition request sent by the terminal node in the domain, return other terminal node information that currently has the requested streaming media data in the domain, and/or return the locally stored requested streaming media data;
  • the terminal node is configured to send a query request carrying address information to the global server, send a streaming media data acquisition request to the domain server of the domain according to the domain server information returned by the global server, and receive the domain of the domain to which the domain belongs.
  • the streaming media data returned by the server, or the streaming media data is obtained from the other terminal nodes according to other terminal node information returned by the domain server of the domain to which the domain belongs.
  • the terminal node sends a query request carrying its own address information to the global server;
  • the global server determines the domain of the terminal node according to the address information, and determines the domain to which the terminal node belongs, and returns the domain server information of the domain to which the domain belongs; wherein the global server and the domain server form an end-to-end a P2P core network, wherein the domain server and the terminal node belonging to the domain form a P2P access network;
  • the terminal node receives the returned streaming media data and/or acquires the requested streaming media data from the other terminal nodes in a P2P manner according to the returned other terminal node information.
  • a global server provided by an embodiment of the present invention includes: an entry module, an index module, and a resource Source management module;
  • the ingress module is configured to receive a query request for carrying the address information sent by the terminal node, query the corresponding relationship between the address information and the domain according to the address information, determine the domain to which the terminal node belongs, and return the domain server of the domain to which the domain belongs.
  • the indexing module is configured to receive streaming media data request information sent by the domain server, and return domain server information that currently has the streaming media data in the core network;
  • the resource management module is configured to receive a streaming media data acquisition request sent by the domain server, and return the locally stored requested streaming media data.
  • a domain server provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes: a data management module and an information indexing module;
  • the data management module is configured to receive a media data acquisition request sent by a terminal node in the domain, return the locally stored requested streaming media data, or obtain a flow from another domain server or the global server in the core network.
  • the media data is returned to the terminal node that sent the request;
  • the information indexing module is configured to receive a media data acquisition request sent by the terminal node in the local domain, and return information about other terminal nodes in the local domain that currently owns the streaming media data.
  • the global server and the domain server in the network form an end-to-end P2P core network, and the domain server and the terminal node belonging to the domain form a P2P access network; the terminal node sends a query request to the global domain server to obtain the belongs.
  • the domain server information of the domain and then send the streaming media data acquisition request to the domain server of the domain to obtain the streaming media data; by adopting the hybrid P2P structure, combining the traditional CDN and P2P streaming media technologies, both reliability and scalability
  • the dual advantages of the terminal nodes make full use of the resources of the terminal nodes to form a highly scalable streaming media distribution system, and realize the distribution of large-scale streaming media with QoS guarantee (including: P2P live broadcast and on-demand video services) at a lower deployment cost.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a C/S mode in the prior art
  • 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an IP multicast mode in the prior art
  • 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a CDN content distribution network in the prior art
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a P2P-based streaming media distribution system in the prior art
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a streaming media distribution system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart of a streaming media distribution method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a flowchart of implementing streaming media distribution by a transit node according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a global server according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a domain server according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a specific structure of a streaming media distribution system according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a terminal node acquiring streaming media data from a local domain according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a terminal node according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of obtaining streaming media data by a transit node according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of hot content sharing according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • the large-scale streaming media distribution system has a structure as shown in FIG. 5, including: a global server, a domain server, and a terminal node; for example, a global server 10, a domain server (20, 21, etc.), and a terminal node ( Ordinary Node, ON ) (30, 31, 32, 33, 40, 41, 42, 43 etc.).
  • the system is a two-layer structure.
  • P2P connections are between domain servers, and P2P connections are also between terminal nodes in a domain.
  • the terminal node is classified into different domains according to its address information, and one or more domain servers can be deployed in each domain, and each terminal node and domain server in the same domain constitute a domain node.
  • P2P accesses the network; the domain servers and global servers of each domain form a P2P core network.
  • the terminal nodes 30, 31, 32, 33 belong to the same domain, and the domain server 20 of the domain constitutes a P2P access network; the terminal nodes 40, 41, 42, 43 belong to the same domain, and the domain server 21 of the domain Form a P2P access network.
  • the domain servers 20, 21 and the like form a P2P core network with the global server 10. End nodes and domain servers in the same domain are collectively referred to as domain nodes.
  • the global server 10 is a source server for streaming media content in the core network, and is in the core network.
  • the streaming media data of each domain server is derived from here; the domain server (20, 21, etc.) is the source node of the streaming media content in the domain, and the streaming media data of each terminal node in the domain originates from here.
  • the global server can store the correspondence between the address information and the domain to which the terminal node belongs, store the streaming media source data, and store the streaming media data information currently owned by each domain server.
  • the global server is configured to receive a query request for carrying the address information sent by the terminal node, query the corresponding relationship according to the address information, determine a domain to which the terminal node belongs, and return domain server information of the domain to which the domain belongs. as well as
  • the global server is also used to count the number of requests for streaming media data of each streaming media channel in each domain server, and broadcast the domain server information of the streaming media data having the requested number of times exceeding the set value in the core network.
  • the global server is further configured to update the streaming media data information currently owned by each local domain server according to the received streaming media information update request sent by each domain server.
  • a domain server configured to receive a streaming media data acquisition request sent by the terminal node in the domain, return other terminal node information that currently has the requested streaming media data in the domain, and/or return the locally stored requested streaming media data, or
  • the other domain server or the global server in the core network obtains streaming media data and returns it to the terminal node that sends the request.
  • the domain server can store the obtained streaming media data locally, and store the streaming media data information currently owned by the terminal node in the domain.
  • the domain server is further configured to: when locally storing the streaming media data whose number of requests for the global server broadcast exceeds the set value, establish a connection with the streaming media data domain server that has the number of requests exceeding the set value, and obtain the flow.
  • Media data when locally storing the streaming media data whose number of requests for the global server broadcast exceeds the set value, establish a connection with the streaming media data domain server that has the number of requests exceeding the set value, and obtain the flow.
  • the domain server is further configured to send a streaming media information update request to the global server when acquiring the streaming media data or deleting the owned streaming media data.
  • the domain server is further configured to update, according to the received streaming media information update request, the locally stored streaming media data information currently owned by the terminal node in the local domain.
  • the domain server is further configured to: when receiving the streaming media data acquisition request sent by the mobile terminal, select a terminal node in the local domain as the transit node; or receive the media data acquisition request sent by the terminal node in the local domain, select the intra-domain Other terminal nodes act as transit nodes.
  • a terminal node configured to send a query request carrying the address information to the global server, send a streaming media data acquisition request to the domain server of the domain according to the domain server information returned by the global server, and receive the domain server of the domain to which the domain belongs
  • the returned streaming media data, or the streaming media data is obtained from the other terminal nodes according to other terminal node information returned by the domain server of the domain to which it belongs.
  • the terminal node is further configured to send a streaming media information update request to the domain server of the domain to which the streaming media data is obtained or the owned streaming media data is deleted. In order to achieve the sharing of resources between each terminal node.
  • the terminal node can also be used as an intermediate ordinal node (ION) when needed, for acquiring streaming media data requested by the mobile terminal or other terminal node, and providing the mobile device for sending the streaming media data acquisition request.
  • ION intermediate ordinal node
  • a terminal node with high performance computing capability can be used as a transit node.
  • a proxy for a device such as a mobile terminal, request streaming media data from a global server, a domain server (or a super node SN) or other terminal node, and provide streaming media data to the terminal node that sends the request for downloading, or help non-domain
  • the terminal node implements Network Address Translation (NAT)/firewall traversal.
  • NAT Network Address Translation
  • Step S101 The terminal node sends a query request carrying the address information to the global server.
  • Step S102 The global server determines the domain to which the terminal node belongs according to the address information, and returns the corresponding domain server address information to the terminal node.
  • Step S103 The terminal node sends the streaming media data request information to the domain server of the domain to which it belongs.
  • the domain server stores the flows owned by the domain (including the domain server and each terminal node).
  • Media data information The streaming media data information records which streaming media data is owned by the domain server and each terminal node.
  • Step S104 The domain server queries whether there is streaming media data requested by the terminal node in the domain. That is: whether there is requested streaming media data in the domain server and each terminal node in the domain. If yes, go to step S105; if no, go to step S107.
  • Step S105 The domain server returns the locally stored requested streaming media data and/or returns other terminal node information in the domain that has the requested streaming media data.
  • Step S106 The terminal node receives the returned streaming media data, or the terminal node acquires the requested streaming media data from other terminal nodes in the local domain by using the P2P mode according to the received other terminal node information.
  • the terminal node obtains the requested streaming media data from the node in the domain according to the received node information, and specifically includes:
  • the terminal node receives and parses the other terminal node information returned by the domain server, and learns other terminal nodes that have the requested streaming media data.
  • the terminal node selects some or all of the other terminal nodes to initiate a connection, and acquires the requested streaming media data from the other terminal nodes that successfully establish the connection.
  • Step S107 The domain server obtains the requested streaming media data from the domain server/global server of the other domain by using the P2P mode. Specifically include:
  • the domain server forwards the received streaming media data request information sent by the terminal node to the global server.
  • the global server stores the distribution of streaming media data in the global server and the domain servers of each domain, that is, streaming media data information.
  • the streaming media data information records which streaming media data is owned by the global server and each domain server.
  • the global server queries the global server/other domain server in the core network according to the request information, and returns the requested streaming media data and/or returns other domain server information of the core network that currently owns the streaming media data.
  • the domain server stores the returned streaming media data, or receives other domain server information and parses it, knowing other domain servers that have the requested streaming media data.
  • the domain server selects some or all of the other domain servers that have the requested streaming media data to initiate the connection and obtain the requested streaming media data from the other domain servers that successfully established the connection.
  • the domain service After the domain service obtains the streaming media data, it notifies the terminal that sends the streaming media data request.
  • Step S108 The terminal node acquires the requested streaming media data from the domain server in the domain. After receiving the notification from the domain server, the terminal node obtains the requested streaming media data from the domain server in the domain.
  • the terminal node with high-performance computing capability can also be used as a transit node to provide streaming media data relay services for terminals that cannot directly access the streaming media distribution system.
  • a mobile user can access a terminal device such as a mobile terminal, download and play streaming media from the transit node ION, but does not participate in the distribution of streaming media content in the network; a terminal that cannot temporarily access or has a weak computing power for a long time connection failure
  • the node can obtain the requested streaming media data through the transit node.
  • the terminal may also obtain the process of streaming media data through the transit node.
  • the method includes the following steps:
  • Step S201 The mobile terminal/terminal node sends a query request carrying the address information to the global server.
  • Step S202 The global server determines the domain to which the mobile terminal/terminal node belongs according to the address information, and returns the corresponding domain server address information to the mobile terminal/terminal node.
  • Step S203 The mobile terminal/terminal node sends the streaming media data request information to the domain server of the domain to which it belongs.
  • Step S204 The domain server selects a terminal node in the domain as a transit node, and returns address information of the transit node to the mobile terminal/terminal node.
  • the domain server selects one terminal node in the local domain as the transit node.
  • Step S205 The domain server queries whether there is streaming media data requested by the mobile terminal/terminal node in the local domain. That is: whether there is requested streaming media data in the domain server and each terminal node in the domain. If yes, go to step S206; if no, go to step S209.
  • Step S206 The domain server returns the locally stored requested streaming media data and/or returns other terminal node information in the domain that has the requested streaming media data to the selected transit node.
  • Step S207 The transit node receives the returned streaming media data, or the transit node acquires the requested streaming media data from other terminal nodes in the local domain by using the P2P mode according to the returned other terminal node information.
  • the transit node obtains the requested streaming media data from other terminal nodes in the domain according to the received node information, and specifically includes:
  • the transit node receives and parses the other terminal node information returned by the domain server, and learns other terminal nodes that have the requested streaming media data.
  • the transit node selects some or all of the other terminal nodes to initiate a connection and obtains the requested streaming media data from the other terminal nodes that successfully established the connection.
  • Step S208 The mobile terminal/terminal node acquires the requested streaming media data from the transit node. Specifically:
  • the mobile terminal/terminal node 4 establishes a connection with the transit node according to the address information of the transit node, and obtains the requested streaming media data.
  • Step S209 The domain server obtains the requested streaming media data from the domain server/global server of the other domain by using the P2P mode. Specifically include:
  • the domain server forwards the received streaming media data request information sent by the terminal to the global server.
  • the global server queries the global server/other domain server in the core network according to the request information, and returns the requested streaming media data and/or returns other domain server information of the core network that currently owns the streaming media data.
  • the domain server stores the returned streaming media data, or receives other domain server information and parses it, and learns other domain servers that have the requested streaming media data.
  • the domain server selects another domain server that has some or all of the requested streaming media data initiated Connect, and get the requested streaming data from another domain server that successfully established the connection.
  • the domain service After the domain service obtains the streaming media data, it notifies the selected transit node.
  • Step S210 The transit node acquires the requested streaming media data from the domain server in the domain. After receiving the notification from the domain server, the transit node obtains the requested streaming media data from the domain server in the domain.
  • Step S211 The mobile terminal/terminal node acquires the requested streaming media data from the transit node. Specifically:
  • the mobile terminal/terminal node establishes a connection with the transit node according to the address information of the transit node, and obtains the requested streaming media data.
  • the streaming media information update request is sent to the domain server in the domain, and the domain server receives the received streaming media.
  • the information update request updates the currently stored streaming media data information currently owned by the terminal node in the local domain.
  • the streaming media information update request is sent to the global server, and the global server updates each domain in the locally stored core network according to the received streaming media information update request.
  • the global server periodically counts the number of requests for streaming media data of each streaming media channel in the core network.
  • the domain server information that owns the hot content is broadcasted in the core network, that is, the domain server information that has the streaming media data whose request times exceed the set value is broadcasted.
  • the other domain server After receiving the hot content information broadcasted by the global server, the other domain server determines whether the hot content is owned locally. When not, according to the received domain server information that owns the hot content, select some or all of the broadcast servers of the broadcast to establish a connection, and from the domain server that successfully establishes the connection The streaming media data corresponding to the hot content is obtained and stored. After the domain server obtains the streaming media data corresponding to the hot content, it sends a streaming media information update request to update the domain server information of the streaming media data in the global server.
  • the ingress module 101 is configured to receive a query request for carrying the address information sent by the terminal node, query the correspondence between the address information and the domain according to the address information, determine the domain to which the terminal node belongs, and return the domain server information of the domain to which the domain belongs. .
  • the entry module 101 can store the correspondence between the address information and the domain to which the terminal node belongs.
  • the indexing module 102 is configured to receive the streaming media data request information sent by the domain server, and return the domain server information of the streaming media data currently requested by the terminal node in the core network.
  • the indexing module 102 can store streaming media data information currently owned by each domain server.
  • the indexing module 102 is further configured to receive a streaming media information update request sent by each domain server, and update the currently stored streaming media data information of each locally stored domain server according to the received streaming media information update request.
  • the indexing module 102 is further configured to count the number of requests for streaming media data of each streaming media channel in the core network, and broadcast the domain server information of the streaming media data having the requested number of times exceeding the set value in the core network.
  • the resource management module 103 is configured to receive a streaming media data acquisition request sent by the domain server, and return the locally stored requested streaming media data.
  • the streaming media source data can be stored in the resource management module 103.
  • the domain server (20, 21, etc.), as shown in FIG. 9, includes: a data management module 201 and an information indexing module 202.
  • the data management module 201 is configured to receive a media data acquisition request sent by the terminal node in the domain, and return the locally stored requested streaming media data; or from other domain servers in the core network or all The streaming media data obtained by the office server is returned to the terminal node that sent the request.
  • the data management module 201 can store the acquired streaming media data locally.
  • the data management module 201 is further configured to receive, by the global server, domain server information that has the streaming media data whose number of requests exceeds the set value; when the streaming media data is not stored locally, and the portion of the broadcast that owns the streaming media data or All domain servers establish a connection to obtain the streaming media data.
  • the information indexing module 202 is configured to receive a media data acquisition request sent by the terminal node in the local domain, and return information about other terminal nodes in the local domain that currently have the requested streaming media data.
  • the information indexing module 202 can store the streaming media data information currently owned by the terminal node in the domain.
  • the information indexing module 202 is further configured to: when receiving the streaming media data acquisition request sent by the mobile terminal, select a terminal node in the local domain as the transit node; or receive the media data acquisition request sent by the terminal node in the domain, select other in the domain.
  • the terminal node acts as a transit node, and sends the address information of the transit node to the mobile terminal or the terminal node that sends the request.
  • the information indexing module 202 is further configured to receive a streaming media information update request sent by the terminal node in the local domain, and update the locally stored streaming media data information currently owned by the terminal node in the local domain.
  • each module in the global server can be set as a separate server.
  • the functions implemented by the global server can be implemented by the portal server (Web Portal Server, WPS), the global index node (CTR), and the source server ( Seeder Server, SS) to achieve.
  • WPS Web Portal Server
  • CTR global index node
  • SS seeder Server
  • the portal server WPS implements the function of the ingress module 101, presents the channel resource list to the user, and returns the information of the domain to which each terminal node belongs when receiving the query request.
  • the global index node CTR implements the function of the indexing module 102, storing streaming media data information owned by all domain servers (or super nodes SN), and providing streaming media data information queries for the domain servers.
  • the source server SS implements the function of the resource management module 103, and stores the source data of the streaming media in the core network, which is the source server of the resources in the domain servers in the entire system.
  • Each module in the domain server can be set as a separate node device.
  • the functions implemented by the domain server can be super node (SN) and index node (Tracker, TR). to realise.
  • the super node SN implements the function of the data management module 201 and is the source node of the streaming media resource in the domain. Provides access and proxy capabilities for endpoints to join the domain.
  • the super node SN periodically reports its own streaming media data information to the global index node CTR and the index node TR.
  • the super node SN obtains the rare streaming media data requested by the terminal node from the source server SS/other domain server.
  • the super node SN also obtains hot content from the source server SS/other domain server and caches it locally for download by the terminal node in the domain.
  • the index node TR implements the function of the information indexing module 202, and stores the distribution information of the streaming media data owned by the super node SN and all the terminal nodes in the local domain, that is, the node information of the streaming media data from the index node TR periodically periodicizes the statistics.
  • the resource information recorded in the super node SN and the terminal node in the domain is recorded by the super node SN and the terminal node.
  • the index node TR is also used to find a suitable terminal node for the mobile terminal device as the transit node ION for access.
  • the deployment between the super node SN and the inode TR can include the following:
  • the super-node SNs of each domain are deployed in P2P mode, and a distributed Hash Table (DHT) ring system structure, referred to as DHT ring, is built. There is no direct connection between the index nodes TR of each domain. . Message interaction between domains is implemented by the supernode SN.
  • DHT distributed Hash Table
  • the super-nodes of each domain are deployed in P2P mode to form a DHT ring.
  • the index nodes of each domain are also deployed in P2P mode to build a DHT ring.
  • the message interaction between the domains is implemented by the super node SN/index node TR.
  • the super node SN and the index node TR of each domain can be associated with the global index node CTR
  • the global node CTR manages the super node SN and the index node TR of each domain; the super node SN of each domain can exchange information with the source server, and obtain resources such as streaming media data from the source server.
  • the functions of the global server are implemented by setting the portal server WPS, the source server SS, and the global index node CTR respectively, and the super node SN and the index node TR are respectively set to implement the function of the domain server, and the super nodes SN of each domain are
  • the P2P mode is deployed as an example.
  • the structure is shown in Figure 10.
  • the ingress server WPS, the source server SS, and the global inode node CTR are deployed by the operator to reduce the traffic of the upper core network part and ensure the shield of the streaming media distribution service; Deployed in P2P mode, there is no direct connection between the index nodes TR of each domain, and the message interaction between domains is implemented by the super node SN; the terminal node ON in each domain (including the transit node ION) and the super node SN of the domain Both are deployed in P2P mode.
  • Embodiment 1 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 1:
  • Step S301 After acquiring the streaming media channel selected by the user, the terminal node ON sends a query request carrying the own address information to the portal. Server WPS.
  • Step S302 The WPS determines, according to the address information included in the received query request, the domain to which the terminal node ON that sends the query request belongs, and obtains the information of the super node SN and the index node TR of the domain, where the information includes at least the super node. IP address of the SN and the inode TR. The information of the determined super node SN and the inode TR is sent to the terminal node ON.
  • Step S303 After receiving the information of the super node SN and the index node TR of the domain, the terminal node ON sends the streaming media data request information to the index node TR in the domain according to the address information of the index node TR, and queries whether the request has its own request. Node information of streaming media data (including terminal nodes and super nodes).
  • Step S304 the index node TR queries whether there is a streaming medium requested by the terminal node ON in the domain. Volume data. That is, the index node TR queries whether the streaming media data information requested by the terminal node ON is stored locally. ⁇
  • step S305 If yes, go to step S305; if no, go to step S306.
  • Step S305 The index node TR returns other node information that has the requested streaming media data to the terminal node.
  • the terminal node ON selects a part or all of the nodes to establish a connection according to other node information returned by the index node TR.
  • the terminal node ON sends a streaming media data update request to the index node TR in the domain, and updates the streaming media data information in the index node TR.
  • Step S306 The index node TR forwards the streaming media data request information to the super node in the domain.
  • Step S307 The super node SN sends a query request to the global index node CTR of the core network layer, and queries whether the other super node SN and the source server SS have a terminal. The streaming media data requested by the node.
  • Step S308 The global index node CTR returns the super node/source server information having the requested streaming media data to the super node SN in the domain where the terminal node is located (ie, the requesting super node SN).
  • Step S309 After the requesting super node SN receives the super node/source server information, select a part or all of the connection from the super node SN and the source service H SS that have the requested streaming media data.
  • the super node SN sends a streaming media data update request to the index node TR and the global index node CTR in the domain, and updates the streaming media data information in the index node TR and the global index node CTR in the domain.
  • Step S310 The index node TR in the domain will be included in the updated streaming media data information.
  • Step S311 The terminal node ON establishes a connection with the super node SN in the domain according to the node information returned by the index node TR.
  • Embodiment 2 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 1:
  • the process of the mobile terminal acquiring the streaming media data through the transit node ION, as shown in FIG. 13, includes the following steps:
  • Step S401 After determining the domain to which the mobile terminal belongs, the mobile terminal sends the streaming media data request information to the index node TR in the domain, and queries the node information (including the terminal node and the super node) having the streaming media data requested by itself.
  • Step S402 The index node TR determines that the mobile terminal does not have the capability of direct access, selects a terminal node ON as the transit node ION of the mobile terminal, and returns the information of the selected transit node ION (including the IP address, etc.) to the mobile terminal. .
  • Step S403 The index node TR queries whether there is streaming media data requested by the mobile terminal in the domain. That is, the index node TR queries whether the streaming media data information requested by the mobile terminal is stored locally.
  • step S404 If yes, go to step S404; if no, go to step S407.
  • Step S404 The index node TR sends the other node information having the requested streaming media data to the selected transit node ION.
  • Step S405 The transit node ION selects some or all of the nodes to establish a connection according to other node information returned by the index node TR.
  • the transit node ION sends a streaming media data update request to the index node TR in the domain, and updates the information of the streaming media data in the index node TR.
  • Step S406 The mobile terminal establishes a connection with the transit node ION, downloads the requested streaming media data from the transit node ION, and does not need to participate in the distribution process of the streaming media data in the system.
  • Step S407 The index node TR forwards the streaming media data request information to the super node in the domain.
  • Step S408 The super node SN sends a query request to the global index node CTR of the core network layer, and queries whether the other super node SN and the source server SS have streaming media data requested by the mobile terminal.
  • Step S409 The global index node CTR returns the super node/source server information having the requested streaming media data to the super node SN in the domain where the mobile terminal is located (ie, the requesting super node SN).
  • Step S410 After the requesting super node SN receives the super node/source server information, select a part or all of the connection from the super node SN and the source server SS that have the requested streaming media data.
  • the requested streaming media data is obtained from the super node SN/source server SS whose connection is successfully established.
  • the super node SN sends a streaming media data update request to the index node TR and the global index node CTR in the domain, and updates the information of the streaming media data in the index node TR and the global index node CTR in the domain.
  • Step S411 The index node TR selects a node as the transit node ION of the mobile terminal, and returns information (including an IP address, etc.) of the transit node ION to the mobile terminal.
  • Step S412 The transit node ION establishes a connection with the super node SN in the domain according to the node information returned by the index node TR.
  • the transit node ION sends a streaming media data update request to the index node TR in the domain, and updates the current streaming media data information in the index node TR.
  • Step S413 The mobile terminal establishes a connection with the transit node ION.
  • Embodiment 3 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 3
  • Step S501 When the global index node CTR counts the number of requests for streaming media data of each streaming media channel in the domain server exceeds the set number When the streaming media data of the streaming media channel is considered to be hot content.
  • the streaming media data of a streaming media channel is hot content based on some other empirical data.
  • Step S502 The global index node CTR broadcasts the super node SN information with the hot content to all the super nodes SN in the system.
  • Step 503 After receiving the broadcast message, the other super node SN selects part or all of the super node SN to establish a connection according to the received super node information if the local hotspot content is not available.
  • the streaming media data of the hot content is obtained from the super node SN that successfully establishes the connection. And sending a streaming media data update request, updating the index data TR in the domain and the streaming media data information in the global index node CTR.
  • Step S504 The global index node CTR updates the node information that broadcasts the hot content until the hot content is owned by all the super nodes SN.
  • the large-scale streaming media distribution method and system provided by the embodiments of the present invention adopts a two-layer P2P structure, and combines a hybrid system architecture of CDN mode and P2P streaming media technology to realize large-scale streaming media distribution, and has both of them.
  • the hybrid system architecture adopting P2P technology and layered mode makes full use of the resources of global server, domain server and each terminal node (CPU, storage, network bandwidth resources) to form a highly scalable streaming media distribution system for users.
  • each terminal node acts as both a download client and a server, decentralizing the distribution of streaming media data, reducing the server's I/O load, reducing the number of servers and reducing network bandwidth requirements. .
  • a global server (or: the ingress server WPS, the source server SS, the global index node CTR) and the DHT ring are deployed, so that data backup and disaster recovery functions can be performed.
  • the global server (or: the ingress server WPS, the source server SS, the global inode CTR) also stores information, thereby improving the reliability of the system.
  • the PC user uses the personal computer PC as the terminal node to directly access the system, downloads the streaming media data requested by himself, and participates in the distribution of the streaming media content in the network;
  • the terminal with high performance computing capability can act as a transit node, making the mobile terminal and
  • the terminal node with weak computing capability can access the system through the transit node, obtain the requested streaming media data through the transit node, but does not participate in the distribution of streaming media content in the network; thus satisfying the downloading requirements of different performance terminals, which is very good. Universality.
  • the large-scale streaming media distribution method and system provided by the embodiments of the present invention can adapt to large-scale concurrent user streaming media data downloading requirements, has strong system scalability, high reliability, and reduces system deployment cost. Improve the QoS of the system.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Information Transfer Between Computers (AREA)
  • Data Exchanges In Wide-Area Networks (AREA)

Abstract

Système, procédé et appareil de distribution de média en flux continu, le procédé comportant les étapes suivantes : un nœud terminal envoie une demande d’interrogation transportant sa propre information d’adresse à un serveur global; le serveur global détermine le domaine d’affiliation du nœud terminal d’après l’information d’adresse et renvoie l’information de serveur de domaine dudit domaine d’affiliation; le nœud terminal envoie une demande d’obtention de données de média en flux continu au serveur de domaine du domaine d’affiliation; le serveur de domaine du domaine d’affiliation détermine si les données de média en flux continu existent dans son domaine local; si oui, les données de média en flux continu sont renvoyées et / ou l’information concernant les autres nœuds terminaux disposant des données de média en flux continu dans leurs domaines locaux est renvoyée; sinon, les données de média en flux continu demandées sont obtenues auprès des autres serveurs de domaine du cœur de réseau et / ou du serveur global et envoyées au nœud terminal par le biais de P2P; le nœud terminal reçoit les données de média en flux continu renvoyées et / ou obtient les données de média en flux continu demandées auprès des autres nœuds terminaux par le biais de P2P selon l’information renvoyée concernant les autres nœuds terminaux. Le système est capable de satisfaire la demande de distribution à grande échelle de média en flux continu vers des utilisateurs simultanés.
PCT/CN2009/001102 2008-10-27 2009-09-28 Système, procédé et appareil de distribution de média en flux continu WO2010048774A1 (fr)

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