WO2010046962A1

WO2010046962A1 - Prime mover system

Info

Publication number: WO2010046962A1
Application number: PCT/JP2008/068991
Authority: WO
Inventors: 雅人志賀; 忠幸北原; 諭神子; 小島　直人; 志郎福田
Original assignee: 株式会社ＭＥＲＳＴｅｃｈ
Priority date: 2008-10-20
Filing date: 2008-10-20
Publication date: 2010-04-29

Abstract

A prime mover system (100) comprises a heat engine (110) such as a diesel engine or the like; an electric generator (120); a rectifier (130) for rectifying an AC power; a smoothing capacitor (140) for smoothing a DC power produced by the rectifier (130); an inverter (160); and an electric motor (170). Between the electric generator (120) and the rectifier (130), there is connected a magnetic energy regeneration switch (MERS) (30) that serves as a power supply power adjusting switch. Moreover, a control part (40) changes the gate phase angle α of the magnetic energy regeneration switch (MERS) (30) in accordance with the voltage of a DC power and changes both the magnitude of the output voltage of the power supply power adjusting switch and the phase of the current thereof, thereby compensating for the voltage reduction of the AC power caused by the inductive component included in the electric generator and further adjusting the voltage of the DC power to a predetermined value.

Description

Prime mover system

The present invention relates to a prime mover system including a heat engine, a generator, and an electric motor. In particular, the present invention relates to a prime mover system that can improve the power generation efficiency of a generator at a high load.

Conventionally, a prime mover system that propels a train or a ship by driving an electric motor using electric power generated by a generator driven by a heat engine such as a diesel engine as a power source is known. This method is based on a configuration in which an AC motor is driven via rectification (AC / DC conversion) and DC / AC conversion of AC power generated by a generator. This system is economical because it has only a few electrical connections between the generator and the motor, so the degree of freedom of arrangement is high, and a power engine such as a diesel engine can be operated in its most efficient rotation range, and the engine is almost constant. Since it can be used for rotation, it has the advantage that noise and vibration countermeasures and exhaust gas purification are relatively easy. In addition, this system is easy to control a plurality of vehicles in the case of a railway vehicle, etc., and has the advantage that the rotation speed control of the propeller (screw) can be performed by a switchboard in the case of a ship or the like. Have.

Moreover, as an example of improving energy efficiency in a diesel electric system of a prime mover system, there is a vehicle drive system (Patent Document 1) that collects regenerative energy at the time of braking and centrally manages a plurality of vehicles by providing generators and motors. Are known.

Furthermore, a system interconnection device for generated power is known in which a wind power generator and an inverter are mainly linked by a magnetic energy regeneration circuit, and energy is effectively acquired by efficient power regeneration (Patent Document 2). .
JP2007-37369 JP 2006-141162 A

Since a heat engine such as a diesel engine generally has high output efficiency at high output, a generator connected to the heat engine is operated in a high output state. However, since the output voltage of the generator decreases with an increase in output current due to an inductive component (that is, inductive reactance) included in the generator coil, the generator power generation efficiency decreases at high output, and thus the diesel engine, As a diesel electric system composed of both a generator and a generator, it is difficult to operate with high efficiency by improving generator power generation efficiency.

Also, in the diesel electric system according to the prior art, AC power obtained from a generator driven using a diesel engine has been converted to DC by a converter such as a PWM control system. As a converter, a PWM control system is generally used. However, this system has a problem that a switching loss in the converter is large, and a diesel electric system has a large switching loss.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and compensates for the influence of the inductive component of the generator coil on the AC power obtained by the generator, improves the power generation efficiency of the generator, and rectifies. An object of the present invention is to provide a prime mover system composed of a heat engine, a generator, and an electric motor that can reduce switching loss in (AC / DC conversion).

In order to solve the above-described problems, a prime mover system including a heat engine, a generator, and an electric motor as an exemplary aspect of the present invention is driven by a heat engine such as a diesel engine and the heat engine to generate AC power. A generator, a rectifier that rectifies AC power to generate DC power, an inverter that converts DC power to driving AC power of a predetermined frequency, an electric motor driven by the driving AC power, a rectifier and an inverter, And a smoothing capacitor connected to the direct current path between the generator and the rectifier, and a power source power adjustment switch connected between the generator and the rectifier. The voltage sensor to be measured, and the magnitude of the output voltage of the power supply power adjustment switch connected to the voltage sensor and the power supply power adjustment switch according to the voltage signal from the voltage sensor Comprising by changing the phase of the flow, as well as compensate for the voltage drop of the AC power by inductive component included in the generator, and control means for adjusting a DC voltage of a DC path to a predetermined value.

Further, the apparatus further includes excitation adjusting means connected to the generator and the voltage sensor, and adjusting the DC voltage of the DC path to a predetermined value by changing the field of the generator in accordance with a voltage signal from the voltage sensor. Good.

Furthermore, the adjustment of the DC voltage of the DC path by the control means may be configured to have priority over the adjustment of the DC voltage of the DC path by the excitation adjusting means.

A power source power adjustment switch is connected between a bridge circuit composed of four reverse conducting semiconductor switches and a DC terminal of the bridge circuit, and stores a magnetic energy storage capacitor that stores the magnetic energy of the current when the current is interrupted A magnetic energy regenerative switch, wherein the AC terminal of the bridge circuit is connected to the generator and the rectifier, respectively, and the control means provides a control signal to the gate of each reverse conducting semiconductor switch and is located on the diagonal line The operation of turning on the reverse conducting semiconductor switch of the pair and turning off the reverse conducting semiconductor switch of the other pair simultaneously, and turning on the reverse conducting semiconductor switch in synchronization with the frequency of the internal induced electromotive voltage of the generator Controls the switching operation to alternately switch between the pair and the pair to be turned off, and the voltage signal from the voltage sensor The magnetic energy regenerative switch that changes the magnitude of the input voltage and the current phase of the power supply power adjustment switch by changing the gate phase of each reverse conducting semiconductor switch and changing the phase of the switching operation with respect to the AC power. There may be.

In addition, a magnetic energy regenerative switch is connected in parallel to each of the two reverse conducting semiconductor switches and a bridge circuit composed of two diodes facing the reverse conducting semiconductor switch and the two diodes. It may be replaced with a configuration having two magnetic energy storage capacitors connected in series.

Further, the magnetic energy regenerative switch is connected in parallel with two reverse conducting semiconductor switches connected in anti-series and two magnetic energy storage capacitors connected in series. It may be replaced with a configuration having a midpoint of the semiconductor switch and a wiring connected to the midpoints of the two magnetic energy storage capacitors.

When the generator is a three-phase AC generator, the magnetic energy regeneration switch may be arranged in each of the U, V, and W phases of the AC power.

In addition, a configuration may further include an electric motor load sensor that is connected to the electric motor and measures a load of the electric motor, and further includes a heat engine control unit that controls the output of the heat engine in accordance with an output signal from the electric motor output sensor. .

The inverter connected to the electric motor can return the regenerative power from the electric motor to the DC path side, and further includes a secondary battery connected to the DC path via the secondary battery adjusting means, and the secondary battery adjusting means Is connected to the heat engine control means, and the secondary battery adjustment means supplies power to the secondary battery from the DC path to charge the secondary battery, or conversely supplies power from the secondary battery to the DC path to When discharging the battery, the heat engine control means may be configured to correct the output of the heat engine in accordance with the charge of the secondary battery adjustment means or the adjustment of the discharge.

The battery further includes a charge state sensor connected to the secondary battery for measuring the charge state of the secondary battery, and the secondary battery adjustment means adjusts charging or discharging according to a charge state signal from the charge state sensor. It can also be configured to do.

Here, instead of the inverter and the electric motor, a configuration including an electric motor driven by DC power may be used.

The electric motor may drive an electric locomotive, an electric vehicle, an electric vehicle, or a hybrid car, and may drive a floating body, an electric propulsion ship, or an electric propulsion submarine. Further, the electric motor may drive a machine, equipment, or workpiece installed in a building, factory, construction site, base, ship, train, aircraft, or truck.

Further objects and other features of the present invention will become apparent from the preferred embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

According to the present invention, a prime mover system that does not lower the power generation efficiency of a generator even in a high output state is provided, and switching loss in rectification (AC / DC conversion) is reduced with respect to the power obtained by the generator. Can be made.

It is a figure which shows the basic composition of the magnetic energy regeneration power supply 10 based on this embodiment. FIG. 2A and FIG. 2B are diagrams for explaining switching control of the magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) 30 by the control unit 40. FIGS. 3A and 3B are diagrams for explaining switching control of the magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) 30 by the control unit 40. FIG. FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B are diagrams for explaining switching control of the magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) 30 by the control unit 40. 5 (a), 5 (b), 5 (c), and 5 (d) are diagrams for explaining the operation result of the AC power supply device incorporating the magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) 30. FIG. . It is a figure which shows the actual value of the output electric power of the magnetic energy regeneration power supply 10 with which the magnetic energy regeneration switch (MERS) 30 was integrated when changing gate phase angle (alpha). This is a model circuit for simulating the operation of the MERS circuit 38. 8A, 8B, 8C, 8D, and 8E show the MERS circuit 38 under the condition that the load voltage Vload is lower than the voltage E0 of the AC signal source 43. FIG. It is a figure which simulates generator operation at the time of controlling. 9 (a), 9 (b), 9 (c), 9 (d), and 9 (e) are conditions under which the voltage E0 of the AC signal source 43 and the load voltage Vload are substantially equal. It is a figure which simulates generator operation at the time of controlling MERS circuit 38. 10 (a), 10 (b), 10 (c), 10 (d), and 10 (e), the load resistor 58 is changed to a parallel connection (1Ω) of two resistors. It is a figure which simulates generator operation | movement at the time of controlling the MERS circuit 38 which made load twice. It is a figure which simulates the generator operation | movement when not controlling MERS. It is a figure which simulates a generator operation | movement at the time of operating the MERS circuit 38 in a part of each period of alternating current. It is a figure which shows the other aspect of the magnetic energy regeneration switch (MERS) 30. FIG. It is a figure which shows the other aspect of the magnetic energy regeneration switch (MERS) 30. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of a prime mover system 100. FIG. FIG. 16A is a graph showing the output power with respect to the output current of the generator. FIG.16 (b) is a graph which shows the output voltage with respect to the output current of a generator. FIG.16 (c) is a graph which shows the loss with respect to the output electric power of a generator. It is a figure which shows the example which improves the power factor of a generator using the magnetic energy regeneration switch (MERS) based on Embodiment 1 of this invention for the current path of a three-phase alternating current. It is a block block diagram which shows schematic structure of the motor | power_engine system 200 based on Embodiment 2 of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

α: Gate phase angles SW1 to SW8: Reverse conducting semiconductor switches G1 to G4: Gates D1 and D2 of the reverse conducting semiconductor switches SW1 to SW4: Diodes DC (P), DC (N): DC terminal AC: AC terminal 10 : Magnetic energy regenerative power supply 20: AC power supply 21: Inductive components 30, 30-U, 30-V, 30-W, 30-1, 30-2, 30-3: Magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS)
32, 33, 34, 35, 36: Magnetic energy storage capacitor 38: MERS circuit 40: Control unit 42: Gate control unit 50:

Loads

51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 57: Voltage monitoring point 56: Current monitoring point 100, 200: prime mover systems 110, 110-1, 110-2, 110-3: heat engines 120, 120-1, 120-2, 120-3: generators 130, 130-1, 130-2, 130- 3: Rectifier 140: Smoothing capacitor 150: DC path 160:

Inverters

170, 705, 710: Electric motor 180: Secondary battery 182: Charge state sensor 184: Secondary battery adjustment means 210: Voltage sensor 250: Excitation adjustment means 270: Electric motor Output sensor 280: heat engine control means 310, 340, 370: generation using magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) Machine output characteristics 320,350,360: generator output characteristic according to the prior art 330:

excess Characteristics

500, 510, 520: DC power supply unit 600: distribution devices

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The same or equivalent components, members, and processes shown in the drawings are denoted by the same reference numerals, and repeated descriptions are omitted as appropriate. Further, the embodiments do not limit the invention but are exemplifications, and all features and combinations thereof described in the embodiments are not necessarily essential to the invention.

The power supply adjustment switch included in the prime mover system according to the present embodiment is, for example, a magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) (hereinafter referred to as MERS).

Magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS), for example, does not have reverse blocking capability, that is, it is possible to turn on / off current in both forward and reverse directions only by gate control using four reverse conducting semiconductor elements and cut off the current. This is a switch that can regenerate magnetic energy without loss by storing the magnetic energy of the current in the magnetic energy storage capacitor and releasing it to the load side through the semiconductor element provided with an on-gate. It is a magnetic energy regenerative switch with low loss that can be controlled. (For example, refer to Japanese Patent No. 3634882. In this patent publication, a full bridge type MERS is disclosed.)

For the magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS), as a reverse conduction type semiconductor element, for example, a semiconductor element capable of forward control such as a power MOSFET, a transistor having an IGBT or a diode connected in reverse parallel (hereinafter referred to as a reverse conduction type semiconductor switch). Is used). The magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) is configured by connecting a bridge circuit composed of the four reverse conducting semiconductor switches and a magnetic energy storage capacitor that absorbs and releases magnetic energy to the positive and negative electrodes of the bridge circuit. . The magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) can flow current in either direction by controlling the gate phase of these four reverse conducting semiconductor switches.

The magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) is a pair of two reverse conducting semiconductor switches located on a diagonal line among four reverse conducting semiconductor switches connected in a bridge, and the two pairs are turned on / off. The switching operation is performed in synchronization with the frequency of the power source, and when one pair is on, the other pair is turned off. The magnetic energy storage capacitor repeatedly charges and discharges magnetic energy in accordance with the on / off switching timing.

When an off-gate is applied to one pair and an on-gate is applied to the other pair, the current conducted in the forward direction is changed to the first diode of the other pair—the magnetic energy storage capacitor—the second of the other pair. In this way, the magnetic energy storage capacitor is charged. That is, the magnetic energy of the current is stored in the magnetic energy storage capacitor. The magnetic energy of the current at the time of current interruption is stored in the magnetic energy storage capacitor until the voltage of the magnetic energy storage capacitor rises and the current becomes zero. When the voltage of the magnetic energy storage capacitor increases until the magnetic energy storage capacitor current becomes zero, the current interruption is completed. At this point, since the other pair has already been turned on, the charge of the magnetic energy storage capacitor is discharged to the load side through the reverse conducting semiconductor switch that is turned on, and the magnetic energy stored in the magnetic energy storage capacitor is discharged. Is regenerated as an induction component.

Thus, the magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) controls the on / off gate phase of two pairs of two reverse conducting semiconductor switches located on the diagonal line among the four reverse conducting semiconductor switches. Thus, it is possible to arbitrarily control the magnitude of the output voltage of the magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) and the phase of the current.

The control unit changes the gate phase of the magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) in accordance with the smoothed DC voltage (detection voltage).

First, the configuration and operation of a magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) as a power source power adjustment switch will be described. In this embodiment, a magnetic energy regenerative power source will be described as an example. In addition, a magnetic energy regenerative load (MERS) can also comprise a magnetic energy regenerative load by incorporating in an inductive load. Further, a magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) can be connected in series between an AC power source and an inductive load to constitute a magnetic energy regenerative system.

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a basic configuration of a magnetic energy regenerative power source 10 according to the present embodiment. A magnetic energy regenerative power source 10 shown in FIG. 1 includes a magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) 30 that is a power source power adjustment switch, a generator 120, and a load 50. The generator 120 corresponds to a generator driven by a heat engine such as a diesel engine, for example. The generator 120 includes an AC power supply 20 and an inductive component 21 (or L component) due to the inductance of a coil constituting the generator 120 as an equivalent circuit thereof. Although FIG. 1 shows a configuration in which one magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) 30 is connected to a single-phase alternating current for the sake of brevity, the present invention is not limited to this. It is possible to use a generator that generates a plurality of phases of alternating current such as three phases in synchronism with the generator 120, and the magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) 30 is used by connecting to the alternating current path of each phase. be able to. The load 50 includes a rectifier or the like to which AC power that has passed through the magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) 30 is supplied. Further, the magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) 30 is connected to a control unit 40 that controls the switching operation of the gate of the magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) 30. In the switching operation, rotational position detection means (not shown) for detecting the rotational position connected to the generator is connected to the control unit 40, and is synchronized with the frequency of the internal induced electromotive voltage of the generator as described later. The AC power is controlled according to the voltage of the rectified DC power.

The magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) 30 is a magnetic energy regenerative switch that can control currents in both forward and reverse directions and can regenerate magnetic energy to the inductive component 21 without loss. The magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) 30 includes a bridge circuit composed of four reverse conducting semiconductor switches SW1, SW2, SW3, and SW4, and magnetic energy of a current that flows through the circuit when the reverse conducting semiconductor switch of the bridge circuit is cut off. And a magnetic energy storage capacitor 32 that absorbs.

In the bridge circuit, a reverse conducting semiconductor switch SW1 and a reverse conducting semiconductor switch SW4 are connected in series, a reverse conducting semiconductor switch SW2 and a reverse conducting semiconductor switch SW3 are connected in series, and they are connected in parallel. Is formed.

The magnetic energy storage capacitor 32 is connected to the DC terminal DC (P) at the connection point between the reverse conducting semiconductor switch SW1 and the reverse conducting semiconductor switch SW3, and between the reverse conducting semiconductor switch SW2 and the reverse conducting semiconductor switch SW4. It is connected to a DC terminal DC (N) at a point. In addition, a load 50 is connected to an AC terminal AC at a connection point between the reverse conduction semiconductor switch SW1 and the reverse conduction semiconductor switch SW4, and an AC current is present at a connection point between the reverse conduction semiconductor switch SW2 and the reverse conduction semiconductor switch SW3. The AC power source 20 of the generator 120 is connected in series to the terminal AC.

A first pair of reverse conducting semiconductor switches SW1 and SW2 located on a diagonal line disposed in a magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) 30 and a reverse conducting semiconductor switch SW3 and SW4 also located on the diagonal line The second pair is alternately turned on / off in synchronization with the power supply frequency. That is, when one pair is on, the other pair is off. Then, for example, when an off-gate is given to the first pair and an on-gate is given to the second pair, the current that has been conducted in the forward direction becomes the reverse conduction type semiconductor switch SW3-magnetic energy storage capacitor of the second pair. 32--reverse conduction type semiconductor switch SW4 flows through the path, whereby the magnetic energy storage capacitor 32 is charged. That is, the magnetic energy of the current is stored in the magnetic energy storage capacitor 32.

The magnetic energy of the current at the time of current interruption is accumulated in the magnetic energy storage capacitor until the voltage of the magnetic energy storage capacitor 32 increases and the current becomes zero, and the voltage of the magnetic energy storage capacitor 32 is increased until the capacitor current becomes zero. When it rises, the current interruption is completed. At this time, the second pair has already been turned on, so that the charge of the magnetic energy storage capacitor 32 is discharged to the load 50 through the turned-on reverse conducting semiconductor switches SW3 and SW4, and the magnetic energy storage capacitor 32 Is regenerated to the inductive component 21 of the generator 120 through the load 50.

When the current is turned on / off, a pulse voltage is applied to the inductive component 21, and the magnitude of the voltage depends on the capacitance of the magnetic energy storage capacitor 32 and the reverse conduction type semiconductor switches SW 1 to SW 4 and the inductive component 21. It can be within the allowable withstand voltage range. Unlike the conventional series power factor correction capacitor, a DC capacitor can be used for the magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) 30. The reverse conducting semiconductor switches SW1 to SW4 are made of, for example, power MOSFETs and have gates G1, G2, G3, and G4, respectively. Body diodes (parasitic diodes) are connected in parallel to the channels of the reverse conducting semiconductor switches SW1 to SW4.

In the magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) 30, in addition to the body diode, a diode may be added in reverse parallel to the reverse conducting semiconductor switches SW1 to SW4. As the reverse conducting semiconductor switches SW1 to SW4, for example, an element such as an IGBT or a transistor having a diode connected in reverse parallel can be used.

The control unit 40 controls the switching operation of the reverse conducting semiconductor switches SW1 to SW4 of the magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) 30. Specifically, it includes an on / off operation of a pair of reverse conducting semiconductor switches SW1 and SW2 located on a diagonal line in a bridge circuit of the magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) 30 and reverse conducting semiconductor switches SW3 and SW4. A control signal is transmitted to the gates G1 to G4 so that the pair is turned on and off simultaneously every half cycle so that when one is turned on, the other is turned off.

Subsequently, switching control of the magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) 30 by the control unit 40 will be described in detail. 2 (a), 2 (b), 3 (a), 3 (b), 4 (a), and 4 (b) are magnetic fields generated by the control unit 40 based on single-phase AC power generated by the AC power supply 20. It is a figure for demonstrating switching control of energy regeneration switch (MERS) 30.

First, when the control unit 40 turns on the reverse conducting semiconductor switches SW1 and SW2 in a state where the magnetic energy storage capacitor 32 has no charging voltage, as shown in FIG. A path that passes through SW3 and SW1 and a path that passes through reverse conducting semiconductor switches SW2 and SW4 flow in parallel.

Next, a predetermined timing before the polarity of the AC voltage of the generator is reversed, for example, about 6.94 ms before when the generator AC frequency of the generator 120 is 60 Hz, about 75 ° before the phase angle α, The controller 40 turns off the reverse conducting semiconductor switches SW1 and SW2. (This corresponds to a phase angle α = 90 deg with respect to the internal induced electromotive voltage.) As a result, as shown in FIG. 2 (b), the current is reverse conducting semiconductor switch SW3-magnetic energy storage capacitor 32-reverse. It flows through a path that passes through the conductive semiconductor switch SW4. As a result, magnetic energy is absorbed (charged) in the magnetic energy storage capacitor 32. Note that the reverse conducting semiconductor switches SW3 and SW4 are turned on at the timing when the reverse conducting semiconductor switches SW1 and SW2 are turned off.

When the charging of the magnetic energy storage capacitor 32 is completed, that is, when the voltage of the magnetic energy storage capacitor 32 exceeds a predetermined value, the current is cut off. Then, when the voltage of the AC power supply 20 is inverted, the reverse conducting semiconductor switches SW3 and SW4 are already on, and the magnetic energy storage capacitor 32 has a charging voltage. Therefore, as shown in FIG. The reverse conduction type semiconductor switch SW4 flows through a path passing through the magnetic energy storage capacitor 32 and the reverse conduction type semiconductor switch SW3. Then, the magnetic energy stored in the magnetic energy storage capacitor 32 is released (discharged).

Next, when the discharge from the magnetic energy storage capacitor 32 is completed, as shown in FIG. 3B, the current passes through the reverse conducting semiconductor switches SW1 and SW3 and the reverse conducting semiconductor switches SW4 and SW2. It flows through the path and becomes a parallel conduction state.

Next, at a predetermined timing before the voltage of the AC power supply 20 is inverted (for example, the phase angle is also approximately 75 degrees before), the control unit 40 turns off the reverse conducting semiconductor switches SW3 and SW4. As a result, as shown in FIG. 4 (a), the current flows through a path passing through the reverse conducting semiconductor switch SW1, the magnetic energy storage capacitor 32, and the reverse conducting semiconductor switch SW2. As a result, magnetic energy is absorbed by the magnetic energy storage capacitor 32. Similarly, the reverse conducting semiconductor switches SW1 and SW2 are turned on at the timing when the reverse conducting semiconductor switches SW3 and SW4 are turned off.

When the charging of the magnetic energy storage capacitor 32 is completed, the current is cut off, and when the voltage of the AC power supply 20 is reversed, the reverse conducting semiconductor switches SW1 and SW2 are already on, and the magnetic energy storage capacitor 32 has a charging voltage. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 4B, the current flows through a path passing through the reverse conducting semiconductor switch SW2-the magnetic energy storage capacitor 32-the reverse conducting semiconductor switch SW1. Then, the magnetic energy stored in the magnetic energy storage capacitor 32 is discharged. When the discharge from the magnetic energy storage capacitor 32 is completed, the parallel conduction state shown in FIG. As described above, the magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) 30 can cause a current to flow in both directions by alternately bringing two opposing pairs of reverse conducting semiconductor switches into a conducting state.

The following effects are obtained by the switching control of the magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) 30 as described above. FIGS. 5A, 5 B, 5 C, and 5 D illustrate the operation results of the AC power supply apparatus incorporating the magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) 30 when the power generation frequency of the generator is 60 Hz. In addition, in one embodiment of the operation of the AC power supply device, actual measurement values of voltages of respective units are shown. FIG. 5A shows power supply voltage and current waveforms when the magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) 30 is not incorporated. FIG. 5B shows the magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) 30 incorporated. The waveforms of the power supply voltage, current, and output voltage of the magnetic energy regenerative power supply 10 are shown. 5C shows the waveform of the magnetic energy storage capacitor voltage and the current flowing through the reverse conducting semiconductor switch SW1, and FIG. 5D shows the timing when the reverse conducting semiconductor switch SW1 is turned on.

FIG. 5D is a diagram in which the gate phase angle α for controlling the reverse conducting semiconductor switch included in the magnetic energy regenerative power source 10 according to the present invention and the internal induced electromotive voltage of the generator are overlapped. For the sake of concise description, the case of single-phase alternating current will be described. In order to make the power factor of the generator output close to 1, the phase of the gate signal needs to be advanced by 90 degrees with respect to the phase of the generator output voltage (without MERS) when there is no load. However, when a load is connected to the generator, this phase advance may cause a phase delay (for example, δ) due to an inductance component (L component) included in the load. In this embodiment, the phase α ′ (advance) of the gate signal with respect to the phase of the generator output voltage (without MERS) is about 75 deg. FIG. 5D shows the relationship between the phase α set in this way, the internal induced electromotive voltage, and the gate-on signal in the aforementioned SW1. As for the other gate switching included in the magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) 30, as described above, SW2 performs switching in the same phase as SW1, and SW3 and SW4 perform switching in opposite phase to these. Here, in actual control, it is preferable to use an internal induced electromotive voltage that can be easily measured as a reference for the phase of the gate signal. In this case, it may be defined as the phase α ′ (advance) of the gate signal with respect to the crest (or the bottom of the trough) of the internal induced electromotive voltage. In either case, the values of α and α ′ are almost the same value.

That is, the magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) 30 stores the magnetic energy of the alternating current in the magnetic energy storage capacitor 32 by adjusting the gate phases of the two pairs on the diagonal line of the reverse conducting semiconductor switches SW1 to SW4. By advancing the phase of the current and regenerating the magnetic energy of the stored alternating current in the inductive component 21, it is possible to compensate the reactance of the generator and suppress a decrease in the output voltage of the generator. Thereby, the magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) 30 can bring the power factor of the AC power supply 20 close to 1. Further, the magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) 30 can arbitrarily control the phase of the current as well as advance the phase of the current, and can arbitrarily adjust the power factor. Furthermore, by storing the magnetic energy of the alternating current in the magnetic energy storage capacitor 32 and regenerating the stored magnetic energy in the inductive component 21, it is possible to increase or decrease the output voltage of the magnetic energy regenerative power supply 10 steplessly.

The internal induced electromotive voltage of the generator shown in FIG. 5 (d) exceeds ± 250V, and an AC voltage of about 180V or more is generated as an execution value. However, as shown in FIG. 5A, when the magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) 30 is not incorporated, the output voltage of the generator decreases to, for example, less than ± 30V due to the influence of the inductive component 21 described above. . By using the magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) 30 according to the present invention, as shown in FIG. 5B, the generator output voltage can be recovered to about ± 250 V as a peak value and to about 180 V as an execution value. It is.

Further, as shown in FIGS. 5C and 5D, at the timing when the reverse conducting semiconductor switch SW1 is turned on, the magnetic energy storage capacitor voltage is 0, and the current flowing through the reverse conducting semiconductor switch SW1. Is the current that flows through the diode of the reverse conducting semiconductor switch SW1 during parallel conduction. The magnetic energy storage capacitor voltage is 0 even at the timing when the reverse conducting semiconductor switch SW1 is turned off. That is, switching is performed at 0 voltage and 0 current, and therefore loss due to switching can be eliminated. Since the other three reverse conducting semiconductor switches SW2 to SW4 are switched in synchronization with the reverse conducting semiconductor switch SW1, the same result is obtained.

As described above, FIGS. 5A, 5 B, 5 C, and 5 D are obtained when the gate phase angle α for controlling the reverse conducting semiconductor switch is about 75 deg when the AC frequency is 60 Hz. Although the operation result of the magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) 30 is shown, the gate phase angle α for controlling the reverse conducting semiconductor switch of the magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) 30 should be continuously controlled from 0 deg to 360 deg. Can do.

FIG. 6 shows measured values of the output power of the magnetic energy regenerative power supply 10 incorporating the magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) 30 when the gate phase angle α for controlling the reverse conducting semiconductor switch is changed. FIG. 6A shows an example of the characteristics of the output power with respect to the gate phase angle α. As the generator, a permanent magnet type synchronous generator (rated output power 1.2 kW, 87.5 Hz, rated voltage 130.6 V, rated current 5.5 A, 6 poles, rated rotational speed 1750 rpm) is used, and the output current is 4 The relationship between the gate phase angle α and the output voltage when measured at a constant value of 5 A was measured. As a result, a maximum output power of 1.12 kW was obtained at α = 75 [deg]. The value of the gate phase angle α is smaller than 90 deg because of the delay due to the load angle δ as described above. FIG. 6B is a diagram plotting the value of the gate phase angle α to be set against the output power. As the output power increases, the load angle δ increases, thereby reducing the value of the gate phase angle α.

As shown in FIG. 6, the magnetic energy regenerative power source 10 according to the present invention can extract the maximum power from the generator by controlling the gate phase angle α to an appropriate value. That is, in the magnetic energy regenerative power supply 10 according to the present embodiment, the gate phase angle α of the magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) 30 can be continuously controlled.

When the gate phase angle α is controlled in the range from 180 deg to 360 deg, the result is the same as when the direction is changed from 180 deg to 0 deg. As the gate phase angle α, an “advance region” in the range of 0 deg to 180 deg or a “lag region” in the range of 180 deg to 360 deg can be used. Preferably, the gate phase angle α can be controlled with less distortion, and an “advance region” in which the effect of the phase advance action is effective can be used.

The charging / discharging cycle of the magnetic energy storage capacitor 32 is a half cycle of the resonance cycle determined by the inductance of the inductive component 21 and the dielectric capacitance of the magnetic energy storage capacitor 32. When the switching cycle is longer than the resonance cycle, the magnetic energy regenerative switch ( MERS) 30 can always perform zero voltage zero current switching, that is, soft switching, regardless of the gate phase angle α.

Unlike the conventional voltage type inverter, the magnetic energy storage capacitor 32 used for the magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) 30 is only for storing the magnetic energy for a half period of the power source frequency of the inductive component 21 in the circuit. Is. For this reason, the capacitor capacity can be significantly reduced as compared with the voltage source capacitor of the conventional voltage type inverter. The dielectric capacity of the magnetic energy storage capacitor is selected so that the resonance period with the inductive component 21 is shorter than the switching frequency. For this reason, harmonic noise that tends to be a problem in the conventional voltage type inverter hardly occurs in the switching in the magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) 30. Therefore, the adverse effect of harmonic noise on precision instruments, measuring instruments, etc. hardly occurs in the magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) 30, and the magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) 30 can be used safely in hospitals and the like. it can. In addition, since soft switching is used, power loss in the switching element is small and heat generation is small.

In addition, when the magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) 30 is used as a gate pulse generator, a unique ID number can be assigned to each magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) 30, and a control signal from the outside can be used using this. Can be received and each magnetic energy regeneration switch (MERS) 30 can be controlled. For example, it is possible to wirelessly control the magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) 30 by sending a control signal wirelessly using a communication line such as the Internet.

The reactance compensation of the generator by the switching control of the magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) 30 as described above can be examined in more detail using a calculation technique for simulating the operation of the electronic circuit. FIG. 7 shows a MERS circuit 38 as a calculation model for simulating the operation of the magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) 30. The MERS circuit 38 includes four of the above-described reverse conducting semiconductor switches, and U, V, X, and Y terminals that are input of control signals are provided at the gates of the switches. The gate control unit 42 includes output terminals U, V, X, and Y for outputting control signals to these gates. The same reference numerals are connected to the output terminal of the gate control unit 42 and the gate input of the MERS circuit 38, respectively. In the gate control unit 42, as shown in FIG. 7, the same signal is output from the output terminals X and V, and the same signal is output from the output terminals Y and U. The relationship between the former and the latter is opposite in phase. It is in. That is, in the MERS circuit 38, a pair of reverse conducting semiconductor switches located on the opposite side receives the same control signal having an opposite phase relationship with the other pair. These control modes are the same as those of the aforementioned magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) 30 which is a corresponding electronic circuit. The AC signal source 44 provided in the gate control unit 42 is set to the same frequency as the AC signal source 43 assumed as a generator. Further, the AC power that has passed through the MERS circuit 38 is consumed by the load resistor 58. As shown in the figure, the load resistor 58 may be composed of two resistors connected in parallel, or may be composed of one resistor, and can be arbitrarily set.

7 is provided with voltage monitor points 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, and 57, which are referred to as E0, XsDrop, RDdrop, Vout, Vmers, and Vload, respectively. E0 is the voltage of the AC signal source 43, which assumes an internal induced electromotive voltage of the generator. XsDrop and RDdrop are voltage drops of the AC signal source 43 due to the inductance component and resistance component of the generator. A dropped AC voltage appears in Vout. In Vmers, the voltage between the electrodes of the magnetic energy storage capacitor 32 inside the MERS circuit 38 appears. In Vload, a voltage applied to the load resistor 58 appears. Furthermore, a current monitoring point 56 (Iout) may be provided in order to monitor the current flowing through the load resistor 58.

As the simulation conditions, the AC signal source 43 was a single-phase AC with a frequency of 60 Hz and a voltage of 254 V, and the inductance component and resistance component of the generator were 20 mH and 10 mΩ, respectively. Further, the magnetic energy storage capacitor 32 was set to 350 μF, and two 2Ω resistors were connected in parallel as the load resistor 58.

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the voltage at each voltage monitoring point when the MERS circuit 38 is controlled under the condition that the load voltage Vload is lower than the voltage E0 of the AC signal source 43. The operating condition in which the load voltage Vload is lower than the voltage E0 corresponding to the internal induced electromotive voltage of the generator as shown in FIG. 8A is a state where the reactance of the generator is not completely compensated. In FIG. 8A, one 2Ω resistor is used as the load resistor 58, and the value of the current appearing at the current monitor point 56 (Iout) is overwritten using the same scale as the voltage. As for other voltage monitoring points, as shown in FIGS. 8B to 8E, XsDrop was within ± 1000 V, RDrop was within ± 1 V, Vout was within ± 600 V, and Vmers was in the range of 0 to 600 V. .

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the voltage at each voltage monitoring point when the MERS circuit 38 is controlled under the condition that the voltage E0 of the AC signal source 43 and the load voltage Vload are substantially equal. From the simulation results, as shown in FIG. 9A, the voltage drop due to the reactance of the generator is compensated, and the load voltage Vload can create a state substantially equal to the voltage E0 corresponding to the internal induced electromotive voltage of the generator. That is, in the present invention, it is possible to create a state where the power factor viewed from the generator is 1. The residual is considered to be an influence of RDrop which is a voltage drop of the AC signal source 43 due to the resistance component of the generator. When the value of the current appearing at the current monitor point 56 (Iout) was overwritten using the same scale as the voltage, it matched with Vout. For other voltage monitoring points, as shown in FIGS. 9B to 9E, XsDrop was within ± 2000V, RDrop was within ± 3V, Vout was within ± 2000V, and Vmers was in the range of 0 to 2000V. .

FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the voltage at each voltage monitoring point when the MERS circuit 38 is controlled by changing the load resistor 58 to a parallel connection (1Ω) of two resistors under the conditions of FIG. From the result of the simulation, as shown in FIG. 10A, as in FIG. 9A, the voltage drop due to the reactance of the generator is compensated, and the load voltage Vload corresponds to the internal induced electromotive voltage of the generator. A state almost equal to E0 can be created. However, the calculated current value appearing at the current monitor point 56 (Iout) is larger than that in FIG. Further, for other voltage monitoring points, as shown in FIGS. 10B to 10E, XsDrop is within ± 3000V, RDrop is within ± 4V, Vout is within ± 3000V, and Vmers is within a range of 0 to 3000V. Increased and computationally dangerous conditions with high operating voltages occurred.

FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the voltage at each voltage monitoring point when MERS control is not performed, as a comparison with FIGS. 9 and 10. As apparent from FIG. 11A, the voltage E0 corresponding to the internal induced electromotive voltage of the generator is in the range of about ± 250V, while the load voltage Vload is less than about ± 30V, The voltage cannot be secured. As for other voltage monitoring points, as shown in FIGS. 11B to 11D, XsDrop is ± 300 or less, RDrop is ± 0.4 V or less, Vout is ± 30 V or less, and most of E0 generates power. It was suggested that it was taken into the voltage drop by the inductance component of the machine.

FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating the voltage at each voltage monitoring point when the MERS circuit 38 is operated in a part of each AC cycle, that is, between the states shown in FIGS. 8 and 11. The characteristic of the load voltage Vload without MERS control shown in FIG. 12A is the same as that shown in FIG. 11A and is less than about ± 30V. On the other hand, the load voltage Vload in the case of MERS control could be secured over a range of about ± 250 V (about 180 V as an execution value) as a peak. As for other voltage monitoring points, as shown in FIGS. 12B to 12E, XsDrop is within ± 600V, RDrop is within ± 0.6V, Vout is within ± 250V, and Vmers is within a range of 0 to 250V. there were. Thus, by using the MERS circuit 38 in accordance with the present invention for partial control of the AC cycle, the voltage drop due to the reactance component of the generator is effectively compensated while avoiding an increase in the voltage inside the circuit. It becomes possible.

In the magnetic energy regenerative power source 10 described above, a magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) 30 that is a power source power adjustment switch is between a bridge circuit formed by four reverse conducting semiconductor switches SW1 to SW4 and a DC terminal of the bridge circuit. The magnetic energy storage capacitor 32 is connected, but the magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) 30 may be configured as follows.

FIGS. 13 and 14 are diagrams showing another aspect of the magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) 30. A magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) 30 shown in FIG. 13 is a full-bridge magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) 30 including the above-described four reverse conducting semiconductor switches SW1 to SW4 and one magnetic energy storage capacitor 32. On the other hand, it is a vertical half-bridge type composed of two reverse conducting semiconductor switches, two diodes, and two magnetic energy storage capacitors.

More specifically, this vertical half-bridge magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) 30 includes two reverse conducting semiconductor switches SW5 and SW6 connected in series, and two reverse conducting semiconductor switches SW5, Two magnetic

energy storage capacitors

33 and 34 connected in series and provided in parallel with SW6, and two diodes D1 and D2 connected in parallel with the two magnetic

energy storage capacitors

33 and 34, respectively, Contains.

The magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) 30 shown in FIG. 14 is a horizontal half-bridge type. The horizontal half-bridge MERS is composed of two reverse conducting semiconductor switches and two magnetic energy storage capacitors.

More specifically, the horizontal half-bridge structure magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) 30 includes a reverse conduction type semiconductor switch SW7 and a magnetic energy storage capacitor 35 provided in series on the first path, and a first path. A reverse conducting semiconductor switch SW8 and a magnetic energy storage capacitor 36 provided in series on a second path parallel to the first path, and a wiring connected in parallel to the first and second paths. .

FIG. 15 is a diagram showing a configuration of the prime mover system 100 according to the present embodiment. A prime mover system 100 shown in FIG. 15 includes a heat engine 110, a generator 120, a magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) 30, a rectifier 130, a smoothing capacitor 140, a secondary battery 180, an inverter 160, and an electric motor (AC electric motor) 170. The prime mover system 100 further includes a voltage sensor 210, excitation adjustment means 250, electric motor output sensor 270, and heat engine control means 280. Further, the secondary battery 180 is connected to a secondary battery adjusting unit 184 and a charge state sensor 182.

In the prime mover system 100 shown in FIG. 15, the heat engine 110 drives the generator 120, and the generator 120 generates AC power. A suitable generator 120 is, for example, a 440 V, 60 Hz specification 12-pole three-phase synchronous generator, but various types such as a 690 V, 60 Hz specification three-phase synchronous generator can be used. In the motor | power_engine system 100 which concerns on this invention, the magnetic energy regeneration switch (MERS) 30 is arrange | positioned between the generator 120 and the rectifier 130 for AC / DC conversion. As shown in FIG. 1, the switching operation of a generator 120 having an AC power supply 20 and an inductive component 21 as an equivalent circuit, a magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) 30 that is a power supply adjustment switch, and a magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) is performed. The magnetic energy regenerative power source 10 is configured by the control unit 40 to be controlled.

The rectifier 130 is connected to a magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) 30 and converts AC power into DC power by rectification. The rectifier 130 is a rectifier circuit using a rectifier element such as a silicon diode or a thyristor. A smoothing capacitor 140 is connected to the rectifier 130 via a DC path 150, and the smoothing capacitor 140 removes a pulsating flow component of the DC power rectified by the rectifier 130. The DC path 150 extends to the inverter 160 and supplies DC power to the inverter 160.

The inverter 160 converts DC power into AC power having a frequency corresponding to the output state, and generates driving AC power for driving the electric motor 170, and the electric motor 170 generates power by the driving AC power. The voltage and frequency are, for example, about 0 to 440 V and several tens of Hz to about 400 Hz in a 12-pole three-phase synchronous motor. When the frequency generated by the inverter 160 is 150 Hz, the 12-pole three-phase synchronous motor can typically rotate at about 1000 rpm, but the motor type, drive frequency, etc. are not limited to this, and depend on the application. Can be selected as appropriate. As a modification, a DC motor (not shown) driven by DC power may be used instead of the inverter 160 and the motor 170.

Also, a voltage sensor 210 is connected to the DC path 150, and the voltage sensor 210 measures the voltage of DC power flowing through the DC path 150. The control unit 40 changes the gate phase of the magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) 30 so that the voltage of the DC path 150 becomes a “predetermined value” according to the voltage measured by the voltage sensor 210. Specifically, for example, as described above with reference to FIGS. 5 and 6, the gate phase angle α is selected from the range of 50 deg to 75 deg, or the gate phase angle α is selected from the range of 75 deg to 90 deg. Can change. For example, as shown in FIG. 6A described above, when the gate phase angle α is in the control range from 50 deg to 75 deg, the output power of the magnetic energy regenerative power supply 10 increases as the gate phase angle α increases. Therefore, for example, when the AC power is 60 Hz, the voltage measured by the voltage sensor 210 is compared with the “predetermined value” about every 8.3 ms, and the voltage measured by the voltage sensor 210 is larger than the “predetermined value”. When the gate phase angle α is small and, conversely, when the voltage measured by the voltage sensor 210 is smaller than the “predetermined value”, the gate phase angle α is increased to control the voltage of the DC path 150 as “ It can be maintained at a “predetermined value”.

Further, for example, when the gate phase angle α is set to a control range from 75 deg to 90 deg, it may be controlled in the reverse direction.

The control range of the gate phase angle α is preferably in the vicinity of 75 deg, which has the greatest effect of advancing the phase of the current and thereby bringing the power factor of the AC power supply 20 close to 1. As the control range, the control center (gate phase angle α at which the voltage of the DC path 150 becomes “predetermined value”) is set to a control range centered on 75 deg (in the above example, 50 deg). To 90 deg) is desirable.

The prime mover system 100 also includes excitation adjustment means 250 that adjusts excitation of the generator 120 according to the voltage of the DC path 150 measured by the voltage sensor 210. The excitation adjustment means 250 compares the voltage measured by the voltage sensor 210 with a “predetermined value”. When the voltage measured by the voltage sensor 210 is greater than the “predetermined value”, the excitation is weakened and the output of the generator is reduced. On the contrary, when the voltage measured by the voltage sensor 210 is smaller than the “predetermined value”, the excitation is strengthened to increase the capacity of the generator, and the control of maintaining the voltage of the DC path 150 at the “predetermined value” is performed. .

Here, the control by the control unit 40 that changes the gate phase α of the magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) 30 according to the voltage of the DC path 150 measured by the voltage sensor 210 and the excitation adjustment that changes the excitation of the generator 120. Although the control by means 250 coexists, it is desirable to share the role of control. That is, in this case, the momentary change in the voltage of the DC path 150 is corrected by the control of the gate phase α of the magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) 30 by the control unit 40, and the change in the voltage of the DC path 150 over the medium to long term. Is preferably corrected by controlling excitation of the generator 120 by the excitation adjusting means 250.

Furthermore, the prime mover system 100 can measure information regarding the output status of the electric motor 170 using the electric motor output sensor 270. The information related to the operation status of the electric motor 170 may include, for example, information on the output voltage or output current of the inverter 160 that drives the electric motor 170, including the rotation speed, torque, counter electromotive voltage, and the like of the electric motor 170. The heat engine control means 280 may control the output of the heat engine 110 according to the output signal from the electric motor output sensor 270. The output control of the heat engine 110 includes fuel injection amount control, injection timing control, rotation speed control, and the like. Alternatively, these controls may include control of a speed governor (not shown) provided between the heat engine 110 and the generator 120.

The secondary battery 180 is connected to the DC path 150 via the secondary battery adjusting means 184. The secondary battery adjustment means 184 is connected to the heat engine control means 280, and when the secondary battery adjustment means 184 supplies power to the secondary battery 180 from the DC path 150 to charge the secondary battery 180, or vice versa. When power is supplied from the secondary battery 180 to the DC path 150 and the secondary battery 180 is discharged, a signal is sent to the heat engine control means 280, and the heat engine control means 280 causes the secondary battery adjustment means 184 to connect the secondary battery 180. When charging, the output of the diesel engine is larger than the amount corresponding to the output signal from the motor output sensor 270. Conversely, when the secondary battery adjusting means 184 discharges the secondary battery 180, the motor output sensor 270 The output of the diesel engine can be controlled to be smaller than the amount corresponding to the output signal from the engine. If the inverter 160 connected to the electric motor can return the regenerative electric power from the electric motor to the DC path side, the regenerated electric power can be used for charging the secondary battery 180.

Furthermore, a charge state sensor 182 that is connected to the secondary battery 180 and measures the charge state of the secondary battery 180 may be provided. The secondary battery adjustment means 184 can also be configured to adjust charging or discharging according to the charging state signal from the charging state sensor 182. Further, the secondary battery adjustment unit 184 charges the secondary battery 180 based on a charge state signal detected by the charge state sensor 182, for example, indicating that the secondary battery 180 needs to be charged. A request for increasing the output of the heat engine 110 by a predetermined amount may be transmitted to the heat engine control means 280. On the contrary, when the secondary battery 180 may be discharged, the secondary battery 180 is discharged, and a request to reduce the output of the heat engine 110 by a predetermined amount is transmitted to the heat engine control means 280. May be. The secondary battery adjustment unit 184 may perform trickle charging to compensate for the spontaneous discharge of the secondary battery 180.

FIG. 16 is a graph showing the generator output characteristics of the prime mover system according to the present invention. Using the circuit shown in FIG. 15, a 30 kW class three-phase synchronous generator was used as the AC power supply 20, and the generated power was consumed by the resistor bank. For comparison with the prior art, a circuit was prepared by replacing the magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) with a rectifier circuit using a diode bridge, and the characteristics in this case were used as the generator output characteristics according to the prior art.

FIG. 16A is a graph showing the output power with respect to the output current of the generator. FIG.16 (b) is a graph which shows the output voltage with respect to the output current of a generator. FIG.16 (c) is a graph which shows the loss with respect to the output electric power of a generator. These graphs compare and show the result using the rectifier circuit by the diode bridge according to the prior art and the result using the magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) according to the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 16A, when the generator output characteristic 310 using the magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) reaches 30 kW which is the rated power of the generator in the region where the generator output current exceeds 50 [A]. It is possible to control the operation of the generator so as to maintain this rated power. Therefore, in the present invention, the stable operation of the generator can be maintained safely without creating an excessive operating state exceeding the rated power. However, in the generator output characteristic 320 according to the conventional technique, the output power characteristic is saturated in the region where the output current of the generator reaches 50 [A], and the output can be reduced temporarily. It can be said that the output of the generator cannot be maintained in response to a typical load change.

In FIG. 16B, the generator output characteristic 340 using the magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) has an output voltage characteristic of approximately 300 [V] even in a region where the generator output current exceeds 100 [A]. ] Can be maintained. Furthermore, when the phase angle for controlling the switching of the magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) is adjusted and the inductive reactance of the generator is compensated for operation, the magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) as shown in the compensation characteristic 330 is operated. It was possible to obtain an output voltage exceeding the generator output characteristic 340 using However, in the generator output characteristic 350 according to the prior art, the output voltage decreased with an increase in the generator output current, and the output voltage for the output current 80 [A] was less than 200 [V].

In FIG. 16 (c), the generator output characteristics 370 using the magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) showed a tendency that the generator loss gradually increases with the increase in the generator output power. On the other hand, in the generator output characteristic 360 according to the prior art, the generator loss rapidly increased when the generator output power exceeded 25 [kW]. That is, in the prior art, even if more power is supplied for the operation of the generator, consumption due to loss increases and the output power tends to saturate. Under an operating condition where the generator output power is 30 [kW], the generator loss of the generator output characteristic 370 using the magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) according to the present invention is smaller than the generator output characteristic 360 according to the prior art. The value decreased by about 33%.

Thus, by using the generator compensated for reactance (inductive component) by the magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS), in the prime mover system according to the present invention, the generator output power is increased (about 62% increase), and the high output It is possible to stabilize the generator output voltage at the time and reduce the generator loss (about 33% reduction).

[Embodiment 1]
Next, the prime mover system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention will be described.

FIG. 17 shows a case where the magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention is used in a three-phase AC current path.

FIG. 17 is an excerpt of a part of the configuration including the generator and the rectifier in the prime mover system according to the present invention. That is, in FIG. 17, a three-phase alternating current generator that generates three-phase alternating current is used as the generator 120, and this is driven by a heat engine 110 such as a diesel engine. A configuration for obtaining a direct current by wave rectification is shown. The magnetic energy regenerative power supply 10 shown in FIG. 15 corresponds to the current paths of the three-phase alternating currents U, V, and W in FIG. 17, corresponding to magnetic energy regenerative switches (MERS) 30-U, 30-V, Contains 30-W as a whole. The operations of the magnetic energy regenerative switches (MERS) 30-U, 30-V, and 30-W in the current paths of the U, V, and W phases of the three-phase AC are the same as those described above for the single-phase AC. , Each 120 deg phase is controlled differently.

With this configuration, the prime mover system according to the present invention uses a three-phase AC generator as the generator 120 and operates magnetic energy regenerative switches (MERS) 30-U, 30-V, 30-W. Similarly, it is possible to advance the phase of the current even in three-phase alternating current, thereby making it possible to bring the power factor of the alternating current power supply 20 close to 1, and to compensate for the decrease in the output voltage due to the inductive component of the generator 120. .

[Embodiment 2]
Next, the prime mover system according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention will be described.

FIG. 18 is a block configuration diagram showing a schematic configuration of the prime mover system 200 according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. Specifically, the prime mover system 200 is included in a moving unit or a transporting unit that includes one or more electric motors in a propulsion mechanism such as an electric locomotive, an electric vehicle, an electric vehicle, a hybrid car, an electric propulsion ship, or an electric propulsion submarine. Can be. These moving means convert the power obtained by driving the electric motor with the electric power generated by the generator in the prime mover system according to the present invention into frictional force, lift force, thrust force or arbitrary force for movement or transportation. Anything can be used as long as it is a power source.

The prime mover system 200 shown in FIG. 18 includes DC

power supply units

500, 510, and 520, a power distribution device 600,

electric motors

705 and 710, and the like. Although FIG. 18 shows three DC power supply units and two electric motors, the motor system 200 can independently include any number of DC power supply units and any number of electric motors.

The DC power supply unit 500 includes a heat engine 110-1, a generator 120-1, a magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) 30-1, and a rectifier 130-1. The control unit for controlling the magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) 30-1 is the same as the control unit 40 for controlling the switching operation of the magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) 30 shown in FIG. Is omitted. Similarly, a smoothing capacitor and a DC path may be provided after the rectifier 130-1, and the voltage thereof may be measured by a voltage sensor (not shown) and input to the control unit 40. Furthermore, you may provide the charging / discharging part containing a secondary battery etc. in the back | latter stage of a smoothing capacitor. Further, the DC power supply unit 500 may be provided with an excitation adjuster for adjusting the excitation of the generator 120-1. Therefore, the DC power supply unit 500 reduces the power factor of the generator 120-1 by performing reactance (inductive component) compensation using the magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) 30-1 in the operation of the generator 120-1. It is possible to generate DC power while suppressing the above. The other DC

power supply units

510 and 520 can operate in the same manner.

The power distribution apparatus 600 can receive the DC power generated by the DC

power supply units

500, 510, and 520 as an input, synthesize these DC powers as appropriate, and output the power as power for driving the

motors

705 and 710. Specifically, the power distribution apparatus 600 can arbitrarily adjust a predetermined voltage, waveform, current phase, and the like for driving the

electric motors

705 and 710. Furthermore, the power distribution apparatus 600 may include a secondary battery, and may include a means for recovering regenerative power from the

electric motors

705 and 710.

Typically, the

motors

705 and 710 are AC motors, and the power distribution apparatus 600 can supply AC power of a predetermined voltage to these motors. As a modification, the

motors

705 and 710 may be DC motors, and the power distribution apparatus 600 may supply DC power of a predetermined voltage to these motors. In these forms, a suitable aspect of the power distribution apparatus 600 can be appropriately set according to the style of the

electric motors

705 and 710. When an AC motor is used as the

motors

705 and 710, the power distribution apparatus 600 uses an AC current for driving the

motors

705 and 710 with reactance (inductive component) compensation with high efficiency by using a magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS). There may be provided a circuit for generating. Further, the power distribution device 600 is provided with components equivalent to the motor output sensor 270 and the heat engine control means 280 shown in FIG. 15, and the heat engines 110-1, 110 are based on the operating conditions of the

motors

705, 710. -2 and 110-3 may be increased or decreased.

By configuring in this way, the prime mover system 200 according to the present invention uses a DC power supply unit that can suppress a power factor reduction of the generator using a magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS), in order to obtain necessary power. The power for driving any number of motors can be generated at the same time. In the prime mover system 200 according to the present invention, the generator is compensated for reactance (inductive component) to reduce the counter electromotive force, and the motor is compensated for reactance (inductive component) for high torque operation. Compared to the technology, the generator and the motor can be downsized. Therefore, compared with the prior art, it is possible to obtain effects such as a reduction in the size and weight of the entire electrical equipment, a reduction in the weight of an electric locomotive or a ship, energy savings due to an increase in fuel efficiency associated with a reduction in weight, and a reduction in environmental load. Is possible.

The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications such as design changes can be added based on the knowledge of those skilled in the art. Forms can also be included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

A heat engine,
A generator driven by the heat engine to generate AC power;
A rectifier that rectifies the AC power to generate DC power;
An inverter that converts the DC power into driving AC power of a predetermined frequency;
An electric motor driven by the driving AC power;
A prime mover system comprising a smoothing capacitor connected to a DC path between the rectifier and the inverter,
A power supply adjustment switch connected between the generator and the rectifier;
A voltage sensor connected to the DC path and measuring a DC voltage of the DC path;
The induction included in the generator is connected to the voltage sensor and the power supply power adjustment switch, and changes the magnitude of the output voltage and the phase of the current of the power supply power adjustment switch according to a voltage signal from the voltage sensor. And a control unit that compensates for a voltage drop of the AC power due to a component and adjusts the DC voltage of the DC path to a predetermined value.
Excitation adjustment means connected to the generator and the voltage sensor, and adjusting the DC voltage of the DC path to a predetermined value by changing excitation of the generator in accordance with a voltage signal from the voltage sensor. The motor | power_engine system of Claim 1 provided.
3. The motor system according to claim 2, wherein the adjustment of the DC voltage of the DC path by the control unit has priority over the adjustment of the DC voltage of the DC path by the excitation adjustment unit.
The power source power adjustment switch is connected between a bridge circuit composed of four reverse conducting semiconductor switches and a DC terminal of the bridge circuit, and stores magnetic energy of current at the time of current interruption. A magnetic energy regenerative switch comprising a capacitor, wherein the AC terminal of the bridge circuit is connected to the generator and the rectifier, respectively, and the control means provides a control signal to the gate of each reverse conducting semiconductor switch, An operation of turning on the reverse conducting semiconductor switch of one pair located on the diagonal line and turning off the reverse conducting semiconductor switch of the other pair simultaneously, and synchronizing the reverse conducting semiconductor switch with the AC power The switching is performed so that the pair to be turned on and the pair to be turned off are alternately switched. In response to a voltage signal from the sensor, the gate phase of each of the reverse conducting semiconductor switches is changed, and the phase of the switching operation with respect to the AC power is changed, whereby the magnitude and current of the input voltage of the power supply power adjustment switch are changed. The prime mover system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the prime mover system is a magnetic energy regenerative switch that changes the phase of the motor.
The magnetic energy regenerative switch is connected in parallel to each of the two diodes, and a bridge circuit composed of two reverse conducting semiconductor switches and two diodes facing the reverse conducting semiconductor switches. The prime mover system according to claim 4, wherein the prime mover system is replaced with a configuration having two magnetic energy storage capacitors connected in series and connected in series.
The magnetic energy regenerative switch connects two reverse conducting semiconductor switches connected in anti-series and two magnetic energy storage capacitors connected in series in parallel, and the two reverse conducting switches The prime mover system according to claim 4, wherein the motor system is replaced with a configuration having a middle point of the type semiconductor switch and a wiring line connected to the middle points of the two magnetic energy storage capacitors.
The said magnetic energy regeneration switch is any one of the Claims 4 thru | or 6 arrange | positioned at each U, V, W phase of the said alternating current power, when the said generator is a three-phase alternating current generator. The prime mover system described in 1.
An electric motor load sensor connected to the electric motor and measuring an output of the electric motor, further comprising a heat engine control means for controlling the output of the heat engine in accordance with an output signal from the electric motor load sensor. The prime mover system according to any one of items 1 to 7.
The battery further comprises a secondary battery connected to the DC path via a secondary battery adjustment means, the secondary battery adjustment means is connected to the heat engine control means, and the secondary battery adjustment means is connected to the DC path from the DC path. When supplying power to the secondary battery and charging the secondary battery, or conversely, supplying power from the secondary battery to the DC path and discharging the secondary battery, the heat engine control means, The prime mover system according to claim 8, wherein the output of the prime mover is corrected in accordance with charge or discharge adjustment of the secondary battery adjustment means.
The battery further includes a charge state sensor connected to the secondary battery and measuring a charge state of the secondary battery, wherein the secondary battery adjustment unit is configured to charge or discharge according to a charge state signal from the charge state sensor. The prime mover system according to claim 9, wherein adjustment is performed.
The prime mover system according to any one of claims 1 to 10, further comprising an electric motor driven by the DC power instead of the inverter and the electric motor.
The motor system according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the electric motor drives an electric locomotive, an electric vehicle, an electric vehicle, or a hybrid car.
The motor system according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the electric motor drives a floating body, an electric propulsion ship, or an electric propulsion submarine.
The said electric motor drives the machine, apparatus, and workpiece | work installed in the building, the factory, the construction site, a base, a ship, a train, an aircraft, and a truck, The range of any one of Claim 1 thru | or 11 Prime mover system.