WO2010044716A1 - Action device for different action effects and process for the same - Google Patents

Action device for different action effects and process for the same Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010044716A1
WO2010044716A1 PCT/SE2009/000412 SE2009000412W WO2010044716A1 WO 2010044716 A1 WO2010044716 A1 WO 2010044716A1 SE 2009000412 W SE2009000412 W SE 2009000412W WO 2010044716 A1 WO2010044716 A1 WO 2010044716A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
action
container
effect
initiation
action device
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/SE2009/000412
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Mats RUNEMÅRD
Original Assignee
Bae System Bofors Ab
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bae System Bofors Ab filed Critical Bae System Bofors Ab
Publication of WO2010044716A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010044716A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/20—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/04—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type
    • F42B12/10—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type with shaped or hollow charge
    • F42B12/12—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type with shaped or hollow charge rotatably mounted with respect to missile housing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/04—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type
    • F42B12/10—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type with shaped or hollow charge
    • F42B12/16—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type with shaped or hollow charge in combination with an additional projectile or charge, acting successively on the target
    • F42B12/18—Hollow charges in tandem arrangement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/20—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type
    • F42B12/201—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type characterised by target class
    • F42B12/205—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type characterised by target class for attacking aerial targets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/20—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type
    • F42B12/207—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type characterised by the explosive material or the construction of the high explosive warhead, e.g. insensitive ammunition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/20—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type
    • F42B12/208—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type characterised by a plurality of charges within a single high explosive warhead
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/36—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information
    • F42B12/42—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information of illuminating type, e.g. carrying flares
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/36—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information
    • F42B12/46—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information for dispensing gases, vapours, powders or chemically-reactive substances
    • F42B12/48—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information for dispensing gases, vapours, powders or chemically-reactive substances smoke-producing, e.g. infrared clouds
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B3/00—Blasting cartridges, i.e. case and explosive
    • F42B3/10—Initiators therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B4/00—Fireworks, i.e. pyrotechnic devices for amusement, display, illumination or signal purposes
    • F42B4/06—Aerial display rockets
    • F42B4/14—Aerial display rockets characterised by having plural successively-ignited charges
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C15/00—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges
    • F42C15/34—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges wherein the safety or arming action is effected by a blocking-member in the pyrotechnic or explosive train between primer and main charge
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C15/00—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges
    • F42C15/40—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges wherein the safety or arming action is effected electrically
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C19/00—Details of fuzes
    • F42C19/08—Primers; Detonators
    • F42C19/0807—Primers; Detonators characterised by the particular configuration of the transmission channels from the priming energy source to the charge to be ignited, e.g. multiple channels, nozzles, diaphragms or filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C19/00—Details of fuzes
    • F42C19/08—Primers; Detonators
    • F42C19/095—Arrangements of a multiplicity of primers or detonators, dispersed around a warhead, one of the primers or detonators being selected for directional detonation effects

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an action device, especially intended for incorporation in a shell, for different action effects, for example smoke effect, light effect, explosive effect or combinations thereof, the action device comprising at least two action charges, arranged one behind the other along a common centre axis A-A between two end faces disposed in the shell, the action device also comprising an initiation device .
  • Action devices for the achievement of different action effects are normally arranged with a plurality of action charges for different action effects.
  • at least one initiation device is provided for each action charge, the action device being arranged such that the action charges can be initiated simultaneously or individually, in sequence or with different delays, depending on the action effect to be achieved.
  • US 4 658 727 discloses an action device comprising a plurality of action charges, in which each of the action charges comprises at least one initiation device.
  • the initiation devices are coupled to a control and monitoring unit for controlling which action devices are to be initiated with regard to a combat target.
  • the arrangement in US 4 658 727 comprising a plurality of initiation devices implies a number of drawbacks, for example the risk of malfunction and accidental initiation is high. Malfunction can lead to failed initiation and propagation of undetonated action charges.
  • a plurality of initiation devices also implies a complex arrangement with high cost.
  • a main object of the present invention is an action device and a process for the action device, intended for a shell, comprising at least two action charges, axially arranged one behind the other in an action casing in which the action parts are designed for different action effects, the risk of accidental initiation or malfunction having been minimized.
  • a further object of the. present invention is a less complex arrangement having few constituent components, low weight and low cost.
  • the said objects, and other aims not listed here, are satisfactorily met within the scope of that which is stated in the present independent patent claims .
  • an action device has been provided, especially intended for incorporation in a shell, for the achievement of at least one action effect, such as smoke effect, light effect, explosive effect or combinations thereof, the risk of accidental initiation and malfunction being small, in which the number of constituent components is few, in which the weight is low and in which the cost is small.
  • the action device comprises at least two action charges, arranged one behind the other along a common centre axis A-A between two end faces disposed in the shell, and the action device comprises an initiation device.
  • the invention is characterized in that the initiation device is fixedly disposed in a container, which container is arranged coaxially and rotatably between the two end faces about the common centre axis A-A into different rotational positions Xi, X2, X3r X4, for selective initiation of one or more action charges.
  • the initiation device is fixedly disposed in a container, which container is arranged coaxially and rotatably between the two end faces about the common centre axis A-A into different rotational positions Xi, X2, X3r X4, for selective initiation of one or more action charges.
  • the action device also comprises a tubular container arranged coaxially about the container between the two end faces, the action charges being disposed on the outer side of the tubular container and separated with intervening barriers to prevent flashover ignition between the action charges, and gas discharge holes are disposed on the container and gas intake holes are disposed on the tubular container, which gas discharge holes and which gas intake holes are arranged such that they overlap one another when the container is rotated into set positions Xi, X 2 , X3, X4, corresponding to the position for one or more action charges,
  • the initiation device comprises a pyrotechnic composition configured as a pyrotechnic strand axially disposed in the container between the two end faces, and the pyrotechnic strand can be selectively initiated between the end faces,
  • the initiation device comprises one or more laser fuses
  • the action charge comprises a fuel, an oxidizing agent and additive for generating different action effects
  • the action charge comprises a coherent porous fuel structure
  • the oxidizing agent is stored separate from the fuel up to initiation of the action charge
  • the oxidizing agent is stored in the container, the container being pressurized for transfer of the oxidizing agent to the porous fuel structure when the gas discharge holes and the gas intake holes overlap one another,
  • the gas intake holes in the tubular container are larger than the gas discharge holes in the container for rapid transfer of gas to fuel
  • a rotary member is disposed on the container for rotating the container into different rotational positions Xi, X 2 , X 3 , X4,
  • the rotary member comprises an electrical unit coupled to a central control and monitoring unit for remote-controlled rotation,
  • the additive comprises phosphorous-treated nanoporous zinc for achievement of a smoke effect
  • the additive comprises nanoporous magnesium for achievement of a light effect
  • the porous fuel structure comprises picric acid for increased reactivity between the fuel and the oxidizing agent.
  • an action device especially intended for incorporation in a shell, for the achievement of at least one action effect
  • which action device comprises at least two action charges, arranged one behind the other along a common centre axis A-A between two end walls disposed in the action device, and the action device also comprises an initiation device.
  • the process is characterized in that the initiation device is disposed in a container, which container is arranged coaxially and rotatably about the common centre axis A-A between the two end faces for different rotational positions Xi, X2, X 3 , X 4 for selective initiation of one or more action charges.
  • the at least one action effect achieved by setting of the different rotational positions Xi, X 2 , X3, X 4 comprises smoke effect, light effect, explosive effect and a combination of smoke effect and light effect .
  • initiation device implies fewer components compared with if a plurality of initiation devices are used. This, in turn, reduces the complexity and cost of the action device.
  • a large number of rotational positions implies many possible action effects.
  • Separate storage of fuel and oxidizing agent up to initiation implies safe handling during destruction and/or recovery by eliminating the risk of accidental initiation. Handling in connection with loading, storage and transport is simplified, as well as in the recovery and/or destruction of spent action devices.
  • fuel and oxidizing agent are separate obviates the need for these to be separated. Separate storage of the fuel and oxidizing agent implies that propagation of uninitiated action charges is prevented. Only once fuel and oxidizer are mixed, i.e. when the shell is fired from a gun barrel and the initiation device has been activated, does the action device present a risk.
  • Fig. 1 shows a longitudinal section of an action device disposed in a shell
  • Fig. 2 shows a partial enlargement of an action charge according to the action device in Figure 1
  • Fig. 3 shows two circular segments: one of the cylindrical container and one of the tubular container in Figure 2, the hole configuration for the gas discharge holes in the cylindrical container and the configuration for the gas intake holes in the tubular container being evident in respect of different rotational positions Xi, X 2 , X 3 , X 4 of the cylindrical container .
  • the action device 1 is disposed in a shell 2, between the nose portion of the shell 2 and the rear portion of the shell 2.
  • the action device 1 comprises three action charges 3, 4, 5 designed for three different action effects: a front action charge 3 comprising a fuel 17, an oxidizing agent 18 and an additive for achievement of a smoke effect, an intermediate action charge 4 comprising a fuel 17, an oxidizing agent 18 and an additive for achievement of a light effect, and a rear action charge 5 comprising a fuel 17, an oxidizing agent 18 and an additive for achievement of an explosive effect.
  • the action charges 3, 4, 5 are arranged one behind the other along the longitudinal axis A-A of the shell 2, the front action part 5 being disposed closest to the nose portion of the shell.
  • the three action charges 3, 4, 5 are disposed in the shell 2 in the space which is delimited by a tubular container 6 disposed in the shell 2, along the centre axis A-A of the shell, the outer case of the shell 2, and two end faces 8, 9, a front 8 and a rear end face 9.
  • the action charges 3, 4, 5 are separated with intervening barriers 11 to prevent flashover ignition.
  • the tubular container 6 is fixedly mounted on the two end faces 8, 9.
  • the intervening barriers 11 are mounted between the tubular container 6 and the outer case of the shell 2.
  • the shape and size of the action charges 3, 4, 5 are chosen such that an air gap is formed between the action charges 3, 4, 5 and the tubular container 6, so as thereby to enable a flow of gas in the axial direction over the action charges 3, 4, 5.
  • the action device 1 comprises a container 7, preferably cylindrical, arranged axially around the tubular container 6. In the cylindrical container 7 there is disposed an initiation device 10 between the two end faces 8, 9.
  • the cylindrical container 7 is arranged rotatably into different rotational positions X about the common centre axis A-A.
  • the rotary member 12 can be designed for manual rotation, prior to firing, but can also be designed for remote-controlled rotation by virtue of the rotary member 12 comprising an electrical unit coupled to a control and monitoring unit disposed in the shell 2, also referred to as a CPU (Control Process Unit) .
  • a CPU Control Process Unit
  • the rotary member 12 In response to a signal from the CPU of the shell, during travel of the shell 2 towards a target, the rotary member 12 is activated, whereupon the cylindrical container 7 is rotated into a rotational position X corresponding to an action effect with regard to a combat situation.
  • the rotary member 12 can be pre-programmed for rotation into a set rotational position X after a predetermined time.
  • the rotary member 12 can be arranged such that rotation of the cylindrical container 12 is possible only after the shell has been fired.
  • the basic position can be such that the rotary member 12, after firing, assumes a rotational position X for an explosive effect.
  • the CPU of the shell 2 can subsequently deliver a signal for rotation of the rotary member 12, clockwise or anti-clockwise, corresponding to a smoke and light effect.
  • certain predetermined rotation angles can be used, the rotation angles corresponding to specific action effects.
  • the rotation can also be realized electromagnetically with the aid of an electromagnetic device, for example a solenoid, or an electric step motor, or mechanically with a mechanically pretensioned device, for example a biased spring, or with some other rotary device.
  • the cylindrical container 12 comprises a plurality of gas discharge holes 14 distributed over the envelope surface of the cylindrical container 12, according to a set pattern.
  • the tubular container 6 comprises a plurality of gas intake holes 15 arranged according to a set pattern.
  • the tubular container 6 is arranged in contact with the cylindrical container 7, side against side, to prevent leakage between the containers 12, 6.
  • Figure 3 shows two circular segments: one showing the hole configuration 14 of the cylindrical container 7 and one showing the hole configuration 15 of the tubular container 6.
  • the gas discharge holes 14 and the gas intake holes 15 are arranged such that a rotation of the cylindrical container 7 into a rotational position Xi implies that only gas intake holes 15 of the kind corresponding to the position for the action charge 3 are overlapped. Other gas intake holes 15 are not overlapped, in which case the transfer of gas to the action charges 3 and 4 is prevented.
  • the rotational position X 2 all gas discharge holes 14 corresponding to the action charges 3 and 5 are blocked.
  • all gas discharge holes 14 corresponding to the action charges 3 and 4 are blocked and, in the rotational position X 4 , all gas discharge holes 14 corresponding to action charge 5 are blocked.
  • the gas discharge holes 14 and the gas intake holes 15 are preferably round, but can also have a different shape, for example oval. It has also proved advantageous for the gas intake holes 15 to have a cross-sectional area which is greater than the cross-sectional area of the gas discharge holes 14. This ensures a good passage of gas, even if the overlap is not exact.
  • the initiation device 10 comprises a pyrotechnic composition 16, configured as a strand between the end faces 8, 9, the pyrotechnic strand 16 being connected to an electrical ignition device on one of the end faces 8, 9, not shown.
  • a gradual combustion of the pyrotechnic strand 16 takes place along its surface, whereupon hot combustion gases flow radially out from the strand 16 towards the cylindrical container 7.
  • the initiation device 10 can comprise one or more lasers axially arranged inside the cylindrical container 12, directed towards the gas discharge holes 14.
  • gas-tight openable seals arranged over the gas intake holes 15, preferably in the form of plastics films or bursting plates, to prevent influence from ambient air and moisture.
  • the gas intake holes 15 are initially closed and are only opened in response to the exceeding of a predetermined pressure increase, which pressure increase is caused by flowing gas.
  • the action device 1 in the figure comprises three different action charges 3, 4, 5, configured such that the following action effects are possible: initiation of the action charge 3 for generation of a smoke effect, initiation of the action charge 4 for generation of a light effect, initiation of the action charge 5 for generation of an explosive effect, initiation of the action charges 3 and 4 for generation of a smoke and light effect, initiation of the action charges 3 and 5 for generation of a smoke and explosive effect, and initiation of the action charges 4 and 5 for generation of a light and explosive effect.
  • By increasing the number of action charges it is possible to increase the number of action effects.
  • the fuel bodies 17 of the action charges 3, 4, 5 are preferably constituted by a coherent porous structure, comprising aluminium, silicon, carbon, vanadium, beryllium, magnesium, zinc, iron, or mixtures thereof.
  • the porous fuel bodies in the action charges 3, 4, 5 are configured for fastest possible absorption of an oxidizing agent 16, preferably by the fuel bodies 17 being arranged in the form of thin discs at a set distance apart, so as thus to increase the contact area between fuel 17 and oxidizing agent 18.
  • the porous fuel bodies have a porosity lying, preferably, within the range 60-95% by volume.
  • the fuel structure 17 of the action charge 3, 4, 5 comprises phosphorous-treated nanoporous zinc.
  • the fuel structure 17 comprises nanoporous magnesium.
  • a flash effect can be achieved with nanoporous magnesium.
  • An explosive effect is promoted by admixtures of nanoporous aluminium.
  • the fuel bodies 17 can comprise a fine- grained powder instead of a porous coherent structure, which fine-grained powder can comprise, for example, silicon, carbon or vanadium, beryllium, magnesium, iron, or mixtures thereof.
  • the fuel powder 17 is compacted into powder bodies 17 having a high porosity and a structure which, upon contact with a gaseous or liquid oxidizing agent 18, can be initiated.
  • the coherent highly porous fuel structure is coated with an additive to facilitate the initiation of the fuel/oxidizer mixture.
  • the additive can comprise, for example, a fine-grained zirconium powder mixed with primer, for example picric acid, the primer/zirconium mixture being fed to the pore structure of the fuel body 17.
  • the highly porous fuel structure is coated with a pyrophorous substance which, upon contact with an. oxidizing agent 18, leads to spontaneous combustion.
  • oxidizing agent 18 is stored separate from the fuel 17 up to initiation of the action charge 3, 4, 5.
  • the oxidizing agent 18 is stored in the cylindrical container 7, in the space 13 between the initiation device 10 and the inner limit face of the cylindrical container 7.
  • the oxidizing agent 18 is expediently contained in a gas 18, which gas 18 is pressurized, so that the gas 18, in the event of an overlap, allows the oxidizing agent 18 to be transferred from the cylindrical container 7 to the action charge 3, 4, 5.
  • the cylindrical container 7 is configured such that it withstands lengthy storage of corrosive oxidizing agent under increased pressure. Examples of suitable materials include stainless steel, but other materials too can be used, for example ceramics and plastics.
  • the oxidizing agent 18 is preferably constituted by a gaseous or liquid substance, for example oxygen, nitrous oxide, nitric acid, hydrogen peroxide, or a mixture of liquid oxygen and liquid fluorine (FLOX) , or a dinitramide salt dissolved in a solvent.
  • a gaseous or liquid substance for example oxygen, nitrous oxide, nitric acid, hydrogen peroxide, or a mixture of liquid oxygen and liquid fluorine (FLOX) , or a dinitramide salt dissolved in a solvent.
  • the action charges 3, 4, 5 are advantageous for the action charges 3, 4, 5 to be encapsulated with thin gas-tight and liquid-tight layers, for example plastics films.
  • the action charge 3, 4, 5 is initiated by activation of the initiation device 10.
  • the initiation device 10 is preferably initiated after a set time delay to ensure absorption of all the oxidizing agent 18.
  • the time delay can be pre-programmed, for example by coupling of the initiation device 10 to a time relay or to a pyrotechnic delay composition.
  • the initiation device 10 can be coupled to an activation sensor controlled by the CPU of the projectile.
  • the speed with which the oxidizing agent 18 is absorbed in the porous fuel bodies 17 is in the first place determined by the gas pressure in the cylindrical container 7, the porosity of the fuel bodies 17, the mobility of the oxidizing agent 18, and the number and size of the gas discharge and gas intake holes 15, 16.
  • the action device according to the invention is especially intended for incorporation in a shell or projectile intended for firing from a gun barrel, the choice of action effect, for example smoke, light or explosive effect or combinations thereof, being manually set with the aid of a rotary member.
  • the rotary member can be pre-programmed with the aid of a programming unit, or else the rotary- member 12 can be activated during travel of the shell towards a target.
  • the action device can also be incorporated in robots, missiles, in different types of mines, or in devices for civilian use in which different action effects are sought, for example in firework devices or in explosive devices.

Abstract

The invention relates to an action device (1), especially intended for incorporation in a shell (2), for the achievement of at least one action effect, such as smoke effect, light effect, explosive effect or combinations thereof, the action device (1) comprising at least two action charges (3, 4, 5), arranged one behind the other along a common centre axis A-A between two end faces (8, 9) disposed in the shell (2), and the action device (1) also comprising an initiation device (10). The action device is characterized in that the initiation device (10) is fixedly disposed in a container (7), which container (7) is arranged coaxially and rotatably between the two end faces (8, 9) about the common centre axis A-A into different rotational positions X1, X2, X 3, X4 for selective initiation of one or more action charges (3, 4, 5).

Description

ACTION DEVICE FOR DIFFERENT ACTION EFFECTS AND PROCESS
FOR THE SAME
The present invention relates to an action device, especially intended for incorporation in a shell, for different action effects, for example smoke effect, light effect, explosive effect or combinations thereof, the action device comprising at least two action charges, arranged one behind the other along a common centre axis A-A between two end faces disposed in the shell, the action device also comprising an initiation device .
Action devices for the achievement of different action effects are normally arranged with a plurality of action charges for different action effects. Typically, at least one initiation device is provided for each action charge, the action device being arranged such that the action charges can be initiated simultaneously or individually, in sequence or with different delays, depending on the action effect to be achieved.
US 4 658 727 discloses an action device comprising a plurality of action charges, in which each of the action charges comprises at least one initiation device. The initiation devices are coupled to a control and monitoring unit for controlling which action devices are to be initiated with regard to a combat target. The arrangement in US 4 658 727 comprising a plurality of initiation devices implies a number of drawbacks, for example the risk of malfunction and accidental initiation is high. Malfunction can lead to failed initiation and propagation of undetonated action charges. A plurality of initiation devices also implies a complex arrangement with high cost.
Aim of the invention and its distinguishing features A main object of the present invention is an action device and a process for the action device, intended for a shell, comprising at least two action charges, axially arranged one behind the other in an action casing in which the action parts are designed for different action effects, the risk of accidental initiation or malfunction having been minimized.
A further object of the. present invention is a less complex arrangement having few constituent components, low weight and low cost. The said objects, and other aims not listed here, are satisfactorily met within the scope of that which is stated in the present independent patent claims .
Thus, according to the present invention, an action device has been provided, especially intended for incorporation in a shell, for the achievement of at least one action effect, such as smoke effect, light effect, explosive effect or combinations thereof, the risk of accidental initiation and malfunction being small, in which the number of constituent components is few, in which the weight is low and in which the cost is small.
The action device according to the invention comprises at least two action charges, arranged one behind the other along a common centre axis A-A between two end faces disposed in the shell, and the action device comprises an initiation device.
The invention is characterized in that the initiation device is fixedly disposed in a container, which container is arranged coaxially and rotatably between the two end faces about the common centre axis A-A into different rotational positions Xi, X2, X3r X4, for selective initiation of one or more action charges. According to further aspects of an action device according to the invention:
the action device also comprises a tubular container arranged coaxially about the container between the two end faces, the action charges being disposed on the outer side of the tubular container and separated with intervening barriers to prevent flashover ignition between the action charges, and gas discharge holes are disposed on the container and gas intake holes are disposed on the tubular container, which gas discharge holes and which gas intake holes are arranged such that they overlap one another when the container is rotated into set positions Xi, X2, X3, X4, corresponding to the position for one or more action charges,
- the initiation device comprises a pyrotechnic composition configured as a pyrotechnic strand axially disposed in the container between the two end faces, and the pyrotechnic strand can be selectively initiated between the end faces,
- the initiation device comprises one or more laser fuses,
the action charge comprises a fuel, an oxidizing agent and additive for generating different action effects,
the action charge comprises a coherent porous fuel structure,
- the oxidizing agent is stored separate from the fuel up to initiation of the action charge,
the oxidizing agent is stored in the container, the container being pressurized for transfer of the oxidizing agent to the porous fuel structure when the gas discharge holes and the gas intake holes overlap one another,
- the gas intake holes in the tubular container are larger than the gas discharge holes in the container for rapid transfer of gas to fuel,
a rotary member is disposed on the container for rotating the container into different rotational positions Xi, X2, X3, X4,
the rotary member comprises an electrical unit coupled to a central control and monitoring unit for remote-controlled rotation,
the additive comprises phosphorous-treated nanoporous zinc for achievement of a smoke effect,
- the additive comprises nanoporous magnesium for achievement of a light effect,
the porous fuel structure comprises picric acid for increased reactivity between the fuel and the oxidizing agent.
Thus, according to the present invention, there has also been provided a process for an action device, especially intended for incorporation in a shell, for the achievement of at least one action effect, which action device comprises at least two action charges, arranged one behind the other along a common centre axis A-A between two end walls disposed in the action device, and the action device also comprises an initiation device.
The process is characterized in that the initiation device is disposed in a container, which container is arranged coaxially and rotatably about the common centre axis A-A between the two end faces for different rotational positions Xi, X2, X3, X4 for selective initiation of one or more action charges.
According to further aspects of the process according to the invention:
the at least one action effect achieved by setting of the different rotational positions Xi, X2, X3, X4 comprises smoke effect, light effect, explosive effect and a combination of smoke effect and light effect .
Advantages and effects of the invention The invention implies a number of advantages and effects .
The use of just one initiation device implies fewer components compared with if a plurality of initiation devices are used. This, in turn, reduces the complexity and cost of the action device. A large number of rotational positions implies many possible action effects. Separate storage of fuel and oxidizing agent up to initiation implies safe handling during destruction and/or recovery by eliminating the risk of accidental initiation. Handling in connection with loading, storage and transport is simplified, as well as in the recovery and/or destruction of spent action devices. The fact that fuel and oxidizing agent are separate obviates the need for these to be separated. Separate storage of the fuel and oxidizing agent implies that propagation of uninitiated action charges is prevented. Only once fuel and oxidizer are mixed, i.e. when the shell is fired from a gun barrel and the initiation device has been activated, does the action device present a risk.
Further advantages and effects according to the invention will emerge from a study and consideration of the following detailed description of the invention, including a number of its most advantageous embodiments, patent claims and the appended drawing figures, in which:
Fig. 1 shows a longitudinal section of an action device disposed in a shell,
Fig. 2 shows a partial enlargement of an action charge according to the action device in Figure 1,
Fig. 3 shows two circular segments: one of the cylindrical container and one of the tubular container in Figure 2, the hole configuration for the gas discharge holes in the cylindrical container and the configuration for the gas intake holes in the tubular container being evident in respect of different rotational positions Xi, X2, X3, X4 of the cylindrical container .
Detailed description
The action device 1 according to Figures 1 and 2 is disposed in a shell 2, between the nose portion of the shell 2 and the rear portion of the shell 2. The action device 1 comprises three action charges 3, 4, 5 designed for three different action effects: a front action charge 3 comprising a fuel 17, an oxidizing agent 18 and an additive for achievement of a smoke effect, an intermediate action charge 4 comprising a fuel 17, an oxidizing agent 18 and an additive for achievement of a light effect, and a rear action charge 5 comprising a fuel 17, an oxidizing agent 18 and an additive for achievement of an explosive effect. The action charges 3, 4, 5 are arranged one behind the other along the longitudinal axis A-A of the shell 2, the front action part 5 being disposed closest to the nose portion of the shell. The three action charges 3, 4, 5 are disposed in the shell 2 in the space which is delimited by a tubular container 6 disposed in the shell 2, along the centre axis A-A of the shell, the outer case of the shell 2, and two end faces 8, 9, a front 8 and a rear end face 9.
The action charges 3, 4, 5 are separated with intervening barriers 11 to prevent flashover ignition. The tubular container 6 is fixedly mounted on the two end faces 8, 9. The intervening barriers 11 are mounted between the tubular container 6 and the outer case of the shell 2. The shape and size of the action charges 3, 4, 5 are chosen such that an air gap is formed between the action charges 3, 4, 5 and the tubular container 6, so as thereby to enable a flow of gas in the axial direction over the action charges 3, 4, 5. The action device 1 comprises a container 7, preferably cylindrical, arranged axially around the tubular container 6. In the cylindrical container 7 there is disposed an initiation device 10 between the two end faces 8, 9. The cylindrical container 7 is arranged rotatably into different rotational positions X about the common centre axis A-A. On the cylindrical container 7 there is arranged a rotary member 12 for rotation of the cylindrical container 7 into the said positions X. The rotary member 12 can be designed for manual rotation, prior to firing, but can also be designed for remote-controlled rotation by virtue of the rotary member 12 comprising an electrical unit coupled to a control and monitoring unit disposed in the shell 2, also referred to as a CPU (Control Process Unit) .
In response to a signal from the CPU of the shell, during travel of the shell 2 towards a target, the rotary member 12 is activated, whereupon the cylindrical container 7 is rotated into a rotational position X corresponding to an action effect with regard to a combat situation. Alternatively, the rotary member 12 can be pre-programmed for rotation into a set rotational position X after a predetermined time. The rotary member 12 can be arranged such that rotation of the cylindrical container 12 is possible only after the shell has been fired. The basic position can be such that the rotary member 12, after firing, assumes a rotational position X for an explosive effect. From the explosive effect position, the CPU of the shell 2 can subsequently deliver a signal for rotation of the rotary member 12, clockwise or anti-clockwise, corresponding to a smoke and light effect. Alternatively, certain predetermined rotation angles can be used, the rotation angles corresponding to specific action effects. The rotation can also be realized electromagnetically with the aid of an electromagnetic device, for example a solenoid, or an electric step motor, or mechanically with a mechanically pretensioned device, for example a biased spring, or with some other rotary device.
The cylindrical container 12 comprises a plurality of gas discharge holes 14 distributed over the envelope surface of the cylindrical container 12, according to a set pattern. In the same way, the tubular container 6 comprises a plurality of gas intake holes 15 arranged according to a set pattern. The tubular container 6 is arranged in contact with the cylindrical container 7, side against side, to prevent leakage between the containers 12, 6.
Figure 3 shows two circular segments: one showing the hole configuration 14 of the cylindrical container 7 and one showing the hole configuration 15 of the tubular container 6. The gas discharge holes 14 and the gas intake holes 15 are arranged such that a rotation of the cylindrical container 7 into a rotational position Xi implies that only gas intake holes 15 of the kind corresponding to the position for the action charge 3 are overlapped. Other gas intake holes 15 are not overlapped, in which case the transfer of gas to the action charges 3 and 4 is prevented. In the rotational position X2, all gas discharge holes 14 corresponding to the action charges 3 and 5 are blocked. In the rotational position X3, all gas discharge holes 14 corresponding to the action charges 3 and 4 are blocked and, in the rotational position X4, all gas discharge holes 14 corresponding to action charge 5 are blocked. The gas discharge holes 14 and the gas intake holes 15 are preferably round, but can also have a different shape, for example oval. It has also proved advantageous for the gas intake holes 15 to have a cross-sectional area which is greater than the cross-sectional area of the gas discharge holes 14. This ensures a good passage of gas, even if the overlap is not exact.
The initiation device 10 comprises a pyrotechnic composition 16, configured as a strand between the end faces 8, 9, the pyrotechnic strand 16 being connected to an electrical ignition device on one of the end faces 8, 9, not shown. Upon activation of the initiation device 10, a gradual combustion of the pyrotechnic strand 16 takes place along its surface, whereupon hot combustion gases flow radially out from the strand 16 towards the cylindrical container 7.
In an alternative embodiment, the initiation device 10 can comprise one or more lasers axially arranged inside the cylindrical container 12, directed towards the gas discharge holes 14.
For certain fuel and oxidizer compositions, it has proved particularly favourable to have gas-tight openable seals arranged over the gas intake holes 15, preferably in the form of plastics films or bursting plates, to prevent influence from ambient air and moisture. In a special embodiment, not shown, the gas intake holes 15 are initially closed and are only opened in response to the exceeding of a predetermined pressure increase, which pressure increase is caused by flowing gas. By rotating the cylindrical container 7 into one of the rotational positions Xi, X2, X3, X4, it is thus possible to selectively choose which of the action charges 3, 4, 5 is/are to be activated.
The action device 1 in the figure comprises three different action charges 3, 4, 5, configured such that the following action effects are possible: initiation of the action charge 3 for generation of a smoke effect, initiation of the action charge 4 for generation of a light effect, initiation of the action charge 5 for generation of an explosive effect, initiation of the action charges 3 and 4 for generation of a smoke and light effect, initiation of the action charges 3 and 5 for generation of a smoke and explosive effect, and initiation of the action charges 4 and 5 for generation of a light and explosive effect. By increasing the number of action charges, it is possible to increase the number of action effects.
The fuel bodies 17 of the action charges 3, 4, 5 are preferably constituted by a coherent porous structure, comprising aluminium, silicon, carbon, vanadium, beryllium, magnesium, zinc, iron, or mixtures thereof. The porous fuel bodies in the action charges 3, 4, 5 are configured for fastest possible absorption of an oxidizing agent 16, preferably by the fuel bodies 17 being arranged in the form of thin discs at a set distance apart, so as thus to increase the contact area between fuel 17 and oxidizing agent 18. The porous fuel bodies have a porosity lying, preferably, within the range 60-95% by volume.
Depending on the desired action effect, different admixtures in the action charges 3, 4, 5 are required. For the achievement of a smoke effect, it has proved advantageous if the fuel structure 17 of the action charge 3, 4, 5 comprises phosphorous-treated nanoporous zinc. For the achievement of a light effect, it is advantageous if the fuel structure 17 comprises nanoporous magnesium. A flash effect can be achieved with nanoporous magnesium. An explosive effect is promoted by admixtures of nanoporous aluminium. Different techniques for the achievement of different action effects are however described in the literature, so that these are not further touched upon here.
Alternatively, the fuel bodies 17 can comprise a fine- grained powder instead of a porous coherent structure, which fine-grained powder can comprise, for example, silicon, carbon or vanadium, beryllium, magnesium, iron, or mixtures thereof. The fuel powder 17 is compacted into powder bodies 17 having a high porosity and a structure which, upon contact with a gaseous or liquid oxidizing agent 18, can be initiated.
In a special embodiment, the coherent highly porous fuel structure is coated with an additive to facilitate the initiation of the fuel/oxidizer mixture. The additive can comprise, for example, a fine-grained zirconium powder mixed with primer, for example picric acid, the primer/zirconium mixture being fed to the pore structure of the fuel body 17. In a second special embodiment, the highly porous fuel structure is coated with a pyrophorous substance which, upon contact with an. oxidizing agent 18, leads to spontaneous combustion.
In a further special embodiment, oxidizing agent 18 is stored separate from the fuel 17 up to initiation of the action charge 3, 4, 5. The oxidizing agent 18 is stored in the cylindrical container 7, in the space 13 between the initiation device 10 and the inner limit face of the cylindrical container 7. The oxidizing agent 18 is expediently contained in a gas 18, which gas 18 is pressurized, so that the gas 18, in the event of an overlap, allows the oxidizing agent 18 to be transferred from the cylindrical container 7 to the action charge 3, 4, 5. The cylindrical container 7 is configured such that it withstands lengthy storage of corrosive oxidizing agent under increased pressure. Examples of suitable materials include stainless steel, but other materials too can be used, for example ceramics and plastics. The oxidizing agent 18 is preferably constituted by a gaseous or liquid substance, for example oxygen, nitrous oxide, nitric acid, hydrogen peroxide, or a mixture of liquid oxygen and liquid fluorine (FLOX) , or a dinitramide salt dissolved in a solvent.
In order to prevent degradation of the action charges 3, 4, 5 as an effect of lengthy storage, it is advantageous for the action charges 3, 4, 5 to be encapsulated with thin gas-tight and liquid-tight layers, for example plastics films.
After the rotary member 12 has been activated and the oxidizing agent 18 has been absorbed in the porous fuel bodies 17, the action charge 3, 4, 5 is initiated by activation of the initiation device 10. The initiation device 10 is preferably initiated after a set time delay to ensure absorption of all the oxidizing agent 18. The time delay can be pre-programmed, for example by coupling of the initiation device 10 to a time relay or to a pyrotechnic delay composition. Alternatively, the initiation device 10 can be coupled to an activation sensor controlled by the CPU of the projectile. The speed with which the oxidizing agent 18 is absorbed in the porous fuel bodies 17 is in the first place determined by the gas pressure in the cylindrical container 7, the porosity of the fuel bodies 17, the mobility of the oxidizing agent 18, and the number and size of the gas discharge and gas intake holes 15, 16.
Alternative possibilities for use of the action device The action device according to the invention is especially intended for incorporation in a shell or projectile intended for firing from a gun barrel, the choice of action effect, for example smoke, light or explosive effect or combinations thereof, being manually set with the aid of a rotary member. Alternatively, the rotary member can be pre-programmed with the aid of a programming unit, or else the rotary- member 12 can be activated during travel of the shell towards a target. The action device can also be incorporated in robots, missiles, in different types of mines, or in devices for civilian use in which different action effects are sought, for example in firework devices or in explosive devices.

Claims

Patent claims
1. Action device (1), especially intended for incorporation in a shell (2), for the achievement of at least one action effect, such as smoke effect, light effect, explosive effect or combinations thereof, the action device (1) comprising at least two action charges (3, 4, 5), arranged one behind the other along a common centre axis A-A between two end faces (8, 9) disposed in the shell (2), and the action device (1) also comprising an initiation device (10), characterized in that the initiation device (10) is fixedly disposed in a container (7), which container (7) is arranged coaxially and rotatably between the two end faces (8, 9) about the common centre axis A-A into different rotational positions Xi, X2, X3, X4 for selective initiation of one or more action charges (3, 4, 5) .
2. Action device (1) according to Claim 1, characterized in that the action device also comprises a tubular container (6) arranged coaxially about the container (7) between the two end faces (8, 9), the action charges (3, 4, 5) being disposed on the outer side of the tubular container (6) and separated with intervening barriers (11) to prevent flashover ignition between the action charges (3, 4, 5), and in that gas discharge holes (14) are disposed on the container (7) and gas intake holes (15) are disposed on the tubular container (6), which gas discharge holes (14) and which gas intake holes (15) are arranged such that they overlap one another when the container (7) is rotated into set positions Xi, X2, X3, X4, corresponding to the position for one or more action charges (3, 4, 5) .
3. Action device (1) according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the initiation device (10) comprises a pyrotechnic composition configured as a pyrotechnic strand axially disposed in the container (7) between the two end faces (8, 9), and in that the pyrotechnic strand can be selectively initiated between the end faces (8, 9) .
4. Action device (1) according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the initiation device (10) comprises one or more laser fuses.
5. Action device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the action charges (3, 4, 5) comprise a fuel (17), an oxidizing agent (18) and an additive for generating different action effects.
6. Action device (1) according to Claim 5, characterized in that the fuel (17) comprises a coherent porous fuel structure.
7. Action device (1) according to Claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the oxidizing agent (18) is stored separate from the fuel (17) up to initiation of the action charge (3, 4, 5) .
8. Action device (1) according to Claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the oxidizing agent (18) is stored in the container (7), the container (7) being pressurized for transfer of the oxidizing agent (18) to the porous fuel structure (17) when the gas discharge holes (14) are overlapping.
9. Action device (1) according to Claim 2, characterized in that the gas intake holes (15) are larger than the gas discharge holes (14) for rapid transfer of gas to fuel (17) .
10. Action device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a rotary member
(12) is disposed on the container (7) for rotating the container (7) into different rotational positions Xi,
11. Action device (1) according to Claim 10, characterized in that the rotary member (12) comprises an electrical unit coupled to a central control and monitoring unit for remote-controlled rotation of the cylindrical container (7) .
12. Action device (1) according to Claim 5, characterized in that the additive comprises phosphorous-treated nanoporous zinc for achievement of a smoke effect.
13. Action device (1) according to Claim 5, characterized in that the additive comprises nanoporous magnesium for achievement of a light effect.
14. Action device (1) according to Claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the porous fuel structure (17) comprises picric acid for increased reactivity between the fuel (17) and the oxidizing agent (18) .
15. Process for an action device (1), especially intended for incorporation in a shell (2) , for the achievement of at least one action effect, which action device (1) comprises at least two action charges (3, 4, 5) , arranged one behind the other along a common centre axis A-A between two end walls (8, 9) disposed in the action device, and in that the action device (1) comprises an initiation device (10), characterized in that the initiation device (10) is disposed in a container (7), in that the container (7) is arranged coaxially and rotatably about the common centre axis A- A between the two end faces (8, 9), in that different rotational positions Xi, X2, X3, X4 for selective initiation of one or more action charges (3, 4, 5) are set for achievement of the said action effect.
16. Process for an action device (1) according to Claim 15, characterized in that the at least one action effect achieved by setting of the different rotational positions Xi, X2, X3, X4 comprise (s) smoke effect, light effect, explosive effect and a combination of smoke effect and light effect.
PCT/SE2009/000412 2008-10-14 2009-09-17 Action device for different action effects and process for the same WO2010044716A1 (en)

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