WO2010044682A1 - Traitement du lait - Google Patents

Traitement du lait Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010044682A1
WO2010044682A1 PCT/NZ2009/000221 NZ2009000221W WO2010044682A1 WO 2010044682 A1 WO2010044682 A1 WO 2010044682A1 NZ 2009000221 W NZ2009000221 W NZ 2009000221W WO 2010044682 A1 WO2010044682 A1 WO 2010044682A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
milk
flow
protein fraction
assembly
membrane assembly
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/NZ2009/000221
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Peter Walker
Original Assignee
Ingredient Solutions Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ingredient Solutions Limited filed Critical Ingredient Solutions Limited
Publication of WO2010044682A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010044682A1/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01J—MANUFACTURE OF DAIRY PRODUCTS
    • A01J11/00—Apparatus for treating milk
    • A01J11/06—Strainers or filters for milk
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23C—DAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING THEREOF
    • A23C9/00—Milk preparations; Milk powder or milk powder preparations
    • A23C9/14—Milk preparations; Milk powder or milk powder preparations in which the chemical composition of the milk is modified by non-chemical treatment
    • A23C9/142—Milk preparations; Milk powder or milk powder preparations in which the chemical composition of the milk is modified by non-chemical treatment by dialysis, reverse osmosis or ultrafiltration
    • A23C9/1422—Milk preparations; Milk powder or milk powder preparations in which the chemical composition of the milk is modified by non-chemical treatment by dialysis, reverse osmosis or ultrafiltration by ultrafiltration, microfiltration or diafiltration of milk, e.g. for separating protein and lactose; Treatment of the UF permeate
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23C—DAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING THEREOF
    • A23C9/00—Milk preparations; Milk powder or milk powder preparations
    • A23C9/14—Milk preparations; Milk powder or milk powder preparations in which the chemical composition of the milk is modified by non-chemical treatment
    • A23C9/142—Milk preparations; Milk powder or milk powder preparations in which the chemical composition of the milk is modified by non-chemical treatment by dialysis, reverse osmosis or ultrafiltration
    • A23C9/1425—Milk preparations; Milk powder or milk powder preparations in which the chemical composition of the milk is modified by non-chemical treatment by dialysis, reverse osmosis or ultrafiltration by ultrafiltration, microfiltration or diafiltration of whey, e.g. treatment of the UF permeate
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23J—PROTEIN COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS; WORKING-UP PROTEINS FOR FOODSTUFFS; PHOSPHATIDE COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS
    • A23J1/00—Obtaining protein compositions for foodstuffs; Bulk opening of eggs and separation of yolks from whites
    • A23J1/20—Obtaining protein compositions for foodstuffs; Bulk opening of eggs and separation of yolks from whites from milk, e.g. casein; from whey
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/14—Ultrafiltration; Microfiltration
    • B01D61/145—Ultrafiltration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/14—Ultrafiltration; Microfiltration
    • B01D61/147—Microfiltration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/14—Ultrafiltration; Microfiltration
    • B01D61/149—Multistep processes comprising different kinds of membrane processes selected from ultrafiltration or microfiltration
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
    • A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2317/00—Membrane module arrangements within a plant or an apparatus
    • B01D2317/02—Elements in series
    • B01D2317/022—Reject series
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2317/00—Membrane module arrangements within a plant or an apparatus
    • B01D2317/02—Elements in series
    • B01D2317/025—Permeate series

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a milk processing plant for the processing of milk and the preparation of proteinaceous fractions.
  • the invention relates to a configuration of membranes for use in a milk processing plant for the processing of milk and the preparation of proteinaceous fractions.
  • Bovine milk consists of 85 to 88% water and 12 to 15% "solids".
  • the solids fraction of milk comprises fat, minerals, lactose (milk sugar) and protein.
  • the proteins of bovine milk may be separated into two classes based on their physicochemical properties.
  • Casein proteins are relatively insoluble and exist in milk as a dispersion of casein micelles. Acidification of the milk results in the casein proteins being precipitated. Casein (paracasein) is the predominant phosphoprotein found in cheese. Casein proteins are relatively heat stable.
  • Whey proteins are a collection of globular proteins isolated from whey, a byproduct of cheese manufacture. Whey proteins have high biological activity, but are relatively heat labile. Denaturing whey protein triggers hydrophobic interactions leading to aggregation with other milk proteins.
  • the bulk processing of bovine milk for human consumption typically includes a pasteurization step.
  • Pasteurization typically uses temperatures below boiling since at temperatures above the boiling point for milk the milk proteins will irreversibly aggregate or "curdle”.
  • Pasteurization results in the microbial load of the milk being reduced by devitalization of the contaminating microorganisms. Pasteurization also results in the denaturation of at least a portion of the milk proteins, especially the whey proteins.
  • the processing of the milk is solely for the purpose of supplying milk and milk fractions for human consumption as a food, the loss of biological activity of the milk is not a significant concern.
  • the inclusion of pasteurisation or other heat treatments as a processing step is incompatible if the objective is to retain the biological activity of the milk proteins.
  • a continuous flow of milk with a certain fat content passes through a microfilter with a membrane having a pore size of 0.05 to 0.2 ⁇ m.
  • the milk is divided up into two part flows; a permeate flow and a retentate flow.
  • the retentate flow which contains fat and the major fraction of the casein, then undergoes a high temperature treatment (HTT) before being remixed with the permeate flow which contains the major fraction of the whey proteins.
  • HTT high temperature treatment
  • Bounous et al (1994) describes a process for producing an undenatured whey protein concentrate involving microfiltration of skim raw milk to provide bacterial reduction followed by microfiltration to separate the casein and ultrafiltration to give a whey protein concentrate having a serum albumin content of about 10% or more.
  • MF microfiltration
  • UF ultrafiltration
  • the purified components of milk may be of high value it is economically advantageous if the combination of concentration and fractionation steps also permits the production of milk products suitable for human consumption as food or drink.
  • a milk processing plant that includes:
  • a microfiltration membrane assembly having a retentate side and a permeate side
  • a second ultrafiltration membrane assembly having a retentate side and a permeate side; wherein the membrane assemblies are configured so that the retentate side of the microfiltration membrane assembly is in fluid communication with the retentate side of the first ultrafiltration membrane assembly, and the permeate side of the microfiltration membrane assembly and the permeate side of the first ultrafiltration membrane assembly are both in fluid communication with the retentate side of the second ultrafiltration membrane assembly.
  • the milk processing plant provides the separation of a casein protein fraction and a whey protein fraction of a flow of milk. In other embodiments, the milk processing plant provides the separation of a casein protein fraction and a whey protein fraction of the flow of milk without heat treatment of the flow of milk.
  • a method of processing milk includes the steps of:
  • the method provides the separation of a casein protein fraction and a whey protein fraction of the flow of milk. In other embodiments, the method provides the separation of a casein protein fraction and a whey protein fraction of the flow of milk without heat treatment of the flow of milk.
  • Diafiltration means the process of diluting a concentrate and reapplying the diluted concentrate to a membrane.
  • Flow of milk means a flow of milk including a flow of skim milk.
  • Fluid communication means a fluid may pass from a side of a first membrane assembly to a side of a second membrane assembly without passing through a membrane.
  • High temperature treatment means a process of applying a high temperature (130 to 150 0 C) for a short period of time (2 to 6 seconds).
  • Membrane means a permeable (porous) filter used to separate the components of solutions and suspensions based at least partly on their molecular size.
  • Membrane assembly means a membrane, housing and associated means for delivery of fluid (e.g. pipework) to and from the retentate and permeate sides of the membrane.
  • fluid e.g. pipework
  • Microfiltration means the process of delivering a liquid to a membrane with a pore size of 0.1 to 10 ⁇ m.
  • NF Nanofiltration
  • Permeate means the liquid that passes through a membrane (may also be referred to as the "filtrate").
  • Retentate means the liquid that does not pass through a membrane (may also be referred to as the "concentrate”).
  • Reverse osmosis (RO) means the process of delivering a liquid to a membrane with a pore size of 1 to 10 A.
  • “Sealed” means fluid communication from the environment is prevented.
  • Ultrafiltration means the process of delivering a liquid to a membrane with a pore size of 30 to 1,000 A.
  • Figure 1 is a block diagram of a milk processing plant including a configuration of membrane assemblies according to the invention (broken line block).
  • Figure 2 is a block diagram of a milk processing plant including a configuration of membrane assemblies according to the invention (broken line block) and excluding the use of a separator.
  • UF ultrafiltration
  • RO reverse osmosis
  • MF microfiltration
  • NF nanofiltration
  • Bounous (1994) provides a process for producing an undenatured whey protein concentrate employing a configuration of membranes where a first microfiltration, a second microfiltration, and a ultrafiltration are performed in series.
  • the process to produce the whey protein concentrate is represented schematically in Figure 1 of the specification accompanying this application.
  • Bhaskar et al (1996) provides a number of schematics illustrating various configurations of membrane assemblies.
  • Figure 3 of Bhaskar et al. provides a schematic illustrating a configuration where the retentate and permeate from a first microfiltration membrane assembly are applied separately to a second microfiltration membrane assembly and an ultrafiltration membrane assembly, respectively.
  • a microfiltration membrane is defined as having a pore size of 0.05 to 0.5 ⁇ m, more typically 0.07 to 0.2 ⁇ m, and an ultrafiltration membrane is defined as having a molecular weight cutoff of less than 100 kDa, more typically less than 3O kDa.
  • a microfiltration membrane assembly and a first ultrafiltration membrane assembly are in a configuration that permits the combined permeates to be delivered to a second ultrafiltration assembly.
  • This configuration of microfiltration membrane assembly, first ultrafiltration membrane assembly, and second ultrafiltration membrane assembly is most advantageously adopted in a plant for the processing of a flow of milk where the objective is to prepare proteinaceous fractions that are susceptible to denaturation by heat treatment.
  • the configuration allows for the reduction of the microbial load and fractionation of the source milk whilst avoiding significant denaturation. Reduction in the microbial load is achieved by separation of the microbial contaminants.
  • whole milk is delivered from a source (1) to a separator (2).
  • the whole milk is separated by the separator (2) into a fat fraction delivered to a receiver (3) and a skim milk fraction delivered by a pump (4) as a flow (A) to a microfiltration assembly (5).
  • the microfiltration assembly (5) comprises ceramic membranes of either 0.1 or 0.2 ⁇ m porosity.
  • the first microfiltration assembly (5) provides a volume concentration factor of at least 3.0.
  • Diafiltration of the retentate and delivery (A') to the retentate side of the first ultrafiltration assembly (6) reduces the lactose content to produce a retentate (A") of about 18% solids with approximately 20% of the original skim milk feed volume added as water in diafiltration.
  • the retentate may then be evaporated and spray dried by known processes (7, 8, 9 and 10) to provide a powder anticipated to be 3.5% water, 1.9% fat, 86.0% protein, 2.1% lactose and 6.5% minerals.
  • the permeates of the microfiltration assembly (5) and first ultrafiltration assembly (6) are combined to produce a composite whey permeate (C) with a predicted composition of 94 % water, 0 % fat, 0.86 % protein, 4.3 % lactose and 0.5 % minerals.
  • the protein content is expected to be 0.015 % casein protein, 0.472 % whey protein and 0.373 % NPN.
  • the composite whey permeate (C) is applied to the second ultrafiltration assembly (11) with diafiltration to produce a retentate (C). Water is added at approximately 50% of the permeate flow (C). When dried by known processes (12, 13, 14, 15) the retentate (C) is anticipated to be 4 % water, 0.4 % fat, 2.5 % casein protein, 82.6 % whey protein, 5.2 % NPN, 4.4 % lactose and 0.9 % ash.
  • FIG. 2 a configuration for a milk processing plant that excludes the separator (2) and associated receiver (3) is presented.
  • the configuration of the micro-filtration assembly (5), first ultrafiltration assembly (6) and the second ultrafiltration assembly (11) permits the preparation of proteinaceous fractions from whole milk without the requirement for the preliminary step of preparing skim milk.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Dairy Products (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne une installation de traitement du lait comprenant (a) un ensemble membrane de microfiltration comportant un côté rétentat et un côté perméat, (b) un premier ensemble membrane d'ultrafiltration comportant un côté rétentat et un côté perméat et (c) un second ensemble membrane d'ultrafiltration comportant un côté rétentat et un côté perméat, les ensembles membranes étant conçus pour que le côté rétentat de l'ensemble de microfiltration soit en communication fluidique avec le côté rétentat du premier ensemble d'ultrafiltration et pour que le côté perméat de l'ensemble de microfiltration et le côté perméat du premier ensemble d'ultrafiltration soient tous deux en communication fluidique avec le côté rétentat du second ensemble membrane d'ultrafiltration.
PCT/NZ2009/000221 2008-10-13 2009-10-13 Traitement du lait WO2010044682A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10482608P 2008-10-13 2008-10-13
US61/104,826 2008-10-13

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2010044682A1 true WO2010044682A1 (fr) 2010-04-22

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2675281B1 (fr) 2011-02-18 2015-04-08 Valio Ltd Produit à base de lait et son procédé de préparation
WO2017003708A1 (fr) * 2015-06-29 2017-01-05 Leprino Foods Company Caséine micellaire pour succédanés de crème à café et autres produits laitiers

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NZ240725A (en) * 1990-11-30 1994-05-26 Snow Brand Milk Products Co Ltd Preparation of milk having a high alpha-lactalbumin content by ultrafiltration or cross-flow filtration treatment of heat treated milk
US6120820A (en) * 1999-02-22 2000-09-19 Land O'lakes, Inc. Method of modifying the color of a dairy material
US20070104847A1 (en) * 2005-11-09 2007-05-10 O'mahony James A Purification of beta casein from milk

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NZ240725A (en) * 1990-11-30 1994-05-26 Snow Brand Milk Products Co Ltd Preparation of milk having a high alpha-lactalbumin content by ultrafiltration or cross-flow filtration treatment of heat treated milk
US6120820A (en) * 1999-02-22 2000-09-19 Land O'lakes, Inc. Method of modifying the color of a dairy material
US20070104847A1 (en) * 2005-11-09 2007-05-10 O'mahony James A Purification of beta casein from milk

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2675281B1 (fr) 2011-02-18 2015-04-08 Valio Ltd Produit à base de lait et son procédé de préparation
US10993454B2 (en) 2011-02-18 2021-05-04 Valio Ltd. Milk-based product and a method for its preparation
WO2017003708A1 (fr) * 2015-06-29 2017-01-05 Leprino Foods Company Caséine micellaire pour succédanés de crème à café et autres produits laitiers
CN107920544A (zh) * 2015-06-29 2018-04-17 利品乐食品公司 用于咖啡奶精和其他奶制品的胶束酪蛋白

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