WO2010041249A1 - Module photovoltaïque solaire haute concentration de type « ampoule à action inversée » - Google Patents

Module photovoltaïque solaire haute concentration de type « ampoule à action inversée » Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010041249A1
WO2010041249A1 PCT/IL2009/000958 IL2009000958W WO2010041249A1 WO 2010041249 A1 WO2010041249 A1 WO 2010041249A1 IL 2009000958 W IL2009000958 W IL 2009000958W WO 2010041249 A1 WO2010041249 A1 WO 2010041249A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
reverse
dependent
photovoltaic cell
top face
photovoltaic
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IL2009/000958
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Yaron Ruziak
Original Assignee
Ziruz Nihul Ltd.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ziruz Nihul Ltd. filed Critical Ziruz Nihul Ltd.
Publication of WO2010041249A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010041249A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
    • H02S40/40—Thermal components
    • H02S40/44—Means to utilise heat energy, e.g. hybrid systems producing warm water and electricity at the same time
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/052—Cooling means directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. integrated Peltier elements for active cooling or heat sinks directly associated with the PV cells
    • H01L31/0521—Cooling means directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. integrated Peltier elements for active cooling or heat sinks directly associated with the PV cells using a gaseous or a liquid coolant, e.g. air flow ventilation, water circulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
    • H01L31/0543—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means comprising light concentrating means of the refractive type, e.g. lenses
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
    • H01L31/0547—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means comprising light concentrating means of the reflecting type, e.g. parabolic mirrors, concentrators using total internal reflection
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/60—Thermal-PV hybrids

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a solar energy converter and, more specifically, a modular, sealed photovoltaic module provided with a very highly concentrating optical system suitable for low cost mass production.
  • the design of the current invention introduces maximal integration of primary and optional secondary optics, photovoltaic receiver, heat sink, connectors and enclosure, allowing for the .lowest possible cost of. High and very high concentrated photovoltaic (HCPV & VHCPV) systems. This is accomplished through highly automated manufacturing processes, as in use in the automotive, construction, and lighting industries. This unique design solves the typical challenges of HCPV & VHCPV modules such as: oxidation, expansion & contraction of internal air, exposure to moisture, and changing optical geometry of the expanding/contracting module elements.
  • photovoltaic conversion stands out due to its direct conversion of sunlight into electricity, and its potential for long service life. Due to the relatively high cost of solar photovoltaic material and modules, as well as their often higher efficiencies at higher levels of incident radiation, a known technique for reducing costs of photovoltaic modules is to concentrate the incident sunlight by use of lenses or mirrors to concentrate a higher flux of light onto a smaller surface area of photovoltaic material.
  • HCPV & VHCPV photovoltaic elements and secondary optics may be appreciably arrested by maintaining these elements in vacuum, controlled atmospheres where oxidation & moisture is prevented, or under protective layers of e.g. epoxy.
  • protective layers involves unavoidable losses as the light enters and leaves a region of differing refractive index.
  • the accurate alignment of the concentrating optics must also be maintained over the lifetime of the device.
  • U.S. Pat. 4045-246 which provides -a solar module with a composite parabolic solar energy concentrator and a solar receiver disposed in an outlet section and cooled by means of a liquid.
  • the module is constructed as follows: the concentrator, having a reflecting surface, is contrived as a discrete assembly, the outlet cross section whereof contains a sealed chamber, with a photoreceiver disposed on the bottom thereof.
  • the liquid circulating inside the sealed chamber operates as a heat-transfer medium.
  • An inlet section of the concentrator is covered with a transparent material
  • the liquid coolant in the space in front of the solar receiver results in high losses of light passing through the layer of liquid and in the reduction of the photoreceiver efficiency.
  • Due to the use of separate pieces and possibly different materials the joints between the concentrator and the sealed chamber wherein the receiver is disposed and the liquid is circulating, and between the concentrator and the transparent material in the inlet section, do not provide for reliable long-term sealing of the concentrator reflecting surface.
  • environmental effects may degrade the unit. These environmental effects will generally include oxidation, and differences in thermal expansion coefficients which eventually lead to separation and/or cracking. The result is that the properties of the concentrator reflecting surface are impaired and the concentrator's efficiency is decreased.
  • the unit must be assembled in its entirety from discrete elements that must be glued, bolted, or otherwise attached in a non-trivial manner which will involve some investment of time and resources.
  • US Patent 4491683 discloses a low concentration solar photovoltaic module comprising a composite parabolic solar energy concentrator having an aperture angle D and contrived in the form of a sealed gas-filled bulb (see Fig. Ia).
  • the side walls of the bulb bend on a predetermined radius to a cylindrical part beside a concentrator radiation outlet surface which is coated with an inside reflecting coating.
  • a photoreceiver having a cooling system is arranged inside the cylindrical portion of the bulb with a gap separating it from the walls.
  • the cooling system disposed inside the concentrator bulb comprises a metal heat sink with air cooling ribs.
  • the invention prolongs the service life of the module, improves its dependability and efficiency, and reduces its cost.
  • Another known problem with concentrating systems is that in general there is a trade-off between the degree of concentration and the required accuracy of alignment (between the focusing system and the sun and between the focusing system and the photovoltaic element). As the concentration factor increases, the required alignment accuracy generally increases as well. Any highly-concentrating system will suffer from this problem unless appropriate measures are taken, such as the addition of secondary optics.
  • An advantage of the sealed photovoltaic element is that the alignment between focusing system and photovoltaic element is fixed within the sealed enclosure and cannot be interfered with or disturbed by the elements, cleaning operations, and the like.
  • US patent 4166917 discloses a sealed glass bulb enclosing a photovoltaic element (see Fig. Ib).
  • This bulb like that of US patent 4491683, has a curved front surface which will prove more dificult to clean than a flat surface of comparable area, and a mirror concentrating incident radiation onto a photovoltaic cell location in the focal plane, with subsequent limited maximum concentration factor.
  • US patent 4491683 refers to US patent 3923881 in connection with the shape of the side wall, which is described in US 3923881 as being '..any substantially smooth non-convex line falling within..' the area contained between a straight line and a parabola (column 3 line 66).
  • the acceptance angle is the range of angles from which inoming light will still hit the photovoltaic element.
  • the range of shapes in US 3923881 is provided to allow as large as possible an acceptance angle such that sun-tracking is unneeded or requires low precision.
  • the provision for high acceptance angle necessarily comes at the cost of lower concentration ratios. For highly concentrating systems, such sidewalls are not suitable.
  • This bulb provides very high concentration factors and, in some embodiments, a flat front face.
  • the preferred embodiment provides a connector at the base, which allows for easy attachment and removal of the bulb, and provides conductors for electrical connection and heat extraction.
  • the connector is adapted for connecting the unit to a substrate, for connecting the photovoltaic cell to an electrical load, and means for conducting heat away from the photovoltaic element.
  • a sealed housing having a top face, said top face being transparent to incident solar rays, and said top face being so formed as to direct incoming radiation onto a focal area within said sealed housing;
  • a connector adapted for reversibly connecting the bottom of said reverse bulb to a substrate mechanically, while also connecting said photovoltaic cell to an electrical load, and connecting said heat collector to a heat sink; wherein the sealed assembly prevents oxidation and corrosion of said photovoltaic cell, and wherein the degree of concentration of solar radiation may reach values of concentration in the range from 10-10000.
  • a sealed housing having a top face, said top face being transparent to incident solar rays, and having reflective side faces disposed to reflect incoming radiation onto a focal area;
  • a second reflecting element of low concentration total internal reflection such as composite parabolic concentrator as part of the sealed housing adapted to lead and homogenize incident radiation onto said photovoltaic cell.
  • Figs. IA-B is prior art showing sealed photovoltaic collectors disclosed in US patent 4166917 and US patent 4491683, respectively;
  • Figs. 2A-B illustrates the geometrical properties of a parabola
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the confocal concentrating optical system
  • Fig. 4 is an isometric view of the reverse bulb
  • Fig. 5 is an exploded view of the reverse bulb
  • Fig. 6 is prior art depicting a tracking system
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic view of the mass producible sealed reverse bulb.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic view of the reverse bulb with a secondary Newtonian reflector.
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic view of the reverse bulb with reflecting sides and the PV cell and diffusing optic at the top.
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic view of the reverse bulb with a reflecting parabolic sides and diffusing optic at the focal plane.
  • Fig. 11 is a schematic view of the reverse bulb with a spherical collecting surface.
  • Fig. 12 is a schematic view of the reverse bulb with a Fresnel mirror and the PV collector at the top.
  • Fig. 13 is a schematic view of the reverse bulb with a planar collector that directs light to the PV collector at one side.
  • Fig. 14 is a schematic view of a plurality of reverse bulbs installed at the focus of a parabolic trough.
  • the term 'concentrated' refers to ⁇ 10X concentration.
  • 'highly-concentrated' refers to ⁇ 1OOX concentration.
  • the term 'very-highly concentrated' refers to -1000X concentration.
  • the term 'Newtonian optics' refers to the light-collecting configuration of Newton's telescope wherein light is reflected from a parabolic mirror onto a secondary mirror, and from there to a receiving surface such as a detector,an eye, or a photovoltaic converter.
  • 'PV refers to a photovoltaic cell, this being an element adapted for conversion of incident radiation into electrical current.
  • the core of the present invention is to disclose and provide a photovoltaic system with the following properties:
  • a sealed enclosure has several advantages: a. Prevents exposure of the photovoltaic cell to various possibly damaging factors such as oxidation, collection of dust, rain/moisture. b. Maintains precise optical alignment between concentrating optics and photovoltaic element, which is critical in high concentration-coefficient systems. c.
  • the sealed enclosure may be filled with a working liquid such as water, which has high heat capacity. This allows the entire photovoltaic element to be surrounded by the working liquid, which allows for faster heat dissipation [mainly through convection and conduction] than would be possible otherwise [mainly through conduction/radiation].
  • the device can improve upon the sealed enclosures known (c.f. US patent 4166917 and US patent 4491683) since there will be only one interface of refractive mismatch, namely the first air-glass interface.
  • the glass-fliud interface if properly index-matched, will not cause such a loss since the amount of loss is proportional to the index mismatch:
  • the photovoltaic element will preferably extend out to this radius, since if it does not, the sunlight incoming past the edge of the photovoltaic element is lost, (see Fig. 2b). If some maximum height H is stipulated for the unit, due to practical constraints, then the radius 204 of the parabola at this height is found using Eqs. 1,2
  • the concentration factor is the ratio of the light input area to the light output area, which will in this case be
  • Fig. 3 presenting an embodiment of a sealed confocal concentrating optical system of the current invention 100, comprising a front Fresnel lens 10, a focal point 20, and a second optical element 40.
  • Sun rays pass through the lens 10, incident in a direction parallel to the optical axis 15.
  • the front lens can be a Fresnel lens as mentioned or in general a diffraction optical element providing conversion of the parallel sunlight beam into a converging beam that converges at the focal point 20.
  • a second optical element 40 is disposed confocally relative to the first optical element 10 so that the diverging light beam propagating after the focal point 20 is converted into a parallel beam.
  • the proposed photovoltaic module combines high coefficient of concentration and compactness of the device, and the second optical element allows the incoming light to be spread evenly over the receiving photovoltaic element 30. It should be noted that the use of a second optical element 40 is not strictly necessary to spread the incoming light from a point to an evenly-spread spot, for several reasons. Firstly, the top lens 10 may be constructed in such fashion that the incoming light converges to a spot instead of a point.
  • the photovoltaic element may be placed above or below the focal point, where the incoming rays will form a spot instead of a point.
  • the angular size of the sun itself will inevitably serve to spread out the focal point into a spot of a size determined by the focal length.
  • the aforesaid installation includes a base member 401 which holds a plurality of reverse bulbs 402.
  • the base member has internal channels [not seen] that contain wires to conduct electrical current, as well as means for extraction of heat from the reverse bulbs.
  • This heat extraction means may take one of several forms: either additional channels for active, forced conduction of a flowing heat-extracting medium such as oil or water, or means for passively dissipating heat directly from the base member, such as heat-sink fins or the like.
  • Heat sink fins may for example be disposed on the underside of the base member.
  • the reverse bulbs are maintained under vacuum for extending the operation life by preventing the atmosphere from acting on photovoltaic cell e.g. through oxidation.
  • the standard epoxy coating on the PV elements themselves can therefore be dispensed with, eliminating the front and back interfaces. It is within the scope of the invention to fill the reverse bulbs with any suitable gases or liquids as well, including hydrogen, noble gases, and heat-conducting liquids such as water, oil, and alcohol.
  • the parabolic, near-parabolic, spherical or aspherical surface 501 is mirrored on its inner surface, allowing light to be conducted to the diffusive element 502 which spreads the incoming light evenly upon the photovoltaic element 503.
  • the base member 505 holds the entire unit in place, as it can be locked securely into a substrate by suitable means such as holes 504 through which the unit is screwed down onto the substrate.
  • Conductors 506 are provided to conduct electricity, and in some embodiments heat as well is conducted by these or additional members.
  • independent conductors are used for electricity and heat, for example two conductors for electricity and a third and fourth for heat.
  • This third and fourth conductor could comprise hollow tubes for conducting liquid and thus transferring heat by convection, or solid rods of e.g. metal for transfer of heat by conduction.
  • the tracking system comprises a support 603, the collecting surface 601, and tracking means 602 for changing the orientation of the collecting surface with respect to the support.
  • the tracking means 602 orients the collecting surface to be normal to the Sun as the latter traverses on celestial sphere, to provide parallelism of the sunrays and optical axis of the optical system of the reverse bulbs of the system.
  • the reverse bulbs of the system for instance on a substrate as in Fig. 4, are preferably attached to a tracking system such as shown in Fig. 6.
  • the reverse bulb body 701 is made similarly to the body of a conventional light bulb.
  • the top of the reverse bulb is provided with a focusing element 705, for example a Fresnel lens impressed into the bulb glass at the time of manufacture. Formation of the Fresnel lens can be performed while the glass of the bulb is in a molten or otherwise malleable state, and eliminates a need for attachment of a separate lens.
  • the interior of the bulb is either filled with a noble gas, another suitable gas, a working liquid, or maintained in a partial vacuum.
  • the interior of the bulb is optionally provided with a diffusive optic 702 that diffuses the incident radiation onto the full area of the photovoltaic element 704 from a range of incident angles, increasing the angular acceptance of the system and decreasing the requisite tracking accuracy.
  • the system is preferably provided with a modular connecting system such as a base 703 provided with holes 706 for easy and reversible attachment to a substrate member.
  • the base 703 of the system will be preferably provided with conductors made a highly heat-conductive material to allow for dissipation of waste heat from the system.
  • a sealed system has the further benefit that the fine alignment between optical elements and photovoltaic module is now preserved and isolated from any disturbance. It may be found that use of a light-transmissive fluid of high heat capacity or conductivity such as hydrogen or water may increase the rate of heat conduction away from the photovoltaic module, which is a key concern in highly concentrating systems due to the high amount of power incoming to the system. This fluid can be sealed within the unit or may be forced in and out of the unit through channels communicating with the outside of the otherwise-sealed unit.
  • Modern high-efficiency PV cells of e.g. 30% efficiency leave 70% of the incoming radiation to heat the PV module, which must be cooled by some means to prevent extreme heating.
  • the efficiency of such PV cells generally decreases with temperature making it doubly important to keep the PV unit as cool as possible.
  • FIG. 8 illustrating another embodiment of the reverse bulb, with optional diffusive optic 702 that diffuses the incident radiation onto the full area of the photovoltaic element 704 from a range of incident angles, and base 703 for easy and reversible attachment to a base member.
  • This embodiment is provided with a reflective coating on the inside of the glass 701 and secondary Newtonian-type reflector 707.
  • the reflective coating serves as a parabolic or non-parabolic mirror which reflects light onto the secondary Newtonian reflector 707, from which the light is again reflected onto the optional diffusive optic 702 and from there onto the photovoltaic converter 704.
  • This embodiment uses mirrored surfaces instead of a lens. Visible also are the heat and/or electrical conductors 708 as well as the holes 706 for connecting the device to a substrate.
  • Fig. 9 illustrating another embodiment of the reverse bulb, with optional diffusive optic 702 that diffuses the incident radiation onto the full area of the photovoltaic element 704 from a range of incident angles, and base 703 with holes 706 for easy and reversible attachment to a substrate member.
  • This embodiment is also provided with a reflective coating on the inside of the sealed enclosure 701. This reflective coating serves as a parabolic or non-parabolic mirror which reflects light onto the optional diffusive optic 702.
  • the diffusive optic 702 and photovoltaic element 704 are located at the top surface of the bulb, eliminating the need for a second Newtonian reflecting surface.
  • This embodiment also uses a mirrored surface instead of a lens. In this case the electrical and heat conductors 708 traverse the entire length of the bulb to reach the photovoltaic element 704 at the top of the bulb.
  • Fig. 10 illustrating another embodiment of the reverse bulb 701, with optional diffusive optic 702 that diffuses the incident radiation onto the full area of the photovoltaic element 704 from a range of incident angles, and base 703 provided with holes 706 for easy and reversible attachment to a base member.
  • This embodiment also uses a mirrored surface instead of a lens, and places the diffusive optic at the focal plane.
  • the size of the photovoltaic element is not as large as the full parabola width at the focal plane, but may be significantly smaller, thus avoiding the limitation described in Eq. 6 on the concentration ratio.
  • all the other embodiments listed above avoid this limitation as well, since the photovoltaic element is not located at the focal plane or is significantly smaller than the full parabolic width at the focal plane.
  • Fig. 11 illustrating another embodiment of the reverse bulb 701, with optional diffusive optic 702 that diffuses the incident radiation onto the full area of the photovoltaic element 704 from a range of incident angles, and base 703 for easy and reversible attachment to a substrate member.
  • This embodiment uses a lens- or sphere-shaped top surface, and places the diffusive optic at the focal plane.
  • all the other embodiments have smooth or nearly-smooth top surfaces; this embodiment is the only one without a smooth top surface.
  • the electrical/thermal connectors 708 conduct electricity and/or heat from the photovoltaic element.
  • Fig. 12 showing en embodiment wherein a series of concentric circular mirrors 709 reflect incoming light onto the photovoltaic receiver 704.
  • the material of the cylindrical body 710 may be for instance epoxy or glass, as long as it is largely transparent to incoming solar radiation. This material is preferable endowed with high heat conductivity. Conductors abstract heat and electricity from the PV cell as in the other embodiments.
  • Fig. 13 is an embodiment wherein a flat light-absorbing plate 710 is utilized to conduct light to the PV cell 704, which as before is connected through base member 703 to a substrate, and connects electrically and thermally by means of connectors 708.
  • the slab is constructed in a manner similar to that of an LCD BLU (backlight unit), and is adapted to collect light from the entire surface of the plate 710 and conduct it to the photovoltaic elements 704.
  • This backlight unit is covered with a one way coating that allows the light in but serves as a total internal reflector to enhance light absorption by the PV cell.
  • Such a one-way mechanism can be accomplished after the fashion of a Faraday isolator, volume diffractive element, phase diffractive element, or the like as will be obvious to one skilled in the art.
  • the reverse bulb of the present invention can be used as a 'plug-in' photovoltaic collector placed at the focus of a larger system.
  • a parabolic trough provided with a series of reverse bulbs in a line at the focus of the parabolic trough.
  • Such a system is shown conceptually in Fig. 14 where one can see a series of reverse bulbs 1401 of the current invention, which are located at the focus of the parabolic trough 1402.
  • the bulbs are held in place by the bulb-holding substrate 1403 which conducts heat and electrical energy away from the reverse bulbs.
  • the focus of larger system can also be rather diffuse as light only needs to reach the relatively large surfaces of the reverse bulbs.
  • the primary and secondary optical elements are chosen from a group consisting of a refractive optical element, a reflective optical element, a Fresnel lens, a relief diffractive optical element, an absorptive diffractive optical element, a volume phase diffractive optical element, and any combination thereof.
  • a top refractive unifying optical element is provided in the form of a Fresnel lens of circular symmetry.
  • a reflective unifying optical element is provided that is parabolic in profile.
  • a side reflective unifying optical element is provided that is near-parabolic in profile.
  • a side reflective unifying optical element is provided that is parabolic or near-parabolic in profile, and a top second reflective optical element in Newtonian configuration is provided.
  • the photovoltaic element is located at the top face of the unit.
  • the front face of the unit is provided in the shape of a converging lens.
  • a diffusive optical element is provided that directs incoming radiation onto the area of the photovoltaic element.
  • the unifying element is disposed confocally to the focusing element.
  • the housing is maintained under vacuum of less than 10 mbar.
  • the housing is filled with gas.
  • the filled gas is selected from the group consisting of: helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, radon, and any combination thereof.
  • the housing is filled with fluid.
  • the reverse bulbs are provided with the connectors adapted to releasably connect to a substantially plane base structure which accomodates a plurality of said reverse bulbs.
  • the connector is adapted for heat abstraction from the photovoltaic cell to an active/passive heat sink.
  • the connector is adapted for electrical connection to the substrate holding said connector.
  • the connector is adapted to releasably connect to a bulb holder of a predetermined form.
  • the base structure is adapted for tracking the sun's position and optimally orienting a plurality of the reverse bulbs.
  • an external light-collecting member is used to concentrate light onto one or more reverse bulbs, increasing the concentration factor of the overall system.
  • a dust-repellent coating be used to coat the outer surfaces of the reverse bulbs of the present invention, such that the accumulation of dust on these outer surfaces is impeded.
  • a water-repellent coating be used to coat the outer surfaces of the reverse bulbs of the present invention, such that the accumulation of water on these outer surfaces is impeded.
  • an anti-reflection coating be used to coat the surfaces of the reverse bulbs of the present invention.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)

Abstract

L’invention concerne un module solaire de type ampoule qui capte la lumière au lieu d’émettre de la lumière comme une ampoule classique. Le module est utilisé dans un système concentrateur photovoltaïque (CPV) qui est protégé des éléments et de leurs effets de vieillissement, et qui est facile à installer et à démonter. L’ampoule comprend : (a) un boîtier hermétique prenant la forme d’une ampoule dont la face est transparente aux rayonnements solaires incidents; (b) des moyens de concentration sous la forme d’un système de lentilles et/ou de miroirs disposés de manière à concentrer le rayonnement solaire incident sur une zone limitée à l’intérieur du boîtier; (c) une cellule photovoltaïque logée à l’intérieur du boîtier à la distance focale de la lentille ou du miroir; (d) un connecteur conçu pour adapter l’énergie électrique ou thermique et la transférer de l’unité photovoltaïque au cadre de support.
PCT/IL2009/000958 2008-10-07 2009-10-11 Module photovoltaïque solaire haute concentration de type « ampoule à action inversée » WO2010041249A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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US10328608P 2008-10-07 2008-10-07
US61/103,286 2008-10-07

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20110247678A1 (en) * 2010-04-09 2011-10-13 Fan Jong-Hwua Willy Concentrated photovoltaic module and photovoltaic array module having the same
WO2021219412A1 (fr) * 2020-04-28 2021-11-04 Signify Holding B.V. Détecteur de direction optique
WO2022205375A1 (fr) * 2021-04-01 2022-10-06 博立码杰通讯(深圳)有限公司 Dispositif d'utilisation d'énergie solaire

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US20110247678A1 (en) * 2010-04-09 2011-10-13 Fan Jong-Hwua Willy Concentrated photovoltaic module and photovoltaic array module having the same
WO2021219412A1 (fr) * 2020-04-28 2021-11-04 Signify Holding B.V. Détecteur de direction optique
WO2022205375A1 (fr) * 2021-04-01 2022-10-06 博立码杰通讯(深圳)有限公司 Dispositif d'utilisation d'énergie solaire

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