WO2010036259A1 - Appareil à boulon de câble à tension réajustable et procédé associé - Google Patents

Appareil à boulon de câble à tension réajustable et procédé associé Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010036259A1
WO2010036259A1 PCT/US2008/077726 US2008077726W WO2010036259A1 WO 2010036259 A1 WO2010036259 A1 WO 2010036259A1 US 2008077726 W US2008077726 W US 2008077726W WO 2010036259 A1 WO2010036259 A1 WO 2010036259A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cable
sleeve
borehole
bore
resin
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2008/077726
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
William G. Fox
Original Assignee
Rhino Technologies, Llc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Rhino Technologies, Llc filed Critical Rhino Technologies, Llc
Priority to CN2008801312785A priority Critical patent/CN102165140A/zh
Priority to PCT/US2008/077726 priority patent/WO2010036259A1/fr
Priority to AU2008362189A priority patent/AU2008362189A1/en
Publication of WO2010036259A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010036259A1/fr
Priority to US13/035,292 priority patent/US8277148B2/en
Priority to ZA2011/01952A priority patent/ZA201101952B/en

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
    • E21D21/008—Anchoring or tensioning means
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
    • E02D5/80—Ground anchors
    • E02D5/808—Ground anchors anchored by using exclusively a bonding material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
    • E21D21/0026—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts
    • E21D21/006—Anchoring-bolts made of cables or wires

Definitions

  • the following technology relates generally to supporting a face of a passage in a geological structure and, more particularly, to a re- tensionable cable bolt apparatus and related methods.
  • a typical arrangement employs an anchor, such as an elongated roof "bolt,” that extends into a borehole formed in the face and is grouted in place.
  • an anchor such as an elongated roof "bolt”
  • Federal regulations pertaining to underground mine safety require the placement of these bolts at frequent intervals throughout the mine passage. Consequently, ease of manufacture and use, as well as reliability, are important considerations in terms of reducing the overall installation cost to the mine owner (which, of course, directly correlates to the profitability of the mining operation).
  • the bolt comprises a length of flexible metal cable inserted into the borehole and grouted in place, and may be either “passive” or tensionable.
  • the bolt includes an externally threaded tension head including opposed, longitudinally extending anti-rotation keys for engaging the sidewalls so as to prevent rotation (see, e.g., U.S. Patent No. 3,077,809 to Harding et al.).
  • an associated nut is advanced against an engagement structure, such as a plate, which serves to support the corresponding face in the desired fashion.
  • the current approach for installing passive cable bolts can lead to undesirable "false” tensioning and deleterious “kick back.”
  • the cable may continue to twist within the borehole upon the application of torque. This can lead the installer to believe that the applied torque tensions the cable bolt, when in fact it is simply causing it to twist (and thus the moniker, "false” tensioning). In some circumstances, this twisting can even cause the bolt to counter-rotate, or "kick back," upon release of the accumulated energy, which is undesirable for obvious reasons.
  • the bolt should be easy and inexpensive to manufacture and install, without the need for bulky castings that would extend below the roof line.
  • the bolt would be also be tensionable to compress and provide secure, reliable support for the adjacent strata once installed, as well as re-tensionable at a later time should the need arise.
  • an apparatus for installation in a borehole formed in a face of a mine passage in association with a cable comprises an elongated sleeve for securing to the cable and having a lower end with a bore adapted for receiving a threaded shank.
  • a plurality of facets along a peripheral portion of the lower end of the sleeve form corners adapted for engaging a stratum adjacent the borehole during installation.
  • the bore extends through the sleeve and includes an undersized portion for engaging an oversized portion of the cable.
  • resin is provided within the bore for connecting the cable to the sleeve.
  • the resin may encompass the oversized portion, and may be inj ected through a transverse channel in the sleeve communicating with the bore.
  • the plurality of facets are arranged to provide the peripheral portion with a cross section forming a regular polygon (and most preferably a hexagon, with six corners for engaging the stratum). Moreover, at least two of the corners are spaced apart a distance greater than a diameter of the borehole. The corners thus resist rotation of the sleeve within the borehole.
  • an apparatus for installation in a borehole having a diameter formed in a face of a mine passage comprises an elongated cable for extending into the borehole, said cable having an oversized portion.
  • a sleeve includes a bore for receiving the oversized portion of the cable and resin for securing the cable to the sleeve.
  • a peripheral portion of the sleeve includes a plurality of facets.
  • the facets provide the peripheral portion of the sleeve with a cross-section forming a regular polygon.
  • the cross section is in the form of a hexagon.
  • the bore includes an internally threaded portion for receiving a threaded shank carrying a tension nut, and the resin holds the oversized portion of the cable within the bore.
  • a method of forming a bolting apparatus for insertion hi a borehole formed in a mine passage comprises inserting an oversized portion of a cable into a bore of a sleeve and using resin to secure the oversized portion of the cable within the sleeve.
  • the resin securely holds the oversized portion of the cable within the sleeve during tensioning.
  • the method may further include the step of snugging the oversized portion of the cable against an undersized portion of the bore.
  • the securing step may comprise injecting a two-component resin into the bore adjacent the oversized portion of the cable.
  • the method may further include the step of inserting a threaded shank into the sleeve.
  • a method of installing a cable bolt in a borehole formed in a mine passage comprises securing a cable to a sleeve having an oversized portion relative to the borehole, and securing the cable and sleeve within the borehole.
  • the method further comprises inserting a threaded shank into an internal bore formed in the sleeve.
  • the method may further include the step of tensioning the bolt by advancing a tension nut along the threaded shank.
  • the oversized portion of the sleeve may include a plurality of facets creating corners, in which case the securing step includes inserting the oversized portion of the sleeve within the borehole.
  • the securing step may also include providing resin around the cable in the borehole.
  • the securing step may comprise using resin to secure the oversized portion of the cable to the sleeve.
  • Figure 1 is a side view of a cable bolt apparatus forming one aspect of the invention
  • Figures 2a, 2b, and 2c are side cross- sectional, bottom, and top views of a sleeve forming part of the cable bolt apparatus of Figure 1 ;
  • Figure 3 is a partially cutaway side cross-sectional view of the sleeve-cable interface
  • Figure 3a is a cross-sectional view taken along line 3 a-3 a of Figure
  • Figure 3b is a cross-sectional view taken along line 3b-3b of Figure
  • Figure 4 is a side schematic view of the cable bolt apparatus partially inserted in a borehole in a mine passage;
  • Figure 5 is a side schematic view similar to Figure 4, but showing the entire sleeve inserted within the borehole;
  • Figure 5a is apartially cross-sectional bottom view taken along line 5a-5a of Figure 5;
  • Figure 6 is a side schematic view showing the cable bolt apparatus fully installed within the borehole.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates one embodiment of a tensionable cable bolt apparatus, or bolt 10 for short.
  • the bolt 10 as shown is intended for installation in a face F of a mine passage, such as the roof, having a borehole H formed therein (see Figures 4-6).
  • a mine passage such as the roof
  • a borehole H formed therein (see Figures 4-6).
  • the bolt 10 and related installation method are described as being used to reinforce and sustain a mine roof defined by an adjacent stratum S (or strata, as the case may be) in which the borehole H is vertically formed (see Figures 4-6)
  • the present invention may be applied to support any one of the other faces of the passage (e.g., a rib) or a different type of geological structure, without limitation.
  • the bolt 10 is preferably an elongated structure comprising a length of multi-strand, flexible, metal cable 12.
  • the cable 12 is adapted to fit within the borehole H while leaving an annulus A for receiving the resin or grout G used to secure it in place (see Figures 4-6).
  • the cable 12 may be of any conventional type, such as that made by spirally wrapping a plurality of wire strands around a center wire.
  • the cable 12 also includes at least one, and preferably a plurality of enlarged or oversized portions.
  • the enlarged or oversized portion is shown as comprising a "bulb" anchor or "bird cage” 12a formed in the cable 12, such as in the manner described in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,344,256, 6,820,657, and International Application Publication No. WO/2005012691(the disclosures of which are all incorporated herein by reference).
  • other techniques for enlarging a portion of the cable 12 may be used instead, including through the use of sleeves for receiving some or all of the strands or the provision of a "nut cage” or the like.
  • the particular manner of enlarging a portion of the cable 12 is considered unimportant to the practice of the invention.
  • the distal end of the cable 12 may also include a receiver 12b.
  • this receiver 12b may be swaged to the cable 12, thus defining wings 12c.
  • the receiver 12b thus not only serves to receive and hold the ends of the strands forming the cable 12 together, but by virtue of the wings 12c, also helps to mix the uncured resin or grout G within the borehole H during installation of the bolt 10.
  • the cable 12 is secured to a sleeve 14.
  • the sleeve 14 is preferably formed of a single piece of material (such as a metal casting) having an elongated body 14a with an internal passage or bore 14b.
  • This bore 14b is open at both ends of the sleeve 14, and is internally threaded along at least a first, or lower end for receiving the corresponding end of the threaded shank 16.
  • the bore 14b also includes an undersized or "necked" portion 14c adjacent a second, or upper end.
  • the sleeve 14 also includes a peripheral portion having a plurality of flats or facets 14d that together create corners 14e. Specifically, each pair of adjacent facets 14d meet and form a corner 14e along the first or lower end of the sleeve 14. Preferably, at least five facets 14d are provided, which thus creates five corners 14e. In the most preferred embodiment, six facets 14d are provided, thus giving this portion of the sleeve 14 a generally hexagonal cross section ( Figures 2b and 2c).
  • facets 14d it is possible to provide more or fewer facets 14d, which would thus result in a corresponding change in the cross section (e.g., three facets would make a triangle, four facets would make a square, eight facets would make an octagon, etc.).
  • Figures 2b and 2c illustrate that, when the sleeve 14 is provided with a cross section forming a regular polygon, the distance D 1 from any two opposed facets 14d is preferably smaller than the diameter M of the borehole H into which the sleeve 14 is to be inserted.
  • the distance D 7 from opposed corners 14e is preferably at least equal to or slightly greater than the diameter of the borehole H.
  • these corners 14e when so spaced apart provide the sleeve 14 with an oversized lower portion that helps the bolt 10 to resist rotation once placed in the borehole H and during subsequent tensioning.
  • Figures 3a-3c one manner of connecting the cable
  • the sleeve 14 is passed over the cable 12 until an enlarged or oversized portion (e.g., bulb 12a) along the proximal end is received in the bore 14b (and preferably snugged into engagement with the undersized or necked portion 14c, which has a diameter that is less than the oversized portion of the cable 12).
  • a threaded shank 16 may then be associated with the open end of the bore 14b, with the opposite open end of the bore being substantially closed off by the presence of the cable 12.
  • resin 22 is injected from a source into the portion of the bore 14b including the oversized portion of the cable 12, or bulb 12a in the illustrated embodiment.
  • the resin 22 is injected through a transverse passage or channel 14f in the sleeve 14 and communicating with the bore 14b (see Figure 2 also).
  • the resin 22 used to connect the cable 12 to the sleeve 14 may be of the two component variety, including a polyester component and a catalyst paste that, upon mixing, cure and harden in a matter of seconds (and sometimes called "grout" in the vernacular).
  • the resin 22 used for this purpose may thus be similar or identical to that used to anchor the cable 12, but preferably has a higher viscosity to ensure that it remains within the bore 14b once injected.
  • a suitable resin for this purpose is available from Minova International Ltd.
  • the resin 22 surrounds the cable 12. Specifically, the resin 22 penetrates into the bulb 12a, if present, surrounding each individual wire (see cross-section of Figure 3b) and associates with any internal threads within the adjacent portion of the bore 14b. Upon curing and hardening, the resin 22 thus serves to form a cement-like bond that not only connects the cable 12 to the sleeve 14 in a most reliable and secure fashion, but also resists any relative rotation. Although the threaded shank 16 cannot be advanced within the bore 14b as a result of the presence of resin 22, this shank can be removed and replaced in a non-destructive fashion, if necessary or desired.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates schematically the manner in which the bolt 10 of Figure 1 is installed in the borehole H.
  • the distal end of the cable 12 is inserted through the opening O of the borehole H, which is preferably formed having a diameter M matching the distance D 1 across the plurality of facets 14d of the sleeve 14 (e.g., 1.375 inch distance D 1 for a 1.375 inch diameter borehole, which thus makes the opposed corner-to-comer distance D 2 about 1.6 inches).
  • the borehole H also preferably has a depth slightly greater than the bolt 10, such as by at least one inch and possibly more.
  • Figure 4 shows the sleeve 14 partially inserted within the borehole H, the entire sleeve 14 may initially remain outside of the borehole H while the cable 12 is advanced. The advancing is preferably done in a relatively slow, controlled fashion in an effort to prevent the cable 12 from binding or hanging within the borehole H.
  • uncured resin or grout G is provided adjacent to at least a portion of the cable 12 in the associated annulus A (see Figures 5 and 6). Most preferably, the uncured resin or grout G is provided such that it occupies at least the annulus A adjacent the tail or distal end of the bolt 10, and in the upper portion of the borehole H.
  • this uncured resin may be provided from a remote source, such as by way of injection, it is most preferably supplied in the form of a frangible cartridge (not shown), or resin "sausage" in the vernacular.
  • this type of cartridge is normally pre-installed in the borehole H and ruptured during insertion of the cable 12, thus causing a quick-curing resin to occupy the surrounding borehole H.
  • This grout G or resin also usually comprises two materials (e.g., polyester resin and a catalyst) that make contact and react only upon the rupturing of the cartridge.
  • the resin or grout G Upon being thoroughly mixed, such as by the rotation of the cable 12 within the borehole H (with any associated structures providing a mixing-assist function), the resin or grout G then quickly hardens. The hardened product thus serves to hold the cable 12 securely within the borehole H 5 and enables the resulting bolt 10 to undergo tensioning and resist movement in the longitudinal direction.
  • the bolt 10 After mixing, but before the resin or grout G completely hardens (which, again, may take only a matter of seconds depending on the particular composition used), the bolt 10 is further advanced into the borehole H ( Figure 5), such as by using the lift boom of the associated bolter. This causes the corners 14e forming the oversized portion of the sleeve 14 to engage the adjacent strata S ( Figure 5a) and essentially form grooves in it. As a result of these corners 14e and the associated facets 14d, the bolt 10 securely and reliably resists rotation within the borehole H, and also creates a substantial seal such that the resin or grout G cannot leak out and come into contact with the threaded shank 16 (including any portion within the borehole). Once the resin sets or cures (which normally takes only seconds after mixing is complete), the bolt 10 is thus held securely within the borehole H and against movement in the axial or longitudinal direction as well.
  • the bolt 10 then undergoes tensioning to cause a plate P to engage the face F and compress the strata ( Figure 6).
  • this tensioning involves rotating and thus advancing a tension nut 18 associated with the threaded shank 16. This operation may be completed until any associated engagement hardware, such as a plate P, comes into secure engagement with the face F (which normally will take less than one complete turn).
  • Applying the appropriate amount of torque e.g., 250-275 Mb
  • the combined use of a sleeve 14 entirely inserted into the borehole H and a separate threaded shank 16 eliminates the need for bulky castings or assemblies projecting from the mine face F, such as the roof line (see, e.g., U.S. Patent Nos. 6,637,980 to Robertson, Jr. and 6,626,610 to Seegmiller). This can be especially important in situations where the overhead is small due to a relatively low seam height.
  • the ability to remove the threaded shank 16 from the bore 14b formed in the lower end of the sleeve 14, including within the borehole H, is also considered desirable, since it allows for the bolt 10 to be retrofitted or customized for particular applications, and especially those in which a low profile is necessary or desired.
  • the bolt 10 is re-tensionable after the initial installation.
  • the threads of the shank 16 lie outside of the resin anchorage zone, and the sleeve 14 hinders the cable 12 from rotating or twisting during the application of torque to the nut 18. Accordingly, tension can be re-applied weeks, months, or even years after the initial installation. This is a significant advantage, especially if the plate P is inadvertently hit, there is subsequent shrinkage or shifting in the strata, or some of the roof immediately breaks away.
  • the enlarged or oversized portion within the sleeve 14 it should be appreciated from Figure 1 that other enlarged portions may be provided along the entire length of the cable 12. This may be accomplished in any known manner, including those described in the above-referenced '256 and '657 patents. Most preferably, any enlargement is done after the cable 12 is coupled to the sleeve 14 in the manner described.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention porte sur un appareil à boulon de câble à tension réajustable et sur des procédés associés. Dans un aspect de l’invention, le boulon comporte un manchon permettant de connecter ou de fixer un câble. Le manchon comporte une extrémité inférieure possédant un alésage conçu pour recevoir une tige filetée pour une association avec un écrou tendeur. Une pluralité de facettes le long d’une partie périphérique du manchon permet de créer des angles qui empêchent le câble de tourner à l’intérieur du trou de forage lors de l’installation. Le manchon peut être fixé au câble à l’aide de résine, ce qui constitue un autre aspect de l’invention.
PCT/US2008/077726 2005-12-02 2008-09-25 Appareil à boulon de câble à tension réajustable et procédé associé WO2010036259A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN2008801312785A CN102165140A (zh) 2008-09-25 2008-09-25 可再张紧缆螺栓装置及相关方法
PCT/US2008/077726 WO2010036259A1 (fr) 2008-09-25 2008-09-25 Appareil à boulon de câble à tension réajustable et procédé associé
AU2008362189A AU2008362189A1 (en) 2008-09-25 2008-09-25 Re-tensionable cable bolt apparatus and related method
US13/035,292 US8277148B2 (en) 2005-12-02 2011-02-25 Re-tensionable cable bolt apparatus and related method
ZA2011/01952A ZA201101952B (en) 2008-09-25 2011-03-15 Re-tensionable cable bolt apparatus and related method

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US2008/077726 WO2010036259A1 (fr) 2008-09-25 2008-09-25 Appareil à boulon de câble à tension réajustable et procédé associé

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US11/292,489 Continuation US7896581B2 (en) 2005-12-02 2005-12-02 Re-tensionable cable bolt apparatus and related method

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2010036259A1 true WO2010036259A1 (fr) 2010-04-01

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2008/077726 WO2010036259A1 (fr) 2005-12-02 2008-09-25 Appareil à boulon de câble à tension réajustable et procédé associé

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Country Link
CN (1) CN102165140A (fr)
AU (1) AU2008362189A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2010036259A1 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA201101952B (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2020093075A1 (fr) * 2018-11-02 2020-05-07 Epiroc Holdings South Africa (Pty) Ltd Ancrage de câble avec coupleur anti-rotation

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103696789A (zh) * 2013-12-18 2014-04-02 黑龙江金海矿山设备制造有限公司 矿井用鼠笼型锚索
CN109262208A (zh) * 2018-09-30 2019-01-25 江苏永昊高强度螺栓有限公司 一种通孔螺栓的铰孔方法

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3901039A (en) * 1973-03-09 1975-08-26 Lundkvist Alfred Apertured sleeve-shaped members for use in carrying out roof-bolting by means of bolts fastened in bore holes
US5297900A (en) * 1988-10-10 1994-03-29 Witzand Hendrik H Rock stabilizer
US5441372A (en) * 1993-05-05 1995-08-15 Premetalco, Inc. Rock bolt shell and cone
US5458442A (en) * 1991-12-19 1995-10-17 Bridon Plc Flexible roof bolt
US5586839A (en) * 1994-09-06 1996-12-24 Gillespie; Harvey D. Yieldable cable bolt
US5954455A (en) * 1996-01-11 1999-09-21 Jennmar Corporation Combination bolt system

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3896627A (en) * 1974-10-18 1975-07-29 Fosroc Ag Anchoring
US4472088A (en) * 1982-04-21 1984-09-18 Martin W James Mining roof bolt
AUPO220596A0 (en) * 1996-09-09 1996-10-03 Geosystems Cable bolt

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3901039A (en) * 1973-03-09 1975-08-26 Lundkvist Alfred Apertured sleeve-shaped members for use in carrying out roof-bolting by means of bolts fastened in bore holes
US5297900A (en) * 1988-10-10 1994-03-29 Witzand Hendrik H Rock stabilizer
US5458442A (en) * 1991-12-19 1995-10-17 Bridon Plc Flexible roof bolt
US5441372A (en) * 1993-05-05 1995-08-15 Premetalco, Inc. Rock bolt shell and cone
US5586839A (en) * 1994-09-06 1996-12-24 Gillespie; Harvey D. Yieldable cable bolt
US5954455A (en) * 1996-01-11 1999-09-21 Jennmar Corporation Combination bolt system

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2020093075A1 (fr) * 2018-11-02 2020-05-07 Epiroc Holdings South Africa (Pty) Ltd Ancrage de câble avec coupleur anti-rotation

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2008362189A1 (en) 2010-04-01
ZA201101952B (en) 2012-12-27
CN102165140A (zh) 2011-08-24

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