WO2010034972A1 - Radar meteorologique ameliore - Google Patents

Radar meteorologique ameliore Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010034972A1
WO2010034972A1 PCT/GB2009/002239 GB2009002239W WO2010034972A1 WO 2010034972 A1 WO2010034972 A1 WO 2010034972A1 GB 2009002239 W GB2009002239 W GB 2009002239W WO 2010034972 A1 WO2010034972 A1 WO 2010034972A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pulse
pulses
pair
transmitter
pulse width
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2009/002239
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Michael Roger Andrew Edwards
Original Assignee
The Secretary Of State For Defence
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by The Secretary Of State For Defence filed Critical The Secretary Of State For Defence
Publication of WO2010034972A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010034972A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/95—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for meteorological use
    • G01S13/951—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for meteorological use ground based
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G01S7/28—Details of pulse systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
    • G01S13/06—Systems determining position data of a target
    • G01S13/08—Systems for measuring distance only
    • G01S13/10—Systems for measuring distance only using transmission of interrupted, pulse modulated waves
    • G01S13/22—Systems for measuring distance only using transmission of interrupted, pulse modulated waves using irregular pulse repetition frequency
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
    • G01S13/50—Systems of measurement based on relative movement of target
    • G01S13/58—Velocity or trajectory determination systems; Sense-of-movement determination systems
    • G01S13/581—Velocity or trajectory determination systems; Sense-of-movement determination systems using transmission of interrupted pulse modulated waves and based upon the Doppler effect resulting from movement of targets
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/95—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for meteorological use
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G01S7/28—Details of pulse systems
    • G01S7/285—Receivers
    • G01S7/292—Extracting wanted echo-signals
    • G01S7/2921—Extracting wanted echo-signals based on data belonging to one radar period
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
    • Y02A90/10—Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation

Definitions

  • This invention relates to radar and particularly its use in the detection and analysis of weather systems.
  • Radar is one of the principal tools for gathering physical data relating to weather systems.
  • Meteorological precipitation covers all forms of water from ice to rain and mixtures of the two. Precipitation and water droplet size distribution can be estimated by measuring the reflectivity of a weather system being subjected to a radar pulse. The speed of movement of the system can be calculated by carrying out Doppler shift measurements on the system.
  • Radars used by meteorological organisations commonly employ both of these ⁇ techniques to gather data, sweeping across a given azimuth and at a given elevation, and running preset scan patterns. Typically they must repeat such measurements every five minutes to provide near- continuous information on how weather systems develop.
  • a weather radar system would comprise a transmitter, a receiver and some data processing means.
  • Most systems use a magnetron type transmitter which are cheaper and sufficiently effective, although a Klystron transmitter may also be used.
  • Transmitters emit a series of pulses with many such pulses emitted during a second.
  • the pulse is characterised by its Pulse width which is a measure of the length (in time) for which each individual pulse is emitted and the pulse repetition interval (PRI), which is a measure of the time interval between pulse emissions.
  • Transmitters are often characterised in terms of a pulse repetition frequency (PRF) which is the inverse of the PRI
  • PRF pulse repetition frequency
  • the received reflected signal may be treated in different ways to obtain different data.
  • the reflectivity of the signal may be measured to give an indication of water droplet distribution. Doppler shift between two consecutive pulses reveals the radial velocity of the reflecting object, and the time between transmission and receipt reveals the distance of the weather system being tracked.
  • Some examples are a) Fixed Pulse Width and PRF (e.g. 2.0 ⁇ s, 300 Hz) b) Fixed Pulse Width and Staggered Dual PRF (e.g. 0.5 ⁇ s, 900/1200 Hz) c) Fixed Pulse Width and Interleaved Dual PRF (e.g. 1.0 ⁇ s, 800/1200 Hz) d) Fixed Pulse Width and Interleaved Triple PRF (e.g. 2.0 ⁇ s, 303,325,379 Hz)
  • Radar systems also exist that work with a dual transmission frequency, but these require the received signals to be treated by separate receivers which adds expense.
  • the current invention provides for a radar apparatus comprising a transmitter, a receiver and a means for processing reflected signals, in which the transmitter produces a plurality of pulses, each pulse having a pulse width, and a time interval between successive pulses characterised in that both the magnitude of the pulse width of a pulse and the time interval between any two consecutive pulses may be varied in a single PRF cycle.
  • Such an invention allows for a 'PRF repeat cycle' to be created, which may repeat many times in a single PPI scan.
  • the creation of the PRF repeat cycle now permits dual purpose scanning thereby enhancing the operational effectiveness of the radar system.
  • the transmitter is set up to run in a mode that can be triggered to emit pulses at a set pulse width, so that operators can predetermine the most appropriate sequence of trigger signals to give the most suitable PRF repeal cycle for the meteorological conditions to be analysed.
  • a pre programmed scan sequence can be programmed to repeat over a PRF cycle to optimise the search.
  • the data received from one PPI scan could be used to quickly alter the PRF cycle so that where different criteria are required or more information is needed, say for a quickly evolving, or unstable or otherwise dynamic system, the PPI scan can be quickly changed, although in normal applications related to gathering weather data, such a more of operation is seldom likely to de used.
  • the mean transmitter power can be kept constant or near constant, and this in turn keeps the temperature of the Magnetron constant or near constant. The added certainty of accuracy in doing so enables data relating to refractivity and phase recovery, which might currently be discarded, to be collected.
  • Figure 1 Shows a general set up of a weather radar system according to the invention
  • FIG. 1 Shows a Pulse Repetition Cycle
  • FIG. 3 Shows a second Pulse Repetition Cycle
  • FIG. 4 Shows a third Pulse Repetition Cycle
  • FIG. 5 Shows a fourth Pulse Repetition Cycle
  • Figure 1 shows the set up of a radar system.
  • the transmitter (10) is configured to emit pulses as triggered according to a predetermined sequence by a processor (20).
  • the transmitter is a bespoke unit constructed by Communications and Power Industries of Paolo Alto of California, USA, although any transmitter with similar functionality would be suitable.
  • the receiver (30) and the processing equipment are normal off the shelf systems that would be familiar to anyone skilled in the art.
  • the Transmitter (10) is a magnetron based transmitter having an output (12) and a composite trigger input (14).
  • the composite trigger is a pulsed logic control signal from the Processor (20) to the transmitter where the width of the composite trigger pulse determines the length of the transmitter's output pulse and the pulse repetition frequency of the composite trigger pulse determines the PRF of the Transmitter's output pulse.
  • a Transmitter sample coupler (16) provides an input back to the Processor (20) having an input (22) at a Transmitter sample digitizer. The reflected signals from the antenna system are relayed into the Receiver 30 and thence input into the signal digitizer (24) of the Processor (20). Finally the processed data is output (26) to a suitable communications link for treatment.
  • a skilled operative can pre programme a set of PRF repeat cycles to collect data relating to more than one parameter in one PPI scan.
  • Figures 2 to 5 show different means of operating the system as set out in figure 1 with different PRF repeat cycles.
  • the system sends a series of pulses at 2 ⁇ s Pulse width with a PRI of l/300s which are measuring reflectivity typically to a range of 250 km.
  • Pulse width with a PRI of l/300s which are measuring reflectivity typically to a range of 250 km.
  • the PRI between the Doppler pairs is varied but not their pulse width.
  • the interval between the shorter pulses is varied in order to produce data with different unambiguous velocities, permitting velocity enfolding which increases the effective unambiguous velocity.
  • a similar PRF repeat cycle is used, but here as the PRF between pulse pairs to be used for Doppler processing increases, the pulse width is decreased. In this example, the mean power of the magnetron remains unaffected enabling more accurate results.
  • a similar PRF repeat cycle is used but the second pulse of each Doppler pulse pair is a 2us pulse to give a near constant mean power than in other cases.
  • the apparatus is operated at a constant pulse width with a varying PRF.
  • the invention delivers a more integrated energy profile with better radar effectiveness.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un appareil pour un radar amélioré servant en particulier à l'analyse des systèmes météorologiques. Cet appareil comprend un émetteur, un récepteur et un moyen de traitement de signaux réfléchis, l'émetteur produisant une pluralité d'impulsions, chaque impulsion présentant une largeur d'impulsion, et un intervalle temporel entre deux impulsions. La largeur d'impulsion de chaque impulsion produite peut être d'une amplitude différente de l'impulsion précédente et l'intervalle temporel entre deux impulsions consécutives peut être modifié, ce qui permet une utilisation plus efficace des systèmes radar courants.
PCT/GB2009/002239 2008-09-25 2009-09-21 Radar meteorologique ameliore WO2010034972A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GBGB0817570.5A GB0817570D0 (en) 2008-09-25 2008-09-25 Improved weather radar
GB0817570.5 2008-09-25

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2010034972A1 true WO2010034972A1 (fr) 2010-04-01

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB2009/002239 WO2010034972A1 (fr) 2008-09-25 2009-09-21 Radar meteorologique ameliore

Country Status (2)

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GB (2) GB0817570D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO2010034972A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106918803A (zh) * 2015-12-28 2017-07-04 中国航空工业集团公司雷华电子技术研究所 一种机载气象雷达视频处理方法

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110146892B (zh) * 2019-05-05 2023-08-01 浙江宜通华盛科技有限公司 一种双偏振雷达
CN114079851B (zh) * 2020-07-29 2023-02-03 华为技术有限公司 基于无线信号感知打喷嚏的方法及相关装置

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4626856A (en) * 1983-10-14 1986-12-02 General Dynamics Corporation Radar signal correction system
US5140332A (en) * 1989-07-13 1992-08-18 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Short pulse radar system with a long pulse transmitter
WO2006123084A1 (fr) * 2005-01-19 2006-11-23 Smiths Group Plc Appareil de radar
EP1804077A1 (fr) * 2005-12-23 2007-07-04 Vaisaila Inc. Impulsion fréquencielle hybride pour la détection de phénomènes météorologiques dans un système radar
US20070252751A1 (en) * 2006-04-28 2007-11-01 Furuno Electric Company Limited Radar apparatus and radar tuning method
GB2444299A (en) * 2006-11-30 2008-06-04 Secr Defence Weather signal processing in a magnetron based radar system
US20080211714A1 (en) * 2005-06-02 2008-09-04 Meteo-France Method of Measuring the Speed of Air by Doppler Radar
GB2452415A (en) * 2007-08-31 2009-03-04 Raymarine Uk Ltd Digital radar or sonar apparatus

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4254327A (en) * 1979-05-17 1981-03-03 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Pulse generator having selectable pulse width and pulse repetition interval
US5247303A (en) * 1992-07-20 1993-09-21 University Corporation For Atmospheric Research Data quality and ambiguity resolution in a doppler radar system
US7417578B1 (en) * 2005-03-08 2008-08-26 Rockwell Collins, Inc. Removal of spurious aircraft detections on weather radar

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4626856A (en) * 1983-10-14 1986-12-02 General Dynamics Corporation Radar signal correction system
US5140332A (en) * 1989-07-13 1992-08-18 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Short pulse radar system with a long pulse transmitter
WO2006123084A1 (fr) * 2005-01-19 2006-11-23 Smiths Group Plc Appareil de radar
US20080211714A1 (en) * 2005-06-02 2008-09-04 Meteo-France Method of Measuring the Speed of Air by Doppler Radar
EP1804077A1 (fr) * 2005-12-23 2007-07-04 Vaisaila Inc. Impulsion fréquencielle hybride pour la détection de phénomènes météorologiques dans un système radar
US20070252751A1 (en) * 2006-04-28 2007-11-01 Furuno Electric Company Limited Radar apparatus and radar tuning method
GB2444299A (en) * 2006-11-30 2008-06-04 Secr Defence Weather signal processing in a magnetron based radar system
GB2452415A (en) * 2007-08-31 2009-03-04 Raymarine Uk Ltd Digital radar or sonar apparatus

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106918803A (zh) * 2015-12-28 2017-07-04 中国航空工业集团公司雷华电子技术研究所 一种机载气象雷达视频处理方法
CN106918803B (zh) * 2015-12-28 2020-07-03 中国航空工业集团公司雷华电子技术研究所 一种机载气象雷达视频处理方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB2463774A (en) 2010-03-31
GB0817570D0 (en) 2008-11-05
GB0916521D0 (en) 2009-10-28

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