WO2010029993A1 - Plant cultivation system, plant cultivation plant and plant cultivation device for domestic use - Google Patents

Abstract

Provided is a plant cultivation system widely applicable to various kinds of plants by which cultivation can be efficiently carried out by inhibiting the proliferation of contaminating bacteria and the like and promoting the growth of plants.  A plant cultivation system (2) provided with cultivation beds (40) which are formed and held on a plurality of vertically arranged stages, an artificial light source (80) which is vertically movable in response to the growth of the plants (P) under cultivation, and an air conditioner (84) which blows air with conditioned temperature, humidity, CO₂ level and so on to an air channel (87).  The cultivation bed (40) comprises a cultivation tank (72) and a planting panel (73) which is attached to the upper part of the cultivation tank (72) to form a channel (76) for a nutrient solution (A) and in which the plants (P) are planted in such a manner that the plant roots (P’) are exposed toward the channel (76).  In the plant cultivation system (2), the nutrient solution (A) supplied to the cultivation bed (40) is passed through the channel (76), discharged therefrom, then circulated and reused under such control as allowing the nutrient solution (A) to intermittently flow into the channel (76).

Description

Plant cultivation system, plant cultivation plant and household plant cultivation device

The present invention relates to a plant cultivation technique for hydroponically cultivating plants such as vegetables, and more particularly to a multistage shelf-type plant cultivation system, a plant cultivation plant, and a household plant cultivation apparatus in which cultivation beds are provided in a plurality of upper and lower stages. Is.

Conventionally, as a system for hydroponically cultivating plants such as vegetables, there is a plant cultivation system in which a cultivation floor is provided substantially vertically and a nutrient solution is sprayed on a plant root exposed on the back side of the cultivation floor (for example, Patent Documents) 1). If this plant cultivation system is used, even if it is a narrow land, it becomes possible to improve production efficiency markedly.

However, in the above plant cultivation system, restrictions are imposed on the planting posture of plants, and it has become clear that some plants are difficult to grow depending on the type of plant (for example, cabbage).
On the other hand, a multistage shelf type plant cultivation system in which cultivation beds are provided in a plurality of upper and lower stages is known. If it is such a plant cultivation system, since there is no unreasonableness also in the planting attitude | position of a plant, it can produce comparatively efficiently irrespective of the kind of plant.

JP 2008-92859 A

However, according to the conventional multi-shelf-type plant cultivation system, the nutrient solution is stored in a pool shape for a long time at the bottom of the cultivation bed, and the plant root is immersed in this nutrient solution to absorb nutrients. There is a problem that various bacteria are easily propagated in the stored nutrient solution and the growth of the plant is hindered.

Therefore, the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and can be widely applied to various types of plants, and suppresses the propagation of germs and the like, and promotes the growth of plants and efficiently cultivates them. An object of the present invention is to provide a plant cultivation system, a plant cultivation plant, and a plant cultivation apparatus for household use.

In order to solve the above problems, a plant cultivation system according to the present invention includes a cultivation bed in which a cultivation plant is planted, arranged in a plurality of upper and lower stages, and arranged and held substantially horizontally, and above each cultivation bed. An artificial light source that is provided and moved up and down according to the growth of the cultivated plant, and an air passage or an air fan that is formed from one side to the other side of each cultivation bed. , An air conditioner that sequentially feeds air with adjusted CO ₂ concentration, etc., wherein the cultivation bed is fitted to the upper open box type cultivation tank and the upper part of the cultivation tank And a planting panel for forming a nutrient solution channel between the bottom of the cultivation tank and planting the cultivated plant so that the plant root is exposed toward the channel. And the nutrient solution supplied to the cultivation bed is The gist of the invention is that the nutrient solution is controlled so as to intermittently flow into the flow path while being circulated and reused after being continuously discharged through the flow path.

In addition, the plant cultivation system of the present invention further includes an automatic management means for storing the nutrient solution supplied to the cultivation bed and maintaining the concentration, volume, and temperature of the nutrient solution at a constant value. A tank, a return liquid tank for recovering the nutrient solution discharged from the cultivation bed, and interposed between the supply tank and the return liquid tank, and transferred from the return liquid tank to the supply tank The gist is provided with a filtration device for performing filtration and sterilization of the nutrient solution and a sterilization device including an ozone generator.

Further, the plant cultivation system of the present invention further includes a ceiling portion provided in the upper part in parallel with the cultivation bed, and having an area of the same extent as the cultivation bed, and the ceiling portion is a cultivation plant. The gist is that the artificial light source is moved up and down according to the growth and provided on the ceiling.

Further, in the plant cultivation system of the present invention, further, the air conditioner is moved up and down in conjunction with the artificial light source, and the temperature, toward the cultivated plant and the artificial light source planted in the cultivation bed, The gist of the invention is that it has a jet outlet for jetting out air with adjusted humidity, CO ₂ concentration, and the like.

In the plant cultivation system of the present invention, an overflow weir having an open upper space is further formed on the downstream side of the flow path, and supply of nutrient solution is stopped below the overflow weir. The gist is that a small hole for discharging all the nutrient solution in the flow path is provided.

The plant cultivation system of the present invention is further a growth panel comprising a rectangular plate having a large number of holes on the surface and legs for supporting the rectangular plate from the ground, the holes being vertically The gist of the invention is to use a growth panel that is an inverted truncated cone shape that is both open, and has a lower end that is suspended so as to be positioned approximately in the middle of the height of the growth panel.

Further, the plant cultivation system of the present invention further includes a display means for displaying the operation status of the plant cultivation system, a monitoring means capable of monitoring the operating state of the devices and apparatuses constituting the plant cultivation system, and the plant The gist is that it is possible to monitor and operate the entire apparatus and apparatus constituting the plant cultivation system by providing an operation means capable of operating the apparatus and apparatus constituting the cultivation system.

In addition, the plant cultivation system of the present invention further includes switching between automatic mode and manual mode, opening and closing of various valves, amount and temperature of nutrient solution to be introduced, indoor and outdoor temperature and humidity, amount of lighting, etc. Input means for inputting control data related to the cultivation of storage, storage means for storing setting data such as the amount of nutrient solution and the amount of illumination most suitable for each type of plant to be grown in advance, and a predetermined plant stored in advance Reading means for reading out the setting data, and automatic control means for automatically controlling devices and devices constituting the plant cultivation system according to the setting data stored in advance by selecting an automatic mode after reading out the setting data And an operation means capable of operating devices and devices constituting the plant cultivation system by selecting the manual mode, Entire monitoring of equipment and devices for forming, operating, and summarized in that which enables automatic control.

Further, the plant cultivation system of the present invention further connects the plant cultivation system to a network line, and connects the terminal located at a remote place to the network line, so that the plant cultivation system can be remotely controlled using the terminal. The gist is that the entire equipment and devices can be monitored and operated.

In addition, the plant cultivation plant of the present invention is provided with the plant cultivation system described above, and is covered with a roof and an outer wall having heat insulation, and the roof has a greening on the roof. The gist is that it has been applied.

Further, the household plant cultivation device of the present invention is a household plant cultivation device in which a transferable box is formed, and necessary facilities are stored inside the box, and the cultivation plant is planted, A cultivation bed that is arranged and held in a plurality of stages and substantially horizontally, an artificial light source that is provided above each cultivation bed and is moved up and down according to the growth of the cultivation plant, and planted on the cultivation bed An air conditioner having a jet outlet that blows out air whose temperature, CO ₂ concentration, etc. are adjusted toward the cultivated plant and the artificial light source, and the cultivation bed has an upper open box type cultivation tank, It is fitted to the upper part of the cultivation tank and forms a nutrient solution channel between the bottom of the cultivation tank and the planted plant is planted so that the plant roots are exposed toward the channel. A planting panel, and the cultivation bed The nutrient solution to be supplied is circulated and reused after being discharged through the channel, and the nutrient solution is controlled so as to intermittently flow into the channel. And

Further, the household plant cultivation apparatus of the present invention further has a ceiling part provided in the upper part in parallel with the cultivation bed and having an area of the same extent as the cultivation bed. It is moved up and down according to the growth of cultivated plants, the artificial light source is provided on the ceiling, and the air conditioner is moved up and down in conjunction with the artificial light source And

Further, the household plant cultivation apparatus of the present invention is further provided with a drive unit for suspending the ceiling part above each ceiling part, and the drive part is provided extending in the front-rear direction. A shaft bolt and a pair of left and right arms that are formed in a rotatable U-shape and screwed into the shaft bolt so as to form a rhombus in plan view, with the rotation of the shaft bolt The gist is that the ceiling part can be moved up and down via a suspension member connected to the arm by expanding and contracting the arm in the left-right direction.

Further, the household plant cultivation device of the present invention is further characterized in that a concave portion having a reflective inclined wall surface is formed in the ceiling portion, and the artificial light source is disposed in the concave portion. And

In the plant cultivation apparatus for home use of the present invention, the box body is further covered with a heat insulating panel, and most of the front surface of the box body can see the cultivated plant planted in the cultivation bed inside. The gist is that an opening / closing door into which the multi-layer glass is fitted is provided.

According to the plant cultivation system and the plant cultivation plant of the present invention, since the cultivation beds are arranged and held in a plurality of upper and lower stages and substantially horizontally, respectively, it is possible to make many nurseries in a small area. And can be widely applied to various types of plants.

In addition, since the nutrient solution supplied to the cultivation bed is circulated and reused after passing through the flow path continuously, it is not necessary to discard the nutrient solution that has been used once. It is possible to minimize the amount of nutrient solution required. And, since the nutrient solution is controlled to intermittently flow into the flow path, it is possible to change the state where the roots of the cultivated plants are immersed in the nutrient solution and the state where the roots are not immersed at regular intervals. It is possible, thereby stimulating the roots of the cultivated plant so that the roots can absorb more nutrient solution. Furthermore, propagation of various germs and the like can be suppressed.
Further, the planting panel is composed of a square plate having a large number of holes on the surface and legs for supporting the square plate from the ground, and the holes are inverted frustoconical shapes that are open both at the top and bottom, and the lower end is By suspending so that it is located approximately in the middle of the height of the planting panel, the drainage of the medium inserted into the hole becomes better, and the growth of the plant is stopped by exposing the medium to air, The nutrient solution can be supplied to the medium or discharged from the medium in a short time.

In addition, since it has an artificial light source that can be moved up and down, or a ceiling portion provided with an artificial light source, the position from the plant to the artificial light source can always be kept at a constant distance as the plant grows. A quantity of artificial light that is favorable for growth can always be irradiated. Thereby, the growth of the cultivated plant is promoted.

Moreover, the heat generated from the artificial light source by sequentially sending air with adjusted temperature, humidity, CO ₂ concentration, etc., into the air passage formed from one side to the other side of each cultivation bed by the air conditioner. The temperature and humidity around the cultivated plant can be brought into a state most suitable for growth. Furthermore, the air conditioner has a cylindrical shape, and is installed in close proximity to one side along the long side of the cultivation bed and fixed to the ceiling part that can be moved up and down, thereby raising and lowering the ceiling part. It is possible to blow low temperature air to the part directly below the ceiling part regardless of the position of the ceiling part, and more reliably remove the heat emitted from the artificial light source. it can.

In addition, by controlling the plant cultivation plant and plant cultivation system of the present invention with a computer, it is possible to monitor and operate the devices and devices constituting each system from an external monitor, and actually cultivate the plant. There is no need to enter the room, and it is possible to save the trouble of visually monitoring the device and manually operating the device. Further, since it is possible to remotely monitor and operate the plant cultivation plant from a remote location, cultivation can be continued even if there is no person in the building where the plant cultivation plant is actually installed.

Moreover, according to the household plant cultivation apparatus of this invention, since the installation required for cultivation is provided in the inside of the transferable box of about 950 mm in left and right x 600 mm in depth x 2100 mm in height, etc. Installation and relocation is easy even in a small space, and artificial plant cultivation becomes possible. In addition, since the cultivation beds are arranged and held in a plurality of upper and lower stages and are substantially horizontal, it is possible to make a large number of nurseries in a small area, and it is widely applicable to various types of plants. Can be applied.

Further, in the plant cultivation apparatus for home use of the present invention, the nutrient solution supplied to the cultivation bed is circulated and reused after passing through the flow path continuously and moving up and down. Since the air conditioner that sequentially sends air adjusted in temperature, humidity, CO ₂ concentration, etc. to the artificial light source or the ceiling portion provided with the artificial light source, the artificial light source or the plant is provided. It has each effect described regarding a plant cultivation system and a plant cultivation plant.

It is a top view of the plant cultivation plant concerning an embodiment. It is sectional drawing of the plant cultivation plant which concerns on embodiment. It is a lineblock diagram of the plant cultivation system concerning an embodiment. It is a partially broken enlarged view showing a cultivation bed. It is a partially broken enlarged view which shows the cultivation bed which provided the overflow weir. (A) The top view which shows the drive part which comprises the plant cultivation system which concerns on embodiment, (b) It is the same front sectional view. It is a partially broken enlarged view which shows the cultivation bed provided with the air conditioner which concerns on Example 2. FIG. It is side surface sectional drawing which shows the cultivation bed provided with the air conditioner which concerns on Example 2. FIG. (A) The top view which shows the planting panel for raising seedlings, (b) It is the same front view. (A) The top view which shows the planting panel for cultivation, (b) It is the same front view. It is a monitoring screen of the system displayed on the monitor. It is a main menu screen displayed on a monitor. It is a driving | operation menu screen displayed on a monitor. It is a valve manual operation screen displayed on a monitor. It is a growth room / shelf temperature setting screen displayed on a monitor. It is a setting menu screen displayed on a monitor. It is a monitoring menu screen displayed on a monitor. It is a history menu screen displayed on a monitor. It is an administrator menu screen displayed on a monitor. (A) The front view which shows another drive part which comprises the plant cultivation system which concerns on embodiment, (b) It is the same top view. It is a perspective view which shows the plant cultivation apparatus which concerns on Example 4. FIG. It is the schematic which shows the whole structure of the plant cultivation apparatus which concerns on Example 4. FIG. (A) The top view which shows the cultivation bed of the plant cultivation apparatus which concerns on Example 4, (b) The front sectional drawing, (c) The same enlarged view. It is a front view which shows the artificial light source and air conditioning apparatus of the plant cultivation apparatus which concern on Example 4. FIG. It is side surface sectional drawing which shows the artificial light source of the plant cultivation apparatus which concerns on Example 4, and an air conditioner. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the computer which concerns on the whole system monitoring operation. It is a flowchart which shows the predetermined | prescribed remote operation procedure of a system.

Hereinafter, a first example, a second example, a third example, and a fourth example will be described as embodiments of the present invention.

A first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. 1 and 2 are a plan view and a sectional view of a plant cultivation plant 1 according to the embodiment, FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram of a plant cultivation system 2 provided in the plant cultivation plant 1, and FIG. 6 is a configuration of the plant cultivation system according to the embodiment. The figure which shows the drive part to perform, FIG. 13 is a figure which shows another drive part which comprises the plant cultivation system which concerns on embodiment.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the plant cultivation plant 1 has a relatively large one-storied house, and includes a growing room 10, a seedling room 11, and a machine room 12. The machine room 12 stores various devices such as pumps P1 to P5 for operating the plant cultivation system 2 described later, a distribution board, a control panel, and a power panel.
In addition to this, the plant cultivation plant 1 is provided with a central monitoring facility for monitoring the shipment / cleaning room 14, the growing room 10 and the seedling room 11 for preparing the harvested cultivated plants to be shipped and cleaning the tools. A management room 15 and a locker room 16 for workers are provided as appropriate. In addition, a supply tank 44, a return liquid tank 45, a cold / hot water tank 67, and a heat pump chiller 68 that form a part of the air conditioner outdoor unit 22 and a plant cultivation system 2 described later are disposed outdoors.

The plant cultivation plant 1 is covered with a heat-insulating roof 18 and an outer wall 19 with a heat insulating material, a heat insulating paint, or the like, and has a structure that can completely block sunlight for at least the growing room 10 and the seedling room 11. Have. In addition, as shown in FIG. 2, the roof 18 is provided with a rooftop greening 20. With such a configuration, the thermal load can be reduced and efficient production becomes possible.

In the growth room 10 and the seedling room 11, a growth shelf 30 and a seedling shelf 31 are arranged in a plurality of rows, respectively. The growth shelf 30 and the seedling shelf 31 are each provided with predetermined cultivation beds over a plurality of upper and lower stages.
The seedlings grown on the nursery rack 31 are transferred to the breeding rack 30 and then grown as cultivated plants P. As shown in FIG. 2, the growing room 10 and the seedling room 11 are dug down in a semi-underground shape, and the lower part from the floor level is configured as a piping / wiring space 32.
The growing room 10 and the seedling room 11 have a sealable structure, and air conditioners 34, 35, and 36 are appropriately installed in each room. Thereby, the temperature and humidity of the breeding room 10 and the seedling room 11 are adjusted to a certain range optimum for the growth of the plant throughout the year.

The plant cultivation plant 1 is provided with a plant cultivation system 2 as shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 3, the plant cultivation system 2 mainly includes a cultivation bed 40, a liquid supply pipe 41, a drainage pipe 42, a supply tank 44, a return liquid tank 45, a filtration device 47, a sterilization device 48, and the like. . Although the cultivation bed 40 is provided in the raising shelf 30 of the raising room 10 in particular, the same cultivation bed is also arrange | positioned at the raising seedling shelf 31 of the raising room 11, and the nutrient solution for raising seedlings is provided by the same system. Circulating supply.
In the plant cultivation system 2, an electromagnetic valve, a check valve that prevents backflow, and a discharge unit that discharges the waste liquid as it is when not reused are appropriately provided in various places as necessary.

As shown in FIG. 3, in the plant cultivation system 2, the nutrient solution A stored in the supply tank 44 is pumped up by the supply pump P <b> 1 and supplied to each cultivation bed 40 via the liquid supply pipe 41. As the nutrient solution A, a solution obtained by diluting liquid fertilizer is used.
The nutrient solution A discharged from each cultivation bed 40 is collected in the pump tank 50 embedded in the soil underground via the drainage pipe 42, then pumped up by the pumping pump P2 and collected in the return liquid tank 45. Is done. A dust removal basket 52 is interposed between the pump tank 50 and the return liquid tank 45, where large dust such as sludge is removed.

The nutrient solution A carried to the return liquid tank 45 is pumped up by the return liquid pump P3, passes through the filtration device 47 and the sterilization device 48, and is stored again in the supply tank 44. The filtration device 47 is formed by the filter 54, and even small dust can be removed here. The sterilizer 48 includes an ozone generator 55 and has a function of sterilizing the ozone generated by the ozone generator 55 by mixing and stirring the nutrient solution A transferred from the return liquid tank 45 to the supply tank 44. is doing.

The supply tank 44 is provided with a concentration sensor 57 and a liquid position sensor 58 as automatic management means for maintaining the concentration and volume of the nutrient solution A at a constant value. In the figure, reference numeral 60 denotes a controller which appropriately drives the stock solution injection pump P4 based on input signals from the concentration sensor 57 and the liquid position sensor 58. As the stock solution injection pump P4 is driven, the stock solution B in the stock solution tank 62 is supplied to the supply tank 44, and if necessary, the well water W is mixed and stirred so that a predetermined nutrient solution A is supplied in the supply tank 44. Newly formulated.

The supply tank 44 is also provided with a temperature sensor 59 as automatic management means for maintaining the temperature of the nutrient solution A at a constant value. Similarly, the signal detected by the temperature sensor 59 is input to the controller 60 to drive the circulation pump P5. The circulation pump P <b> 5 pumps up the nutrient solution A in the supply tank 44, and the nutrient solution A having an appropriate temperature is returned to the supply tank 44 via the cooling / heating device 65. The cooling / heating device 65 includes a heat exchanger 66, a cooling / heating water tank 67, a cooling / heating water pump P6, and a heat pump chiller 68.
In this way, the nutrient solution A stored in the supply tank 44 is always kept so as to be the best for the growth of the cultivated plant P.

Next, the cultivation bed 40 and the planting panel 73 will be further described with reference to FIGS. 4, 5, 9, and 10. 4 is a partially broken enlarged view showing the cultivation bed 40 provided on the growing shelf 30 of the growing room 10, FIG. 5 is a partially broken enlarged view showing the cultivation bed provided with the overflow weir, and FIG. 9 is for raising seedlings. The figure which shows a planting panel, FIG. 10 is a figure which shows the planting panel for cultivation.

As shown in FIG. 4, the growing shelf 30 is configured to include a cultivation bed 40 that is arranged and held in a plurality of stages at predetermined intervals in a gantry 70 that is rigidly configured in a rectangular parallelepiped frame shape. Each cultivation bed 40 is fixed substantially horizontally to a vertical member of the gantry 70 via holding means (not shown) such as a bracket and an angle piece.
The number of stages of the cultivation bed 40 varies depending on the type of plant, but is preferably about 3 to 9 stages from the viewpoint of workability and production efficiency.

The cultivation bed 40 has a rectangular plate shape of 950 mm × 2600 mm in a plan view, and includes an upper open box type cultivation tank 72 and a planting panel 73 fitted on the upper part of the cultivation tank 72. A channel 76 for the nutrient solution A is formed between the bottom surface 75 of the cultivation tank 72 and the planting panel 73. Then, the nutrient solution A supplied from the liquid supply pipe 41 via the branch pipe 41 a flows into the cultivation bed 40 from the liquid supply port 73 a drilled at a predetermined position of the planting panel 73, and passes through this flow path 76. It passes continuously and flows down to the drainage pipe 42 through the drainage port 75a and the branch pipe 42a connected to a predetermined position on the bottom surface 75 of the cultivation tank 72.

The planting panel 73 has a large number of pot receiving holes 79 that support the pot 78 for planting the cultivated plant P at appropriate intervals. The pot 78 is an inverted conical shape whose bottom is open and whose tip is cut, and is a container for accommodating and cultivating seedlings of the cultivated plant P together with soil. The cultivated plant P is arranged such that the plant root P ′ penetrates the pot 78 and is exposed below the planting panel 73.

Moreover, it is more preferable to use two types of planting panels 73 for growing seedlings that are cultivated from the seed state to a seedling state and for growing the seedlings until they are harvested from the seedling state. As shown in FIGS. 9A and 9B, the seedling planting panel 73a is a flat plate having a large number of pot receiving holes 79a on the surface, and the flat plate is located at a high position from the ground at the four corners and the middle part of the horizontal side. Legs 77 for supporting are provided. The pot receiving hole 79a has an inverted truncated cone shape that is open on both the upper and lower sides. The height of the seedling planting panel is about 5 cm and the depth of the pot receiving hole is about 3 cm. Therefore, the lower end of the pot receiving hole is about the middle of the height of the planting panel. The pot receiving hole is suspended so as to be positioned at the position.
As shown in FIGS. 10A and 10B, the growing planting panel 73b has fewer pot receiving holes than the seedling-growing planting panel 73a. The other structure is the same as that of the seedling planting panel 73a.

When using the planting panel 73a for raising seedlings, an inverted conical urethane or the like planted with seeds of the cultivated plant P is inserted into the pot receiving hole 79a as a medium. Then, the seedling planting panel is fitted into the cultivation tank 72 and cultivated. By supplying the nutrient solution A to the flow path 76, the nutrient solution A flows through the lower space of the planting panel 73a. However, the nutrient solution A is immersed by about 1 cm to 1.5 cm from the bottom of the pot receiving hole 79a. It is preferable that Since the bottom of the pot receiving hole 79a is open, when the nutrient solution A is immersed in the bottom by about 1 cm, the nutrient solution A spreads in a short time from the lower part to the upper part of urethane or the like serving as a medium due to capillary action. Thereby, nutrients will be sufficiently distributed to the seeds of the cultivated plant P planted on the top of the medium. Further, when the supply of the nutrient solution A to the flow path 76 is stopped and the nutrient solution A is completely discharged, the bottom portion of the pot receiving hole 79a is provided higher than the bottom portion of the planting panel 73a, and the pot receiving hole 79a The nutrient solution A is discharged from the culture medium in a short time because the bottom is open and the well-drained urethane is used for the culture medium. With such a configuration, it is possible to quickly perform the operation of supplying the nutrient solution A to the medium in which the seeds of the cultivated plant P are planted or discharging the nutrient solution A from the medium.
When the cultivated plant P is grown from the seed state using the seedling planting panel 73a, and the seedling state is reached, the medium is replanted from the pot receiving hole 79a to the planting panel 73b. Since the seedling planting panel 73a and the breeding planting panel 73b have substantially the same diameter and depth of the pot receiving holes, the medium can be easily inserted into either of them. Then, the seedling planting panel 73 a is removed from the cultivation tank 72, and the breeding planting panel 73 b is fitted into the cultivation tank 72. Of course, a cultivation tank not fitted with a planting panel may be prepared in advance, and this cultivation tank may be used. Thus, by using two types of planting panels, it is possible to grow with a smaller number of planting panels by using the seedling planting panel 73a up to the state of the seedling, and the cultivation required for cultivation. Since liquid and lighting can be suppressed, it can be cultivated economically and efficiently. Moreover, since the planting panel 73b for cultivation has a wide arrangement interval between pot receiving holes, even if the cultivated plant P further grows from the state of the seedling by moving to the planting panel 73b for cultivation, they contact each other. Without this, breeding is not hindered.

The drainage port 75a is formed in a funnel shape in which the outlet side is narrower than the inlet side. By adjusting the inflow amount and the inflow speed of the nutrient solution A by the electromagnetic valve 41b, the inside of the flow path 76 is fed with the nutrient solution A. The plant root P ′ that is filled almost completely and exposed to the flow path 76 comes into contact with the nutrient solution A passing through the channel 76 so that the nutrients in the nutrient solution A can be sufficiently absorbed.

Further, the nutrient solution A is controlled to intermittently flow into the flow path 76 via the electromagnetic valve 41b. The supply of the nutrient solution A is stopped at regular intervals, and the growth of the cultivated plant P can be further promoted by alternately contacting the nutrient solution A and air with the plant root P ′. Therefore, it is more preferable if the planting panel 73 is provided with many through holes for taking in air, or the planting panel 73 itself is formed in a mesh shape.

In addition, the overflow weir 91 having an open upper space is formed on the downstream side of the flow path 76 in the cultivation tank 72, and when the nutrient solution A reaches a predetermined amount, it flows over the weir and flows into the drainage pipe 42. It can also be configured (FIG. 5). In this case, when a small hole 92 for drainage is provided at an appropriate position below the overflow weir and the supply of the nutrient solution A is stopped, the nutrient solution A in the cultivation tank 72 does not remain and is discharged to the drainage pipe. It can be so. Moreover, the drainage port 75a connected to the solenoid valve may be provided inside the overflow weir 91 so that the nutrient solution A in the cultivation tank 72 does not remain and can be discharged to the drainage pipe 42. By discharging the nutrient solution A and allowing the plant root P ′ to be exposed to air, the plant root P ′ is stimulated and actively sucks in the nutrient solution A that flows next. Thereby, the growth of the cultivated plant P is promoted.
Moreover, the planting panel 73 can be fixed and the cultivation tank 72 filled with the nutrient solution A can be moved up and down.

As the cultivated plant P, various types of plants such as vegetables and fruits are targeted. In particular, since the nutrient solution A in the flow path 76 is always kept fresh, yam or ginger can be suitably used in the future.

As shown in FIG. 4, an artificial light source 80 for irradiating each cultivated plant P is attached above each cultivation bed 40. The artificial light source 80 is configured to be movable up and down with respect to the cultivation bed 40 via a manual or automatic traveling device 81.
The artificial light source 80 is moved up and down as the cultivated plant P grows. If the intensity or amount of light is insufficient, the growth of the cultivated plant P is delayed. Conversely, if it is excessive, the cultivated plant P is burned. According to the configuration of the artificial light source 80, the distance between the artificial light source 80 and the cultivated plant P is always kept appropriate (usually about 10 to 20 cm), and the growth of the cultivated plant P can be promoted.

Further, as shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B, a ceiling 115 is provided above each cultivation bed 40, and a driving unit 118 is provided above the ceiling 115, and the ceiling is moved up and down by the action of the driving unit. It may be possible. The ceiling part 115 is provided in the upper part in parallel with the cultivation bed 40, and has the same area as the cultivation bed 40. The drive unit 118 has a thin box shape and is fixed and held substantially horizontally with the cultivation bed 40, and a shaft bolt 100 and a pair of left and right arms 101a and 101b are mainly disposed inside.
The shaft bolt 100 is provided with a screw engraved over its entire length, and is provided so as to extend back and forth at a substantially central position of the drive unit 118 as shown in FIGS. 6 (a) and 6 (b). As shown in FIGS. 6 (a) and 6 (b), the arms 101a and 101b are formed in symmetrical left and right shapes, and can be opened and closed via the driven portions 102a and 102b, respectively. Screwed portions 104, 104 are rotatably connected to the tips of the arms 101a, 101b with respect to the arms 101a, 101b. The arms 101a and 101b are screwed to the shaft bolt 100 via the screw portions 104 and 104 so that the arms 101a and 101b have a rhombus shape in plan view.

A predetermined operation hole 106 is exposed and connected to the front end of the shaft bolt 100. By inserting the tip of the operation handle 109 (FIG. 6B) into the operation hole 106, the shaft bolt 100 is rotated in the forward and reverse directions. Can be easily rotated.
The threaded portions 104 and 104 are threaded in directions opposite to each other. As the shaft bolt 100 rotates, the threaded portions 104 and 104 move toward and away from each other along the shaft bolt 100. Perform symmetrical movement. Accordingly, the arms 101a and 101b connected to the screwing portions 104 and 104 expand and contract in the left-right direction. That is, while the arms 101a and 101b each change the opening angle, the driven portions 102a and 102b move substantially symmetrically to the shaft bolt 100 and move toward and away from each other, thereby performing a symmetrical movement. And since the four corner vicinity of the ceiling part 115 is connected with the driven parts 102a and 102b via the suspension members 110, such as a wire, the ceiling part 115 is linked with the said movement of the driven parts 102a and 102b. It can move up and down.

Further, as shown in FIGS. 13A and 13B, the drive unit 118 is mainly composed of the shaft bolt 100 and the inner pulleys 107a and 107b and the outer pulleys that are arranged in a pair of left and right pairs. It is good also as a structure which consists of 108a, 108b.
The shaft bolt 100 has a screw engraved over its entire length, and is provided so as to extend back and forth substantially at the center of the drive unit 118 as shown in FIGS. 13 (a) and 13 (b). As shown in FIGS. 13 (a) and 13 (b), two inner pulleys 107a and 107b are arranged close to each other on the left and right sides so as to form a rhombus shape in plan view when connected to the threaded portions 104 and 104 by a line. They are fixed to the drive unit 118 one by one. As shown in FIGS. 13 (a) and 13 (b), the outer pulleys 108a and 108b are fixed to the driving unit 118 two by two in close proximity to the axial bolt 100 from the inner pulleys 107a and 107b. ing.
One threaded portion 104 is provided with a suspension member 70 such as a wire on the left and right, and each suspension member 70 is connected to the inner pulleys 107a and 107b and the outer pulleys 108a and 108b. , Respectively, are extended to the four corners of the driving portion 118 on the screwing portion side. Similarly, from the other threaded portion 104, one hanging member 70 is extended to the four corners via the inner pulleys 107a and 107b and the outer pulleys 108a and 108b. And the opening part is provided in the four corners of the drive part 118, and each suspending member 70 penetrates this opening part, and is connected with the ceiling part 115. As shown in FIG.

A predetermined operation hole 106 is exposed and connected to the front end of the shaft bolt 100. By inserting the tip of the operation handle 109 into the operation hole 106, the shaft bolt 100 can be easily rotated in the forward and reverse directions. it can.
The threaded portions 104 and 104 are threaded in directions opposite to each other. As the shaft bolt 100 rotates, the threaded portions 104 and 104 move toward and away from each other along the shaft bolt 100. Perform symmetrical movement. Accordingly, the distance of the suspending member 70 from the screwing portions 104, 104 to the inner pulleys 107a, 107b changes in length. That is, the closer to the center on the shaft bolt, the shorter the distance from the inner pulley, and vice versa. Since the length of each suspension member 70 itself does not change, the suspension from the threaded portions 104 and 104 to the inner pulleys 107a and 107b is linked to the symmetrical movement of the threaded portions 104 and 104 approaching and leaving. The length of the installation member 70 fluctuates in length, and thus the ceiling 115 can be moved up and down.
By the said structure, it becomes possible to always keep the distance between the artificial light source 80 and the cultivated plant P at the most suitable distance for the growth of the cultivated plant P.

When the driving unit 118 as described above is used, the arms 61a and 61b or the suspending member 70 expand and contract in substantially the same plane including the shaft bolt 60 to move the ceiling unit 115 up and down. It is possible to make the pocket space very thin. Moreover, since it is a simple operation by the operation handle 109 and fine adjustment is easy, there is a low risk of damaging the cultivated plant P by mistake.

As the artificial light source 80, a fluorescent lamp, a high-pressure sodium lamp, a mercury lamp, a metal halide lamp, a cold cathode lamp, an LED, or the like can be used alone or in combination so that the wavelength range is preferable for the growth of the cultivated plant P. . When using the LED, for example, a ceiling plate having substantially the same area as the planting panel 73 may be provided so as to be movable up and down by the traveling device 81, and the LED may be embedded in the ceiling plate at an appropriate interval.

Moreover, as shown in FIG. 4, each cultivation bed 40 includes an air conditioner 84. In the air conditioner 84, an air outlet 85 is provided on one side of the upper short side of the cultivation bed 40 and an exhaust fan 86 is provided on the other side, and an air passage 87 that circulates from one side to the other side above the cultivation bed 40. Is formed. The air outlet 85 is appropriately connected to the outlet of the duct 34a extending from the air conditioner 34, and the exhaust fan 86 is appropriately connected to the inlet of the duct 35a extending from the air conditioner 35 ( (See FIG. 2). A blower fan may be provided in place of the blower opening 85.

By such an air conditioner 84, it is possible to reliably supply the air whose temperature, humidity, CO ₂ concentration, and the like are adjusted to the cultivated plants P of each cultivation bed 40. In order to enhance the air conditioning effect, the frame 70 of the growing shelf 30 may be covered with a heat insulating panel or the like.

The air conditioner 84 also serves to remove heat from the artificial light source 80. As described above, the artificial light source 80 is provided with a traveling device 81 that moves up and down according to the growth of the cultivated plant P and can adjust the distance to the cultivated plant P. The air blowing port 85 and the exhaust fan 86 may be configured to move up and down in accordance with the operation of the traveling device 81, and may be cooled by always blowing cool air toward the vicinity of the artificial light source 80. This makes it possible to reliably prevent heat from stagnating near the artificial light source 80 and adversely affecting the growth of the cultivated plant P. As described above, a blower fan may be used instead of the blower opening 85.
The cooled air may be diffused into the growth chamber 10, mixed with the air in the growth chamber 10, cooled by an air conditioner, and circulated.

As described above, according to the plant cultivation plant 1 and the plant cultivation system 2 as described above, the nutrient solution A supplied to the flow path 76 of the cultivation bed 40 is continuously discharged through the flow path 76 and is filtered. 47, the sterilizer 48, and the supply tank 44 having automatic management means, etc., so that it can be circulated and reused, so that a constant fresh nutrient solution A can always be supplied to the cultivated plant P. There is a low risk that germs and the like will propagate in the flow path 76 of the cultivation tank 72. Further, in combination with predetermined configurations such as the artificial light source 80 and the air conditioner 84, the growth of the cultivated plant P can be promoted and cultivation can be performed efficiently.

A second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the second embodiment, an air conditioner having a configuration different from that of the air conditioner in the first embodiment is used. FIG. 7 is a partially broken enlarged view showing the cultivation bed provided with the air conditioner according to the second embodiment. FIG. 8 is a side sectional view showing the cultivation bed equipped with the air conditioning apparatus according to the second embodiment.
As shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, the shape of the air conditioner 116 according to the second embodiment is a cylindrical shape having a total length substantially corresponding to the length of the long side of the cultivation bed 40, and one long side of the ceiling Providing close proximity along the side.
The air conditioner 116 is provided suspended from a ceiling 115 that is movable in the vertical direction, and the air conditioner 116 is also raised and lowered in conjunction with the raising and lowering operation of the ceiling. As the fixing means, for example, it is conceivable to use a band-shaped mounting bracket 133 as shown in FIG. The air conditioner 116 is connected to an air conditioner duct 130 provided in the vicinity of the gantry 70 via an elastic flexible duct 131 and a branch duct 132. The air conditioner duct 130 may be connected to the outlet of the duct 34a extending from the air conditioner 34 or may take air from another air generation source.
At a predetermined position slightly above the air conditioner 116, a large number of jet outlets 135a and 135b are provided in two staggered upper and lower stages. Then, from the lower side of the ejection port 135a, toward the cultivated plants P are planted in the cultivation bed 40, the temperature, humidity, CO ₂ air density and the like are adjusted is ejected.

Also, as shown in FIG. 8, air with adjusted temperature, humidity, CO ₂ concentration and the like is ejected from the upper ejection port 135b toward the artificial light source 80 as well. Thereby, the heat generated from the artificial light source 80 can be removed, and the temperature of the upper space of the cultivation bed 40 can be kept low. Although it varies depending on the type of plant, the ideal temperature for growing the cultivated plant P is approximately 15 ° C. to 20 ° C. On the other hand, the distance between the artificial light source 80 and the cultivated plant P is as short as about 10 cm to 20 cm, and the vicinity of the artificial light source 80 is as high as about 60 ° C. Becomes hot. Furthermore, since the cultivation bed 40 of the present invention is composed of a plurality of upper and lower stages, and the heat generated from the lower artificial light source 80 rises, the periphery of the upper cultivation bed 40 becomes higher in temperature. If the cultivation bed is composed of five stages, when the temperature around the cultivation bed 40 at the lowermost stage and the uppermost cultivation bed 40 is compared, the uppermost stage is as high as about 10 ° C.
If the air conditioner 116 is also raised and lowered in conjunction with the raising and lowering operation of the ceiling 115, the upper jet port 135 b is always at about 15 ° C. toward the artificial light source 80 regardless of the vertical position of the ceiling 115. Cold air is ejected. Thereby, the heat stagnating near or directly below the artificial light source 80 is diffused, and the artificial light source 80 itself is also cooled, so that the increase in the temperature around the cultivation bed (particularly the upper space) can be more reliably suppressed. It is possible to prevent an adverse effect on the growth of the plant.

In addition, you may provide the sensor which measures the temperature etc. of the upper space of the cultivation bed 40 for every step. The growth bed 40 tends to become higher in temperature as the upper stage is heated by the heat of the lower stage growth light source 80 being increased. Therefore, if the temperature is measured for each stage of the cultivation bed 40 and a larger amount of air or cold air is ejected as the stage becomes higher, the temperature around the cultivation bed 40 of each stage can be kept constant. Become. Further, when nozzles are used as the jet outlets 135a and 135b, the jetted air can be easily dispersed, and the number of the jet outlets 135a and 135b can be reduced.

Moreover, as shown in FIG. 8, the recessed part 123 which has the inclined wall surfaces 122 and 122 is formed in two rows on the lower surface of the ceiling part 115 in substantially parallel with the long side in the left-right width substantially equal to the cultivation bed 40. It may be done. And the artificial light source 80 is arrange | positioned in this recessed part 123, and the said inclined wall surface 122 is good also as being formed with the material which has reflectivity. The inclination angle of the inclined wall surface 122 can be appropriately set according to the direction in which the light from the artificial light source 80 is desired to be reflected, but is preferably approximately 30 to 45 degrees. With such a configuration, even in a narrow space, the light from the artificial light source 80 can be distributed to the cultivated plant P very efficiently without being diffused. For example, when a fluorescent lamp is used as the artificial light source 80, the amount of light increases from about 1.3 times to 1.4 times. In addition, according to the structure of the ceiling 115, the heat in the recess 123 is easily escaped by being cooled by the devised air conditioner, so that the air conditioning load is also reduced.

A third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The third embodiment relates to overall monitoring and overall operation of the plant cultivation plant 1 and the plant cultivation system 2, and further relates to remote overall monitoring and overall operation. 11 is a system monitoring screen displayed on the monitor, FIGS. 12A to 12H are predetermined screens displayed on the monitor when the monitor operation is performed, and FIG. 19 relates to the overall monitoring operation of the system. FIG. 20 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a computer, and FIG. 20 is a flowchart showing a predetermined remote operation procedure of the system.
The plant cultivation plant 1 and the plant cultivation system 2 of the present invention are all controlled by a computer installed in the machine room 12, and the overall monitoring and overall operation are performed by a small monitor installed in the management room 15 or in the vicinity thereof. It is possible. As shown in FIG. 19, the computer is mainly used for cultivation of plants such as switching between automatic mode and manual mode, opening and closing various valves in manual mode, amount of nutrient solution to be introduced, temperature, amount of illumination, etc. An input device 301 for inputting related data, a data processing device 302 including a CPU for processing and executing the input data, data related to cultivation of plants currently selected and input, and breeding Data storage device 303 for storing environmental data such as the amount and temperature of the nutrient solution most suitable for each type of vegetable to be used, the amount of lighting, etc., and the opening and closing of various valves, the amount and temperature of the nutrient solution, and the outdoor temperature And a display device 304 for displaying the status of the plant cultivation system in operation, such as humidity and humidity. In this embodiment, a touch panel type small monitor is employed for the input device 301 and the display device 304.
A small monitor normally displays an “overall monitoring screen” for monitoring the entire system as shown in FIG. In this screen, mainly the temperature of the cultivation bed 40 at each stage, the temperature of the supply tank 44, the temperature of the return liquid tank 45, the temperature of the nutrient solution before and after passing through the heat pump chiller 68, the indoor and outdoor temperature and humidity, etc. Important information for operating the cultivation system 2 can be confirmed.
The small monitor is a touch panel type, and various system operations are possible by touching the screen. For example, the plant cultivation system can be switched between an automatic mode and a manual mode, and the environment most suitable for the cultivation of plants in the plant cultivation plant 1 is maintained by normally setting the automatic mode. Also, because different plants are cultivated for each cultivated bed, if you want to set different temperature and humidity settings for each tier, or if there is a problem in cultivating plants in automatic mode for some reason, switch to manual mode. As a result, it is possible to individually perform inconvenient system operations.

Furthermore, the most suitable amount of nutrient solution and amount of illumination for each type of plant to be cultivated in advance, each setting such as temperature and humidity of air blown from the air conditioner is stored in the data storage device 303 of the computer, By reading specific setting data, each setting stored in advance can be selectively reproduced. And if it is set as automatic mode, even if a human does not operate a system, the apparatus and apparatus which comprise a plant cultivation system will be automatically controlled as the setting data memorize | stored beforehand, and the selected setting will be maintained. . Thereby, setting data suitable for the plant to be cultivated is selected, and then the automatic mode is set, so that an environment suitable for the plant is maintained without human intervention.

Hereinafter, an example of an operation method of the plant cultivation system 2 using a small monitor will be described with reference to FIGS. 11, 12A to 12C, FIG. 12F, and FIG. Here, supply or stop of the nutrient solution to the predetermined cultivation bed 40 is performed manually. First, it is confirmed whether or not the screen currently displayed on the monitor is an “overall monitoring screen” (FIG. 11) (S1). If it is not the “entire monitoring screen”, it is checked whether it is a “main menu screen” (FIG. 12A) (S2, S3). If it is the “main menu screen”, the “monitoring screen” button is selected from the selection buttons and input (S4, S5). Input is easily performed by touching the screen with a finger. If it is not the “main menu screen”, the “monitor” button is selected from various panel buttons at the bottom of the screen and input (S4, S6). Thereby, the “monitoring menu” screen (FIG. 12F) is displayed (S7). Subsequently, the “overall monitoring screen 1” button is selected and input on the “monitoring menu” screen (S8). Thereby, the “overall monitoring screen” (FIG. 11) is displayed (S9).
Next, on the “overall monitoring screen”, the open / close state of the valve of the growth tray 1 is confirmed (S10). If the valve is closed, the current mode is confirmed (S11, S12). If "automatic mode" is selected, the "manual mode" button is selected and entered (S13, S14). Thereby, it becomes possible to manually control the plant cultivation system, and it is possible to manually determine the opening and closing of the valves of the growth tray 1 (S15).
Furthermore, in the “overall monitoring screen” (FIG. 11), the “main menu screen” (FIG. 12A) is displayed by selecting and inputting the “main menu” button from the various lower panel buttons (S16, S17). ). Subsequently, when operating each system, the “driving operation menu” screen (FIG. 12B) is displayed by selecting and inputting the “driving operation screen” button on the “main menu screen” (S18, S18). S19). Subsequently, by selecting and inputting the “valve manual operation (tray 1)” button, the “manual operation (growing 1 tray valve)” screen (FIG. 12C) is displayed (S20, S21). And on this screen, it becomes possible to open and close the solenoid valve for supplying or stopping the nutrient solution A to the predetermined cultivation bed, and the purpose is achieved by selecting and inputting the “open” button at the location where the valve is to be opened. (S22, S23).
Since the solenoid valve can be opened and closed for each stage of the cultivation bed, it is possible to perform control such that the first stage supplies the nutrient solution A and the second stage stops the supply. It should be noted that pressing the “Main Menu” button from the various panel buttons on the lower side of the various screens returns to the “Main Menu Screen”.

In addition to operation operations such as manual operation of the ventilation / air supply system and manual operation of each tank and lighting, the temperature setting and CO ₂ concentration setting can be made by proceeding to the predetermined screen from the “setting menu” screen (FIG. 12E). In addition, crop management settings and the like are possible, and by proceeding to a predetermined screen from the “monitoring menu” screen (FIG. 12F), it is possible to monitor power, monitor CO ₂ , confirm the previous month's results, and the like. Further, the operation history and the failure history can be confirmed by proceeding to the predetermined screen from the “history menu” screen (FIG. 12G), and the time of day can be confirmed by proceeding to the predetermined screen from the “manager menu” screen (FIG. 12H). Modifications and device status can be confirmed. For example, by following the “main menu screen” (FIG. 12A), “setting screen” and “growth room / shelf temperature setting”, the “growth room / shelf temperature setting” screen of FIG. 12D is displayed. On this screen, the temperature of the growing room, the temperature of the growing shelf, and the like can be adjusted.
The plant cultivation plant 1 and the plant cultivation system 2 are controlled by a computer, and the operating state of the system can be monitored by a monitor, and the system can be operated on the monitor, so that the situation inside the growing room 10 can be easily performed on the monitor. Since various valves, tanks, and lighting devices can be operated on the monitor without entering the growing room 10, the human burden is reduced when growing plants.

In addition, by connecting a computer for controlling the plant cultivation plant 1 and the plant cultivation system 2 to a network line such as an internet line or a dedicated line, a terminal such as a personal computer, a PDA, or a mobile phone connected to these lines. Can be monitored and operated. A terminal having a monitor screen is preferably used, and various operations can be easily performed by displaying the same screen as that displayed on a small monitor installed in the management room 15 or the like on the monitor of the terminal. In this case, even if the terminal is not a touch panel type, if the terminal includes a cross button or a determination button, various operations can be performed by selecting and determining an icon on the screen using these buttons.
With such a configuration, the entire plant cultivation plant 1 and the plant cultivation system 2 can be monitored and operated remotely from a separate room inside the building or a facility outside the building, and the vicinity of the growing room 10, the machine room 12, and the management room 15, The plant can be continuously cultivated even if a person is not resident in the building where the plant cultivation plant is installed. In addition, when an abnormality occurs in the plant cultivation system, the abnormality can be detected through the terminal, and the plant cultivation system can be operated on the spot by the terminal. Can do.

A fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The fourth embodiment is intended to provide a household plant cultivation apparatus. 14 and 15 are views showing a plant cultivation apparatus 201 according to the fourth embodiment, FIG. 14 is a perspective view, and FIG. 15 is a schematic view showing an overall configuration. FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating the cultivation bed 210 of the plant cultivation apparatus 201, and FIGS. 17 and 18 are diagrams illustrating the ceiling portion 215 and the air conditioner 216 of the plant cultivation apparatus 201.

As shown in FIGS. 14 and 15, the plant cultivation apparatus 201 has a box 202 that can be moved as a whole in a rectangular parallelepiped shape (left and right 950 mm × depth 600 mm × height 2100 mm), and required inside the box 202. Equipment is stored. As a necessary power source, a household power source 200V or the like is used.
As shown in FIG. 14, the box 202 is covered with a heat insulating panel 203, and a large opening / closing door 204 is provided on most of the front surface. The open / close door 204 is fitted with a multi-layer glass 205 through which a cultivated plant P to be planted on a cultivation bed 210 (described later) inside the box 202 can be seen. With such a configuration, the thermal load can be reduced and efficient production becomes possible. Moreover, the growth status etc. of the cultivated plant P can be easily confirmed, and it is possible to cultivate while having fun.

Instead of the multi-layer glass 205, other materials can be used. However, the multi-layer glass 205 is a preferable material because it has heat insulation properties and excellent transparency. Among these, low-radiation glass (Low-E glass) formed by pasting a predetermined metal film on the glass surface of the air layer is suitable because it exhibits extremely high heat insulating properties or heat shielding properties.

As shown in FIG. 15, a cultivation bed 210, a refrigeration unit 211, and a nutrient solution unit 212 are mainly stored inside the box 202. The refrigeration unit 211 and the nutrient solution unit 212 are disposed at the uppermost and lowermost stages of the box 202, respectively, and the cultivation bed 210 is disposed across a plurality of upper and lower stages in the middle. Above each cultivation bed 210, a ceiling 215 and an air conditioner 216 are disposed.
As already described in Example 1, the cultivation bed 210 is arranged separately for growing and for raising seedlings, and the seedlings grown for a predetermined period for raising seedlings are transferred to growing, and then grown as cultivated plants P. You may make it do.
The box 202 has a structure that can be hermetically sealed, and the internal temperature, humidity, and the like are constant for optimum growth of the cultivated plant P throughout the year by the refrigeration unit 211 that is appropriately provided with the air supply fan 211a and the suction port 211b. The range is adjusted. When the suction port 211b is provided at a position as shown in FIG. 15, the warm air inside the box 202 rises, so that the air can be easily circulated.

As shown in FIG. 15, the nutrient solution unit 212 includes a pump 220, a tank 221, a filter 222, a sterilizer 223, and the like, and circulates and supplies the nutrient solution A to each cultivation bed 210.
The nutrient solution A stored in the tank 221 is pumped up by the pump 220 and supplied to each cultivation bed 210 through the liquid supply pipe 225. As the nutrient solution A, a solution obtained by diluting liquid fertilizer is used. The nutrient solution A discharged from each cultivation bed 210 is again collected in the tank 221 through the drainage pipe 226. Between the drainage pipe 226 and the tank 221, a filter 222 made of a filter and a sterilizer 223 using ozone, ultraviolet light or the like are interposed so that sludge, dust, and the like are removed. .
If necessary, an electromagnetic valve, a check valve for preventing backflow, and a discharge means for discharging the liquid as it is when not reused may be provided at various places.

Also, the tank 221 can be provided with an automatic management means for holding the concentration, volume and temperature of the nutrient solution A at a constant value by a sensor or the like. However, in order to prevent the apparatus from becoming excessive, the provision of such means may be omitted, and the nutrient solution A may be replaced with a new one periodically (for example, every two months).

The cultivation bed 210 is arranged and held substantially horizontally, for example, by a gantry (not shown) rigidly configured in a rectangular parallelepiped frame shape. The number of stages of the cultivation bed 210 varies depending on the installation location, the type of plant, and the like, but is preferably about 3 to 5 stages from the viewpoint of space saving and production efficiency.

Each of the cultivation beds 210 has a rectangular plate shape (about 850 mm × 450 mm × 90 mm) as shown in FIGS. 16 (a) and 16 (b), and a predetermined position on the upper open box type cultivation tank 230 and the cultivation tank 230. It is comprised from the planting panel 231 fitted by.
Between the bottom surface 230a of the cultivation tank 230 and the planting panel 231, the flow path 233 of the nutrient solution A is formed (FIG. 16C). And the nutrient solution A supplied from the liquid supply pipe 225 via the branch pipe 225a flows into the cultivation bed 210 from the liquid supply port 225c of the liquid supply part 225b, and continuously passes through this flow path 233, A drainage port 226b drilled at a predetermined position on the side surface of the cultivation tank 230 and a branch pipe 226a connected to the drainage port 226b are discharged and discharged to the drainage tube 226.

The planting panel 231 is provided with a number of pot receiving holes 231a that support the pot 235 for placing the cultivated plant P in a planted state at appropriate intervals. As shown in FIG. 16 (c), the pot receiving hole 231a has a shape that communicates vertically with a narrowed bottom. On the other hand, the pot 235 has a shape corresponding to the pot receiving hole 231a and an open bottom, and accommodates the seedling of the cultivated plant P together with the cultivated soil. The plant root P ′ of the cultivated plant P is disposed so as to penetrate the pot 235 and be exposed below the planting panel 231.

The nutrient solution A is electromagnetically controlled so as to intermittently flow into the flow path 233 via a motor (not shown) connected to the pump 220 of the nutrient solution unit 212. The supply of the nutrient solution A is stopped at regular intervals, and the growth of the cultivated plant P can be further promoted by alternately contacting the nutrient solution A and air with the plant root P ′. Therefore, it is more preferable to provide a large number of through holes for taking air into the planting panel 231 or to form the planting panel 231 itself in a mesh shape.

Moreover, in the cultivation bed 210, as shown to Fig.16 (a) (b), the adjustment board 237 and the weir board 238 are standingly arranged by the bottom face 230a of the cultivation tank 230, These adjustment board 237 and a weir board are arranged. The planting panel 231 is fitted between the two. The dam plate 238 is formed on the downstream side of the flow path 233 in the cultivation tank 230, and when the nutrient solution A reaches a predetermined amount, the dam plate 238 flows over the dam plate 238 to the drainage port 226b. Yes. The lower part of the adjusting plate 237 is configured to be cut out in a horizontally long shape, and the nutrient solution A flowing down from the liquid supply port 225 c flows into the flow path 233. As a result, the inside of the flow path 233 is almost completely filled with the nutrient solution A, and the plant root P ′ exposed toward the channel 233 comes into contact with the nutrient solution A passing through the channel 233, so that the nutrients in the nutrient solution A It is made to be able to absorb enough.

A small hole 239 is provided at an appropriate position below the barrier plate 238 (FIGS. 16A and 16B), and when the supply of the nutrient solution A is stopped, the nutrient solution in the flow path 233 is provided. All of A can be discharged to the drainage pipe 226. By discharging the nutrient solution A and allowing the plant root P 'to come into contact with air, the plant root P' is stimulated and actively sucks the nutrient solution A that flows in next. Thereby, the growth of the cultivated plant P is promoted.

As the cultivated plant P, various types of plants such as vegetables and fruits are targeted. In particular, since the nutrient solution A in the flow path 233 is always kept fresh, yam or ginger can be suitably employed in the future.

17 and 18, a ceiling portion 215 having an artificial light source 240 for irradiating the cultivated plant P is disposed above each cultivation bed 210. The ceiling part 215 has the same area as the cultivation bed 210 and is configured to be movable up and down with respect to the cultivation bed 210 via manual or automatic traveling means. In the present embodiment, a driving unit 218 is employed on the upper side of the ceiling 215 as a traveling means (see FIG. 17). The mechanism of this drive unit is the mechanism comprising the shaft bolt, the pair of left and right arms, the driven portion, the screwing portion, the suspension member, and the operation handle, as already described in the first embodiment, or the shaft bolt, the inner pulley, and the outer pulley. , A mechanism including a screwing portion, a suspension member, and an operation handle is miniaturized. Thereby, the ceiling part 215 becomes movable up and down with respect to the cultivation bed 210.

The ceiling part 215 and the artificial light source 240 are moved up and down as the cultivated plant P grows. If the intensity or amount of light is insufficient, the growth of the cultivated plant P is delayed. Conversely, if it is excessive, the cultivated plant P is burned. According to the ceiling part 215, it is easy to keep the distance between the artificial light source 240 and the cultivated plant P always appropriate (usually about 10 to 20 cm), and the growth of the cultivated plant P can be promoted. Become.

As the artificial light source 240, a fluorescent lamp, a cold cathode lamp, an LED, or the like can be used alone or in combination so that the wavelength range is preferable for the growth of the cultivated plant P. In particular, LEDs are suitable because they have a low temperature rise and excellent durability.

On the lower surface of the ceiling portion 215, as already described in the second embodiment, the inclined wall surface 242 and the concave portion 243 are formed in two rows with a lateral width substantially equal to the cultivation bed 210 and substantially parallel to the long side. (See FIG. 18).

As shown in FIGS. 17 and 18, each cultivation bed 210 includes an air conditioner 216 on the rear side. The air conditioner 216 forms a cylindrical body having an overall length substantially corresponding to the left and right width of the cultivation bed 210, and extends to the duct 250 extending downward from the air supply fan 211 a via the flexible duct 251 and the branch duct 252 that can be expanded and contracted. It is connected.
The air conditioner 216 is fixed to the rear end of the ceiling portion 215 using a band-shaped mounting bracket 253, and is moved up and down in conjunction with the artificial light source 240 disposed on the ceiling portion 215. Yes.

As shown in FIG. 17 and FIG. 18, a large number of spouts 255 a and 255 b are provided in two staggered upper and lower stages at a predetermined position of the air conditioner 216, and from the lower spout 255 a to the cultivation bed 210. Air whose temperature, humidity, CO ₂ concentration and the like are adjusted is spouted toward the cultivated plant P to be planted and toward the artificial light source 240 from the upper spout 255b. Thereby, as described in the second embodiment, it is possible to remove the heat of the artificial light source 240 and reliably prevent an adverse effect on the growth of the cultivated plant P.
In addition, the box 202 is appropriately provided with a sensor or the like for detecting the internal temperature or the like.
Note that the refrigeration unit 211 (FIG. 15) is appropriately connected to the outside air so that CO ₂ can be taken in from the outside of the box 202. A small cylinder filled with CO ₂ gas may be used by being detachably mounted. Further, when nozzles are used as the jet outlets 255a and 255b, the jetted air can be easily dispersed, and the number of the jet outlets 255a and 255b can be reduced.

As described above, according to the plant cultivation apparatus 201 as described above, since it is constituted by the compact box 202, it is easy to install and move, and is suitable for use in ordinary households. In addition, since the cultivation bed 210 has a predetermined configuration in which the cultivation bed 210 is arranged and held in a plurality of upper and lower stages and substantially horizontally, the planting posture of the cultivation plant P is not unreasonable, regardless of the type of plant. Can be cultivated.

In the plant cultivation device 201, the nutrient solution A supplied to the flow path 233 of the cultivation bed 210 is discharged through the flow path 233, circulated and reused after passing through the filter 222 and the sterilizer 223. Therefore, a constant fresh nutrient solution A can always be supplied to the cultivated plant P, and there is a low possibility that germs and the like will propagate in the flow path 233 of the cultivation tank 230. Further, in combination with a predetermined configuration such as the ceiling 215 having the artificial light source 240 and the air conditioner 216, the growth of the cultivated plant P can be promoted and the cultivation can be performed efficiently.

In addition, it is needless to say that the description of each of the above embodiments does not limit the present invention, and various design changes can be made without departing from the gist of the present invention.

The present invention provides a plant cultivation system and a plant cultivation plant that can be widely applied to various types of plants and that can suppress the propagation of germs and the like, promote the growth of plants and efficiently cultivate them. And has industrial applicability.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Plant cultivation plant 2 Plant cultivation system 10 Raising room 11 Raising room 12 Machine room 18 Roof 19 Outer wall body 20 Rooftop greening 30 Raising shelf 31 Raising rack 34, 35 Air conditioner 40 Growing bed 44 Supply tank 45 Return liquid tank 47 Filtration device 48 Sterilizer 55 Ozone generator 57 Liquid concentration sensor 58 Liquid position sensor 59 Liquid temperature sensor 72 Cultivation tank 73 Planting panel 73a Planting panel for seedling 73b Planting panel for breeding 76 Channel 79, 79a, 79b Pot receiving hole 80 Artificial Light source 81 Traveling device 84 Air conditioner 85 Air outlet 86 Exhaust fan 87 Air passage 91 Overflow weir 92 Small hole 100 Axle bolt 101a, 101b Arm 107a, 107b Inner pulley 108a, 108b Outer pulley 110 Hanging member 115 Ceiling 11 Drive unit 201 Plant cultivation device 202 Box 203 Heat insulation panel 204 Opening / closing door 205 Double layer glass 210 Cultivation bed 211 Refrigeration unit 212 Nutrient unit 215 Ceiling part 216 Air conditioner 218 Drive part 225 Supply pipe 226 Drainage pipe 230 Cultivation tank 230a Bottom surface 231 Planting panel 233 Flow path 240 Artificial light source 242 Inclined wall surface 243 Concavity 250 Duct 301 Input device 302 Data processing device 303 Data storage device 304 Display device A Nutrient solution P Cultivation plant P ′ Plant root

Claims (15)

1. A cultivation bed in which cultivated plants are planted and arranged and held in a plurality of upper and lower tiers and substantially horizontally,
   An artificial light source provided above each cultivation bed and moved up and down according to the growth of cultivated plants,
   An air conditioner that has a blower opening or a blower fan and that sequentially sends air adjusted in temperature, humidity, CO ₂ concentration, etc., to an air passage formed from one side to the other side of each cultivation bed. A plant cultivation system,
   The cultivation bed is fitted to the upper open box type cultivation tank and the upper part of the cultivation tank, and forms a nutrient solution flow path between the cultivation tank and the plant root toward the flow path. It is composed of a planting panel in which the cultivated plant is planted so that the
   The nutrient solution supplied to the cultivation bed is circulated and reused after passing through the flow path continuously and discharged, and the nutrient solution flows intermittently into the flow channel. A controlled plant cultivation system.
2. While storing the nutrient solution supplied to the cultivation bed, a supply tank having automatic management means capable of maintaining the concentration, volume, and temperature of the nutrient solution at a constant value;
   A return liquid tank for collecting the nutrient solution discharged from the cultivation bed;
   A filtration device interposed between the supply tank and the return liquid tank, for filtering and sterilizing the nutrient solution transferred from the return liquid tank to the supply tank, and a sterilization device including an ozone generator; The plant cultivation system according to claim 1 provided.
3. It is provided in the upper part in parallel with the cultivation bed, and has a ceiling part having the same area as the cultivation bed,
   The ceiling is moved up and down according to the growth of cultivated plants,
   The plant cultivation system according to claim 1, wherein the artificial light source is provided on the ceiling.
4. The air conditioner is moved up and down in conjunction with the artificial light source,
   The plant cultivation according to claim 3, further comprising a spout for blowing out air whose temperature, humidity, CO ₂ concentration and the like are adjusted toward the cultivated plant planted on the cultivation bed and the artificial light source. system.
5. An overflow weir with an open upper space is formed on the downstream side of the flow path,
   The lower portion of the overflow weir is provided with a small hole for discharging all of the nutrient solution in the flow path when the supply of the nutrient solution is stopped. A plant cultivation system according to crab.
6. A planting panel comprising a rectangular plate having a number of holes on the surface and legs for supporting the rectangular plate from the ground,
   2. The planting panel in which the hole has an inverted truncated cone shape that is open on both the upper and lower sides, and the lower end is suspended so as to be positioned approximately in the middle of the height of the planting panel. The plant cultivation system in any one of Claim 5.
7. Display means for displaying the operating status of the plant cultivation system;
   Monitoring means capable of monitoring the operating state of the devices and devices constituting the plant cultivation system;
   By providing an operation means capable of operating the equipment and apparatus constituting the plant cultivation system,
   The plant cultivation system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the entire apparatus and apparatus constituting the plant cultivation system can be monitored and operated.
8. Input means for inputting control data related to plant cultivation such as switching between automatic mode and manual mode, opening and closing of various valves, amount and temperature of nutrient solution to be introduced, indoor and outdoor temperature and humidity, amount of lighting, and the like ,
   Storage means for storing setting data such as the amount of nutrient solution and the amount of illumination most suitable for each kind of plant to be cultivated in advance;
   Reading means for reading the setting data relating to a predetermined plant stored in advance;
   After reading the setting data, by selecting an automatic mode, automatic control means for automatically controlling the devices and devices constituting the plant cultivation system according to the setting data stored in advance,
   By selecting the manual mode, by providing an operation means capable of operating the equipment and apparatus constituting the plant cultivation system,
   8. The plant cultivation system according to claim 7, wherein the overall monitoring, operation, and automatic control of devices and apparatuses constituting the plant cultivation system are enabled.
9. By connecting the plant cultivation system to a network line and connecting a remote terminal to the network line, it is possible to remotely monitor and operate the devices and apparatuses constituting the plant cultivation system remotely using the terminal. The plant cultivation system according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the plant cultivation system is characterized.
10. A plant cultivation system according to any one of claims 1 to 9 is provided,
    A plant cultivation plant in which sunlight is blocked and covered with a heat-insulating roof and an outer wall, and the roof is greened.
11. A plant cultivation apparatus for home use that has a box that can be moved, and the required equipment is stored inside the box,
    Cultivated plants are planted, a plurality of upper and lower tiers, a cultivation bed that is arranged and held substantially horizontally, and an artificial light source provided above each cultivation bed and moved up and down according to the growth of the cultivated plants, ,
    Towards cultivated plants and the artificial light source is planted in the cultivation bed, and a conditioning device having a temperature, CO ₂ blows air density and the like are adjusted spout,
    The cultivation bed is fitted to the upper open box type cultivation tank and the upper part of the cultivation tank, and forms a nutrient solution channel between the cultivation tank and the plant toward the channel. It is composed of a planting panel in which the roots are exposed and the cultivated plant is planted,
    The nutrient solution supplied to the cultivation bed is circulated and reused after being discharged through the channel, and the nutrient solution is controlled to intermittently flow into the channel. Plant cultivation equipment for home use.
12. It is provided in the upper part in parallel with the cultivation bed, and has a ceiling part having the same area as the cultivation bed,
    The ceiling is moved up and down according to the growth of cultivated plants,
    The artificial light source is provided on the ceiling,
    12. The household plant cultivation apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the air conditioner is moved up and down in conjunction with the artificial light source.
13. A drive unit for suspending the ceiling part is provided above each ceiling part,
    The drive unit is
    A shaft bolt provided extending forward and backward,
    A pair of left and right screwed to form a rhombus shape in plan view on the shaft bolt, each having an arm formed in a rotatable U-shape,
    The household according to claim 12, wherein the ceiling part can be moved up and down via a suspension member connected to the arm by expanding and contracting the arm in the left-right direction as the shaft bolt rotates. Plant growing equipment.
14. The household plant cultivation apparatus according to claim 12 or 13, wherein a concave portion having a reflective inclined wall surface is formed in the ceiling portion, and the artificial light source is disposed in the concave portion.
15. The box is covered with a heat-insulating panel, and an opening / closing door fitted with a multi-layer glass that allows a cultivated plant to be planted in the cultivation bed inside is provided on most of the front of the box. The household plant cultivation apparatus according to any one of claims 11 to 14.

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