WO2010025917A2

WO2010025917A2 - Mast

Info

Publication number: WO2010025917A2
Application number: PCT/EP2009/006391
Authority: WO
Inventors: Martin Friz
Original assignee: Martin Friz
Priority date: 2008-09-03
Filing date: 2009-09-03
Publication date: 2010-03-11
Also published as: DE102008046601A1; WO2010025917A3

Abstract

A mast (14), which is suitable particularly for supporting the nacelle of a wind turbine, has a circumferential wall, which comprises honeycomb rings (28) placed axially behind each other. Each honeycomb ring (28), in turn, comprises a two-layer tube bundle. The honeycomb rings (28) are mechanically connected to each other by connecting rings (30), which carry connecting sleeves working together with the openings of the honeycomb rings (28).

Description

mast

The invention relates to a mast, in particular for carrying the nacelle of a wind power machine according to the preamble of claim 1.

Such masts, which are welded from steel plates or include round tube material, are used variously, for. B. for carrying the nacelle of wind turbines, for carrying floodlights in stadiums, etc.

These masts have a considerable length and weight in practice, making transport on the public roads difficult.

By the present invention, a mast to be created, which consists of lightweight items that are then assembled at the site to the mast.

This object is achieved by a mast with the features specified in claim 1.

An inventive mast has a honeycomb structure of its peripheral wall, which is formed by parallel tubes.

Advantageous developments of the invention are specified in subclaims.

The development of the invention according to claim 2 is in view of a high bending strength of the mast on advantage. In the mast according to claim 3, the individual tubes can be arranged very close to each other. The round cross-section tubes can also be handled very easily. When assembling the tubes to the tube bundle, it is not necessary to pay attention to the orientation of the individual tubes and it is possible to use the proven methods for producing tubes for the production of the tubes. Also, the individual tubes have no sharply curved surface sections where fatigue fractures may occur.

The development of the invention according to claim 4 is again in view of particularly high bending stiffness of the mast advantageous.

Even with the developments of the invention according to claims 5 and 6 can be achieved a high packing density of the tubes. The diameters of the tubes and the pitch circles on which the tubes are arranged are matched to each other so that in each circle of tubes one has an integral plurality of tubes so that each layer of tubes is closed.

The development of the invention according to claim 7 is in view of high stability of the mast of advantage, wherein the weight of the tower increasing material does not have to be transported as part of the mast, but rather as flowable or pourable material is supplied to the construction site and only there is introduced into the tubes.

In a mast according to claim 8 one can use the unfilled tubes as channels, which can serve for laying cables. The tubes, which according to the invention form a mast, can in principle be extruded locally, so that the tube material can also be supplied as bulk material. Alternatively, you can also produce the pipes in the factory, which is then preferably produced according to claim 9 pipe segments, the length of which still allows easy transport on public roads. Also with regard to producing distortion-free pipes, it may be advantageous not to choose the length of the pipe segments too large.

The development of the invention according to claim 10 is in view of easy handling of the pipe segments before and during assembly of the mast advantageous.

In accordance with claim 11, one can hold the ends of the tube segments axially in a very simple manner.

The same advantage is obtained according to claim 12 with respect to a holding together the pipe segments of a pipe ring in the radial and / or circumferential direction.

The development of the invention according to claim 13 is in terms of particularly simple alignment of the pipe segments advantageous.

In a mast according to claim 14, the connecting parts have a particularly high strength.

If one uses the connecting parts specified in claim 15, it is also possible to assemble tubes from straight tube segments which are somewhat curved. Curved pipe sections are advantageous, for example, with regard to the manufacture of masts whose base widens is to increase the stability or to achieve a pleasing appearance.

According to claim 16 can be joined together overlapping elements. The connecting elements can thus be chosen to be small, but still form a highly loadable structure. With the development according to claim 16 it is also ensured that the plate parts of the connecting elements also have the same thickness at the ends of the latter.

The development of the invention according to claim 17 is in view of the transmission of high forces parallel to the plate member level of advantage.

The development of the invention according to claim 18 is advantageous in terms of low weight of the tubes, which is advantageous in terms of transport over the public roads, but also brings a high toughness and load capacity of the mast.

The development of the invention according to claim 19 is in view of high load capacity of the mast advantageous.

The development of the invention according to claim 20 may be advantageous in terms of improving the stability of the lower mast end, in view of a good tilt-free carrying a heavy load through the upper end of the mast and in view of the appearance of the mast.

A mast, which is designed according to claim 21, remains unchanged even after many years of use in its mechanical properties. The use of plastic for the wall of a mast is in itself also with regard to it is advantageous that such a mast does not have to be deleted.

A mast according to claim 22 combines the mechanical advantages of a mast, whose wall is formed by a tube bundle, with the advantages of a conventional mast with respect to a smooth outer surface. The latter may be advantageous in terms of avoiding soiling and smooth flow around the mast.

In this case, one obtains according to claim 23 a particularly secure fit of the outer lining on the tube bundle.

The development of the invention according to claim 24 is in view of interest to assemble the outer lining of parts, each having small dimensions.

The development of the invention according to claim 25 is in terms of secure fit of the outer lining on the tube bundle of advantage. In addition, the clamping means can also contribute to the strength of the tube bundle.

A mast according to claim 26 also has a smooth inner surface.

In this case, the development of the invention according to claim 27 again in terms of advantage from the Innenverklei- düng composed of pieces with small dimensions.

The invention will be explained in more detail by means of embodiments with reference to the drawing:

In this show: - S -

Figure 1 is a side view of a wind power machine;

FIG. 2 shows an enlarged perspective view of the mast of FIG. 1, in which its construction of honeycomb rings lying one behind the other is recognizable;

Figure 3 is a perspective view of a honeycomb ring;

Figure 4 is a perspective view of a connecting part, as used for connecting axially behind one another lying honeycomb rings;

Figure 5 is an illustration of two honeycomb rings, one of which is partially equipped with connecting elements;

FIG. 6 shows an axial plan view of a part of a modified connecting element ring;

Figure 7 is a perspective view of two by a

Connecting element-wreath held together honeycomb rings;

8 shows an axial section through a part of a

Connecting element and ends of pipe segments which are fixed on this part of the connecting element;

Figure 9 is a perspective view of a modified unit for connecting pipe segments;

FIG. 10 shows a transverse section through a part of a modified mast which is connected to an outer mast. Covering and an interior lining is provided;

FIG. 11 shows a schematic representation of the lower section of a modified mast, in which the

Tube bundle is aufgekelcht to the lower end;

Figure 12 is a schematic representation of a curved

Section of a tube constructed of pipe segments;

Figure 13 is a schematic side view of a modified wind power machine whose mast widens towards the foundation;

Figure 14 is a view similar to Figure 5, but showing a single shell tube bundle arrangement; and

FIG. 15 is an enlarged perspective view of a connecting element of FIG. 14.

FIG. 1 shows the most important parts of a wind power machine.

A foundation 12 embedded in the earth 10 carries a mast 14, which in practice may have a height of 40 to 80 meters or more. The upper end of the mast 14 carries a mounting plate 16, on which rotatably a generator 18 is seated. A generator shaft

20 carries a hub 22 of a generally designated 24 propeller with wings 26th

As can be seen from Figure 2, the mast 14 consists of axially superimposed honeycomb rings 28 through Connecting rings 30 are held together. The honeycomb rings 28 each have an axial length of 10 to 20 meters in practice and in turn consist of two rings to each other radially and circumferentially fitting pipe segments 32, 34th

In the second lowest honeycomb ring 28, a door 36 is provided, through which the interior of the mast 14 is accessible. The door 36 is accessible via a ladder or stairs 38 which is removable.

The arrangement of the tube segments 32 and 34 is clearly visible in FIG. The outer tube segments 32 are arranged on a larger circle than the inner tube segments 34, and the number of tube segments 32 is equal to the tube segments 34. Thus, an inner tube segment 34 is located in each of the channel, which is formed by two adjacent tube segments 32. The diameter of the pipe segments 34 is selected so that they also abut against each other without play in the circumferential direction.

The tube segments 32, 34 are extruded plastic parts that can be produced on site by a granular and filler mobile extruder. However, the pipe segments 32, 34 can also be manufactured in a factory and transported on trucks to the place of use.

FIG. 4 shows a single connecting element 40, which forms the connecting ring 30 together with further identical connecting elements.

The connecting element 40 has an outer circular-arc-shaped plate portion 42 and a thereto concentric see, but offset in the circumferential direction radially inner arcuate plate portion 44. These two plate portions are fixedly connected via an obliquely extending with radially extending component plate portion 46.

The outer plate portion 42 carries three pairs in opposite directions away from him running away connecting sleeves 48, 50, the outer diameter of which can be moved into the ends of outer tube segments 32 in a press fit.

The inner plate portion 42 carries three pairs of aligned connecting sleeves 52, 54, whose outer diameter is selected so that the connecting sleeves 52, 54 are press-fitted into the smaller diameter tube segments 34 are moved.

The connecting element 40 is in each case a cast part, but can also be welded together from a plate part of corresponding shape and sleeve parts, as shown in FIG. There, the welds are designated 56.

In order to obtain well loadable welds 56, the edges of through-holes 58 of the plate sections 44, 46 and the inner edges of the ends of the tube segments 32, 34 are chamfered, as shown in FIG. Instead of separate Verbindun-ggehülsen 48, 50 and 52, 54 are continuous long sleeves used, which form the connecting sleeves with their protruding portions.

FIG. 6 shows a part of a modified connecting collar 30 ', which is composed of modified connecting elements 40'. These are different from the connecting elements 40 already described in that the plate sections 42, 44 each carry four pairs of connecting sleeves. The radial plate portion 46 is wider in the circumferential direction and extends over two circumferentially adjacent pairs of connecting sleeves.

In addition, the edges of the plate sections 42, 44, 46 are designed such that the outer side of the inner plate sections 44 in each case rest positively on the inner sides of the outer plate sections 42.

Figure 9 shows the connection of the ends of two pipe segments 32 using connecting pins 60, which have a bead 62 in the middle. The connecting pins 60 have a through-bore 64 and two transversal bores 66 lying symmetrically to their median plane, in which locking pins 68 are received, which also run through locking bores 70 which are provided in alignment in the mutually facing end sections of the tube segments 32.

Alternatively, one may use threaded locking pins instead of frictionally locking latch pins 68. You can also stick the locking pins or thermally welded by heating with the walls of the locking holes 70.

In a further modification can be according to FIG 10 a

Locking ring 30 of a bent triangular shed structure 70 build, which carries at the junctions on both sides above connecting sleeves 48, 50 and 52, 54, respectively. In the mast shown in Figure 10 on the outside of the tube bundle, an outer lining 74 is placed, which has four circumferentially offset trim segments 76, which are provided at their ends with clamping tabs 78, 80. At this grip clamp 82.

In this way, the trim segments 76 are securely held on the outside of the tube bundle.

The trim segments 76 have an inner surface 84 that is complementary to the outer surface of the tube bundle. An outer surface 86 of the trim segments 76 is smooth cylindrical. The trim segments 76 may be plastic moldings, sheet metal bent parts or solid concrete or the like.

On the inside, the tube bundle carries an inner lining 88, which is not shown in detail and may again comprise four circumferentially abutting segments, which are held together by clamping straps and clamp. The inner liner 88 has an outer surface 90 whose geometry is complementary to the inner surface of the tube bundle and an inner surface 92 which is smooth cylindrical.

If desired, one can order the trim segments

76 a circumferentially closed clamping band 94 or (axially spaced) place a plurality of such straps to clamp the panel segments fixed to the tube bundle. If the lining segments 76 are rigid, this also contributes to the mechanical strength of the tube bundle.

Figure 11 shows the lower end of a modified mast 14, which is aufgekelcht towards the base. For this purpose, it is possible to bend through continuous tubes of the tube bundle accordingly, but preferably sets in the foot of the mast, the pipe segments 32 and 34 via connecting elements

* 40 and 40 together, which are slightly wedge-shaped, as shown in Figure 12. The corresponding connecting elements then carry their connecting sleeves under larger

Circumferential distance than the above-described fasteners 40 for the main part of the mast, so that in the lower end portion of the mast receives a radial and circumferential spacing of the individual tubes.

In this case, one can choose the opening angle of the cone on which the inner tube segments 34 are smaller than the opening angle of the cone on which the tube segments 32 lie, so that the tube segments 32, 34 each form a triangular framework with their lower sections, as schematically from Figure 12 can be seen.

It is understood that the connecting sleeves 48, 50,

* 52, 54 of the modified connecting elements 40 and

* * 40 angularly tilted according to the tilting of the top surfaces of the plate sections 42, 44 against each other.

Figure 13 shows schematically a side view of a wind power machine equipped with a mast 14 which widens towards the base. It can be seen that such a mast is characterized by a particularly pleasing appearance and has a large footprint.

FIG. 14 shows the use of honeycomb rings 28 which have only a single ring of tube segments 32. To connect the honeycomb rings 28 are Verbingunselmente 40, as shown in more detail in Figure 15. Components already described above bear the same reference numerals, even if they differ in detail. The connecting elements 40 have end portions 96, 98, each having half the thickness of the plate member 42. The end portion 96 carries connecting sleeves 48, 50, while the end portion 98 to the corresponding

Having receiving openings 100, through which a Verbindugshülse 50 can be inserted in a press fit.

Shoulders 102 located at the inboard ends of end portions 96, 98 are each complementary to the free end face of the other end portion. In this way, one can assemble the connecting elements 40 into a connecting ring, which forms a smooth continuous annular plate part, which is occupied on both sides with connecting sleeves.

For some applications, it is sufficient if the mast 14 has only the above-described construction of pipes or pipe segments and connecting rings.

However, in order to increase stability, it is also possible to fill the pipes or pipe segments with a heavy material on site, e.g. with gravel, sand or concrete.

This gives a total of very resilient and stable mast, which can be brought in small dimensions and not too heavy parts on public roads to the site, where the parts are then assembled and possibly filled.

Claims

claims

A mast, in particular for supporting a wind power machine, having a wall extending in the circumferential direction, characterized in that the wall is formed by parallel tubes (32, 34).

2. Mast according to claim 1, characterized in that the tubes (32, 34) are arranged in a plurality of radial layers.

3. Mast according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the tubes (32, 34) are round.

4. Mast according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the tubes (32, 34) are tightly packed.

A mast according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the layers of tubes (32, 34) have equal numbers of tubes (32, 34) fittingly having different dimensions.

6. Mast according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the layers of tubes (32, 34) have unequal numbers of tubes having the same dimension.

Mast according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that at least in a part of the tubes

(32, 34) a heavy material is filled, in particular sand, gravel or concrete.

8. Mast according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that at least one of the tubes (32, 34) is freely continuous.

9. Mast according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that at least a part of the tubes (32, 34) consists of axially assembled tube segments (32, 34).

10. Mast according to claim 9, characterized in that at least a part of the pipe segments to a honeycomb ring

(28) is connected.

11. Mast according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the ends of the tube segments (32, 34) via connecting elements (40) are held together axially, which cooperate positively, non-positively or materially with the ends of the tube segments (32, 34) ,

12. Mast according to one of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that the ends of the pipe segments

(32, 34) are held together by means of connecting elements (40) in the radial direction and / or in the circumferential direction, which cooperate with the ends of the tube segments (30, 32) in a form-fitting, force-fitting or material-locking manner.

13. Mast according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the connecting elements (40) a plate part

(42, 44, 46) from which flanking on both sides connecting sleeves (48, 50, 52, 54) protrude.

14. Mast according to claim 13, characterized in that the connecting elements (40) are castings or welded parts.

15. Mast according to one of claims 11 to 14, characterized in that the connecting elements (40) are formed so that the pipe segments (32, 34) are connected at angular offset.

16. Mast according to one of claims 13 to 15, characterized in that the connecting elements (40)

Have end portions (96, 98) of complementary contour and vermin ^¬ derter thickness, the assembled form a flush portion of the plate member (42).

17. Mast according to claim 18, characterized in that at least a first (96) of the end portions (96, 98) carries at least one connecting sleeve (48, 50) and the second (98) of the end portions (96, 98) for each of first end portion (96) carried connecting sleeve (48, 50) has a receiving opening (100).

18. Mast according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the tubes (32, 34) or the

Pipe segments (32, 34) are made of plastic, in particular extrodiert are.

Mast according to one of claims 11 to 18, characterized in that the connecting elements (40) are fixedly connected to the ends of the tube segments (32, 34), e.g. glued, welded, pinned or screwed with these.

20. Mast according to one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that the tubes (32, 34) are curved at least in one section.

21. Mast according to one of claims 28 to 20, characterized in that the material of the plastic tube Contains UV blocker or the plastic tube (32, 34) wear a layer of UV-blocking material.

22. Mast according to one of claims 1 to 21, characterized in that the tube bundle (32, 34) by an outer lining (74) is surrounded, which has a smooth outer surface.

23. Mast according to claim 22, characterized in that the outer lining (74) has an inner surface (84) whose geometry is complementary to the outer surface of the tube bundle (32, 34).

24. Mast according to claim 22 or 23, characterized in that the outer lining (74) has a plurality of circumferential segments

(76) which are held together by fastening means (78 to 82).

25. Mast according to one of claims 22 to 24, characterized in that the outer lining (74) by clamping means (94) on the outside of the tube bundle (32, 34) is held.

26. Mast according to one of claims 1 to 25, characterized in that on the inside of the tube bundle (32, 34) an inner lining (88) is arranged, whose outer surface is complementary to the inner surface of the tube bundle (32, 34) and the inner surface in the Essentially smooth.

27. Mast according to claim 26, characterized in that the inner lining (88) comprises a plurality of circumferential segments, which are held together by fastening means.