WO2010025293A1

WO2010025293A1 - Systems for cleaning and disinfecting

Info

Publication number: WO2010025293A1
Application number: PCT/US2009/055245
Authority: WO
Inventors: Joel Ira Ivers; Jacob Griggs; Gilbert Gonzales; Roger D. Griggs; Andrew J. Schaeffer
Original assignee: Drug Enhancement Company Of America, Llc
Priority date: 2008-08-27
Filing date: 2009-08-27
Publication date: 2010-03-04

Abstract

The invention describes pads, devices, and systems in various configurations useful in connection with trauma situations, cleaning and disinfecting a variety of spaces and surfaces, as well as methods of cleaning and disinfecting such spaces and surfaces. In various embodiments, the pads have one or more layers that are impregnated with a composition and the pads can be used for, among other things, wrapping a portion of the trauma victim in the cleansing pad, imparting a cooling effect on a surface on the trauma victim, wiping gross exposure matter from a surface on the trauma victim, decontaminating a surface on the trauma victim, and affixing the cleansing pad on a surface of the trauma victim. In other embodiments, the devices for disinfecting may be used for dispersing a quantity of the cleansing composition described herein in and/or about and/or upon the surface and/or space.

Description

SYSTEMS FOR CLEANING AND DISINFECTING

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to the field of pads, devices, and systems in various configurations useful in connection with trauma situations, cleaning and disinfecting a variety of spaces and surfaces, as well as methods of cleaning and disinfecting such spaces and surfaces.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

All publications herein are incorporated by reference to the same extent as If each individual publication or patent application was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference. The following description includes information that may be useful in understanding the present invention. It is not an admission that any of the information provided herein is prior art or relevant to the presently claimed invention, or that any publication specifically or implicitly referenced is prior art. In certain instances, after exposure to pathogenic microorganisms, cleaning the exposed areas and spaces, particularly large areas with crevices, corners and many surfaces, may be difficult. Desirable in these instances is a cleansing solution that is preferably nontoxic or substantially non-toxic to mammalian subjects and humans, in particular. Thus, a system and method to disperse a non-toxic or substantially non-toxic cleansing composition with the ability to disinfect contaminated surfaces are needed in the art

Additionally, the response time is crucial to lower a trauma victim's chances of becoming infected from the exposure to pathogenic microorganisms. Options available to a medical first responder preferably include an article and method to quickly clean and treat a trauma victim. Thus, there also exists a need for such options.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Embodiments of the present invention describe a device for cleaning and/or disinfecting a surface and/or space, configured to disperse a quantity of a cleansing composition in and/or about and/or upon the surface and/or space, comprising: an explosive unit; a fluid container: and a housing, wherein the explosive unit and the fluid container are configured within the housing. ϊn certain embodiments, the explosive unit may be configured to release the cleansing composition from the fluid container to disperse the cleansing composition to a local environment upon actuation of the device. In other embodiments, the explosive unit may be configured with a charge selected from the group consisting of: a chemical explosive, a compressed gas. a two-part system in which two agents are mixed to create a sufficiently fast reaction to be considered explosive, and combinations thereof.

In various embodiments, the housing may comprise one or more release orifices in fluid communication with the fluid container. In other embodiments, the housing may be sufficiently frangible such that a detonation of the explosive unit causes the release of the cleansing composition by breaking through the housing with sufficient force to disperse the cleansing composition.

In various embodiments, the fluid container may be constructed of substantially inert and/or non-reactive material with respect to the cleansing composition.

In various embodiments, the device may further comprise a timer to control the timing of actuation of the device to allow for a time delay between activation of the device and actuation of the explosive unit. In other embodiments, the device may also comprise a receiver and/or a transmitter to enable wireless communication between the device and a remote control unit. In another embodiment, the device may further comprise a user interface to allow a user to actuate the device. In another embodiment, the device may further comprise a power source in electronic communication with one or more components of the device selected from the group consisting of a timer, a user interface, and the explosive unit.

In various embodiments, the device may further comprise the cleansing composition. In certain embodiments, the cleansing composition may comprise about 99.99% oxidized water, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and sodium chloride (NaCl).

Embodiments of the present invention also provide for a method of cleaning and/or disinfecting a surface and/or space, comprising: providing a quantity of a cleansing composition comprising about 99.99% oxidized water, sodium hypochlorite (NaOC!), hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and sodium chloride (NaCl); and dispersing the quantity of the cleansing composition in and/or about and/or upon the surface and/or space. In certain embodiments, the cleansing composition may be provided in a device configured to disperse the cleansing composition in and/or about and/or upon the surface and/or space, the device comprising: an explosive unit, a fluid container, and a housing, wherein the explosive unit and the fluid container are configured within the housing; and the method further comprises actuating the explosive unit. in certain embodiments, the explosive unit may be configured to release the cleansing composition from the fluid container to disperse the cleansing composition to a local en\ ironmeiit upon actuation of the device. In various embodiments, the explosive unit may be configured with a charge selected from the group consisting of: a chemical explosive, a compressed gas. a two-part system in which two agents are mixed to create a sufficiently fast reaction to be considered explosive, and combinations thereof.

In various embodiments of the method, the housing comprises one or more release orifices that are in fluid communication with the fluid container. In certain embodiments of the method, the housing may be sufficiently frangible such that a detonation of the explosive unit causes the release of the cleansing composition by breaking through the housing with sufficient force to disperse the cleansing composition. In various embodiments of the method, the fluid container may be constructed of substantially inert and/or non-reactive material with respect to the cleansing composition.

In other embodiments of the method, the device may further comprise a timer to control the timing of actuation of the device to allow for a time delay between activation of the device and actuation of the explosive unit.

In another embodiment of the method, the device may further comprise a receiver and/or a transmitter to enable wireless communication between the device and a remote control unit. In another embodiment of the method, the device may further comprise a user interface to allow a user to actuate the device, In another embodiment of the method, the device may further comprise a power source in electronic communication with one or more components of the device selected from the group consisting of a timer, a user interface, and the explosive unit.

Embodiments of the present invention also provide for a cleansing pad, comprising: an inner surface; an outer surface; an inner layer impregnated with an inner layer composition; and an outer layer.

In one embodiment, the inner layer composition may be a cleansing composition. In a particular embodiment, the inner layer composition may comprise about 99.99% oxidized water, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCI). hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and sodium chloride (NaCl). In another embodiment, the inner layer composition may be in the form of a gel. a cream, a suspension, a paste, a salve or a viscous composition. In another embodiment, the inner layer composition may be occlusive. In another embodiment, the inner layer and/or the inner surface may be configured to impart a cooling effect.

In various embodiments, the cleansing pad may be configured such that, in use. the inner surface remains in place on a surface of a subject to impart a desired beneficial effect until such time as the pad is changed or removed. In other embodiments, the inner layer ma\ be configured to wipe gross exposure matter from a surface.

1 In various embodiments the outer layer and/or the outer surface of the pad may be moist or damp. In certain embodiments, the outer layer may be impregnated with an outer layer composition. In one embodiment, the outer lajer composition may be a cleansing composition. In a particular embodiment, the outer layer composition may comprise about 99,99% oxidi/ed water, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), hypochlorous acid (HOC!) and sodium chloride (NaCI). In another embodiment, the outer layer may be configured to wipe gross exposure matter from a surface.

In another embodiment, the cleansing pad may further comprise a barrier layer configured between the inner layer and the outer layer. Embodiments of the present invention also provide for a method of treating a skin trauma victim, comprising: providing a cleansing pad, comprising: an inner surface, an outer surface, an inner layer impregnated with an inner layer composition, and an outer layer; and using the cleansing pad on an affected area on the skin trauma victim. In various embodiments, using the cleansing pad may comprise a step selected from the group consisting of wrapping a portion of the trauma victim in the cleansing pad, imparting a cooling effect on a surface on the trauma victim, wiping gross exposure matter from a surface on the trauma victim, decontaminating a surface on the trauma victim, affixing the cleansing pad on a surface of the trauma victim and combinations thereof.

In various embodiments, the skin trauma victim may have a skin trauma selected from the group consisting of a heat burn, a chemical burn, an infectious sore, an infectious ulceration, an abrasion, a cut, a puncture, a wound and combinations thereof.

In various embodiments of the method, the inner layer composition may be a cleansing composition. In certain embodiments, the inner layer composition comprises about 99.99% oxidized water, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCI), hypochlorous acid (IIOC1) and sodium chloride (NaCl). In one embodiment of the method, the inner layer composition may be occlusive. In another embodiment of the method, the inner layer and/or the inner surface may be configured to impart a cooling effect. In another embodiment of the method, the inner layer may be configured to wipe gross exposure matter from a surface.

In another embodiment of the method, the cleansing pad may be configured such that, in use, the inner surface remains in place on a surface of a subject to impart a desired beneficial effect until such time as the pad is changed or remo\ ed.

In another embodiment of the method, the outer la>er and/or the outer surface of the pad ma\ be moist or damp In one embodiment of the method, the outer la\er ma\ be impregnated with an outer la>er composition. In another embodiment of the method, the outer layer composition is a cleansing composition. In a particular embodiment of the method, the outer layer composition may comprise about 99.99% oxidized water, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), hypochlorous acid (HOC!) and sodium chloride (NaCl). In another embodiment of the method, the outer layer may be configured to wipe gross exposure matter from a surface. In another embodiment of the method, the cleansing pad may further comprise a barrier layer configured between the inner layer and the outer layer.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Exemplary embodiments are illustrated in referenced figures. It is intended that the embodiments and figures disclosed herein are to be considered illustrative rather than restrictive.

Figure 1 depicts an explosive device containing a cleaning composition, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 2 depicts a pad in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 depicts the pad illustrated in Figure 2. folded and rolled up. in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

All publications herein are incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each individual publication or patent application was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference. The following description includes information that may be useful in understanding the present invention. It is not an admission that any of the information provided herein is prior art or relevant to the presently claimed invention, or that any publication specifically or implicitly referenced is prior art. One skilled in the art will recognize many methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein, which could be used in the practice of the present invention.

Indeed, the present invention is in no way limited to the methods and materials described.

"Beneficial effects" may include, but are in no way limited to. lessening or alleviating the severity of an injury, a trauma, a disease, a condition or a symptom thereof; preventing the disease, the condition or the symptom thereof from worsening; curing the disease or the condition; and prolonging a subject^'s life or life expectancy.

"Pathogen^" as used herein refers to a microorganism that causes a harmful effect for a mammal. Examples of pathogens include, but are not limited to, bacteria, \ iruses. fungi. archaea. protists (e # . Cryptosporidium parvuni), protozoals (e g , Kinetoplastids. Λpicomplexa. Plasmodium [e.g., Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium ovale, and Plasmodium malariae]). vectors, spores and endosporcs.

''Bacteria^1' as used herein include to bacteria, bacterial spores, and bacterial endospores that cause a harmful effect for a mammal. Examples of bacteria include, but are not limited to, Acinetobacler (e.g.. A. baumanniϊ). Bacillus (e.g., B. anthracis), Bacteroides (e.g.. B. fragilis), Bordetella (e.g., pertussis). Brucella (e g., B. melitensis), Burkholderia (e.g., B, mallei, B. pseudomallei), Chlamydia (e.g., C. psittaci), Clostridium (e.g.. C. difficile, C. botulinum, C. perfringens), Coxiella (e.g., C burnetii). Enter obacter (e.g., E. aerogenes), Enterococcus (e.g.. E. faecalis). Enterococeus (e.g., E. faecium), Escherichia (e.g., E. coli), Francisella (e.g., F. tularensis), Haemophilus (e.g., H. influenzae), Listeria (e.g., L monocytogenes), Klebsiella (e.g., K. oxytoca, K. pneumoniae), Micrococcus (e.g., M. luteus), Mycobacterium (e.g., M. tuberculosis). Neisseria (e.g., N. gonorrhoreae, N. meningitidis), Proteus (e.g., P. mirahilis), Pseudomonas (e.g., P aeruginosa), Rickettsia (e.g., R. prowazekii). Salmonella (e.g. , S. bongori, S. enter tea). Serratia (e.g., S. marcescens), Shigella (e-g-- S. boydύ^' , S. dysenteriae, S. flexneri, S. sonnet), Staphylococcus (e.g., S. aureus [including Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ("MRSΛ^")], S. epidcrmidis, S. haemolyticus, S. hominis, S. saprophyticus). Streptococcus (e.g., S. pneumoniae, S. pyogenes), Vibrio (e.g., V. cholerae, V. vulnificus), and Yersinia (e.g., Y. pestis).

Examples of fungi include, but are not limited to, Candida albicans, Malassezia (also known as Pilyrosporum, and causes dandruff). Mϊcrosporum (e.g.. M. audoumii, M. cants, M. canis var. distortum, M. cookie. M. equinum, M. ferrugineum, M. fulvum, M. gallinae, M. gypseiim. M. nanum, M. persicolor). Trichophyton (e.g., T. ajelloi, T. concentricum, T. equinum, T. flavescens, T. gloriae, T. megnini, T. mentagrophytes var. erinacei, T. mentagrophytes var. inter digit ale, T. phaseoliforme, T. rubrum, T. nώrum downy strain, T. rubrum granular strain, T. schoenleinii, T. simii, T. soudanense, T. terreslre, T. tonsurans, T. vanbreuseghemii, T. verrucosum, T. violaceum, T. yaoundeϊ) and Epidermophyton (e.g., E. floccosum, a cause of tinea corporis (ringworm), tinea cruris, tinea pedis (athlete's foot), and tinea unguium, (a fungal infection of the nail bed). Candida (e.g., Candida albicans). Crypt ococcus neoformans, and Aspergillus. Examples of viruses include, but are not limited to, Picornavirus (e.g., llepatovirus genus, hepatitis A virus species), Uepadnaviridae famih (e.g.. Orthohcpadnavirus genus [e.g.. Hepatitis B virus species j).

iviridae famih (e g.. Hepacivirus genus \e g. , Hepatitis C virus species). Flavivirus genus [e.g . Yellow fever \ irus species), cold virus,

iridae famil\ (e g . human influcn/a \ iruses. avian influenza viruses \e g . I15N1 1). I Ierpesviridae family (e.g., Λlphahcrpesvirinae Subfamily. Simpiexvirus Genus [e g.. herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-I ) species, herpes simplex virus type 2 (HS V-2) species]), variola major species, l ϊenipavirus genus (e.g , Nipah vims species). Bunyaviridae family (e.g. hantavirus genus. Nairovirus genus [e g.. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fe\er virus]), Fiioviridae family (e.g . Ebolavirus genus \e g.. Ebola virus species], Marburgvirus genus, [e g., Marburg virus species]), Arenaviridae family (e.g , Arenavirus genus [e.g . Lassa virus species. Junin virus species (causing Argentine hemorrhagic fever))). Retroviridae family (e.g., Lentivirus genus \e g., human immunodeficiency virus (''HIV^"') species]. Coronavirus genus (e.g., SARS-associated coronavirus ("SARS-CoV^"') species), viruses that cause pneumonia, Paramyxoviridae family (e g., Morbillivirus species (causing measles)), and Togaviridae family (e.g. , Rubivirus genus [e.g. Rubella virus species (causing German measles)]).

''Harmful effect" as used herein includes, but is in no way limited to, any detrimental effect to a mammal's health. Examples of harmful effects include, but are not limited to, infection by the pathogen (acute or chronic), a disease caused by the pathogen, a disease condition caused by the pathogen, becoming a carrier of the pathogen (and thereby potentially imparting a harmful effect to another mammal), alteration of the microbial flora in or on a physiological structure of the mammal (e.g., organs such as heart, lungs, brain, eyes, stomach, spleen, bones, pancreas, kidneys, liver, intestines (small and large), skin, bladder. uterus and testicles; systems such as digestive, respiratory, nervous, circulatory, endocrine, lymphatic, reproductive, urinary, skeletal and muscular; and membranes such as mucus, basement and serous), pain, discomfort, swelling, inflammation, psychological effects, fear, panic, and death,

"Clean and "cleaning." as used herein, with respect to a surface and/or space may include, but are in no way limited to, reducing and/or eliminating impurities, pathogens and/or microorganisms therein and/or thereupon; reducing bacterial, mycobacterial and/or viral titers therein and/or thereupon: and/or killing and/or lessening the quantity of germs, fungi and/or spores therein and/or thereupon.

"Cleansing compositions." as used herein, refer to those composition comprising a solution of oxychlorine compounds; hypochlorous acid (H(KI) and hypochlorite ions (OCl^"); oxidi/ed water, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), hypochlorous acid (HOCI) and sodium chloride (NaCl): and/or about 99.99% oxidized water, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and sodium chloride (NaCI). The cleansing compositions may include Mjcroc\n R^s OI C Wound Care (available from Oc ul us Innovative Sciences. Inc.), and/or may be among the products described in U.S. Patent No, 7,090.753. or U. S, Patent Application Publication Nos. 2005/0142157. 2005/0139808. 2005/0196462, 2006/0235350. 2006/0241546, 2006/0253060. 2006/0272954. 2007/0173460. 2007/0173755. 2007/0196357 or 2007/0196434, each of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety as if fully set forth. The cleansing compositions may include a Sterilox^{1 M} solution (available from PuriCore pic), and/or may be among the products described in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,427,667. 5.540,819, 5.628.888. 5,635,040. 5.783.052. 5.871 ,623. 5.985.1 1O- 6,004,439. 6.843.895. 6.632,347, 7,276.255. 6.528,214. 6.296,744, 6,752,757 or 7303,660 or U.S. patent application publication Nos. 2004/0060815, 2006/0124453, 2006/0249375, 2006/0278585, 2007/0017820, 2007/0051640, 2007/0108064, 2008/0075832, 2008/0156674. 2008/0160612, 2008/0156674 or 2008/0075832, each of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety as if fully set forth.

The compositions described above generally impart the therapeutic effect by the oxychlorine compounds^" ability to deactivate the pathogen's essential enzymes and structures, rendering them non-viable. (See, e.g.. Landa-Solis et al., Microcγn¹¹: a novel super-oxidized water with neutral pH and disinfectant activity. J. HOSP INFECT. 2005;61 (4):291-299; Tanaka et al., Antimicrobial activity of super-oxidized water. J HOSP INFECT. 1996:34(1 ):43-49; Dalla Paola e/ α/., Use of Dermacyn^% , a new antiseptic for the local treatment of diabetic foot ulcers. J WOUND HEALING. 2005;2:201 ; Altamirano. A., Reducing Bacterial Infectious Complications from Burn Wounds. A look at the use ofOculus Microcyn^% to treat wounds in Mexico. WOUNDS. 2006. Supp: 17-19; Gutierrez. A.. Super- Oxidized Water Kills Bacteria: Demonstrates Potential for Healing, DERMATOLOGY TIMES. 26(6), June 2005; Nakae et al., Effectiveness of electroly∑ed oxidized water irrigation in a burn-wound infection model J. TRAUMA. 2000;49(3):51 1-514; Ie Due et al, A Cytotoxic Analysis of Antiseptic Medication on Skin Substitutes and Autograft. BRITISH JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY. March 2007; Davis et al.. An In Vitro ( "omparison of the Antimicrobial Effects of Various Endodontic Medicaments on Enterococcus faecalis. JOURNAL OF ENDODONTICS. 33(5). May 2007; Zahumensky. E., Infections and diabetic fool syndrome in field practice. V'NITR LEK. 2006;52:41 1-416; and Veverkova et al, Melhicilin-resistenl Staphylococcus aureus ■ problem in health care J WOUND HEALING. 2005, 2:201 ^»202.)

In one embodiment of the invention, cleansing compositions may be produced by the electroKsis of water and salt, resultin 'gc- in the following chemical reaction:

NaCl i YhO - MaOCl -, I K)Cl - Na^" t I V ^ OCT Hypochlorous aeid (HOCl) and hypochlorite ions (OCl^") react with a wide range of biological molecules. Notably, hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is produced by neutrophils in the human body in its defense against microorganisms and thus, is a suitable agent to use in cleansing a surface and/or space.

Additionally, cleansing compositions may include a SteriFx* composition and/or solution (available from SteriFx*, Inc.); for example, FreshFx¹¹ Antimicrobial Solution, VetFx" Wound Care Spray, CieanseFx"' Antimicrobial Skin Cleanser, DeconFx™ Decontamination Solution, Fx HSD Disinfectant and the compositions and/or solutions contained in the Personal Decontamination Kits available from SteriFx ^*, and/or may be among the products described in U.S. Patent No. 6,375,976, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety as if fully set forth. The cleansing compositions may also be among the products described in U.S. Patent Publication Nos. 2004/0211935 and 2002/0182264, each of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety as if fully set forth. The cleansing compositions may also be among the products described in U.S. Patent No. 7,374,645. which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety as if fully set forth. The cleansing compositions may also be an organosilane compound. The cleansing compositions may also be among the products described in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,959,014. 6,632,805. 6,221,944. 5,954,869. 6,1 13.815, 6.120,587, 6,469.120, or 6,762,172, each of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety as if fully set forth.

The cleansing compositions may be antimicrobial, antiviral, antimycobacterial, antifungal and/or sporicidal. They may be substantially non-irritating to the eyes, ears, mouth, nose, wounds, mucous membranes and/or non-mucous membranes of a human. They may be substantially alcohol-free. The fact that the aforementioned cleansing compositions may have varying degrees of efficacy and other properties in connection with various embodiments and/or uses of the present invention does not in any way imply that the compositions are nonetheless considered cleansing compositions as that term is used herein.

The cleansing compositions may be in the form of a dry powder, a gel, a liquid, a solution, an atomized liquid/vapor, a gas or other forms as will be readily appreciated by those of skill in the art.

Embodiments of the invention relate to the use of cleansing compositions for cleaning spaces and/or surfaces. Jn various embodiments of the present invention, the spaces may include, but are no way limited to. both internal spaces and external spaces. The surfaces suitable for cleaning with the cleansing compositions of the present invention, the surfaces may be any type of suitable surface as will be appreciated by those of skill in the art. including, but in no way limited to. hard surfaces and porous surfaces.

Internal spaces may include, but are no way limited to, rooms in. portions of rooms in. combinations of rooms in or the entirety of any type of building, such as homes, offices. schools, police or fire departments, theaters, concert halls, arenas, gymnasia, healthcare facilities (e.g., doctors" offices, hospitals, clinical laboratory facilities, blood collection/processing sites), airports, train stations, bus terminals, warehouses, industrial facilities, trash or recycling facilities, municipal services facilities (e.g., water treatment/processing plants, power plants), government buildings (e g.. post offices, courthouses), manufacturing facilities, garages, laboratories, museums, agricultural storage or processing facilities (e.g., barns, chicken coops, grain silos), greenhouses, food storage or processing facilities, storage facilities, and general storage areas. Internal spaces may also include, but are in no way limited to. spaces that are bounded by surfaces on all substantially sides but that might not be considered a building, such as the interior of a vehicle (e.g., car, ambulance, bus, truck, boat, submarine, airplane, helicopter), the interior of a container (e.g., suitcase, purse, briefcase, backpack), the interior of a food storage apparatus (e.g., refrigerator, freezer, pantry, portable cooler), the interior of a storage space (e.g.. drawer, cabinet, locker, trunk, container), and the interior of an animal storage apparatus (e.g., aquarium, kennel, birdcage, fish tank).

External spaces may include any space not contained within a building, such as a park, agricultural field, beach, street, runway, yard, outdoor sports facility, shipyard, dock, or parking lot.

Various embodiments of the present invention include the dispersion by any desirable means of a cleansing composition to clean a surface and/or a space. Dispersion can be accomplished manually and/or through the use of a variety of machines designed to effectuate dispersion of the cleansing composition, automatically, by manual operation or otherwise. By wav of non-limiting example, the dispersion can be incorporated in a fogging device, combined in the fluid that is sprayed from lire or lawn sprinklers, dropped from an airplane (as is employed in crop-dusting and military applications and which may thus be used to address, for example. Valley Fever and/or histoplasmosis), sprayed from hoses and other spray devices, and any number of other methodologies as will be readily apparent to those of routine skill in the art and can be implemented by routine experimentation.

K) In one embodiment, the invention relates to a device that contains an explosive or propelling charge and a payload of a cleansing composition configured to clean hard surfaces. Although the device may be used in a wide range of settings, in particular embodiments of the invention it is configured for use in the cleaning of hard surfaces in the rear of an ambulance, where paramedics, patients, medical equipment and the like may reside from time to time. More particularly, upon actuation of the inventive device, the device releases its payload. dispersing the cleansing composition about the local environment (e.g , the rear of an ambulance) and resulting in the cleaning of hard surfaces and air within thai local environment. As those of ordinary skill in the art will readily appreciate, the device may be designed in any number of shapes and configurations to accomplish its intended purpose, each of which is contemplated as being within the scope of the invention. Furthermore, as one of ordinary skill in the art will readily appreciate, the device, components of the device, and components of the device which come in contact with the cleansing composition may be constructed from any suitable material. The material may be selected based upon, among other things, the chemical properties of the cleansing composition that is to be contained in the device. Specifically, it may be desirable to select a material that does not have a deleterious impact on the chemical composition, medicinal efficacy, stability or other properties of the cleansing composition; particularly insofar as the cleansing composition is to be stored in the device for any appreciable amount of time, as may be necessitated by the intended use of the present invention. By way of example, in some embodiments, the device, components of the device, and components of the device which come in contact with the cleansing composition may be constructed from various types of plastic, metal, stainless steel, glass (e.g., borosilicatc glass), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), the fluoropolymer PFA (e g , perfiuoroalkoxy polymer resin), the Dyneon™ TFM™ range of chemically-modified PTFB, aluminum, polyetheretherketone (PEEK), fluorinated ethylene propylene (FIiP), fluoro -treated high-density polyethylene (HDPE), and any number of other materials that are substantially inert or non-reactive with regard to the cleansing composition. As will be readily appreciated by those of skill in the art. a variety of different materials may be used to construct the device, components of the device, and components of the device which come in contact with the cleansing composition and may be desirable based on the selection of the cleansing composition, and such materials are all contemplated as being within the scope of the present invention and can be readiK used in alternate embodiments thereof without undue experimentation. As illustrated in Figure 1. in one embodiment of the invention, the device Ϊ00 includes an explosive unit 102 and a fluid container 103: both of which are configured within a housing lOt . The fluid container contains a cleansing composition 104 to clean the interior of a vehicle; for instance, the back section of a conventional ambulance. The explosive unit 102 may be constructed in a variety of configurations, as will be readily appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art, to achieve the desired result; that is, release of the cleansing composition 104 from the fluid container 103 and dispersion of the cleansing composition 104 about a local environment upon actuation of the device 100. As such, the explosive unit 102 may include a charge comprising a solid chemical explosive, a compressed gas. a two-part system in which two agents are mixed and thereby create a sufficiently fast reaction to be considered explosive, or combinations thereof.

Upon actuation, in one embodiment, the device 100 releases the cleansing composition 104 from the fluid container 103 through one or more release orifices 105 on the housing 101 that are in fluid communication with the fluid container 103. In another embodiment, the housing 101 is sufficiently frangible such that the detonation of the explosive unit 102 causes the release of the composition 104 by breaking through the housing 101 with sufficient force to disperse the cleansing composition 104 to substantially all hard surfaces within a vehicle (e.g. , the back of an ambulance) without damaging the vehicle or other interior structures. The fluid container 103 may be constructed of any material suitable for storage in and, ultimately, release of the cleansing composition 104 from the device 100. The material may be substantially inert and/or non-reactive with respect to the cleansing composition 104.

The device 100 may be configured such that it begins to release the cleansing composition 104 from the fluid container 103 upon or shortly following actuation. In such embodiments, the device 100 may be actuated, placed or tossed into the back of an ambulance (or other vehicle), and the doors of the ambulance (or other vehicle) may be quickly closed to contain the dispersing cleansing composition 104.

Alternatively, the device 100 may be configured for remote actuation (e.g.. via wired or wireless remote control), or may be configured such that a time delay exists between activation of the device 100 and actuation of the explosive unit 102 (and. thus, delayed release of the cleansing composition 104). In either case, the device 100 ma\ include a timer 106 to control the timing of device actuation. In those embodiments where the device 100 is configured for wireless remote actuation, the device 100 ma\ further include a receiver and/or transmitter 109 to enable wireless communication between the

ice and a remote control unit (not shown). Although the receiver and/or transmitter 109 in Figure 1 is illustrated as being external to the housing 101. in an alternate embodiment (not shown) it may be inside the housing 101.

The device 100 may further include a user interface 108, through which a user can actuate the device 100 (e.g.. by pressing an "on" button, setting a tinier, combinations thereof. or the like). The device may include a power source 107 in electronic communication with one or more components of the device 100 (e.g., the timer 106, the user interface 108. the explosive unit 102, etc.) to provide power thereto, as needed. The power source 107 may comprise one or more batteries. In operation, the explosive reaction or release disperses the cleansing composition 104 to all exposed surfaces and about the internal within explosive or dispersive range of the device 100; thereby cleaning by coating or otherwise contacting the hard surfaces with the cleansing composition 104.

Embodiments of the invention also relate to a multilayer dressing pad. towel, bandage or blanket (all hereinafter included in the term "pad") that may be useful for first responders and other medical personnel to achieve beneficial effects with respect to victims of skin trauma, including heat burns, chemical burns, infectious sores or ulcerations, abrasions, cuts. punctures, and other wounds. The pad may also be used to prevent, treat, and/or reduce the chance of experiencing a harmful effect from exposure to a pathogen.

In one embodiment, the pad may be configured of a size sufficient to wrap an adult from the waist down, for example, to completely cover the legs of a burn victim. Alternate embodiments include smaller pads that may be suitable for smaller areas of the body, such as the side of the head or an upper arm. Regardless of size, as illustrated in Figure 2. the pad 2Θ0 has an inner surface 201 and an outer surface 202, and is comprised of more than one layer of material. The pad 200 illustrated in Figure 2 has two layers: an inner layer 203 and an outer layer 204.

The inner layer 203 (and the inner surface 201) may be impregnated and/or coated with an inner layer composition 205 having medicinal, therapeutic, pharmacologic. disinfectant, antiviral, antibiotic, antimicrobial, antifungal, antimycobacterial. sporicidal, analgesic, wound healing or any other quality as may be useful to achieve beneficial effects with respect to a subject. In one embodiment, the inner law composition 205 is in the form of a non-occiusive solution or liquid. In another embodiment, the inner layer composition 205 is substantially alcohol-free. In another embodiment, the inner law composition 205 contains a solution of oxychlorine compounds. In another embodiment, the inner layer composition 205 comprises hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and hypochlorite ions (OCl^'). In another embodiment, the inner layer composition 205 comprises oxidi/ed water, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), hypochlorous acid (JIOCl) and sodium chloride (NaCl). In another embodiment, the inner layer composition 205 contains about 99.99% oxidized water, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and sodium chloride (NaCl). In another embodiment, the inner layer composition 205 contains Microcyn® (available from Oculus Innovative Sciences. Inc.). In another embodiment, the inner layer composition 205 is among the products described in U.S. Patent No. 7,090,753. or U.S. Patent Application Publication Nos. 2005/0142157, 2005/0139808. 2005/0196462, 2006/0235350. 2006/0241546, 2006/0253060, 2006/0272954. 2007/0173460, 2007/0173755, 2007/0196357. or 2007/0196434. each of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety as if fully set forth.

In another embodiment, the inner layer composition 205 is a Sterilox^{! M} solution (available from PuriCore pic). In another embodiment, the inner layer composition 205 is among the products described in U.S. Patent Nos. 5.427,667, 5,540,819, 5,628.888, 5,635,040, 5,783,052, 5.871 ,623. 5,985,1 10, 6,004.439, 6,843,895, 6,632,347. 7.276,255. 6,528.214. 6,296.744, 6.752,757, 7,303,660 or U.S. patent application publication Nos. 2004/0060815. 2006/0124453, 2006/0249375, 2006/0278585. 2007/0017820, 2007/005 Ϊ640, 2007/0108064, 2008/0075832- 2008/0156674, 2008/0160612, 2008/0156674, or

2008/0075832. each of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety as if fully set forth.

In another embodiment, the inner layer composition 205 is a SteriFx* composition and/or solution (available from SteriFx*', Inc.); for example, FreshFx^* Antimicrobial Solution. VetFx* Wound Care Spray. CleanseFχ^R Antimicrobial Skin Cleanser. DeconFx™ Decontamination Solution, Fx HSD Disinfectant and the compositions and/or solutions contained in the Personal Decontamination Kits available from SteriFχ^R. In another embodiment, the inner layer composition 205 is among the products described in U.S. Patent No 6.375,976, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety as if fulK set forth. In another embodiment, the inner layer composition 205 is among the products described in

U S. Patent Publication Nos. 2004/021 1935 and 2002/0182264. each of which is incorporated reference herein in its entirety as if fii.ll> set forth.

In another embodiment, the inner Ia>er composition 205 is among the products described in U.S. Patent No. 7.374.645 in another embodiment, the inner layer composition 205 is an organosilane compound. In another embodiment, the inner layer composition 205 is among the products described in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,959.014, 6,632,805. 6,221.944. 5.954.869. 6.1 13,815. 6,120,587. 6,469.120. or 6,762,172. each of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety as if fully set forth.

Alternatively or in addition, the inner layer 203 (and the inner surface 201) may be configured to impart a cooling effect, if the inner layer composition 205 includes, for instance, aloe extract or another compound with like effect. In one embodiment, the inner layer composition 205 is in the form of a gel; although in alternate embodiments it may be a cream, suspension, paste, salve or other viscous composition. The inner layer composition 205 may be occlusive. The inner layer composition 205 may impart beneficial effects through transdermal operation and/or on contact with a subject.

The pad 200 may be configured such that, in use, the inner surface 201 remains in place on a surface of a subject, imparting the desired beneficial effects until such time as the pad 200 is changed or removed. It may be configured to conform to the surface area of a subject for which beneficial effects are sought.

In an alternate embodiment of the present invention, the inner layer 203 may be a substantially dry material that is not impregnated and/or coated with a composition. In such embodiments, the inner layer 203 (and the inner surface 201) may be configured for use in wiping gross exposure matter from a surface (e.g., the skin, hands, face, etc.). As used herein, '"gross exposure matter^"' may include any number of fluids, particles, solids and materials, including, for instance, blood, urine, fecal matter, vomit, mud, dirt, chemicals and/or debris from an accident or fire.

The outer layer 204 (and the outer surface 202) of the pad 200 may be moist or damp, but preferably not wet. It may have an absorbent quality, and may be configured for use in wiping gross exposure matter from and/or decontaminating a surface, such as the body of a victim to whom a first responder is attending. The outer layer 204 (and the outer surface 202) may form a moist wipe.

The outer layer 204 (and the outer surface 202) may be impregnated with an outer layer composition 206 having disinfectant, antiviral, antibiotic, antimicrobial, antifungal, antimycobacteπal. sporicidal or any other quality as may be useful to

e beneficial effects with respect to a subject. In one embodiment, the outer layer composition 206 is in the form of a non-oeelushe solution or liquid, In another embodiment, the outer layer composition 206 is substantially alcohol-free In another embodiment, the outer layer composition 206 contains a solution of oxychlorine compounds. In another embodiment, the outer layer composition 206 comprises hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and hypochlorite ions (OCl^"). In another embodiment, the outer layer composition 206 comprises oxidized water, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), hypochlorous acid (IiOCl) and sodium chloride (NaCl). In another embodiment, the outer layer composition 206 contains about 99.99% oxidi/ed water, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and sodium chloride (NaCl). In another embodiment, the outer layer composition 206 contains MicrocyrvD (available from Oculus Innovative Sciences, Inc.). In another embodiment, the outer layer composition 206 is among the products described in U.S. Patent No. 7,090,753. or U.S. Patent Application Publication Nos. 2005/0142157, 2005/0139808, 2005/0196462, 2006/0235350,

2006/0241546, 2006/0253060, 2006/0272954. 2007/0173460, 2007/0173755. 2007/0196357, or 2007/0196434. each of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety as if fully set forth.

In another embodiment, the outer layer composition 206 is a Sterilox^{1 M} solution (available from PuriCore pic). In another embodiment, the outer layer composition 206 is among the products described in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,427,667. 5.540.819. 5,628,888. 5,635,040, 5.783,052, 5,871,623, 5,985.110, 6,004,439, 6,843,895, 6.632,347, 7,276,255, 6,528.214, 6.296,744, 6,752,757, 7,303.660 or U.S. patent application publication Nos. 2004/0060815, 2006/0124453. 2006/0249375. 2006/0278585. 2007/0017820. 2007/0051640, 2007/0108064. 2008/0075832, 2008/0156674, 2008/0160612, 2008/0156674, or

2008/0075832, each of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety as if fully set forth.

In another embodiment, the outer layer composition 206 is a SteriFχ^B composition and/or solution (available from SteriFx^* . Inc.); for example, FreshFx" Antimicrobial Solution. VetPx"' Wound Care Spray. CleanseFx¹¹ Antimicrobial Skin Cleanser. DeconFx™ Decontamination Solution. Fx HSD Disinfectant and the compositions and/or solutions contained in the Personal Decontamination Kits available from SteriFx\ In another embodiment, the outer layer composition 206 is among the products described in U.S. Patent No. 6.375.976, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety as if fully set forth. In another embodiment, the outer la\ er composition 206 is among the products described in

U.S. Patent Publication Nos. 2004/021 1935 and 2002/0182264. each of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety as if fully set forth.

In another embodiment, the outer layer composition 206 is among the products described in U.S. Patent No 7,374.645. In another embodiment, the outer layer composition 206 is an organosilane compound. In another embodiment, the outer layer composition 206 is among the products described in U.S. Patent Nos. 5.959.014, 6.632,805. 6.221 ,944. 5.954.869. 6,1 1 3.815. 6.120,587, 6,469,120. or 6,762.172. each of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety as if fully set forth.

The pad 200 may be configured such thai, in use, the outer surface 202 is used to remove gross exposure matter and/or to decontaminate a surface of a subject, prior to affixing, adhering or otherwise configuring the inner surface 201 to the same surface. Alternatively, in an embodiment of the present invention wherein the inner layer 203 is substantially dry, the pad 200 may be configured such that, in use, the inner surface 201 is used to remove at least some gross exposure matter from a surface, prior to use of the outer surface 202 to remove additional gross exposure matter and/or to decontaminate a surface.

A barrier layer 207 may be configured between the inner layer 203 and the outer layer

204. The barrier layer 207 may be substantially impermeable with respect to the inner layer composition 205 and/or the outer lay^rer composition 206. and may thus prevent the two compositions 205, 206 from mixing during storage and/or use of the pad 200. or to otherwise prevent seepage across the barrier layer 207. The barrier layer 207 may be constructed of any suitable material to achieve substantial impermeability with respect to the two compositions

205, 206, numerous of which will be readily apparent to those of skill in the art. In storage, as depicted in Figure 2, the pad 200 may first be folded in half, such that approximately two halves of the inner layer 203 are in contact with one another. Then, the folded pad 200 may be further folded and/or rolled up for storage. Once so configured, the pad 200 may be sterilized and/or sealed in an outer package of any suitable size, shape and configuration (not shown). Alternatively or in addition, the pad 200 may be wrapped or sealed inside a storage material, such as foil or plastic, and stored flat. In embodiments of the instant invention where the pad 200 is of a relatively small size, flat storage of a quantity of pads 200 in a container may be particularly convenient. In embodiments where the pad 200 is relatively large, a rolled-up configuration with the pad 200 stored in a case may be convenient.

KXAMPLh 1 humiliation of Microorganisms. Reduction of Bacterial and/or Viral Titers. Germ-Killing and/or Antifungal/Sporicidal Activity on the Hard Surfaces of an Ambulance Interior Λ device as described herein is provided, including an explosh e unit that detonates by wireless remote control and a compartment containing a quantity of an agent containing about 99.99% oxidized water, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and sodium chloride (NaCl). A user places the device in the back section of an ambulance, closes the ambulance doors, and remotely detonates the device, whereupon the agent is dispersed to substantially all of the hard surfaces within the back of the ambulance. Λs a result, the hard surfaces are cleaned.

EXAMPLE 2 Treatment of a Burn/Accident Victim A blanket as described herein is provided, including one side impregnated with an occlusive gel containing both a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAlD) and an aloe extract, and a second side including a moist fabric impregnated with an agent containing about 99.99% oxidized water, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and sodium chloride (NaCI). The blanket is stored — folded in half and rolled up — in a case. A paramedic removes the blanket from the case, and unrolls and unfolds it. The paramedic then uses the second side of the blanket to wipe the debris and blood off the burned and injured legs of an accident victim, before wrapping the victim's legs with the first side of the blanket. The blanket remains in place for a period of time on the victim's legs, soothing the pain associated with the victim^'s injuries and burns, and providing a cooling effect.

EXAMPLE 3

Cleaning the Face of a Paramedic

A towel as described herein is provided, including one side configured of dry cloth, and a second side including a moist fabric impregnated with an agent containing about 99.99% oxidized water, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and sodium chloride (NaCl). The towel is stored, wrapped in foil.

A paramedic removes the towel from the foil wrapper. The paramedic then uses the first side of the towel to wipe the debris and blood off of her face, before using the second side to remove additional debris and to disinfect scratches on her face.

Various embodiments of the invention are described above in the Detailed Description. While these descriptions directly describe the above embodiments, it is understood that those skilled in the art may conceive modifications and/or variations to the specific embodiments shown and described herein. Any such modifications or variations that fall within (he purview of this description are intended to be included therein as well. Unless specifically noted, it is the intention of the inventors that the words and phrases in the specification and claims be given the ordinary and accustomed meanings to those of ordinary skill in the applicable art(s).

The foregoing description of various embodiments of the invention known to the applicant at this time of filing the application has been presented and is intended for the purposes of illustration and description. The present description is not intended to be exhaustive nor limit the invention to the precise form disclosed and many modifications and variations are possible in the light of the above teachings. The embodiments described serve to explain the principles of the invention and its practical application and to enable others skilled in the art to utilize the invention in various embodiments and with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiments disclosed for carrying out the invention.

While particular embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that, based upon the teachings herein, changes and modifications may be made without departing from this invention and its broader aspects and, therefore, the appended claims are to encompass within their scope all such changes and modifications as are within the true spirit and scope of this invention. It will be understood by those within the art that, in general, terms used herein are generally intended as "open" terms (e.g., the term "including'^" should be interpreted as "including but not limited to,^1* the term "having'' should be interpreted as "having at least,^" the term "includes'^' should be interpreted as ''includes but is not limited to,^" etc.).

Claims

WHAT ΪS CLAIMED IS:

1. A device for cleaning and/or disinfecting a surface and/or space, configured to disperse a quantity of a cleansing composition in and/or about and/or upon the surface and/or space, comprising: an explosive unit: a fluid container; and a housing, wherein the explosive unit and the fluid container are configured within the housing.

2. The device of claim L wherein the explosive unit is configured to release the cleansing composition from the fluid container to disperse the cleansing composition to a local environment upon actuation of the device.

3. The device of claim 1, wherein the explosive unit is configured with a charge selected from the group consisting of: a chemical explosive, a compressed gas, a two-part system in which two agents are mixed to create a sufficiently fast reaction to be considered explosive, and combinations thereof.

4. The device of claim 1, wherein the housing comprises one or more release orifices in fluid communication with the fluid container.

5. The device of claim 1, wherein the housing is sufficiently frangible such that a detonation of the explosive unit causes the release of the cleansing composition by breaking through the housing with sufficient force to disperse the cleansing composition.

6. The device of claim 1. wherein the fluid container is constructed of substantially inert and/or non-reactive material with respect to the cleansing composition.

7. The device of claim 1. further comprising a timer to control the timing of actuation of the device to allow for a time delay between activation of the device and actuation of the explosive unit.

8. The device of claim 1. further comprising a receiver and/or a transmitter to enable wireless communication between the device and a remote control unit.

9. The device of claim 1. further comprising a user interface to allow a user to actuate the device.

10. The device of claim 1 , further comprising a power source in electronic communication with one or more components of the dev ice selected from the group consisting of a timer, a user interface, and the explosive unit.

1 1. The device of claim 1. further comprising the cleansing composition.

12. The device of claim 11. wherein the cleansing composition comprises about 99,99% oxidized water, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and sodium chloride (NaCi).

13. A method of cleaning and/or disinfecting a surface and/or space, comprising: providing a quantity of a cleansing composition comprising about 99.99% oxidized water, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), hypochlorous acid (1 IC)Cl) and sodium chloride (NaCl); and dispersing the quantity of the cleansing composition in and/or about and/or upon the surface and/or space.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein the cleansing composition is provided in a device configured to disperse the cleansing composition in and/or about and/or upon the surface and/or space, the device comprising: an explosive unit, a fluid container, and a housing, wherein the explosive unit and the fluid container are configured within the housing; and the method further comprises actuating the explosive unit.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein the explosive unit is configured to release the cleansing composition from the fluid container to disperse the cleansing composition to a local environment upon actuation of the device.

16. The method of claim 14, wherein the explosive unit is configured with a charge selected from the group consisting of: a chemical explosive, a compressed gas, a two-part system in which two agents are mixed to create a sufficiently fast reaction to be considered explosive, and combinations thereof.

17. The method of claim 14. wherein the housing comprises one or more release orifices that are in fluid communication with the fluid container.

18. The method of claim 14. wherein the housing is sufficiently frangible such that a detonation of the explosive unit causes the release of the cleansing composition by breaking through the housing with sufficient force to disperse the cleansing composition.

19. The method of claim 14, wherein the fluid container is constructed

inert and/or non-reactive material with respect to the cleansing composition.

20. Phe method of claim 14. wherein the device further comprises a timer to control the timing of actuation of the device to allow for a time delay between activation of the device and actuation of the explosive unit.

21. The method of claim 20, wherein the device further comprises a receiver and/or a transmitter to enable wireless communication between the device and a remote control unit.

22. The method of claim 14, wherein the device further comprises a user interface to allow a user to actuate the device.

23. The method of claim 14. wherein the device further comprises a power source in electronic communication with one or more components of the device selected from the group consisting of a timer, a user interface, and the explosive unit.

24. A cleansing pad, comprising: an inner surface; an outer surface; an inner layer impregnated with an inner layer composition; and an outer layer.

25. The cleansing pad of claim 24, wherein the inner layer composition is a cleansing composition.

26. The cleansing pad of claim 24, wherein the inner layer composition comprises about 99.99% oxidized water, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and sodium chloride (NaCl).

27. The cleansing pad of claim 24. wherein the inner layer composition is in the form of a gel, a cream, a suspension, a paste, a salve or a viscous composition.

28. The cleansing pad of claim 24. wherein the inner layer composition is occlusive.

29. The cleansing pad of claim 24, wherein the inner layer and/or the inner surface is configured to impart a cooling effect.

30. The cleansing pad of claim 24. configured such that, in use, the inner surface remains in place on a surface of a subject to impart a desired beneficial effect until such time as the pad is changed or removed.

31. The cleansing pad of claim 24. wherein the inner layer is configured to wipe gross exposure matter from a surface.

32. The cleansing pad of claim 24, wherein the outer layer and/or the outer surface of the pad is moist or damp.

33. The cleansing pad of claim 24, wherein the outer iayer is impregnated with an outer laver composition.

11

34. The cleansing pad of claim 33, wherein the outer layer composition is a cleansing composition.

35. The cleansing pad of claim 33, wherein the outer layer composition comprises about 99.99% oxidized water, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and sodium chloride (NaCl).

36. 1 he cleansing pad of claim 24, wherein the outer layer is configured to wipe gross exposure matter from a surface.

37. The cleansing pad of claim 24. further comprising a barrier layer configured between the inner layer and the outer layer.

38. A method of treating a skin trauma victim, comprising: providing a cleansing pad, comprising: an inner surface, an outer surface, an inner layer impregnated with an inner layer composition, and an outer layer; and using the cleansing pad on an affected area on the skin trauma victim,

39. The method of claim 38, wherein using the cleansing pad comprises a step selected from the group consisting of wrapping a portion of the trauma victim in the cleansing pad, imparting a cooling effect on a surface on the trauma victim, wiping gross exposure matter from a surface on the trauma victim, decontaminating a surface on the trauma victim, affixing the cleansing pad on a surface of the trauma victim and combinations thereof.

40. The method of claim 38, wherein the skin trauma victim has a skin trauma selected from the group consisting of a heat burn, a chemical burn, an infectious sore, an infectious ulceration, an abrasion, a cut, a puncture, a wound and combinations thereof.

41 . The method of claim 38, wherein the inner layer composition is a cleansing composition.

42. The method of claim 38, wherein the inner layer composition comprises about 99.99% oxidi/ed water, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and sodium chloride (NaCl).

43. The method of claim 38. wherein the inner layer composition is occlusive.

44. The method of claim 38, wherein the inner layer and-Or the inner surface is configured to impart a cooling effect.

45. The method of claim 38. wherein the cleansing pad is configured such that, in use. the inner surface remains in place on a surface of a subject to impart a desired beneficial effect until such time as the pad is changed or removed.

46. The method of claim 38, wherein the inner layer is configured to wipe gross exposure matter from a surface.

47. The method of claim 38. wherein the outer layer and/or the outer surface of the pad is moist or damp.

48. The method of claim 38. wherein the outer layer is impregnated with an outer layer composition.

49. The method of claim 48. wherein the outer layer composition is a cleansing composition.

50. The method of claim 48. wherein the outer layer composition comprises about 99.99% oxidized water, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), hypochlorous acid (IIOC1) and sodium chloride (NaCl).

51. The method of claim 38, wherein the outer layer is configured to wipe gross exposure matter from a surface.

52. The method of claim 38, wherein the cleansing pad further comprises a barrier layer configured between the inner layer and the outer layer.