WO2010020443A1

WO2010020443A1 - Low-loss compact radiating element

Info

Publication number: WO2010020443A1
Application number: PCT/EP2009/057029
Authority: WO
Inventors: Hervé Legay; Barbara Bonnet; David Nevo; Claude Drevon; Philippe Monfraix; Chloé SCHAFFAUSER; Renaud Chiniard
Original assignee: Thales
Priority date: 2008-08-19
Filing date: 2009-06-08
Publication date: 2010-02-25
Also published as: EP2316149A1; FR2935198A1; EP2316149B1; FR2935198B1

Abstract

The low-loss compact radiating element comprises at least one resonator (10) mounted on a radiating ground plane and at least one feed stripline (1), and is such that: the stripline (1) is screened and moulded in a resin (30), the resin having at least one face (34) covered with a metal layer constituting the radiating ground plane on which the resonator (10) is mounted; the moulded screened stripline is mounted orthogonally to the metallized face of the resin, beneath the radiating ground plane; and a metal transition element (13) is connected to the second end (8) of the metal track (2) so as to extend this track to the outside of the resin (30), the metal transition element (13) being pressed against the resonator (10) in order for said resonator (10) to be directly excited. Application in particular to active antennas.

Description

Low-loss compact radiating element

The present invention relates to a compact radiating element with low losses. It applies in particular to the field of active antennas transmitting / receiving radio frequency signals.

Active antennas generally consist of a network of radiating elements connected to passive and active microwave components, such as filters, amplifiers, phase shifters, and a beamforming network that combines the electromagnetic signals emitted by each radiating element. The connections between radiating elements and active equipment must be as short as possible in order to reduce transmission losses. In addition, the electromagnetic signal processing means must be placed as close as possible to the emission source and the transmitting and receiving means must be located in the mesh of the network.

The supply of the radiating elements is most often carried out by electromagnetic coupling of the resonant structure to the supply line which is parallel to the radiating mass plane and produced in so-called planar technology. The feed line can be, for example, of the microstrip, coplanar or stripline type (stripline) and it can be coupled to the resonant structure either by proximity coupling or by electromagnetic coupling through a slot. coupling performed in the radiating mass plane.

This planar technology poses a number of technical problems.

Indeed, the power supply circuit being placed on the radiating ground plane or under it, the resonant structure can be disturbed by unwanted radiation or parasitic couplings.

Moreover, the supply circuit being placed parallel to the plane radiant mass, it is difficult to insert into the mesh network active equipment. This difficulty is further reinforced when the network operates in orthogonal polarizations, since it is then necessary to double certain equipment (especially active ones). It is therefore the insertion constraints that impose the minimum sizes of the meshs of the networks. The planar technology with excitation parallel to the radiating mass plane is therefore handicapped by the need to produce multilayer circuits on which microwave circuits such as filtering circuits, redundancy switches, low noise amplifiers, etc. are reported. ... It requires connections between good quality layers for microwave signals, which is complex to achieve.

EP 1 605 546 discloses examples of compact radiating elements having an orthogonal supply line and a coupling aperture for transferring electromagnetic energy from the orthogonal line to a dielectric resonator. In the case where the radiating elements are embedded in a resin parallelepiped provided with a metal shield, the dielectric resonator is mounted on the upper face of the parallelepiped and the active devices are arranged along the feed line and molded in the parallelepiped. All active devices are integrated in a very compact volume and very close to the radiating element.

However, this technology has two disadvantages. In the case of double polarization operation, it is necessary to decenter the coupling slots relative to the center of the dielectric resonator to accommodate one for each polarization. This decentering results in less coupling efficiency and significant backward radiation. Moreover, a loss of energy occurs in the resin parallelepiped, which causes a risk of excitation of a cavity mode and parasitic resonances in the shielded parallelepiped. These losses are due to the back radiation and the fact that the power line is not shielded.

The object of the present invention is to remedy these drawbacks by proposing a compact low loss radiating element comprising an orthogonal plane waveguide, in particular a triplate line, totally shielded to orthogonally excite a dielectric resonator.

For this purpose, the subject of the invention is a compact radiating element with low losses, comprising at least one resonator mounted on a radiating ground plane and at least one triplate feed line comprising, in thickness, an internal metal track comprised between two dielectric substrates, each substrate having a metallized outer face, the metal track having a length extending between a first and a second end of the triplate line, characterized in that:

- The triplate line is shielded and molded in a resin, the resin having at least one face covered with a metal layer constituting the radiating ground plane on which the resonator is mounted, - the shielded and molded triplate line is mounted orthogonally relative to the metallized side of the resin, under the radiant mass plane, and in that it further comprises

- A metal transition element connected to the second end of the metal track so as to extend this track outside the resin, the metal transition element being pressed against the resonator to directly excite said resonator.

Advantageously, the compact radiating element comprises at least a first and a second row of metallized holes passing through the thickness of the two substrates of the strip line, the two rows of metallized holes being disposed on either side of the metallized track on the entire length of said track, thus ensuring the shielding of the triplate line. The metal transition element may be formed by the extended metal track outside the triplate line.

Preferably, the resonator is made of a dielectric material having a parallelepipedal shape.

According to one embodiment, the metal transition element is positioned perpendicularly to the radiating mass plane, in a groove machined in the resonator. Preferably, the groove is machined in one of the faces of the resonator and the face provided with the machined groove is disposed in line with the metal track.

Advantageously, the compact radiating element further comprises an electrical connector connected to the first end of the metal track. The electrical connector can be molded into the resin.

Preferably, the compact radiating element further comprises active components molded in the resin.

In a particular embodiment, the compact radiating element comprises at least two independent triplate lines made on two different printed circuits, the printed circuits being oriented in two perpendicular planes, the two triplic lines and the two printed circuits being molded into one and the same resin block, each triplate line having a metal track and a metal transition element connected to the track, the two transition elements being respectively pressed against two side faces of the dielectric resonator.

In another particular embodiment, the compact radiating element comprises at least two triplate lines made on the same printed circuit, each triplate line having a metal track, the two triplic lines being spaced from one another and shielded respectively by at least first and second rows of through-going through holes, the dielectric resonator being oriented at 45 ° with respect to the printed circuit having the two triplate lines. In another particular embodiment, the compact radiating element comprises at least a first and a second orthogonally polarized dielectric resonators and two independent triplic lines made on two different printed circuits, the two printed circuits being oriented in two perpendicular planes, each line plate comprising a metal track and a metal transition element connected to the track, the two triplic lines and the two printed circuits being molded in a same block of resin, the metal transition elements being fixed on a lateral face of the first, respectively of the second, resonator.

In another particular embodiment, the compact radiating element comprises at least two triplate lines made on the same printed circuit, the two triplate lines and the two printed circuits being molded in the same resin block, and at least one first and a second resonator mounted on a first, respectively on a second, metallized face of the resin block, each triplate line having a metal track, the two tracks being spaced from one another and shielded respectively by at least a first and a second rows of through metal holes, the two metal tracks being respectively connected to a side face of the first and second resonators respectively.

According to a particular embodiment of the resonator, the resonator is made of a dielectric material, has a cavity having an inner surface conforming to the shape of the resin in which is molded at least one triplate line.

The invention also relates to an active antenna comprising at least one compact radiating element.

Other features and advantages of the invention will become clear in the following description given by way of purely illustrative and non-limiting example, with reference to the attached schematic drawings which represent: Figures 1a, 1b, 1c: three schematic views in perspective and in cross section, of an example of triplate feed line, according to the invention; FIGS. 2a and 2b: two partial diagrammatic views, in perspective, of an example of a compact radiating element according to the invention; FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic perspective view of a compact radiator exciter circuit provided with a first connector example, according to the invention; FIGS. 4a, 4b, 4c: three schematic views in perspective and from the front, of a compact radiator exciter circuit provided with a second example of a connector, according to the invention; FIG. 5a: a schematic perspective view of an example of a compact radiating element integrated into a resin parallelepiped according to the invention; FIG. 5b: a perspective view of an exemplary antenna comprising a compact radiating element, according to the invention; FIGS. 6a and 6b: two schematic front and top views of a first exemplary embodiment of a compact radiating element comprising two exciter sources, according to the invention; FIGS. 7a and 7b: two schematic front and top views of a second exemplary embodiment of a compact radiating element comprising two exciter sources according to the invention; Figure 8 is a schematic top view of a third embodiment of a compact radiating element to improve the decoupling between the excitatory sources according to the invention; FIGS. 9a, 9b: two diagrammatic views from above and in section in the plane of the exciter circuit for a fourth exemplary embodiment of a compact radiator element with three resonators making it possible to improve the decoupling between the excitatory sources according to the invention; - Figure 10: a schematic view of an example of implantation of a radiating element in a spherical antenna, according to the invention. With reference to FIGS. 1a and 1b, the strip line 1 comprises a metal strip 2 between two substrates 3, 4, each substrate consisting of a dielectric material 3b, 4b, having a completely metallized outer surface 3a, 4a . The external metal planes 3a, 4a constitute the ground planes of the triplate line. This triplate line can for example be achieved using two double-sided printed circuits mounted head to tail or a multilayer printed circuit. According to the invention, the metal track is totally shielded laterally by at least a first and a second row of metallized holes 5, 6, passing through the thickness of the two substrates 3, 4 and thus connecting the two external metal planes 3a, 4a. The two rows of metallized holes are arranged on either side of the metal track 2 and along the latter between its two ends 7, 8. To improve the shielding, it is possible to have several rows of metallized holes from and other track, as shown for example in Figure 1 c. In this case, the holes 18, 19, arranged in two adjacent rows may preferably be arranged in staggered rows. The triplate line is completely shielded, the risk of leakage from the sides is then significantly reduced, or even eliminated.

Referring to FIGS. 2a and 2b, the compact radiating element comprises an orthogonal plane waveguide, more particularly a triplate line as described in FIG. 1 mounted orthogonally with respect to the resonator 10. The resonator 10 can be for example a dielectric resonator, or a patch etched on a substrate or a dielectric resonator on which is etched a patch. The resonator 10 may have different geometrical shapes, such as for example a parallelepipedal shape as shown in FIGS. 2a and 2b and comprise four lateral faces and two respectively upper and lower faces. In FIGS. 2a and 2b, one of the faces 1 1 of the resonator 10, for example a lateral face, is arranged parallel to the plane of the strip line 1 and to the right of the metal strip 2. A metal transition element 13 is connected to the second end 8 of the metal track 2 so as to extend this metal track, the metal transition element 13 being pressed against said face 1 1 of the resonator 10 to directly excite this resonator. This metal transition element 13 constitutes an exciter source of the resonator 10. Advantageously, the positioning of the element of metal transition 13 on the face 1 1 of the resonator 10 is calculated so as to optimize the coupling of the stripline line 1 to the resonator 10. In particular, the metal transition element 13 is preferably positioned in the middle of the face 1 1 with respect to the two adjacent side walls 14, 15 to this face 1. Alternatively, the exciter source of the resonator could be arranged differently, for example positioned in a hole or a local machining arranged in the resonator, the position of the hole or local machining depending on the desired operating mode. For example, it is possible to make a hole near the center of the resonator.

The resonator 10 may be made of a dielectric material, for example ceramic such as alumina, or of an organic material, and may comprise an air cavity machined in the dielectric, the air cavity making it possible to widen the bandwidth of the resonator. The metal transition element 13 may be constituted by an extension of the metal track 2 out of the plate line 1 and positioned, then fixed, for example by gluing, on the resonator 10.

Alternatively, as shown in Figures 2a and 2b, the metal transition element 13 may be constituted by a metal pin mounted in an orifice 16 formed in the substrate of the strip line 1 opposite the metal track. The metal pin is then positioned and fixed, for example by gluing, in a groove 17 machined in the resonator, for example on the face 1 1 of the resonator 10.

The power supply of the radiating element can be achieved by means of an insert connector 20 having a central core 21 connected to the first end 7 of the track as shown in FIG. 3. The mounting of the connector 20 on the Stripline line 1 may for example be made, after molding in the resin parallelepiped 30, by insertion of the central core 21 in a hole drilled through the strip line 1, the core 21 can be fixed on the metal track 2 by a conductive adhesive, the body of the connector 20 can be fixed on the outer surface of the triplate line 1 by a conductive adhesive, optionally reinforced by a second adhesive to obtain a good mechanical adhesion. Alternatively, as shown in FIGS. 4a, 4b, 4c, the electrical power supply of the radiating element can be achieved by means of a molded connector 22. In this case, the stripline line must comprise a special arrangement at the of the transition with the connector 22. According to the invention, one of the substrates 3 of the triplate line comprises a machining 23 at the end 7 so as to have the connector 22. The machining 23 may extend over the entire width of the substrate as shown in Figures 4a and 4b, or only a portion of the width of the substrate as shown in Figure 4c. The connector 22 is provided with two lateral metal tabs 24, 25, situated on either side of its metal core 26. At the transition with the connector, at the level of the recess, the line is then no longer of the type triplate but of the coplanar type, that is to say that two metal ground planes 27, 28, are arranged on the non-machined substrate 4, on either side of the track 2. At the transition zone , the coplanar line is optimized with metallized holes 29 made through the thickness of the substrate 4 and lateral ground planes 27, 28, on either side of the track 2. The connector 22 is positioned on the substrate 4 provided with the coplanar line, its central metal core 26 is welded to the track 2 and its two lateral lugs 24, 25 are welded to the lateral mass planes 27, 28, of the coplanar line. To prevent radiation losses occurring at the recess 23 of the transition zone where the track 2 is not surmounted by a higher metal ground plane, a metal cap, not shown, can be added to the above the transition zone equipped with the molded connector. In the case shown in FIG. 4c, the connector 22 is surrounded by the ground planes of the triplate line.

Advantageously, as shown in FIG. 5a, to facilitate mounting of the resonator 10 with respect to the strip line 1, said strip line 1 may be molded in resin and form a support structure for the resonator 10. Preferably, as shown on the different embodiments of the invention, the triplate line is molded in a parallelepiped-shaped resin block and forms a resin parallelepiped 30. Alternatively, it is possible to choose a different form of a parallelepiped. In the case where the connector is a molded connector 22, the assembly constituted by the stripline line 1 and the connector 22 can be integrated and / or molded in the same resin parallelepiped 30. Similarly, it is also possible to integrate and / or mold together in the resin parallelepiped 30, different microwave components 31, such as amplifiers, filters, phase shifters. The resin parallelepiped comprises 4 lateral faces, a lower face 33 and an upper face 34. At least one of the faces, for example the upper face 34, of the parallelepiped 30 is covered with a metal layer constituting a radiant ground plane. . Although it is not essential, the other faces of the resin parallelepiped can also be metallized to achieve a shielding of the parallelepiped.

The strip line 1 is positioned orthogonally with respect to the metallized face 34 of the resin, under the radiating mass plane and may for example be oriented so that the plane of the waveguide formed by the strip line is parallel to two faces 32 of the parallelepiped 30. The resonator 10 is mounted on the metallized face 34 of the resin 30.

For example, in FIG. 5a, the lower face of the resonator 10 is mounted on the metallized face 34 of the parallelepiped 30 and oriented so that the lateral face 11 of the resonator 10 is parallel to the lateral faces 32, 35, of the parallelepiped 30 and than the plane of the waveguide formed by the triplate line. The metal transition element 13, constituting the exciter source, extends the metal track 2 outside the parallelepiped 30 and is fixed on the side face 11 of the resonator as indicated above with reference to Figures 2a and 2b.

The radiating element thus produced in three-dimensional technology, called 3D technology, is very compact and with low losses. It radiates energy at a chosen wavelength when excited by the triplate feed line. As shown in FIG. 5b, an antenna can be made by arranging a waveguide provided with a horn 36 above the dielectric resonator of the radiating element, the antenna being able to operate in the Ka or Ku band in a mono- polarization.

FIGS. 6a and 6b show a first exemplary embodiment of a compact radiating element adapted for producing an antenna operating in bi-polarization. In this embodiment, two independent triplic lines 61, 62 are made on two different printed circuits. Each line may include an impedance matching means 63 called stub. The stub can be constituted for example by a local enlargement of the track. The two triplic lines 61, 62, are arranged in perpendicular planes and each comprise a metal transition element, 64, 65, respectively connected to the track 60, 69, of the corresponding triplate line. Preferably, the two triplate lines are integrated and / or molded in the same block of resin such as for example a resin parallelepiped 30, each triplate line being oriented parallel to two different lateral faces of the resin parallelepiped. One face, for example the upper face of the resin parallelepiped is metallized to form a radiant ground plane. A dielectric resonator 10 is mounted on the metallized face of the resin parallelepiped constituting the radiating ground plane so that the two transition elements 64, 65 are respectively in contact with two lateral faces 11, 15 of the resonator 10. A guide of FIG. wave associated with a horn 68 is placed above the resonator to form an antenna. The antenna thus obtained operates in bi-polarization when it is fed via two connectors mounted at the end of each track, as described above in connection with FIGS. 3, 4a, 4b, 4c.

Similarly, it is possible to obtain a multi-polarization antenna by using four triplate lines each provided with a metal transition element, each metal transition element being respectively fixed on one of the side faces of the resonator.

Figures 7a and 7b show a second embodiment of a compact radiating element adapted for producing an antenna operating in bi-polarization. In this example, two triplate lines are made on the same printed circuit board 75. The two metal tracks 71, 72, are spaced from one another and shielded respectively by at least a first and a second row of through holes, represented in FIGS. 7a and 7b. The rows of holes are positioned along each track and on both sides of it. The printed circuit containing the two triplate lines is molded in a resin parallelepiped 30 and mounted orthogonally with respect to the plane radiant mass formed by a metal layer deposited on the upper face of the resin parallelepiped 30. A resonator 10 is positioned on the radiant ground plane and oriented at 45 ° with respect to the printed circuit containing the triplic lines. Two transition elements 73, 74, respectively fixed on the tracks 71, 72, and on two consecutive lateral faces of the resonator 10 make it possible to excite the latter. A dual polarization antenna is then obtained by coupling the resonator to a waveguide provided with a horn 68. Similarly, a multi-polarization antenna can be obtained by using four triplic lines made in pairs on two different printed circuit boards. , the four transition elements fixed on the respective tracks of the triplic lines being respectively fixed on the four lateral faces of the resonator.

The two configurations described in connection with FIGS. 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b using a single resonator for several excitatory sources work well. Through the excitatory sources, the dielectric resonator captures the radio-frequency power propagating in the triplic lines and restores it to the horn of the antenna. However, in the presence of several excitatory sources, the restitution of the radio-frequency power by the resonator to the horn of the antenna is incomplete due to a coupling between the two excitatory sources, which generates significant power losses at the of the horn of the antenna.

FIG. 8 shows a third exemplary embodiment of a compact radiating element making it possible to improve the decoupling between the excitatory sources.

In this example, two independent triplate lines 81, 82, made on two different printed circuits, are mounted orthogonally with respect to a metal radiating plane 85 in a configuration identical to that shown in Figures 6a and 6b. The two triplate lines are oriented in two perpendicular planes and each comprise a metallic transition element, respectively 86,

87, connected to the track of the corresponding triplate line. The two metal transition elements 86, 87 are not connected on two adjacent faces of the same resonator but are connected to two dielectric resonators 83,

84, different, the two resonators 83, 84, being orthogonally polarized. Thus each exciter source excites a different resonator operating in mono-polarization, which increases the decoupling between the sources with respect to the use of a common resonator excited double-polarization. Similar configurations with four resonators arranged in planes oriented at 90 ° to each other can be performed in the same way.

Figures 9a and 9b show a fourth embodiment of a compact radiating element to improve the decoupling between the excitatory sources.

In this example, three triplate lines are made on the same circuit board, but their number could be different. The three metal tracks 91, 92, 93 are spaced from one another and shielded respectively by at least a first and a second row of through holes, not shown in Figures 9a and 9b. The rows of holes are positioned along each track and on both sides of it. The printed circuit comprising three triplate lines is molded into a resin parallelepiped 30 as described above with reference to FIGS. 7a and 7b. Three faces of the resin parallelepiped are metallized to form three orthogonal radiating ground planes on which three different resonators are respectively mounted. In FIG. 9b, a first resonator 95 is mounted on the upper face of the resin parallelepiped, a second 94 and a third resonator 96 are respectively mounted on two lateral faces of said resin parallelepiped. To make the connection, via three different transition elements, of the three tracks 91, 92, 93, with the three respective resonators 94, 95, 96, the two tracks 91 and 93 were bent at 90 °. This configuration makes it possible to excite several resonators mounted on orthogonal faces of a parallelepiped and is perfectly suitable for producing multi-beam radiating elements.

Advantageously, for applications in which the wavelength of the signal is large, for example of the order of 150 mm in the S-band, and as represented in the embodiment of FIG. 10, to optimize the radiation surface and to improve the efficiency of the antenna when it is small compared to the wavelength of the signal, the resonator 10 may be constituted by a dielectric block 97 having an oversized shape with respect to the resin block 30. The dielectric block functions as a dielectric resonator but can not be placed on the single upper surface of the resin block. In this case, the dielectric block constituting the resonator can then surround the resin block. The size of this dielectric block depends on the permittivity of the dielectric and the order of the excited resonant mode.

In FIG. 10, the dielectric 97 comprises a cavity 99 having an inner surface 98 conforming to the shape of the resin block 30 and a substantially spherical external surface 90. The resin block 30, preferably of parallelepipedal shape, comprising at least one triplate line, a connector, and the various active components, can then be housed in the cavity of the dielectric 97. In this case, the excitation source (s) of the resonator 10 , for example one or more metal transition elements 13, can be fixed in a hole or a local machining arranged in the dielectric 97. The inner surface 98 can for example be flat so that the antenna is stable if it is intended to be placed on the ground. By way of example, for a 2GHz application and a relative permittivity dielectric block equal to 10, excited in its fundamental mode, a radiating element can be realized with a dielectric block having the shape of a semi-hemispherical dome , height 6cm, in which is formed the form of resin block for example cubic dimension 8 cm ³ . The hemispheric form is in no way obligatory. It could also be a cylindrical block, even cubic. The shape and dimensions of the block will determine their own resonance modes. It is around these resonances that the wave can be transmitted from the triplate line to the dielectric block, and that the radiating element radiates.

Although the invention has been described in connection with several particular embodiments, it is obvious that it is not limited thereto and that it comprises all the technical equivalents of the means described and their combinations if they are within the scope of the invention.

Claims

A compact low-loss radiating element comprising at least one resonator mounted on a radiating ground plane and at least one triplate feed line comprising, in thickness, an inner metal track (2) lying between two dielectric substrates

(3, 4), each substrate having a metallized outer face (3a, 4a) the metal track (2) having a length extending between a first and a second end (7, 8) of the triplate line (1), characterized in that

- the triplate line (1) is shielded and molded in a resin (30), the resin having at least one face (34) covered with a metal layer constituting the radiating ground plane on which the resonator (I O) is mounted,

the shielded and molded triplate line is mounted orthogonally with respect to the metallized face of the resin, under the radiant mass plane, and in that it further comprises

a metal transition element (13) connected to the second end (8) of the metal track (2) so as to extend this track outside the resin (30), the metal transition element (13) being pressed against the resonator (10) to directly energize said resonator (10).

2. compact radiating element according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises at least a first (5) and a second (6) rows of metallized holes passing through the thickness of the two substrates of the stripline line (1), the two rows of metallized holes (5, 6) being arranged on either side of the metallized track (2) along the entire length of said track (2), thereby shielding the triplate line.

3. compact radiating element according to claim 2, characterized in that the metal track (2) is extended outside the triplate line (1) to form the metal transition element (13).

4. Compact radiating element according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the resonator (10) is made of a dielectric material and has a parallelepiped shape.

5. compact radiating element according to claim 4, characterized in that the metal transition element (13) is positioned perpendicularly to the radiating ground plane, in a groove machined in the resonator (10).

6. Compact radiating element according to claim 5, characterized in that the groove is machined in a face (1 1) of the resonator (10) disposed in line with the metal track (2).

7. Compact radiating element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it further comprises an electrical connector (20, 22) connected to the first end (7) of the metal track (2).

8. compact radiating element according to claim 7, characterized in that the strip line and the electrical connector (22) are molded in the resin (30).

9. Compact radiating element according to claim 8, characterized in that it further comprises active components (31) molded in the resin (30).

10. Compact radiating element according to one of claims 4 to 9, characterized in that it comprises at least two independent triplic lines (61, 62) made on two different printed circuits, the printed circuits being oriented in two perpendicular planes, the two triplate lines and the two printed circuits being molded in the same block (30) of resin, each triplate line (61, 62) having a metal track (60, 69) and a metal transition element (64, 65) connected at the track (60, 69), the two elements of transition (64, 65) being respectively pressed against two side faces (1 1, 15) of the dielectric resonator (10).

11. Compact radiating element according to one of claims 4 to 9, characterized in that it comprises at least two triplic lines made on the same printed circuit (75), each triplate line having a metal track (71, 72) such than the two metal tracks

(71, 72) are spaced from each other and shielded respectively by at least first and second rows of through-plated through holes, the two triplate lines and the printed circuit being molded in a same resin block (30). , the dielectric resonator (10) being oriented at 45 ° with respect to the printed circuit (75) comprising the two triplic lines.

12. Compact radiating element according to one of claims 4 to 9, characterized in that it comprises at least a first and a second dielectric resonators (83, 84) orthogonally polarized and two independent triplic lines (81, 82) made on two different printed circuits, the two printed circuits being oriented in two perpendicular planes, each triplate line (81, 82) comprising a metal track and a metal transition element (86, 87) connected to the track, the two triplic lines and the two printed circuits being molded in the same block (30) of resin, the metal transition elements (86, 87) being fixed on a lateral face of the first and second resonators (83, 84) respectively.

13. Compact radiating element according to one of claims 4 to 9, characterized in that it comprises at least two triplic lines made on the same printed circuit, the two triplate lines and the printed circuit being molded in the same block (30). ) of resin, and at least first and second resonators (94, 95) mounted on a first, respectively on a second, metallized face of the resin block (30), each triplate line having a metal track (91, 92) the two tracks (91, 92) being spaced from one another and shielded respectively by at least first and second rows of through-going through holes, the two tracks being respectively connected to a side face of the first, respectively the second, resonator (94, 95).

14. Compact radiating element according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the resonator (10) is made of a dielectric material (97), comprises a cavity (99) having an inner surface

(98) conforming to the shape of the resin (30) in which at least one triplate line is molded.

15. An active antenna characterized in that it comprises at least one compact radiating element according to one of the preceding claims.