WO2010019144A1 - Système et procédé pour l'injection de cryogène liquide dans des dispositifs manquants ou de mélange - Google Patents

Système et procédé pour l'injection de cryogène liquide dans des dispositifs manquants ou de mélange Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010019144A1
WO2010019144A1 PCT/US2008/073086 US2008073086W WO2010019144A1 WO 2010019144 A1 WO2010019144 A1 WO 2010019144A1 US 2008073086 W US2008073086 W US 2008073086W WO 2010019144 A1 WO2010019144 A1 WO 2010019144A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
liquid cryogen
injection
warm fluid
nozzle
injectors
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2008/073086
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
John Martin Girard
David Joseph King
Theodore Hall Gasteyer
Yeu-Chuan Simon Ho
Original Assignee
Praxair Technology, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Praxair Technology, Inc. filed Critical Praxair Technology, Inc.
Priority to PCT/US2008/073086 priority Critical patent/WO2010019144A1/fr
Publication of WO2010019144A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010019144A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D3/00—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies
    • F25D3/10—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies using liquefied gases, e.g. liquid air
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
    • A23L3/36—Freezing; Subsequent thawing; Cooling
    • A23L3/37—Freezing; Subsequent thawing; Cooling with addition of or treatment with chemicals
    • A23L3/375—Freezing; Subsequent thawing; Cooling with addition of or treatment with chemicals with direct contact between the food and the chemical, e.g. liquid nitrogen, at cryogenic temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B47/00—Arrangements for preventing or removing deposits or corrosion, not provided for in another subclass
    • F25B47/006—Arrangements for preventing or removing deposits or corrosion, not provided for in another subclass for preventing frost

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a system and method for cooling a product or material in a blending or mixing device, and more particularly to a system and injection apparatus for injecting a liquid cryogen within a blender or mixer device.
  • the present invention may be characterized as a liquid cryogen based blending or mixing system.
  • the system comprises: a housing defining a cooling chamber; a plurality of injectors disposed within the cooling chamber and adapted for injection of a liquid cryogen into the cooling chamber; a liquid cryogen flow circuit adapted to couple a source of liquid cryogen to the plurality of injectors for injection into the cooling chamber; a gas flow circuit adapted to couple a source of gas with the plurality of injectors; and a controller adapted to operatively control the injection of liquid cryogen from the plurality of injectors into the cooling chamber and concurrently control the flow of gas to the plurality of injectors to maintain the plurality of injectors at a prescribed temperature range.
  • the present invention may be characterized as a liquid cryogen nozzle for a blending or mixing system comprising: a nozzle body defining a flow path connecting a first opening at a proximate end of the nozzle body for receiving a liquid cryogen and a second opening at a distal end of the nozzle body for delivering the liquid cryogen to the blending system; an insulating sleeve disposed around the nozzle body defining an outer surface of the nozzle, the insulating sleeve adapted for circulating a warm fluid therethrough to maintain the outer surface of the nozzle at a prescribed temperature range.
  • the invention may be characterized as a method of introducing liquid cryogen into a blending system comprising the steps of: injecting a liquid cryogen via a plurality of nozzles into a cooling chamber; and concurrently circulating a gas around the nozzles to maintain the nozzles within a prescribed temperature range.
  • FIG. 1 is a partial cut-away representation of a blending or mixing apparatus incorporating the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional representation of an embodiment of the preferred nozzle in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of the liquid cryogen and gas flow circuits associated with the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the cryogen injection nozzle in accordance with the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a more detailed, partial view of the cryogen injection nozzle of Fig. 4.
  • Fig. 6 is a perspective view of an alternate embodiment of the cryogen injection nozzle in accordance with the present invention.
  • blending system 10 includes a mixer or blender housing 11 defining a cooling chamber 12 that is adapted to mix or blend various products.
  • the system 10 further includes a refrigerant manifold 14 having portions of a liquid cryogen circuit 16 and a warm fluid circuit 17 disposed therein. Extending from the manifold 14 into the cooling chamber 12 is a plurality of cryogen injector nozzles 20.
  • the system 10 further includes a control system 50 operatively controlling the flow of a liquid cryogen through the liquid cryogen circuit 16 and the flow of a warm fluid through the warm fluid circuit 17 as well as the periodic injection of the liquid cryogen and warm fluid via the nozzles 20 into the cooling chamber 12.
  • the warm fluid circuit 17 includes a warm fluid supply circuit 18 and a warm fluid return circuit 19.
  • the nozzles 20 extend from the manifold 14 into the chamber 12 to a location proximate or below the level or anticipated level of the product in the chamber 12.
  • the preferred placement of the nozzles 20 is to a position where the nozzle tip is below the product level in the mixing chamber 12 of a blender system 10.
  • Such an arrangement allows the liquid cryogen injected from the nozzle 20 to lance through the product and circulate or move within the product in the mixing chamber as long as possible, thereby maximizing the cold transfer.
  • the manifold 14 containing the liquid cryogen is centrally disposed such that liquid cryogen is injected into the product as the product within the cooling chamber 12 rotates toward the center of the mixer housing 11.
  • the nozzles 20 extend downward from the manifold 14 such that the product flows around the nozzle tips.
  • the manifold 14 as well as all transfer lines and other portions of the liquid cryogen circuit 16 and warm fluid circuit 17 remain above the level of the product.
  • the nozzles and associated components in a single axis mixer would preferably be located such that the injected liquid cryogen would travel with the product on the downward motion of the rotational movement.
  • nozzle placements may also include locations on the sides or bottom of the housing. Such side and bottom nozzle placements may require alternate flow control schemes, particularly for the warm fluid circuit, so as to keep the nozzles functioning properly.
  • Fig. 2 there is shown a representation of a nozzle 20 adapted for use in the presently disclosed system.
  • the illustrated nozzle 20 includes an upper portion 21 having a proximate end 22 and a lower portion 23 defining a distal end 24.
  • the upper portion 21 of the nozzle 20 is disposed within or affixed to the refrigeration manifold 14.
  • the lower portion 23 extends into the mixing or blending chamber where the distal end 24 of the nozzle 20 is disposed proximate to or into contact with the product to be frozen.
  • the nozzle 20 includes an inner or centrally disposed tube 25 adapted to receive liquid cryogen from a source of liquid cryogen (not shown) via a manifold 14 and deliver liquid cryogen to an injection point within the mixing or blending chamber.
  • the inner or centrally disposed tube 25 includes a first opening 26 at the proximate end 22 of the nozzle 20 for receiving a liquid cryogen from the liquid cryogen circuit 16, a body portion 27, and a second opening 28 at the distal end 24 of the nozzle 20 for delivering the liquid cryogen to the blending chamber.
  • the centrally disposed tube 25 may also be fluidically coupled to the warm fluid circuit to provide a controlled pre-injection or post injection purging of the inner or centrally disposed tube 25 with the warm fluid, preferably a gas such as nitrogen vapor.
  • the nozzle 20 further includes an outer sleeve 30 concentrically disposed around the inner or centrally disposed liquid cryogen tube 25.
  • the outer sleeve 30 also defines an outer surface 32 of the nozzle 20.
  • the outer sleeve 30 is adapted for circulating a warm fluid, preferably a heated gas such as a heated nitrogen vapor, therethrough to maintain the outer surface 32 of the nozzle and the nozzle tip or distal end 24 within prescribed temperature ranges.
  • the prescribed temperature of the outer surface 32 is such that the product to be frozen does not freeze onto the outer surface 32 or distal end 24 of the nozzle 20.
  • a sealed annular space 35 Interposed between the inner or centrally disposed tube 25 and the outer sleeve 30 is a sealed annular space 35 which operates to insulate the liquid cryogen flowing within the body portion 27 of the inner or central tube 25 from the warm fluid flowing through the outer sleeve 30.
  • the sealed annular space 35 is concentrically disposed around the body portion 27 of the inner tube 25 and does not extend to the tip or distal end 24 of the nozzle 20. Rather there is a direct interface between the outer sleeve 30 and the inner tube 25 proximate the tip or distal end 24 of the nozzle 20.
  • the sealed annular space 35 between the body portion 27 of the inner tube 25 and outer sleeve 30 serves as a thermal break which minimizes the cold transfer from the liquid cryogen flowing within the inner tube 25 and the outer surface 32 of the nozzle 20.
  • the sealed annular space 35 can be filled with a gas, insulation material, or can even incorporate a vacuum.
  • each injector assembly includes a housing or manifold 14 that houses the three cryogen lines and a plurality of nozzles 20 with the proximate end 22 of each nozzle being fluidically coupled to the liquid cryogenic circuit 16.
  • each nozzle 20 is also independently coupled to the warm fluid supply circuit 18 and the warm fluid return circuit 19.
  • FIG. 3 there is shown a general flow schematic associated with an embodiment of the overall injection system 10.
  • the system 10 includes a plurality of nozzles 20 each of which is in flow communication with both the liquid cryogenic circuit 16 and the warm fluid circuit 17.
  • the liquid cryogenic circuit 16 includes a source of liquid cryogen 52 and a main control valve 54 disposed between the source of liquid cryogen 52 and the blender or mixer apparatus.
  • the main control valve 54 is operatively coupled to the control system 50 to shut off the flow of liquid cryogen when the system 10 is shut down either automatically, in emergency situations, or when other prescribed safety-related or operational situations are presented.
  • the liquid cryogen circuit 16 also includes a plurality of liquid cryogen conduits 56,57 each associated with one or more nozzles 20 and disposed downstream of the main control valve 54.
  • the liquid cryogenic circuit 16 also includes injection control valves 58,59 each of which is disposed in operative association with each liquid cryogenic conduit 56,57. Each injection control valve 58,59 is operatively controlled by the control system 50 in response to user settings, user commands, and related system operating parameters.
  • the warm fluid circuit 17 includes a warm fluid supply circuit 18 and a warm fluid return circuit 19.
  • the warm fluid supply circuit 18 further comprises a supply of the fluid 60, in this case nitrogen gas, and a main shutoff valve 62.
  • the main shutoff valve 62 is operatively coupled to the control system 50 to shut off the flow of nitrogen gas or other fluid when the system 10 is shut down either automatically, in emergency situations, or when other prescribed safety-related or operational situations are presented.
  • a gas control valve 64 and a fluid heater element 66 are also preferably disposed in the warm fluid supply circuit 18 to control the flow and temperature of the warm fluid to the outer sleeve of each nozzle 20.
  • the gas control valve 64 and the heater element 66 are also operatively controlled by the control system in response to system commands and operating parameters.
  • the warm fluid supply circuit 18 also includes one or more warm fluid injection circuits 70,72 diverting the nitrogen gas from the warm fluid supply circuit 18 to the liquid cryogen circuit 16. Within each warm fluid injection circuit 70,72 there is a warm fluid injection control valve 74,76 and a one way check valve 77,78 which prevents the liquid cryogen from flowing back into the warm fluid supply circuit 17. Like the other control valves, the warm fluid injection control valves 74,76 are operatively controlled by control system 50 to initiate a pre-injection and/or post injection of a select volume of the gas at the appropriate timing sequence via the nozzle 20.
  • the number of warm fluid injection circuits will generally match the number of liquid cryogen conduits such that each liquid cryogen conduit 56,57 is coupled to a warm fluid injection circuit 70,72 allowing the line and nozzles 20 to be purged with the nitrogen gas before and/or after injection of the liquid cryogen.
  • the warm fluid return circuit 19 includes a relief valve 82 and a vent 84 that allows the warm fluid to be vented outside the processing environment or used for other facility purposes.
  • An alternative embodiment, and in some applications the preferred embodiment, is to have the warm fluid circuit 17 form a closed loop circuit. Using the closed circuit approach, the fluid in the warm fluid return conduit 19 is circulated back to the warm fluid supply circuit 18 using a pump (not shown) or similar recirculating means.
  • the blender or mixer has an exhaust system 90 to remove any vapor generated as a result of liquid cryogen injection into the product within the mixer.
  • the exhausted vapors may contain the capacity to remove additional heat. Therefore, it is contemplated to recycle the exhausted vapors to other plant or facility refrigeration requirements including any post-mixing equipment downstream of the blending system 10.
  • the warm fluid e.g. nitrogen gas
  • the nitrogen gas provides purging or gassing to the liquid cryogen conduit 56,57 and the associated nozzles 20.
  • the purging is preferably done in advance of the liquid cryogen injection (i.e. pre-injection step) or subsequent to the liquid cryogen injection (i.e. post- injection step) or both.
  • the pre-injection step is useful in clearing or removing any product that might be attached to the nozzle tip associated with the particular liquid cryogen conduit 56,57.
  • the post-injection step is preferably used to clear the liquid cryogen conduit 56,57 and associated nozzle 20 of any remaining cryogenic liquid. This, in turn, prevents the nozzle tip from over-cooling and impedes any cold transmission from in the inner tube of the nozzle to the outer sleeve and outer surface of the nozzle.
  • the warm fluid circuit 17 provides the warm fluid that circulates through the outer sleeve of the nozzle 20 to prevent product from freezing or latching to the nozzle as well as preventing the nozzle body from getting overly cold.
  • Independent control of the injection control valves 58,59 is the preferred mode of operating the presently disclosed system 10. In the independent control scheme, the liquid cryogen (e.g.
  • liquid nitrogen injection is controlled by means of the control system 50 to cause intermittent flow of the liquid cryogen through the injection control valves 58,59 throughout the entire product treatment cycle.
  • the injection cycles for each of the nozzles are also staged such that liquid cryogen is mostly being delivered via one or more nozzles 20 into the chamber 12 but not all nozzles are concurrently injecting the liquid cryogen.
  • injection of liquid cryogen thru each nozzle is intermittently cycled on and off so as to avoid continuously injecting liquid cryogen during the entire product treatment cycle. Constant liquid injection from a single nozzle can lead to localized over- freezing of the product as well as damage or degradation in performance of the nozzle in the form of longer recovery and relaxation times for the nozzle.
  • the on and off cycle times for liquid cryogen injection through a nozzle or a plurality of nozzles can be periodic or aperiodic.
  • the preferred duration of each on or off cycle as well as other injection parameters are set by the user or otherwise programmed into the control system 50.
  • the warm fluid flows through the warm fluid supply circuit to the outer sleeve of the nozzle during the entire cycle to maintain each nozzles within a prescribed temperature range.
  • warm fluid e.g. nitrogen gas
  • the pre-injection and post-injection of warm fluid (e.g. nitrogen gas) through each nozzle is precisely controlled to occur during the appropriate off-cycle times for each nozzle.
  • the presently disclosed system provides a liquid cryogen based blending system and method incorporating an improved nozzle design and associated injection control techniques.
  • the system includes a liquid cryogen flow circuit, a heated gas flow circuit, and a plurality of injectors or nozzles disposed adapted for efficient injection of a liquid cryogen into or near a product to be cooled.
  • the disclosed system and method also includes a controller adapted to operatively control the injection of liquid cryogen and concurrently control the flow of heated gas to and thru the plurality of injectors.
  • the present system while specifically designed for food processing applications is equally applicable to other refrigeration and mixing applications including chemical, biopharmaceutical, and pharmaceutical materials and products.
  • the above- identified systems methods and the features associated therewith can be utilized alone or in conjunction with other food treatment processes and variations.
  • each of the specific steps involved in the disclosed methods, described herein, and each of the inputs, elements, or variables in the preferred injection system are easily modified or tailored to meet the specific product requirements which it is used or other operating environment and safety restrictions.
  • the present invention thus provides a system and method for injecting a liquid cryogen into a mixing and blending system. While the invention herein disclosed has been described by means of specific embodiments and processes associated therewith, numerous modifications and variations can be made thereto by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention as set forth in the claims or sacrificing all its material advantages.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Nutrition Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système et un procédé de mélange de cryogène liquide. Le mode de réalisation du système comprend un circuit d'écoulement de cryogène liquide, un circuit de fluide chauffé (18), et une pluralité d'injecteurs ou de buses (28) disposés pour être adaptés à l'injection de cryogène liquide dans un produit devant être refroidi ou près de celui-ci. Le système et le procédé décrits comprennent un contrôleur adapté pour contrôler opérationnellement l'injection de cryogène liquide et contrôler simultanément le fluide chaud d'écoulement, tel que la vapeur d’azote, jusqu'à la pluralité d'injecteurs et à travers celle-ci.
PCT/US2008/073086 2008-08-14 2008-08-14 Système et procédé pour l'injection de cryogène liquide dans des dispositifs manquants ou de mélange WO2010019144A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US2008/073086 WO2010019144A1 (fr) 2008-08-14 2008-08-14 Système et procédé pour l'injection de cryogène liquide dans des dispositifs manquants ou de mélange

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US2008/073086 WO2010019144A1 (fr) 2008-08-14 2008-08-14 Système et procédé pour l'injection de cryogène liquide dans des dispositifs manquants ou de mélange

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WO2010019144A1 true WO2010019144A1 (fr) 2010-02-18

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2017078944A1 (fr) * 2015-11-04 2017-05-11 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Buse d'injection d'azote liquide

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0611589A1 (fr) * 1993-01-29 1994-08-24 Praxair Technology, Inc. Cristallisateur cryogène à contact direct avec tube de circulation
US5989647A (en) * 1997-04-28 1999-11-23 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Heat-treatment device and process
US6510890B1 (en) * 2000-04-14 2003-01-28 Iowa State University Research Foundation, Inc. Continuous system and method for producing frozen food products
WO2003030663A1 (fr) * 2001-10-02 2003-04-17 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme A Directoire Et Conseil De Surveillance Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Procede et dispositif de refroidissement d'une masse de substance

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0611589A1 (fr) * 1993-01-29 1994-08-24 Praxair Technology, Inc. Cristallisateur cryogène à contact direct avec tube de circulation
US5989647A (en) * 1997-04-28 1999-11-23 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Heat-treatment device and process
US6510890B1 (en) * 2000-04-14 2003-01-28 Iowa State University Research Foundation, Inc. Continuous system and method for producing frozen food products
WO2003030663A1 (fr) * 2001-10-02 2003-04-17 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme A Directoire Et Conseil De Surveillance Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Procede et dispositif de refroidissement d'une masse de substance

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2017078944A1 (fr) * 2015-11-04 2017-05-11 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Buse d'injection d'azote liquide

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