Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
  • G01N33/26—Oils; Viscous liquids; Paints; Inks
  • G01N33/28—Oils, i.e. hydrocarbon liquids
  • G01N33/2835—Specific substances contained in the oils or fuels

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a method for preventing the operation of a vehicle engine.
• biodiesel is essentially in the form of methyl esters or ethyl esters of vegetable oils.
• the objective of some European countries is to incorporate 7% by volume of biodiesel as of January 2008 and 10% by volume in 2010.
• Biodiesel has the particularity of having a poor oxidation stability having an impact on the quality of the fuel.
• the use of unstable fuel can cause several types of malfunctions in the engine fuel system, including the formation of deposits in the tank or premature clogging of the diesel fuel filter.
• the presence of poor quality biodiesel in the engine lubricant can also change the properties of the lubricant.
• the resistance of the lubricant to oxidation can be impaired. Sediments resulting from the thermal degradation of biodiesel contained in the lubricant can also be formed.
• BHT 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol or 2,6-bis (1,1-dimethylethyl) -4-methylphenol or t-butylhydroxytoluene
• EP-B-0 863 490 discloses a method for calculating and displaying maintenance intervals in the case of components and / or resources of devices subject to wear and / or aging processes which include the detection of parameters that influence wear and / or aging.
• the method further comprises dividing the detected operating parameters into those having a constant relationship with the wear and / or aging of the components and / or resources and those having a discrete relationship.
• the method also includes determining a basic quantity by using at least one operating parameter having a constant relationship and quantizing at least one operating parameter into zones of different effects on wear and / or aging. and assigning an evaluation factor to the currently detected and / or derived operation parameter.
• the method also includes the optional determination of an average evaluation factor over a predefined time interval and the grouping of the determined operating parameters in an evaluation device, the quantized operating parameters being factorially taken into account with the unquantized operating parameters.
• the method further includes integrating the aggregated operating parameter magnitudes into adjustable time intervals, optionally scaling the integrated overall quantity with a nonlinear evaluation function, and comparing the weighted overall quantity, integrated with the choice. with a predefined threshold value.
• Document FR-A-2 505 279 discloses a method for defining maintenance and overhaul intervals for motor vehicles, according to which the driver of a motor vehicle receives an execution instruction from a motor vehicle.
• maintenance or overhaul when a value, obtained during operation of the motor vehicle, of a reference element considered as determining for the maintenance interval, reaches a predetermined quantity defining the moment of the operation of maintenance or overhaul.
• a value determined continuously, and which is characteristic of the state of the reference element, is applied to a computing unit having a memory, wherein the characteristic value of the reference element determining the revision time is stored.
• the calculating unit indicates, via an indicating device and when the value obtained corresponds to the stored value of the reference element, that a revision operation is to be performed.
• the calculation unit receives other characteristic values of the state of wear-sensitive reference elements which are compared with values, also stored in the computer memory and corresponding to the wear limits of the functional elements, the calculator then affecting the functional elements, according to their wear condition, a revision date which is determined by the reference element.
• the document FR-A-2 883 602 describes a method of optimizing the operation of a heat engine whose combustion parameters are controlled by an electronic box and at least one engine mapping.
• the method comprises a step of analyzing the composition of the fuel from at least one sensor implanted in the engine fuel system comprising the filling system, the tank, the pumps, the fuel filters, and the fuel circuits. supplying the motor and a return circuit to the tank, and a step of selecting or modifying said mapping according to the result of said analysis.
• the invention provides a method for preventing the operation of a vehicle engine, the method comprising determining the level of BHT in the engine fuel supply by near infrared spectroscopy.
• the method further comprises determining the level of biofuel in the fuel, preferably determined by near-infrared spectroscopy.
• the infrared spectroscopy of the BHT is performed by a near infrared sensor, preferably a sensor making measurements in the spectral range of 6970 cm “1 and 7250 cm" 1, preferably between 7050 cm “ 1 and 7220 cm -1 .
• the sensor is preferably placed in the engine fuel system.
• the method further comprises determining the state of the lubricant from the BHT content in the fuel.
• the method further comprises the warning of the user relative to at least one of the detections selected from the group comprising the detection of non-compliance of the fuel and the detection of a drain of the lubricant. to achieve.
• the warning is a signal from the dashboard.
• the invention also relates to a vehicle comprising a fuel tank, a near-infrared sensor measuring the rate of BHT in the fuel, a motor fueled from the fuel tank, and a calculator implementing the method. as defined above.
• the vehicle comprises a lubricant chamber, the calculator further determining the state of the lubricant from the BHT content in the fuel.
• a method of preventing the operation of a vehicle engine comprising determining the BHT level in the engine fuel supply by infrared spectroscopy.
• the level of BHT in the fuel makes it possible to determine the oxidation stability of the fuel and thus the quality of the fuel. Knowing the quality of fuel, it is possible to avoid malfunctions of the engine. The prevention process therefore increases the durability of the engine which increases customer satisfaction.
• the prevention method can be implemented in a vehicle that includes a fuel tank.
• the vehicle further includes a motor fueled from the fuel tank.
• the vehicle further comprises a computer that controls the various parameters of the vehicle components.
• the calculator makes it possible to implement the prevention method.
• the method comprises determining the level of BHT in the engine feed fuel by infrared spectroscopy.
• near-infrared spectroscopy also referred to as the English acronyms PIR or NIR
• PIR near-infrared spectroscopy
• the determination of the BHT content in the fuel makes it possible to know information on the quality of the biodiesel contained in the tank of the vehicle. Based on information on the quality of biodiesel, the number of engine failures can be reduced. The durability of the engine is thus improved.
• the infrared spectroscopy of BHT can be performed by an infrared sensor forming part of the vehicle.
• the sensor can be placed in the engine fuel system.
• the sensor thus makes it possible to achieve the near-infrared spectrum of the fuel flowing in the motor supply circuit in reflectance, transmittance or absorbance.
• the sensor may for example be photodiodes each recording the light intensity at a given wavelength.
• the sensor can advantageously be cooled to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the detection of the infrared spectrum.
• An infrared sensor has the advantage of being a relatively easy component to implement to perform near-infrared spectroscopy in a vehicle.
• the size and mass of an infrared sensor are indeed generally low.
• BHT has a strongly concentration-dependent absorption in this particular area of the spectrum. The dependence is even more sensitive in the range of 7050 cm-1 to 7220 cm-1. It is therefore It is advantageous to carry out the quantification of BHT in the spectrum between 7050 cm -1 and 7220 cm -1. Such quantification is nevertheless possible on other parts of the absorption spectrum.
• the method may further comprise determining the level of biofuel in the fuel. This makes it possible to have more precise information on the quality of the fuel used. A better knowledge of the quality of the fuel makes it possible to better prevent malfunctions of the engine.
• Determining the level of biofuel can in particular be carried out by infrared spectroscopy.
• Infrared spectroscopy is indeed easy to implement in a vehicle.
• An infrared sensor as described above can for example be used.
• the prevention method can be used for the detection of a non-compliant fuel. It is useful to detect the non-compliance of a fuel because several malfunctions can be caused in the fuel system when a non-compliant fuel is used. Deposits in the reservoir may for example be formed. The diesel filter can also be prematurely clogged as the high pressure fuel system.
• the high pressure fuel system includes the high pressure pump, the injectors or the strainer.
• the presence of BHT is regulatory in biofuels and its absence is indicative of a non-compliance of fuel. It is therefore possible from the determined BHT level in the fuel to determine if the fuel is compliant. Such a determination may in particular be made during the filling of the tank to avoid preventing all malfunctions related to the use of a non-compliant fuel.
• the prevention method can also be used to manage and adapt the engine lubricant maintenance step.
• the lubricant used is usually oil.
• FAP particulate matter
• NOx nitrogen oxide trap
• Such systems are characterized by the adsorption of polluting chemical species present in the exhaust (soot for the particulate filter, NOx and SOx for the NOx trap) on a matrix disposed in the exhaust line of the engine.
• it is useful to carry out regenerations in order to desorb the accumulated species in an acceptable form for the atmosphere.
• Regenerations are all characterized by the use of post-injection: a late injection is performed during the relaxation after the main combustion to maintain the hot gases or sufficient wealth.
• post-injection is also required to heat the exhaust gases to a temperature level sufficient to achieve the combustion of carbon soot retained on the particulate filter.
• NOx purge phases it is a question of making a late injection in order to cause an almost total consumption of the oxygen of the exhaust gases making it possible to bring the richness of the exhaust gases passing through the catalyst beyond
• SOx purge phases the postinjection levels make it possible both to raise the exhaust gases to high temperatures, typically higher than 650 ° C, and to a greater than 1 richness.
• the post-injections are actually fuel injections after top dead center. This results in a dilution of the engine lubricant present as a film in the engine cylinder.
• the late injections cause an introduction of diesel into the lubricant film either by direct liquid impact of the injector spray, or by condensation of fuel species vaporized during postinjection at the extinction of the main combustion. Since the lubricant film present on the cylinder is partially scraped back to the lubricant tank at each cycle of the engine, the result is a gradual increase in the dilution ratio of the gas oil in the lubricant during the regeneration phases.
• a high level of dilution of the fuel in the lubricant means for the engine a drop in the viscosity of the lubricant. Such a drop can result in a drop in lubricant pressure with a risk of seizing the lubricated element.
• the lubricant film may thin, thus causing premature wear of the lubrication members.
• the oxidation of the lubricant can also take place which accelerates the aging of the lubricant.
• Corrosion also has an impact on the tightness of the lubricant circuit.
• the concentrations of the additives in the lubricant also decrease due to the dilution. This can result in a decrease in lubricant performance.
• the maintenance step can thus be adapted to the state of the lubricant. This makes it possible to find the right compromise between emptying done too early when the lubricant could still be effective and emptying performed too late when the lack of efficiency of the lubricant could lead to damage to the engine. Maintenance is thus adapted to the fuel used in the engine.
• the method may also include the warning of the user relative to at least one of the detections selected from the group comprising the detection of non-compliance of the fuel and the detection of a drain of the lubricant to be performed. This allows the user to act before the vehicle is damaged. Malfunctions of the vehicle engine are thus prevented which improves customer satisfaction.
• the vehicle may further comprise a dashboard.
• the warning can then be in particular in the form of a signal emitted by the dashboard of the vehicle.
• a signal may in particular be visual or sound.
• Such warning means have the advantage of being relatively simple to implement.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Biochemistry (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Food Science & Technology (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Immunology (AREA)
• Pathology (AREA)
• Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
• Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)

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Publications (2)

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Citations (2)

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• 2008
  • 2008-07-09 FR FR0854677A patent/FR2933739B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2009
  • 2009-06-25 BR BRPI0909946A patent/BRPI0909946A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2009-06-25 WO PCT/FR2009/051223 patent/WO2010004177A2/fr active Application Filing
  • 2009-06-25 EP EP09784436A patent/EP2304430A2/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2009-06-25 RU RU2011104506/15A patent/RU2502070C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation

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