WO2010003673A2

WO2010003673A2 - Tool

Info

Publication number: WO2010003673A2
Application number: PCT/EP2009/004989
Authority: WO
Inventors: Hermann Sauer; Hans-Jörg PUCHER
Original assignee: Sauer Ultrasonic Gmbh
Priority date: 2008-07-09
Filing date: 2009-07-09
Publication date: 2010-01-14
Also published as: DE202008017520U1; WO2010003673A3; EP2323789A2; DE102008032280A1; DE102008032280B4

Abstract

A tool (20) comprises a tool head (19, 28) for manipulating a work piece or a receptacle therefor and a support area (17) connected to the tool head for holding the tool in an actuator configuration (2, 31). The support area comprises a first external surface (21) designed as a first contact surface that follows, at least in areas, a first jacket surface (7) of a first cone that narrows in the direction of the tool head.

Description

page 1

TOOL

The invention relates to a tool according to the preamble of the independent claim. In particular, the invention relates to a tool which can be clamped manually or automatically in a machine tool, so that it can be exchanged for other tools. The machine tool may generally be a CNC machine for more or less automatic operation. It may in particular be a drilling, milling, turning or grinding machine. It may be an "ultrasonic machine" in the sense that the conventional translational or rotational relative movement between the workpiece and tool is superimposed on a high-frequency oscillating motion.

Fig. Id schematically shows a machine tool 100 in which the invention can be used. It has a machine frame 101, which is comparatively stable and torsionally stiff against static and dynamic stresses. 102 denotes a workpiece table on which a workpiece 199 is clamped for machining by a tool 109a. 103 denotes one or more translatory or rotary actuation axes, by means of which the workpiece table 102 can be adjusted relative to the machine frame 101 in its translational position and in its angular position. The setting can be electronically controlled or regulated and thus also selected. Page 2

be variable during operation. 104 symbolizes one or more rigid arms which ultimately hold a tool 109a opposite the machine frame 101. 105 once again designates one or more translatory and / or rotatory axes which serve to displace the tool 109a relative to the machine frame 101 along one or more translatory or rotary axes. 107a and 107b designates one or more actuators, with which a tool can be driven, in particular can be set in rotary motion, for example in a drill or a milling cutter. Several actuators 107a, 107b may be provided, for example a rotary drive 107a for continuously rotating rotary drive and an oscillating drive 107b for reversible movements of more or less high frequencies. The frequencies here can be in the Hz or kHz range, for example above 100 Hz or above 1 kHz or above 10,000 Hz or above 20.0.00 Hz. The oscillation can be a rotational or a translatory oscillation. On the output side of the rotary drive 107a, possibly also on the drive side of the oscillating drive 107b, there is an interface 106. It may be a standardized, automatically operable interface (eg SK, HSK). The tool 109a is driven with the overall resulting movement and then acts on the workpiece 199. Page 3

HO refers to a tool ^press' gmagazin, the various tools 109b ... 109e possibly together with actuators 107, z. B. a vibratory drive 107b, holds. It can automatically be approached by machine, so that a tool can optionally be replaced automatically with associated actuator 107b at the interface 106. 108 denotes a conventional tool clamping. By means of the tool clamping 108, the tool 109 can be clamped non-positively with the actuator 107, so that the movement defined by the actuator 107 can also be passed on to the tool 109 under load.

111 generally symbolizes an electronic controller connected to incoming and outgoing connections 112 to the machine and other components. The links 112 may be electrical and electronic connects fertilize for electrical sensors and actuators _^ .His. In addition, pneumatics and hydraulics can be provided.

Figures Ia to Ic show a conventional tool clamping 108 in various views. This is a collet system in accordance with DIN ISO 15488. FIGS. 1a and 1b show a collet in side view and in section. Fig. Ic shows the clamping of the collet. The figures are not drawn to scale with respect to each other. 12 denotes a through hole whose diameter in the relaxed state of the collet minor page 4

gig is greater than the diameter of a tool shank. A tool shank can be inserted into the through hole 12. FIGS. 1a and 1b show that the outer surface 4 of the collet is conically shaped in the z-direction. Distributed over the circumference, a plurality of longitudinally running slots 9a, 9b, 9c, ... are provided, which run in the radial direction to the through hole 12. They cause the individual claws 8a, 8b, 8c, ... of the collet to have a certain elasticity in the radial direction.

The collet of Fig. Ia has two cone-like surfaces 4 and 5, which are constructed qualitatively the same, but the (imaginary) tips of the respective cone point away from each other and show the thick ends to each other. Also, the surface 5 is that of a cone shell, and also it has the said slots, which give the resulting claw a certain desired elasticity in radial _. Give direction.

Fig. Ic shows a clamping for the collet 1. The clamping has a cavity 11 which is substantially positive fit to the outer shape of the collet in the tensioned state. The clamping has a receptacle 2 and a union nut 3, which can be screwed together by a thread 10 with each other. In the relaxed state, the collet 1 is located in the cavity 11 of the receptacle 2, and the union nut 3 is located relatively far to the right in the drawing. page 5

level. In this relaxed state, the tool shank is inserted into the opening 12. Then the union nut 3 is screwed onto the receptacle 2, so that it moves in the drawing plane to the left. It comes then the surfaces 4 and 5 of the collet 1 with the corresponding surfaces 6 and 7 of the receptacle 2 and the union nut 3 in contact, and wedge effect, the individual claws 8 are pressed radially inward and clamp in this way the tool shank firmly , Screwing the union nut 3 on the receptacle 2 can be done manually or automatically. In this way, a solid tool seat is achieved in the tool holder 108.

As already mentioned, the tool holder 108 is connected to the actuator 107, so that the movement generated by the actuator 107 is transmitted to the tool 109 via the fixed clamping of the tool. In various applications, but especially in the described ultrasonic applications, the collet chuck described but has significant disadvantages. Because of the radial

Slits 9 is the clamping just compared to axial, radial and torsional vibrations comparatively soft and yielding, so that the high-frequency vibration energy can be insufficiently coupled into the tool. In addition, the slots lead to a complex geometry, which in turn leads to complex vibration and resonance properties of the clamping, so that unwanted page 6

System responses, if necessary modified by the action of the load on the workpiece, can be triggered.

The object of the invention is to provide a tool that allows a particularly improved for vibration excitation coupling with a machine tool drive.

This object is achieved with the features of the independent claim. Dependent claims are directed to preferred embodiments of the invention.

A tool according to the invention has a tool head for machining a workpiece or a receptacle for this and an associated holding area for holding the tool in an actuator of the machine tool. The holding region has a first and preferably also a second outer surface, which are formed as first and second abutment surfaces which at least partially follow a first or second lateral surface of a first or second cone, wherein the first cone in the direction of

Tool head tapers and possibly the second cone tapers in the direction away from the tool head.

The holding area is comparatively solid and rigid compared to the known collet. A desirably flexible construction is not provided. Especially Page 7

No deep slots are provided as shown in Fig. Ib.

The holding area is part of the tool and connected to it. The compound may be insoluble, for example by soldering, gluing or welding or by from the beginning one-piece production. But the connection can also be solved, for example by screwing.

The outer surface of the holding portion has no or at least no deep longitudinal (z-direction) running slots. In the circumferential direction then in the clamped state, the outer surface is preferably continuous on a corresponding surface of a clamping. Also viewed longitudinally, the outer surface may be continuously applied to the corresponding surface of the restraint. However, it may be provided for certain reasons grooves or openings in the outer surface. A groove may, for example, extend in the circumferential direction. It can also be flat grooves in the longitudinal direction (z-direction).

The clamping of the tool is done by the holding area of the tool is inserted into the receptacle of the machine tool and then the union nut is screwed. Depending on the diameter of the tool head, the union nut can be permanently attached to the tool or, if necessary, over the tool head to the holding area or until page 8

be advanced for recording and then screwed onto this. A compression of the holding area is done practically not or only to a very small extent, since no systematic elasticity is provided.

Hereinafter, with reference to the drawings, individual embodiments of the invention will be described, in which:

Fig. Ia - Id known embodiments,

Fig. 2 shows an embodiment of the invention, and

Fig. 3 shows a part of a machine tool with the

Invention.

Generally, in this description, like reference numerals indicate like components. Features of the invention should also be considered to be combinable with each other, unless expressly stated, unless a combination is not impossible for technical reasons.

Fig. 2 shows a schematic side view of a tool 20. The upper part and the right part are a simple plan view, while the lower part is a sectional view. The tool 20 of Fig. 2 corresponds functionally to one of the tools 109a to 109e as shown in Fig. Id. It is, however, structured differently. In Fig. Page 9

2, the right side is the workpiece side end of the tool 20. The left side is the machine side end.

The tool 20 has a tool head 19, 28 and a holding portion 17. Between these may be a more or less clearly distinguishable shaft 18. The shaft 18 may in turn have a releasable coupling / connection between the tool head 19/28 and holding portion 17. The tool head 28 can be designed in a known manner. It may be a tool with geometrically determined or undetermined cutting edge, such. The tool 20 may be constructed substantially rotationally symmetrical, wherein the rotation axis would be the longitudinal axis 29 in the z-direction. The holding area 17 serves for the fixed, non-positive holding of the tool in the machine actuator, which, as already said, a more or less conventional rotary drive a spindle and possibly also a high-frequency oscillating drive ("ultrasonic", translational oscillation and / or rotational oscillation longitudinal or around z-axis).

The tool head can be permanently and non-releasably connected to the holding region 17, for example by gluing or soldering or welding in a shaft 27 into the corresponding opening of the holding region 17, or by making the overall structure in one piece. The connection Page 10

but can also be releasable, for example by a shaft 27 of the tool head 28 is screwed into a corresponding thread in the holding area, or by, as already said, again a releasable quick connector is provided.

The outer contour or outer surface of the holding region can follow completely or partially essential surfaces of a standardized receptacle. The standardized recording can be that according to DIN ISO 15488, as shown in FIG. 1c. The holding region 17 has a first outer surface 21 formed as a first abutment surface, which at least in regions flatly follows a first lateral surface 7 of a first cone, which tapers in the direction of the tool head. The outer surface 21 has no deep slots and, in particular in the circumferential direction, can rest continuously against the complementary surface 7, as indicated on the union nut 3 in FIG. 1c. However, flat grooves or slots in the longitudinal direction may be provided, wherein "flat" may be a depth of at most 10% of the maximum diameter of the holding portion.

In addition, the holding region 17 may have a second outer surface 22 formed as a second abutment surface, which at least partially follows a second lateral surface 5 of a second cone, which tapers away in the direction away from the tool head. The thick end of the second cone faces the thick end of the first cone. The Page 11

second outer surface 22 of the tool is thus wholly or partially complementary to the inner surface 6 of the receptacle 2 of FIG. Ic formed. In particular, it has no or only flat slots which would run in the z-direction.

Due to this construction, the holding area is mechanically stiffer on the one hand and can therefore transmit high-frequency oscillations more effectively in particular. On the other hand, the body of the holding region 17 is mechanically less complex, so that the system response to excitation is less surprising. In particular, possibly occurring resonances are more clearly predictable and thus avoidable in terms of design.

The first outer surface 21 and / or the second outer surface 22 may, but need not fully follow the respective complementary cone shell surfaces of the associated receptacle. They may have circumferential grooves, and they may also have holes or flat grooves running in the longitudinal direction (z-direction).

Between the two outer surfaces 21 may be a circumferential groove 24, which may be designed according to DIN ISO 15488. The outer surfaces 21 and / or 22 may take in the direction of the cone height (z-direction) only a part of the surface of the associated recording, z. page 12

B. only less than 70% or less than 50% of the height, such as when a small tool only comparatively low reaction forces are to be expected.

In addition to the actual holding parts with the outer surfaces 21 and 22, the holding region 17 may comprise further constructional elements, for example a more or less cylindrical continuation 23 proceeding from the first outer surface 21 in the direction of the tool head 19, as shown in FIG , The outer diameter is smaller than the inner diameter of the opening of the union nut 3.

As already mentioned, the tool may have a tool head 19, 28 or instead a coupling or receptacle or a quick connector for a tool head. This can be advantageous in particular for small tool heads with low masses and reaction forces.

The tool may have a coolant guide only partially shown in FIG. The coolant guide may be drehinvariant. It may have a concentric to the axis 29 extending channel 25 which opens into the bore 26 which receives the shaft 27. The shaft 27 (not shown in FIG. 2) in turn may have a coolant channel which tapers toward the tool head 28. On the tool head 28 coolant outlets can be provided Page 13

be so that the coolant does not have to be returned.

Fig. 3 shows a part of a machine tool, which corresponds in Fig. Id approximately to the reference lines 106, 107, 108 and 109. With 17, 18 and 19, the parts of the tool 20 already shown in Fig. 2 are designated. The tool is inserted into a receptacle 2, 3 and fixed there. The receptacle 2, 3 is, as shown in Fig. Ic, formed. The recording 2, 3 is viewed to the left with Aktorik in connection. The actuator system may have an ultrasonic vibration generator 31, which generates a torsional vibration about the z-axis and / or a translational vibration along the z-axis, which then transmits via the holding region 17 to the tool head. To the left, the oscillating unit

31 be connected to a rotary drive 32. It can be - this is a conventional spindle. The tool and in particular the tool head then experiences the superimposed movement of continuous rotary drive of the spindle 32 and reversible drive of the oscillating drive 31.

The overall structure may include a coolant guide, which supplies coolant from the machine frame through the spindle 32 and the oscillating drive 31 to the tool 20, where it is guided to the tool head as described. Page 14

Due to the described structure of the holding area, this is a comparatively solid and homogeneous and largely or completely drehinvarianter body. He is therefore very smooth. In this way, both the rotational movement and the possibly existing oscillatory movement act in a defined manner on the workpiece. Due to the rigidity due to the comparatively massive construction, the coupling of the oscillation is otherwise improved so that it is more efficiently available at the interface between the tool head and the workpiece.

Claims

Page 15PATENTIAL CLAIMS

A tool (20) having a tool head (19, 28) for machining a workpiece or a receptacle therefor and a holding area (17) connected to the tool head for holding the tool in an actuator system (2, 31),

characterized in that

the holding region has a first outer surface (21) formed as a first abutment surface, which at least in regions follows a first lateral surface (7) of a first cone, which tapers in the direction of the tool head.

2. Tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the holding region (17) has a second abutment surface formed second outer surface (22) at least partially flat at least a second lateral surface (6) of a second cone follows, extending in the direction of Tool head tapers away, wherein the thick ends of the two cones facing each other.

3. Tool according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the first and / or the second outer surface Page 16

(21, 22) follows in the circumferential direction of the first and second cone this uninterrupted.

4. Tool according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tool head and holding area are permanently connected to one another, in particular glued or soldered or welded or made in one piece.

5. Tool (20) according to one or more of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the tool head and holding area releasably connected to each other, in particular screwed ^' are.

6. Tool (20) according to one or more of the preceding claims, by the actuator along a first axis (29, z) translationally and / or to. the first axis is rotationally actuated, wherein the holding portion is drehinvariant shaped with respect to the first axis.

7. Tool according to claim 6, characterized in that the first and / or the second outer surface (21, 22) has no deep slots (9) in the direction of the first axis. Page 17

8. Tool according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first and / or second lateral surface (6, 7) of the first and / or the second cone according to ISO 15488 is formed.

9. Tool according to claim 8, characterized in that the holding region in the region between the two cone has a circumferentially circumferential groove (24).

10. Tool according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized by a coolant guide (25) which runs from the outer of the holding portion in its interior and from there to the tool head.

11. Tool according to one or more of the preceding claims; characterized in that the first. and / or the second outer surface (21, 22) in the axial direction of the first cone follows this uninterrupted.