WO2010002597A2 - Particules biodégradables superabsorbantes et leur procédé de fabrication - Google Patents

Particules biodégradables superabsorbantes et leur procédé de fabrication Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010002597A2
WO2010002597A2 PCT/US2009/047700 US2009047700W WO2010002597A2 WO 2010002597 A2 WO2010002597 A2 WO 2010002597A2 US 2009047700 W US2009047700 W US 2009047700W WO 2010002597 A2 WO2010002597 A2 WO 2010002597A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
particles
starch
carboxyalkyl cellulose
weight
crosslinks
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2009/047700
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English (en)
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WO2010002597A3 (fr
Inventor
S. Ananda Weerawarna
Original Assignee
Weyerhaeuser Nr Company
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US12/164,966 external-priority patent/US8641869B2/en
Priority claimed from US12/164,991 external-priority patent/US8101543B2/en
Application filed by Weyerhaeuser Nr Company filed Critical Weyerhaeuser Nr Company
Publication of WO2010002597A2 publication Critical patent/WO2010002597A2/fr
Publication of WO2010002597A3 publication Critical patent/WO2010002597A3/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L3/00—Compositions of starch, amylose or amylopectin or of their derivatives or degradation products
    • C08L3/02—Starch; Degradation products thereof, e.g. dextrin
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
    • C08J3/24—Crosslinking, e.g. vulcanising, of macromolecules
    • C08J3/246—Intercrosslinking of at least two polymers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L1/00—Compositions of cellulose, modified cellulose or cellulose derivatives
    • C08L1/08—Cellulose derivatives
    • C08L1/26—Cellulose ethers
    • C08L1/28—Alkyl ethers
    • C08L1/286—Alkyl ethers substituted with acid radicals, e.g. carboxymethyl cellulose [CMC]
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2301/00—Characterised by the use of cellulose, modified cellulose or cellulose derivatives
    • C08J2301/08—Cellulose derivatives
    • C08J2301/26—Cellulose ethers
    • C08J2301/28—Alkyl ethers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2403/00—Characterised by the use of starch, amylose or amylopectin or of their derivatives or degradation products
    • C08J2403/02—Starch; Degradation products thereof, e.g. dextrin

Definitions

  • Personal care absorbent products such as infant diapers, adult incontinent pads, and feminine care products, typically contain an absorbent core that includes superabsorbent polymer particles distributed within a fibrous matrix.
  • Superabsorbents are water-swellable, generally water-insoluble absorbent materials having a high absorbent capacity for body fluids.
  • Superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) in common use are mostly derived from acrylic acid, which is itself derived from petroleum oil, a non-renewable raw material. Acrylic acid polymers and SAPs are generally recognized as not being biodegradable. Despite their wide use, some segments of the absorbent products market are concerned about the use of non-renewable petroleum oil-derived materials and their non-biodegradable nature.
  • Acrylic acid based polymers also comprise a meaningful portion of the cost structure of diapers and incontinent pads. Users of SAP are interested in lower cost SAPs. The high cost derives in part from the cost structure for the manufacture of acrylic acid which, in turn, depends upon the fluctuating price of petroleum oil. Also, when diapers are discarded after use they normally contain considerably less than their maximum or theoretical content of body fluids. In other words, in terms of their fluid holding capacity, they are "over-designed". This "over-design" constitutes an inefficiency in the use of SAP. The inefficiency results in part from the fact that SAPs are designed to have high gel strength (as demonstrated by high absorbency under load or AUL).
  • Fluff pulp is also made from renewable and biodegradable cellulose pulp fibers. Compared to SAP, these fibers are inexpensive on a per mass basis, but tend to be more expensive on a per unit of liquid held basis. These fluff pulp fibers mostly absorb within the interstices between fibers. For this reason, a fibrous matrix readily releases acquired liquid on application of pressure. The tendency to release acquired liquid can result in significant skin wetness during use of an absorbent product that includes a core formed exclusively from cellulosic fibers. Such products also tend to leak acquired liquid because liquid is not effectively retained in such a fibrous absorbent core.
  • Superabsorbent produced in fiber form has a distinct advantage over particle forms in some applications.
  • Such superabsorbent fiber can be made into a pad form without added non-superabsorbent fiber.
  • Such pads will also be less bulky due to elimination or reduction of the non superabsorbent fiber used. Liquid acquisition will be more uniform compared to a fiber pad with shifting superabsorbent particles.
  • the invention provides superabsorbent particles that include carboxyalkyl cellulose.
  • the particles include a combination of a carboxyalkyl cellulose and a starch, and a plurality of non-permanent metal crosslinks.
  • the invention also provides a method for making superabsorbent particles that include carboxyalkyl cellulose.
  • a carboxyalkyl cellulose and a starch are blended in water to provide an aqueous gel; the aqueous gel treated with a crosslinking agent to provide a crosslinked gel; the crosslinked gel dried to provide a solid; and the solid comminuted to provide a plurality of particles.
  • the particles are flakes.
  • the present invention provides superabsorbent particles that contain carboxyalkyl cellulose.
  • the particles include a combination of a carboxyalkyl cellulose and a starch, and a plurality of non-permanent metal crosslinks.
  • the particles include a carboxyalkyl cellulose.
  • Suitable carboxyalkyl celluloses have a degree of carboxyl group substitution of from about 0.3 to about 2.5, and in one embodiment have a degree of carboxyl group substitution of from about 0.5 to about 1.5.
  • the carboxyalkyl cellulose is carboxymethyl cellulose.
  • the particles include from about 60 to about 99% by weight carboxyalkyl cellulose based on the total weight of carboxyalkyl cellulose and starch. In one embodiment, the particles include from about 80 to about 95% by weight carboxyalkyl cellulose based on the total weight of carboxyalkyl cellulose and starch.
  • Suitable carboxyalkyl celluloses include carboxyalkyl celluloses (carboxymethyl cellulose) obtained from commercial sources.
  • the particles of the invention include a starch.
  • Starches are composed of two polysaccharides: amylose and amylopectin.
  • Amylose is a linear polysaccharide having an average molecular weight of about 250,000 g/mole.
  • Amylopectin is a branched polysaccharide (branching via 1,6- ⁇ - glucosidic links) having an average molecular weight of about 75,000,000 g/mole.
  • the ratio of amylose to amylopectin is from about 1:4 to about 1 :5.
  • Starches suitable for use in the present invention may be obtained from corn, wheat, maize, rice, sorghum, potato, cassava, barley, buckwheat, millet, oat, arrowroot, beans, peas, rye, tapioca, sago, and amaranth. Also suitable are waxy starches, such as from corn, wheat, maize, rice, sorghum, potato, cassava, and barley. Mixtures of starches can also be used.
  • Suitable starches for use in the invention include cooked and pre-gelatinized starches. Certain cooked and pre-gelatinized starches are commercially available from a variety of commercial sources.
  • the starch is first cooked in water (e.g., 75 0 C for 45 min). Then, an aqueous solution of a carboxyalkyl cellulose is added to the aqueous starch. A first crosslinking agent is added and mixed to obtain a crosslinked gel (e.g., intermolecular crosslinking of water-soluble polymers).
  • a crosslinked gel e.g., intermolecular crosslinking of water-soluble polymers.
  • Starch is present in the particles in an amount from about 1 to about 20% by weight based on the weight of the particles. In one embodiment, starch is present in an amount from about 1 to about 15% by weight based on the weight of the particles.. In one embodiment, starch is present in an amount from about 2 to about 15% by weight based on the weight of the particles. In certain embodiments, starch is present in an amount from about 4 to about 8% by weight based on the weight of the particles.
  • the particles are substantially insoluble in water while being capable of absorbing water.
  • the particles are rendered water insoluble by a plurality of non-permanent interpolymer metal crosslinks.
  • the particles have intermolecular metal crosslinks between polymer molecules.
  • the metal crosslink arises as a consequence of an associative interaction (e.g., bonding) between functional groups on the polymers (e.g., carboxy, carboxylate, or hydroxyl groups) and a multi-valent metal species.
  • Suitable multi-valent metal species include metal ions having a valency of three or greater and that are capable of forming an associative interaction with a polymer (e.g., reactive toward associative interaction with the polymer's carboxy, carboxylate, or hydroxyl groups).
  • the polymers are intermolecularly crosslinked when the multi-valent metal species forms an associative interaction with functional groups on two or more polymer molecules.
  • a crosslink may be formed within one polymer molecule or may be formed between two or more polymer molecules. The extent of crosslinking affects the water solubility of the particles and the ability of the particles to swell on contact with an aqueous liquid.
  • the particles include non-permanent metal crosslinks formed both intermolecularly and intramolecularly in the population of polymer molecules.
  • non-permanent crosslink refers to the metal crosslink formed with two or more functional groups of a polymer molecule (intramolecularly) or formed with two or more functional groups of two or more polymer molecules (intermolecularly). It will be appreciated that the process of dissociating and re-associating (breaking and reforming crosslinks) the multi-valent metal ion and polymer molecules is dynamic and also occurs during liquid acquisition. During water acquisition the individual particles swell and change to gel state.
  • non-permanent metal crosslinks to dissociate and associate under water acquisition imparts greater freedom to the gels to expand than if it was restrictively crosslinked by permanent crosslinks that do not have the ability to dissociate and reassociate.
  • Covalent organic crosslinks such as ether crosslinks are permanent crosslinks that do not have the ability to dissociate and reassociate.
  • the crosslinks are formed by treating the carboxyalkyl cellulose and starch with a crosslinking agent.
  • Suitable crosslinking agents include crosslinking agents that are reactive towards hydroxyl groups and carboxyl groups.
  • Representative crosslinking agents include metallic crosslinking agents, such as aluminum (III) compounds, titanium (IV) compounds, bismuth (III) compounds, boron (III) compounds, and zirconium (IV) compounds.
  • metallic crosslinking agents such as aluminum (III) compounds, titanium (IV) compounds, bismuth (III) compounds, boron (III) compounds, and zirconium (IV) compounds.
  • the numerals in parentheses in the preceding list of metallic crosslinking agents refers to the valency of the metal.
  • Representative metallic crosslinking agents include aluminum sulfate; aluminum hydroxide; dihydroxy aluminum acetate (stabilized with boric acid); other aluminum salts of carboxylic acids and inorganic acids; other aluminum complexes, such as Ultrion 8186 from Nalco Company (aluminum chloride hydroxide); boric acid; sodium metaborate; ammonium zirconium carbonate (AZC); zirconium compounds containing inorganic ions or organic ions or neutral ligands; bismuth ammonium citrate (BAC); other bismuth salts of carboxylic acids and inorganic acids; titanium (IV) compounds, such as titanium (IV) bis(triethylaminato) bis(isopropoxide) (commercially available from the Dupont Company under the designation Tyzor TE); and other titanates with alkoxide or carboxylate ligands.
  • aluminum complexes such as Ultrion 8186 from Nalco Company (aluminum chloride hydroxide); boric acid; sodium metabor
  • the crosslinking agent is effective for intermolecularly crosslinking the carboxyalkyl cellulose (with or without carboxyalkyl hemicellulose) and starch molecules.
  • the crosslinking agent is applied in an amount of from about 0.1 to about 20% by weight based on the total weight of the carboxyalkyl cellulose and starch.
  • the amount of crosslinking agent applied to the polymers will vary depending on the crosslinking agent.
  • the particles have an aluminum content of about 0.04 to about 2.0% by weight based on the weight of the particles for aluminum crosslinked particles, a titanium content of about 0.1 to about 4.5% by weight based on the weight of the particles for titanium crosslinked particles, a zirconium content of about 0.09 to about 6.0% by weight based on the weight of the particles for zirconium crosslinked particles; and a bismuth content of about 0.09 to about 5.0% by weight based on the weight of the particles for bismuth crosslinked particles.
  • the particles are highly absorptive.
  • the particles have a Free Swell Capacity of from about 30 to about 60 g/g (0.9% saline solution) and a Centrifuge Retention Capacity (CRC) of from about 15 to about 40 g/g (0.9% saline solution).
  • CRC Centrifuge Retention Capacity
  • the particles are water insoluble and water swellable. Water insolubility is imparted by intermolecular crosslinking of the polymer molecules, and water swellability is imparted to the absorbent particles by the presence of carboxylate anions with associated cations.
  • the particles are characterized as having a relatively high liquid absorbent capacity for water (e.g., pure water or aqueous solutions, such as salt solutions or biological solutions such as urine).
  • the particles are useful as a superabsorbent composition in personal care absorbent products (e.g., infant diapers, feminine care products and adult incontinence products).
  • the particles are useful in a variety of other applications, including, for example, wound dressings, cable wrap, absorbent sheets or bags, and packaging materials. The preparations of representative superabsorbent particles are described in
  • Examples 1-4 In these examples, gels of a representative carboxyalkyl cellulose and starch are crosslinked with a metallic crosslinking agent.
  • the composition and liquid absorbent characteristics of representative superabsorbent particles (flakes) are summarized in Table 1.
  • Table 1 "DS” refers to the carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) degree of substitution and viscosity (cps) refers to Brookfield viscosity determined with spindle #3 at 20 rpm at 25 0 C.
  • the percentages of the CMC and starch refer to the percent by weight of each component based on the total weight of the product.
  • % wgt total wgt, applied refers to the amount of crosslinking agent applied to the total weight of CMC and starch.
  • the present invention provides a method for making superabsorbent particles containing carboxyalkyl cellulose.
  • the superabsorbent particles containing carboxyalkyl cellulose can be made by a method that includes the steps of (a) blending a carboxyalkyl cellulose and a starch in water to provide an aqueous gel; (b) treating the aqueous gel with a first crosslinking agent to provide a crosslinked gel; (c) drying the crosslinked gel to provide a solid; and (d) comminuting the solid to provide a plurality of particles.
  • a carboxyalkyl cellulose and a starch are blended in water to provide an aqueous gel.
  • Suitable carboxyalkyl celluloses have a degree of carboxyl group substitution of from about 0.3 to about 2.5, and in one embodiment have a degree of carboxyl group substitution of from about 0.5 to about 1.5.
  • the carboxyalkyl cellulose is carboxymethyl cellulose.
  • the aqueous gel includes from about 60 to about 99% by weight carboxyalkyl cellulose based on the weight of carboxyalkyl cellulose and starch.
  • the aqueous gel includes from about 80 to about 95% by weight carboxyalkyl cellulose based on the weight of carboxyalkyl cellulose and starch.
  • Suitable carboxyalkyl celluloses include carboxyalkyl celluloses (carboxymethyl cellulose) obtained from commercial sources.
  • the aqueous gel also includes a starch .
  • the aqueous gel includes from about 1 to about 20% by weight starch based on the weight of the carboxyalkyl cellulose and starch, and in one embodiment, the aqueous gel includes from about 1 to about 15% by weight starch based on the weight of the carboxyalkyl cellulose and starch.
  • the aqueous gel including the carboxyalkyl cellulose and starch is treated with a crosslinking agent to provide a crosslinked gel.
  • a crosslinking agent Suitable crosslinking agents are described above.
  • the crosslinking agent is applied in an amount of from about 0.1 to about 20% by weight based on the total weight of the carboxyalkyl cellulose and starch.
  • the amount of crosslinking agent applied to the polymers will vary depending on the crosslinking agent.
  • the crosslinked gel formed by treating the aqueous gel of a carboxyalkyl cellulose and a starch with the crosslinking agent is then dried to provide a solid that is then comminuted to provide a plurality of particles (superabsorbent particles).
  • the particles are sieved to obtain particles having a size of from about 150 to about 800 ⁇ m. In one embodiment, the particles have a size less than about 1500 ⁇ m.
  • Test Procedure 1. Determine solids content of ADS.
  • the tea bag material has an absorbency determined as follows:
  • Aluminum Sulfate Crosslinking In this example, the preparation of representative superabsorbent composite particles crosslinked with aluminum sulfate is described.
  • Corn starch (Clinton 185 ® , Archer Daniel Midland, IL) (1.2g) was cooked for 45 minutes at 75 0 C in 47mL deionized water. The cooked starch was then added to 903mL deionized water in a Hobart mixer. Then, carboxymethyl cellulose (20 g OD northern pine wood pulp CMC, DS 0.86, 1% aqueous solution, Brookfield viscosity 2360 cps, spindle #3 and speed 20 rpm) was added with mixing. The aqueous polymer mixture was mixed for 60 minutes.
  • aqueous polymer mixture was added 0.4g aluminum sulfate octadecahydrate (Sigma Aldrich, WI) in 5OmL deionized water. The polymer mixture was then mixed for 30 minutes to provide a crosslinked polymer gel.
  • aluminum sulfate octadecahydrate Sigma Aldrich, WI
  • the crosslinked polymer gel was then applied as a coating to two TEFLON coated baking pans (10 inch X 17 inch) and dried at 65°C in a safety oven to provide a film.
  • the dried film was ground into particles for testing. Particles having sizes from 74 to 300 ⁇ m and from 300 to 850 ⁇ m were tested. The particles had free swell (50.4 g/g) and centrifuge retention capacity (33.9 g/g) for 0.9% saline solution.
  • Corn starch (Clinton 185 ® , Archer Daniel Midland, IL) (2.4g) was cooked for 45 minutes at 75 0 C in 52mL deionized water. The cooked starch was then added to 898mL deionized water in a Hobart mixer. Then, carboxymethyl cellulose (40 g OD northern pine wood pulp CMC, DS 0.88, 1% aqueous solution, Brookfield viscosity 1670 cps, spindle #3 and speed 20 rpm) was added with mixing. The aqueous polymer mixture was mixed for 60 minutes.
  • aqueous polymer mixture was added 0.4g aluminum sulfate octadecahydrate (Sigma Aldrich, WI) in 5OmL deionized water. The polymer mixture was then mixed for 30 minutes to provide a crosslinked polymer gel.
  • aluminum sulfate octadecahydrate Sigma Aldrich, WI
  • the crosslinked polymer gel was then applied as a coating to two TEFLON coated baking pans (10 inch X 17 inch) and dried at 65°C in a safety oven to provide a film.
  • the dried film was ground into particles for testing. Particles having sizes from 74 to 300 ⁇ m and from 300 to 850 ⁇ m were tested. The particles had free swell (49.1 g/g) and centrifuge retention capacity (35.3 g/g) for 0.9% saline solution.
  • Corn starch (Clinton 185 ® , Archer Daniel Midland, IL) (2.4g) was cooked for 45 minutes at 75 0 C in 53mL deionized water. The cooked starch was then added to 897mL deionized water in a Hobart mixer. Then, carboxymethyl cellulose (40 g OD northern pine wood pulp CMC, DS 0.96, 1% aqueous solution, Brookfield viscosity 1295 cps, spindle #3 and speed 20 rpm) was added with mixing. The aqueous polymer mixture was mixed for 60 minutes.
  • aqueous polymer mixture was added 0.2g aluminum sulfate octadecahydrate (Sigma Aldrich, WI) in 5OmL deionized water. The polymer mixture was then mixed for 30 minutes to provide a crosslinked polymer gel.
  • aluminum sulfate octadecahydrate Sigma Aldrich, WI
  • the crosslinked polymer gel was then applied as a coating to two TEFLON coated baking pans (10 inch X 17 inch) and dried at 65°C in a safety oven to provide a film.
  • the dried film was ground into particles for testing. Particles having sizes from 74 to 300 ⁇ m and from 300 to 850 ⁇ m were tested. The particles had free swell (50.5 g/g) and centrifuge retention capacity (33.0 g/g) for 0.9% saline solution.
  • the crosslinked polymer gel was then applied as a coating to four TEFLON coated baking pans (10 inch X 17 inch) and dried at 65°C in a safety oven to provide a film.
  • the dried film was ground into particles for testing. Particles having sizes from 74 to 300 ⁇ m and from 300 to 850 ⁇ m were tested. The particles had free swell (41.6 g/g) and centrifuge retention capacity (28.2 g/g) for 0.9% saline solution.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne des particules contenant une combinaison de carboxyalkylcellulose et d’amidon, les particules renfermant une pluralité de réticulations métalliques non permanentes, ainsi qu’un procédé de fabrication des particules. Les réticulations métalliques intrafibres non permanentes comportent des réticulations d’ions métalliques à valences multiples formées d’un ou de plusieurs ions métalliques choisis parmi les ions aluminium, bore, bismuth, titane et zirconium.
PCT/US2009/047700 2008-06-30 2009-06-17 Particules biodégradables superabsorbantes et leur procédé de fabrication WO2010002597A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12/164,966 US8641869B2 (en) 2008-06-30 2008-06-30 Method for making biodegradable superabsorbent particles
US12/164,966 2008-06-30
US12/164,991 2008-06-30
US12/164,991 US8101543B2 (en) 2008-06-30 2008-06-30 Biodegradable superabsorbent particles

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2010002597A2 true WO2010002597A2 (fr) 2010-01-07
WO2010002597A3 WO2010002597A3 (fr) 2010-04-01

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001070287A2 (fr) * 2000-03-21 2001-09-27 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Materiaux superabsorbants a mouillabilite permanente
US20020022812A1 (en) * 2000-05-12 2002-02-21 Takao Kasai Absorbent article
US20080082067A1 (en) * 2006-10-02 2008-04-03 Weyerhaeuser Co. Cellulose fibers having superabsorbent particles adhered thereto
US20080147032A1 (en) * 2006-10-02 2008-06-19 Weyerhaeuser Co. Methods for the preparation crosslinked carboxyalkyl cellulose fibers having non-permanent and temporary crosslinks

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001070287A2 (fr) * 2000-03-21 2001-09-27 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Materiaux superabsorbants a mouillabilite permanente
US20020022812A1 (en) * 2000-05-12 2002-02-21 Takao Kasai Absorbent article
US20080082067A1 (en) * 2006-10-02 2008-04-03 Weyerhaeuser Co. Cellulose fibers having superabsorbent particles adhered thereto
US20080147032A1 (en) * 2006-10-02 2008-06-19 Weyerhaeuser Co. Methods for the preparation crosslinked carboxyalkyl cellulose fibers having non-permanent and temporary crosslinks

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