WO2010002023A1 - Composition réfrigérante comprenant du difluorométhane (hfc32), du 2,3,3,3-tétrafluoropropène (hfo1234yf) et du 1,1,1,2-tétrafluoroéthane (hfc134a) - Google Patents

Composition réfrigérante comprenant du difluorométhane (hfc32), du 2,3,3,3-tétrafluoropropène (hfo1234yf) et du 1,1,1,2-tétrafluoroéthane (hfc134a) Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010002023A1
WO2010002023A1 PCT/JP2009/062252 JP2009062252W WO2010002023A1 WO 2010002023 A1 WO2010002023 A1 WO 2010002023A1 JP 2009062252 W JP2009062252 W JP 2009062252W WO 2010002023 A1 WO2010002023 A1 WO 2010002023A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
mass
hfc32
hfo1234yf
refrigerant composition
hfc134a
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PCT/JP2009/062252
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English (en)
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WO2010002023A8 (fr
Inventor
Tatsumi Tsuchiya
Katsuki Fujiwara
Masahiro Noguchi
Yasufu Yamada
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Daikin Industries, Ltd.
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Publication of WO2010002023A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010002023A1/fr
Publication of WO2010002023A8 publication Critical patent/WO2010002023A8/fr

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
    • C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
    • C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
    • C09K5/041—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems
    • C09K5/044—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds
    • C09K5/045—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds containing only fluorine as halogen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
    • C09K2205/10—Components
    • C09K2205/12—Hydrocarbons
    • C09K2205/126—Unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbons
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
    • C09K2205/22—All components of a mixture being fluoro compounds

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a mixed refrigerant composition
  • a mixed refrigerant composition comprising difluoromethane (HFC32), 2,3,3,3- tetrafluoropropene (HFO1234yf) , and 1,1, 1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC134a) for use in refrigeration and air-conditioning systems.
  • HFC32 difluoromethane
  • HFO1234yf 2,3,3,3- tetrafluoropropene
  • HFC134a 1,1, 1,2-tetrafluoroethane
  • CFC chlorofluorocarbon
  • HCFC hydrochlorofluorocarbon
  • HFC hydrofluorocarbon
  • HFO1234yf 2,3, 3,3-tetrafluoropropane
  • HFO1234yf is one such propene (see for example, Patent Literatures 1 and 2) .
  • HFO1234yf is flammable and has the property of igniting at a concentration in air of 6.5 to 12.5 vol.% at 21°C.
  • this refrigerant has a higher boiling point than HCFC22, which has been conventionally used in stationary air conditioners, and R407C and R410A, which have come into use as alternatives to HCFC22 and are uninvolved in ozone layer depletion. For this reason, the refrigerating capacity cannot be maintained by the use of HFO1234yf alone.
  • a low global warming potential (GWP) of the refrigerant itself is obviously important; however, the energy use efficiency of the system using the refrigerant is equally, or more important.
  • the former is evaluated as a direct environmental impact, and the latter as an indirect environmental impact.
  • LCCP Life Cycle Climate Performance
  • LCCP has been proposed as an objective index for evaluating direct and indirect impacts (see, for example, Non- Patent Literature 1) .
  • NPL 1 "LIFE CYCLE CLIMATE PERFORMANCE OF SOME APPLICATIONS IN JAPAN", HARUO ONISHI, 15 th Annual Earth Technologies Forum and
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a o refrigerant composition that is nonflammable, and ensures low LCCP and less burden on the environment.
  • the present inventors carried out extensive research to achieve the above object. As a result, the inventors found that in an apparatus that circulates a refrigerant through a compressor to form a refrigeration cycle, when the refrigerant used is a composition containing difluoromethane (HFC32) , 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO1234yf) , and 1,1,1,2- tetrafluoroethane (HFC134a) at a ratio of HFC32/HFO1234yf/HFCl34a in a range surrounded by points (0/64/36 mass%) , (0/0/100 mass%) , and (45/0/55 mass%) in a ternary diagram of a refrigerant composition containing HFC32, HFO1234yf, and HFC134a (FIG. 1), and when the composition essentially comprises HFC32 and
  • the refrigerant composition is non-flammable.
  • the inventors further found that this refrigerant composition has low LCCP and a low environmental impact.
  • ITH 100 yr
  • ITH 100 yr
  • ITH 100 yr
  • the point (26.1/26.9/47.0 mass%) refers to a composition containing 26.1 mass% of HFC32, 26.9 mass% of HFO1234yf, and 47.0 mass% of HFCl34a.
  • the range surrounded by the points in the ternary diagram refers to all possible proportions of the three components that are located on the sides or inside of a polygon, such as a triangle, quadrangle, or pentagon, which is formed by connecting a plurality of points such as three, four or five points as mentioned above.
  • the present inventors conducted further research based on the above findings, and finally accomplished the present invention.
  • the present invention provides the following nonflammable refrigerant compositions.
  • Item 1 A refrigerant composition containing difluoromethane (HFC32) , 2, 3, 3, 3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO1234yf) , and 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFCl34a) , the ratio of
  • HFC32/HFO1234yf/HFC134a being in a range surrounded by points (0/64/36 mass%), (0/0/100 mass%) , and (45/0/55 mass%) in a ternary diagram of a refrigerant composition containing HFC32, HFO1234yf, and HFC134, and the composition essentially comprising HFC32 and HFO1234yf.
  • Item 2 The refrigerant composition according to item 1 wherein the ratio of HFC32/HFO1234yf/HFC134a is in a range surrounded by points (0/64/36 mass%) , (0/30.2/69.8 mass%) , and (37.9/10.1/52.0 mass%) in the ternary diagram, and the composition essentially comprises HFC32.
  • Item 3 The refrigerant composition according to item 1 or 2, wherein the ratio of HFC32/HFO1234yf/HFC134a is in a range surrounded by points (0/64/36 mass%), (0/40.7/59.3 mass%), and (26.1/26.9/47.0 mass%) in the ternary diagram, and the composition essentially comprises HFC32.
  • Item 4 The refrigerant composition according to any one of items 1 to 3, wherein the ratio of HFC32/HFO1234yf/HFCl34a is in a range surrounded by points (7/54/39 mass%) , (26/27/47 mass%) , and (7/37/56 mass%) in the ternary diagram.
  • Item 5 The refrigerant composition according to any one of items 1 to 4, wherein the ratio of HFC32/HFO1234yf/HFCl34a is in a range surrounded by points (7/54/39 mass%) , (12/46/42 mass%) , and (7/49/44 mass%) in the ternary diagram.
  • Item 6 The refrigerant composition according to any one of items 1 to 4, wherein the ratio of HFC32/HFO1234yf/HFC134a is in a range surrounded by points (18/38/44 r ⁇ ass%) , (26/27/47 mass%) , and (20/31/49 mass%) in the ternary diagram.
  • Item 7 The refrigerant composition according to item 1 or 2, wherein the ratio of HFC32/HFO1234yf/HFCl34a is in a range surrounded by points (7/37/56 mass%), (9/35/56 mass%) ,
  • Item 8 The refrigerant composition according to item 1 or 2, wherein the ratio of HFC32/HFO1234yf/HFC134a is in a range surrounded by points (7/37/56 mass%) , (8/36/56 mass%) , (10/32/58 mass%), and (7/34/59 mass%) in the ternary diagram.
  • Item 9 The refrigerant composition according to any one of items 1 to 8, further comprising a polymerization inhibitor .
  • Item 10 The refrigerant composition according to any one of items 1 to 9, further comprising a drying agent.
  • Item 11 The refrigerant composition according to any one of items 1 to 10, further comprising a stabilizer.
  • Item 12 A method of operating a refrigerator, comprising circulating the refrigerant composition of any one of items 1 to 11 through a compressor.
  • Item 13 A method of producing the refrigerant composition of item 1, comprising mixing difluoror ⁇ ethane (HFC32) , 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro ⁇ ropene (HFO1234yf) , and 1,1,1,2- tetrafluoroethane (HFC134a) so that the ratio of
  • HFC32/HFO1234yf/HFCl34a is in a range surrounded by points (0/64/36 mass%), (0/0/100 mass%) , and (45/10/55 mass%) in a ternary diagram of a refrigerant composition containing HFC32, HFO1234yf and HFC134, and the composition essentially comprises HFC32.
  • Item 14 A refrigerator comprising a refrigerant composition according to any one of items 1 to 11.
  • the refrigerant composition of the present invention is non-flammable. Therefore, modification of the system specification, such as use of highly safe members in an apparatus is unnecessary. Furthermore, the refrigerant composition of the invention that has specific components in specific proportions achieves the following effects:
  • the refrigerant composition of the invention achieves the same or improved cycle performance compared to conventionally available refrigerants such as R407C or R410A when used as a refrigerant for a heat pump apparatus .
  • the refrigerant makes no contribution to ozone layer depletion even when the refrigerant is not completely recovered after use, because its ozone depletion potential (ODP) is zero.
  • ODP ozone depletion potential
  • the global warming potential (GWP) is less than those of conventionally-used refrigerants such as R407C and R410A.
  • the refrigerant composition is excellent in LCCP evaluation, and its contribution to global warming is as low as, or lower than, that of conventionally available refrigerants such as R407C or R410A, when used as a refrigerant for a heat pump apparatus.
  • FIG. 1 is a ternary diagram showing the proportions of HFC32, HFO1234yf, and HFC134a in a refrigerant composition.
  • FIG. 2 shows the flammable range of a mixed system of HFC32, HFO1234yf, and HFC134a.
  • FIG. 3 schematically illustrates the apparatus used in a flammability test.
  • the present inventors conducted extensive research on the relationships of the ratio of HFC125, HFO1234yf, and HFC134a to LCCP (Life Cycle Climate Performance) and to flammability. LCCP and flammability were evaluated by the methods described in Test Examples 1 and 2, respectively.
  • composition 1 contains HFC32
  • HFO1234yf, and HFC134a at a ratio of HFC32/HFO1234yf/HFC134a in a range surrounded by points (0/64/36 mass%) , (0/0/100 mass%) , and (45/0/55 mass%) in a ternary diagram of a refrigerant composition containing HFC32, HFO1234yf and HFC134a (FIG. 1), and when the composition essentially comprises HFC32 and HFO1234yf, the composition is nonflammable, and has low LCCP and a low environmental impact.
  • a refrigerant composition contains HFC32, HFO1234yf and HFC134a at a ratio of HFC32/HFO1234yf/HFC134a (a/b/c mass%) that satisfies the following equations (1) to (3) :
  • Equations (1) to (3) mathematically define the non-flammable region, as supported by the Examples below (see FIG. 1) .
  • a refrigerant composition contains HFC32, HFO1234yf and HFCl34a at a ratio of HFC32/HFO1234yf/HFC134a (a/b/c mass%) that satisfies the following equations (4) to (6) : 0 ⁇ a ⁇ 37.9 (4)
  • a refrigerant composition contains HFC32, HFO1234yf, and HFC134a at a ratio of HFC32/HFO1234yf/HFCl34a (a/b/c mass%) that satisfies the following equations (7) to (9) : 0 ⁇ a ⁇ 26.1 (7)
  • composition 4 When a refrigerant composition (Composition 4) contains HFC32, HFO1234yf, and HFC134a at a ratio of
  • Composition 4 has a low GWP and excellent refrigerating capacity.
  • composition 5 when a refrigerant composition (Composition 5) contains HFC32, HFO1234yf, and HFC134a at a ratio of
  • a refrigerant composition contains HFC32, HFO1234yf, and HFC134a at a ratio of HFC32/HFO1234yf/HFCl34a in a range surrounded by points (18/38/44 mass%), (26/27/47 mass%) , and (20/31/49 mass%) , such a refrigerant composition achieves particularly excellent effects .
  • the GWP of Composition 5 is equivalent to or less than that of HFC32 (GWP: 675) .
  • HFC32, HFO1234yf, and HFC134a at a ratio of
  • HFC32/HFO1234yf/HFC134a in a range surrounded by points (7/37/56 mass%), (9/35/56 mass%) , (13/24/63 mass%) , (10/25/65 mass%) , and
  • composition 7 has excellent LCCP and a low environmental impact, and is nonflammable in the liquid phase and in the corresponding saturated gas phase.
  • Composition 7 has a low GWP and excellent refrigerating capacity.
  • composition 8 When a refrigerant composition (Composition 8) contains HFC32, HFO1234yf, and HFC134a at a ratio of
  • the refrigerant composition of the present invention is highly stable. If necessary, stabilizers may be added to meet the requirement of high stability under severe conditions.
  • examples of usable stabilizers include (i) aliphatic nitro compounds such as nitromethane and nitroethane; aromatic nitro compounds such as nitrobenzene and nitrostyrene; (ii) ethers such as 1, 4-dioxane; amines such as 2,2, 3,3, 3-pentafluoropropylamine and diphenylamine; butylhydroxyxylene; benzotriazole; and the like.
  • the stabilizers can be used singly or in a combination of two or more.
  • the amount of stabilizer used may vary depending on the type of stabilizer used. The amount is not particularly limited, as long as it does not impair the performance of the nonflammable composition. In general, the stabilizer is preferably used in an amount of about 0.01 to about 5 parts by weight, and more preferably about 0.05 to about 2 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of the mixture of HFC125, HFO1234yf, and HFCl34a.
  • the composition of the present invention may further contain a polymerization inhibitor.
  • polymerization inhibitors examples include known compounds such as 4- methoxy-1-naphthol, hydroquinone, hydroquinone methyl ether, dimethyl-t-butylphenol, 2, 6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, and benzotriazole.
  • the polymerization inhibitor is preferably used in an amount of about 0.01 to about 5 parts by weight, and more preferably about 0.05 to about 2 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of the mixture of HFC32, HFO1234yf, and HFC134a.
  • the composition of the present invention may further contain a drying agent .
  • the refrigerant composition of the present invention can be circulated through a compressor to form a refrigeration cycle.
  • An apparatus that circulates the refrigerant composition of the invention through a compressor to form a refrigeration cycle can also be provided.
  • GFP gas heat pumps
  • EHP electrical heat pumps
  • the refrigerant composition of the invention is effectively used in home and business air conditioners, whose downsizing is required.
  • COP coefficient of performance
  • LCCP coefficient of performance
  • COP (cooling capacity or heating capacity) / power consumption
  • LCCP direct impact (kg-CO 2 ) + indirect impact (kg-CO 2 )
  • Direct impact (leakage during charging at a manufacturing plant) + (annual regular leakage) + (annual irregular leakage) + (leakage during service) + (leakage during disposal)
  • the values of the global warming contribution CO 2 emission ratio (indirect impact, direct impact, and LLCP) of Examples 1 to 13 and Comparative Example 2 are relative values (ratios) obtained by expressing the indirect impact, direct impact, and LCCP of Examples 1 to 13 and Comparative Example 2, on the basis that the values of Comparative Example 1 (R410A) are considered to be 100.
  • LCCP i.e., an index reflecting direct and indirect impacts of carbon dioxide gas emissions
  • the results show that the refrigerant of the present invention has a lower LCCP value than R410A and R407C, and has the lowest environmental impact.
  • the flammability of the mixed refrigerant of the three components used in the refrigerant composition of the present invention was evaluated by measuring the flammable range using a measuring apparatus according to ASTM E681-2001.
  • FIG. 3 shows the apparatus .
  • a 12-liter spherical glass flask was used so that the combustion state can be visually observed and photographically recorded.
  • gas was allowed to escape from the upper lid. Ignition was achieved by electric discharge from electrodes disposed at one- third the distance from the bottom.
  • Test vessel 280 mm ⁇ spherical (internal volume: 12 liters)
  • FIG. 2 shows the flammable range of mixed systems of HFC32/HFO1234yf/HFC134a.
  • the ratio of HFC32/HFO1234yf/HFC134a (a/b/c mass%) on the nonflammability limit line substantially satisfied the relationship defined by the following Equations (10) to (12) :
  • the mixed refrigerant composition of the present invention contains difluoromethane, 2, 3, 3, 3-tetrafluoropropene, and 1, 1, 1,2-tetrafluoroethane, and can be effectively used in refrigeration and air-conditioning systems.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

La présente invention porte sur une composition réfrigérante ininflammable en phase liquide. En outre, la présente invention porte sur une composition réfrigérante ininflammable qui présente un indice de performance climatique sur le cycle de vie (LCCP), un impact environnemental et un potentiel de réchauffement global faibles. De façon plus spécifique, l'invention porte sur une composition réfrigérante contenant du difluorométhane (HFC32), du 2,3,3,3-tétrafluoropropène (HFO1234yf) et du 1,1,1,2-tétrafluoroéthane (HFC134a) à un rapport de HFC32/HFO1234yf/HFC134a dans une plage entourée par les points (0/64/36 % en masse), (0/0/100 % en masse) et (45/0/55 % en masse) dans un diagramme ternaire d'une composition réfrigérante contenant du HFC32, du HFO1234yf et du HFC134, la composition contenant essentiellement du HFC32 et du HFO1234yf.
PCT/JP2009/062252 2008-07-01 2009-06-30 Composition réfrigérante comprenant du difluorométhane (hfc32), du 2,3,3,3-tétrafluoropropène (hfo1234yf) et du 1,1,1,2-tétrafluoroéthane (hfc134a) WO2010002023A1 (fr)

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US12950508P 2008-07-01 2008-07-01
US12950608P 2008-07-01 2008-07-01
US61/129,505 2008-07-01
US61/129,506 2008-07-01
US11290508P 2008-11-10 2008-11-10
US61/112,905 2008-11-10

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US8999190B2 (en) 2007-10-12 2015-04-07 Mexichem Amanco Holding S.A. De C.V. Heat transfer compositions
US8628681B2 (en) 2007-10-12 2014-01-14 Mexichem Amanco Holding S.A. De C.V. Heat transfer compositions
US8512591B2 (en) 2007-10-12 2013-08-20 Mexichem Amanco Holding S.A. De C.V. Heat transfer compositions
US8333901B2 (en) 2007-10-12 2012-12-18 Mexichem Amanco Holding S.A. De C.V. Heat transfer compositions
US9599381B2 (en) 2008-10-08 2017-03-21 Arkema France Heat transfer fluid
US11130893B2 (en) 2008-10-08 2021-09-28 Arkema France Heat transfer fluid
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US9540556B2 (en) 2008-11-19 2017-01-10 The Chemours Company Fc, Llc Tetrafluoropropene compositions and uses thereof
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